WO2012173180A1 - タンデム型ソーラーセル - Google Patents
タンデム型ソーラーセル Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2012173180A1 WO2012173180A1 PCT/JP2012/065213 JP2012065213W WO2012173180A1 WO 2012173180 A1 WO2012173180 A1 WO 2012173180A1 JP 2012065213 W JP2012065213 W JP 2012065213W WO 2012173180 A1 WO2012173180 A1 WO 2012173180A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- solar cell
- silicon dioxide
- titanium dioxide
- light
- glass substrate
- Prior art date
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- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 167
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 141
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 87
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 85
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 73
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 69
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 230000001235 sensitizing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 abstract description 30
- 239000012327 Ruthenium complex Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorane Chemical compound F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- NLKNQRATVPKPDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium iodide Chemical compound [K+].[I-] NLKNQRATVPKPDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 21
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 18
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 description 18
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 14
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 11
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 8
- HSZCZNFXUDYRKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium iodide Chemical compound [Li+].[I-] HSZCZNFXUDYRKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 8
- 239000003566 sealing material Substances 0.000 description 8
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000005388 borosilicate glass Substances 0.000 description 6
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000002238 attenuated effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000005350 fused silica glass Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000005361 soda-lime glass Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 5
- YSHMQTRICHYLGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-tert-butylpyridine Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC=NC=C1 YSHMQTRICHYLGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper oxide Chemical compound [Cu]=O QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium oxide Chemical compound [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 4
- DPKBAXPHAYBPRL-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrabutylazanium;iodide Chemical compound [I-].CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC DPKBAXPHAYBPRL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001699 photocatalysis Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011941 photocatalyst Substances 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- IKQCDTXBZKMPBB-UHFFFAOYSA-M 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazol-3-ium;iodide Chemical compound [I-].CCN1C=C[N+](C)=C1 IKQCDTXBZKMPBB-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- BMYNFMYTOJXKLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-azaniumyl-2-hydroxypropanoate Chemical compound NCC(O)C(O)=O BMYNFMYTOJXKLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910002367 SrTiO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ZJYYHGLJYGJLLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N guanidinium thiocyanate Chemical compound SC#N.NC(N)=N ZJYYHGLJYGJLLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000005486 organic electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- JMANVNJQNLATNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxalonitrile Chemical compound N#CC#N JMANVNJQNLATNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005240 physical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 2
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 2
- ISHFYECQSXFODS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 1,2-dimethyl-3-propylimidazol-1-ium;iodide Chemical compound [I-].CCCN1C=C[N+](C)=C1C ISHFYECQSXFODS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- SFPQDYSOPQHZAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxypropanenitrile Chemical compound COC(C)C#N SFPQDYSOPQHZAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OOWFYDWAMOKVSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methoxypropanenitrile Chemical compound COCCC#N OOWFYDWAMOKVSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 1
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010306 acid treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021488 crystalline silicon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005357 flat glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead(0) Chemical compound [Pb] WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011856 silicon-based particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- HUAUNKAZQWMVFY-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;oxocalcium;hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+].[Ca]=O HUAUNKAZQWMVFY-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000003980 solgel method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/20—Light-sensitive devices
- H01G9/2068—Panels or arrays of photoelectrochemical cells, e.g. photovoltaic modules based on photoelectrochemical cells
- H01G9/2072—Panels or arrays of photoelectrochemical cells, e.g. photovoltaic modules based on photoelectrochemical cells comprising two or more photoelectrodes sensible to different parts of the solar spectrum, e.g. tandem cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/20—Light-sensitive devices
- H01G9/2027—Light-sensitive devices comprising an oxide semiconductor electrode
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/20—Light-sensitive devices
- H01G9/2027—Light-sensitive devices comprising an oxide semiconductor electrode
- H01G9/2031—Light-sensitive devices comprising an oxide semiconductor electrode comprising titanium oxide, e.g. TiO2
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/20—Light-sensitive devices
- H01G9/2059—Light-sensitive devices comprising an organic dye as the active light absorbing material, e.g. adsorbed on an electrode or dissolved in solution
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K2102/00—Constructional details relating to the organic devices covered by this subclass
- H10K2102/10—Transparent electrodes, e.g. using graphene
- H10K2102/101—Transparent electrodes, e.g. using graphene comprising transparent conductive oxides [TCO]
- H10K2102/102—Transparent electrodes, e.g. using graphene comprising transparent conductive oxides [TCO] comprising tin oxides, e.g. fluorine-doped SnO2
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/542—Dye sensitized solar cells
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a tandem solar cell in which a titanium dioxide solar cell and a silicon dioxide solar cell are combined.
- reference numerals 1 and 3 denote glass substrates, and an FTO transparent conductive film 2 is formed on one side, and light is incident from the glass substrate 1 side.
- 6 is a porous titanium dioxide sintered body.
- 5 is an electrolytic solution, and generally, an iodine-based electrolyte in which iodine is dissolved in a potassium iodide aqueous solution is used.
- 4 is a sealing material
- 7 is a load such as a resistor.
- hatched arrows indicate ultraviolet light
- white arrows indicate visible light
- black arrows indicate infrared light.
- the transmission light which is greatly attenuated is shown by shortening the arrow, and the transmission light which is not attenuated or has a small attenuation amount is shown by leaving the arrow as it is. In the following drawings, this description method is adopted.
- the light generated by titanium dioxide is only ultraviolet light having a wavelength of 380 nm or less, and the ultraviolet light in this wavelength range is only 4% of sunlight. Therefore, the utilization efficiency of sunlight, which is the most abundant light source, is at most 4%, actually at most 1%, and the utilization efficiency of sunlight is extremely low.
- the range of available light can be made visible by having a longer wavelength than ultraviolet light by adsorbing the ruthenium complex dye to sintered porous titanium dioxide Dye Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSCs), which have been extended to the light range, are known as Gretz's Elcell.
- DSSCs Dye Sensitized Solar Cells
- reference numerals 1 and 3 are glass substrates, and FTO transparent conductive films 2 and 2 are formed on one surface, respectively, and light is incident from the glass substrate 1 side.
- 8 is a porous titanium dioxide sintered body on which a ruthenium complex dye is adsorbed.
- 5 is an electrolytic solution, and generally, an iodine-based electrolyte in which iodine is dissolved in a potassium iodide aqueous solution is used.
- 4 is a sealing material
- 7 is a load such as a resistor.
- the solar utilization efficiency of the dye-sensitized solar cell having such a configuration is theoretically 30%, actually up to 10%.
- titanium dioxide has a photocatalytic function
- fused quartz particles treated with hydrohalic acid as a material having a photocatalytic function as described in JP-A 2004-290748 and JP-A 2004-290747. Is shown in Japanese.
- This artificial quartz photocatalyst functions as a photocatalyst in a wavelength range of 200 to 800 nm, which is wider than the photocatalyst using fused quartz as a raw material disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open Nos. 2004-290748 and 2004-290747.
- silicon dioxide represented by artificial quartz can be used as a solar cell, and this solar cell is described in WO 2011/049156. This silicon dioxide is colorless.
- silicon dioxide is particles of non-crystalline glass such as quartz glass, non-alkali glass, borosilicate glass, soda lime glass etc. even though it is not artificial crystal which is crystalline, it is treated with hydrohalic acid Function as a solar cell material.
- reference numerals 1 and 3 denote glass substrates, the FTO transparent conductive film 2 is formed on one surface, and light is incident from the glass substrate 1 side.
- 9 is a granular body obtained by grinding a silicon dioxide fired body.
- the electrolytic solution coexists with the silicon dioxide particles 9, and generally, an iodine-based electrolyte in which iodine is dissolved in an aqueous potassium iodide solution is used.
- an n-type semiconductor layer 10 such as zinc oxide (ZnO) or titanium oxide (TiO 2 ) is formed.
- a platinum film 8 is formed on the FTO layer 2 of the glass substrate 3 which is not on the light incident side.
- a solar cell material 9 in which a glass containing SiO 2 and an organic electrolyte are mixed is enclosed between the n-type semiconductor layer 10 and the platinum film 8 at a thickness of 0.15 to 0.20 mm.
- Solar cell material 9 is obtained by immersing particles such as glass containing SiO 2 in a 5% aqueous solution of hydrofluoric acid for 5 minutes, washing with water and drying, and grinding to a particle size of 0.2 mm or less ing.
- the iodine-based electrolyte is one in which 0.1 mol of LiI, 0.05 mol of I 2 , 0.5 mol of 4-tert-butylpyridine and 0.5 mol of tetrabutylammonium iodide are added to an acetonitrile solvent.
- 4 is a sealing material
- 7 is a load such as a resistor.
- An object of the invention according to this application is to provide a solar cell exhibiting excellent performance by combining a titanium dioxide solar cell and a silicon dioxide solar cell.
- the invention according to this application combines a titanium dioxide solar cell and a silicon dioxide solar cell in a tandem configuration, or combines a titanium dioxide solar cell and a silicon dioxide solar cell in a tandem configuration in a single housing, 2
- the output is taken out from the electrode on the titanium oxide solar cell side and the electrode on the silicon dioxide solar cell side.
- a ruthenium complex dye used as a sensitizing dye in a titanium dioxide solar cell is adsorbed to silicon dioxide.
- a metal plate is used in place of the glass plate facing the light incident side glass plate.
- Two glass substrates on which a transparent conductive film is formed are disposed to face each other, the titanium dioxide layer is disposed on one side of the glass substrate, and the silicon dioxide layer is disposed on the other side.
- An electrolyte is filled between two glass substrates to form a tandem solar cell.
- a sensitizing dye is adsorbed to the titanium dioxide layer to constitute the tandem solar cell of (1).
- a sensitizing dye is adsorbed to the silicon dioxide layer to constitute the tandem solar cell of (1).
- a sensitizing dye is adsorbed to the titanium dioxide layer to construct the tandem solar cell of (4).
- a sensitizing dye is adsorbed to the silicon dioxide layer to construct the tandem solar cell of (4).
- the transparent conductive film and the metal plate of the glass substrate on which the transparent conductive film is formed are disposed facing each other, the silicon dioxide layer is disposed on the glass substrate, the titanium dioxide layer is disposed on the metal plate, and the glass substrate An electrolyte is filled between the and the metal plate to form a tandem solar cell.
- a sensitizing dye is adsorbed to the titanium dioxide layer to constitute the tandem solar cell of (7).
- a sensitizing dye is adsorbed to the silicon dioxide layer to construct a tandem solar cell of (7).
- the silicon dioxide solar cell can also be generated by visible light to infrared light. Therefore, the utilization rate of light, especially sunlight, is significantly increased by combining the silicon dioxide solar cells which are also generated by light other than ultraviolet light which is not generated by the titanium dioxide solar cells which are generated by ultraviolet light. Get higher.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the configuration of a prior art silicon dioxide solar cell.
- BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The schematic diagram of a structure of the solar cell of Example 1.
- FIG. 4 illustrates the silicon dioxide solar cell disclosed by the present applicant in another application. This solar cell is configured by the silicon dioxide solar cell shown in FIG. 3 based on the configuration of titanium dioxide shown in FIG.
- reference numeral 11 denotes a glass substrate made of a general-purpose glass plate, a transparent conductive film 12 such as FTO is formed on one surface, and is used as a light incident side.
- Reference numeral 13 denotes a glass substrate made of a general-purpose glass plate similar to 11; a transparent conductive film 12 such as FTO is formed on one surface, and is used as a light emitting side surface. The glass substrate 11 and the glass substrate 13 are disposed such that the two transparent conductive films 12 face each other.
- a silicon dioxide particle sintered body is disposed on the transparent conductive film 12 of the light incident side glass substrate 11.
- the silicon dioxide particles are quartz crystal particles obtained by grinding crystalline artificial quartz crystal grains or non-crystalline glass grains treated with hydrohalic acid to a particle size of 0.2 mm or less, preferably 500 nm or less, and firing of silicon dioxide particles The body was mixed with ethanol and applied onto the transparent conductive film 12 on which a layer such as platinum was formed, and dried.
- quartz crystal which is crystalline of silicon dioxide or non-crystalline quartz glass, alkali-free glass, borosilicate glass, soda lime glass, etc. glass particles can be used, and roughly crushed silicon dioxide
- the grains are immersed in an aqueous solution of hydrofluoric acid, then the crystal grains or glass grains are washed with water and then dried and then pulverized.
- Hydrochloric acid or hydrobromic acid is used as hydrohalic acid other than hydrofluoric acid, but hydrofluoric acid is preferred.
- the diameter of the silicon dioxide particles is not limited to fine particles of 500 nm or less, and can be used even with a diameter of about 0.2 mm.
- titanium dioxide In addition to titanium dioxide, CuO, MgO, ZnO, SrTiO 3 , carbon nitride, graphene or the like can be used for the light incident side electrode.
- An electrolyte 15 is filled between the two glass substrates 11 and 13. 14 is a sealing material, and 17 is an external load.
- an iodine-based electrolyte in which iodine is dissolved in an aqueous potassium iodide solution is most simply used. Since this electrolyte is colored, the following electrolyte can be used when it is necessary to be colorless. .
- This electrolytic solution is almost colorless and transparent in the visible light region when the concentration of halogen molecules such as I 2 and Br 2 is 0.0004 mol / l or less.
- LiI lithium iodide
- I 2 metal iodine
- electrolytes can also be used.
- a solution of 0.5 mol of lithium iodide (LiI) and 0.05 mol of metal iodine (I 2 ) in methoxypropionitrile is added with a thickener to further improve open circuit voltage and fill factor.
- Add pyridine is added.
- a colored electrolyte such as iodine-containing electrolyte having a reduced concentration.
- Acetic acid or citric acid can also be used as a colorless electrolyte.
- a lead wire is attached between FTO layer 2-2 which is a lead electrode of this solar cell, and light of illuminance 15,000 to 19,000 lux is irradiated by a fluorescent lamp as an irradiation light source from the light incident electric glass substrate 1 side. Voltage and short circuit current were measured.
- the release voltage and short circuit current which were shown next were obtained also with the silicon dioxide composition which is not carrying out the hydrofluoric acid treatment.
- the release voltage of the solar cell using artificial crystal was 3 mV, and the short circuit current was 0.1 ⁇ A.
- the release voltage of the solar cell using fused silica glass was 3 mV, and the short circuit current was 0.2 ⁇ A.
- the release voltage of the solar cell using soda lime glass was 5 mV and the short circuit current was 0.1 ⁇ A.
- the release voltage of the solar cell using alkali-free glass was 5 mV, and the short circuit current was 0.1 ⁇ A.
- the release voltage of the solar cell using borosilicate glass was 12 mV, and the short circuit current was 0.2 ⁇ A.
- silicon dioxide has a function as a photovoltaic cell, and it is understood that the photovoltaic voltage becomes extremely high by the treatment with hydrofluoric acid.
- Hydrochloric acid used in the treatment is hydrochloric acid, and similarly 0.1 mol of LiI, 0.05 mol of I 2 , 0.5 mol of 4-tert-butylpyridine, 0.5 mol of tetrabutylammonium iodide
- the release voltage obtained when using the organic electrolyte added to the solvent was 4 mV, and the short circuit current was 0.1 ⁇ A.
- the artificial quartz solar cell is generated even by the light which does not contain the component of the ultraviolet region.
- the titanium dioxide solar cell shown in FIG. 1 Since the titanium dioxide solar cell shown in FIG. 1 generates electricity only by ultraviolet light having a wavelength of 380% or less at which only 4% is contained in sunlight, the utilization efficiency of sunlight is at most 4%, actually 1 % Is at best.
- the range of available light can be made visible by having a longer wavelength than ultraviolet light by adsorbing a ruthenium complex dye to sintered porous titanium dioxide Even in a dye-sensitized solar cell expanded to the light range, the generation of sunlight is only a part of visible light, so the utilization efficiency of sunlight is theoretically 30%, actually up to only 10% .
- the short circuit current was measured at an intensity almost equal to direct sunlight, with an open voltage of 400 mV and a short circuit current of 0.5 ⁇ A respectively. It has been observed.
- Table 1 shows the results of measurement of the light transmittance of this silicon dioxide solar cell and the two FTO glasses on both sides of this silicon dioxide solar cell to investigate the influence of this silicon dioxide solar cell on infrared ray transmission. .
- the numbers in the upper row in this Table 1 are the transmittances, and the numbers in the lower brackets are the blocking rates.
- the silicon dioxide solar cell blocks almost 100% of light in the wavelength range of 470 nm or less, while FTO glass blocks approximately 100% of the light in the wavelength range of 289 nm or less.
- Light in the wavelength range of 289 nm to 470 nm is transmitted by 65% or more.
- the silicon dioxide solar cell blocks 84.7% of light having a wavelength of 800 nm, the blocking ratio of FTO glass is only 15.7%. Considering the blocking of such infrared light and the generation of electricity by an incandescent lamp, it is considered that the silicon dioxide solar cell is also generated by the incident infrared light.
- a titanium dioxide solar cell generated by ultraviolet light or a dye-sensitized titanium dioxide solar cell generated by ultraviolet light and visible light and a battery generated by visible light and infrared light 2 By combining with a silicon oxide solar cell, electricity can be generated by light of all wavelength ranges of incident light from sunlight or the like.
- Example 1 shown in FIG. 5 is a solar cell of a principle tandem configuration in which a titanium dioxide solar cell and a silicon dioxide solar cell are combined.
- the solar cell of this tandem configuration is configured by arranging the prior art titanium dioxide solar cell shown in FIG. 1 and the prior art silicon dioxide solar cell shown in FIG. 4 in series.
- a titanium dioxide solar cell Disposed on the upper side is a titanium dioxide solar cell.
- 11 and 13 are glass substrates on each of which FTO transparent conductive film 12 is formed, and light is emitted from the glass substrate 11 side.
- Is incident. 16 is a porous titanium dioxide sintered body.
- 15 is an electrolytic solution, and generally, an iodine-based electrolyte in which iodine is dissolved in an aqueous potassium iodide solution is used.
- Reference numeral 14 denotes a sealing material
- reference numeral 17 denotes a load such as a resistor.
- a silicon dioxide solar cell Disposed on the lower side is a silicon dioxide solar cell, and in this solar cell, 11 and 13 are glass substrates on each of which FTO transparent conductive film 12 is formed, and from the glass substrate 11 side Light is incident.
- 18 is a silicon dioxide fired body.
- 15 is an electrolytic solution, and generally, an iodine-based electrolyte in which iodine is dissolved in an aqueous potassium iodide solution is used.
- Reference numeral 14 denotes a sealing material
- reference numeral 17 denotes a load such as a resistor.
- Sunlight including ultraviolet light, visible light and infrared light is incident from the glass substrate 11 side of the titanium dioxide solar cell of the solar cell of the tandem configuration.
- titanium dioxide In the titanium dioxide solar cell, titanium dioxide is generated by ultraviolet light, and the ultraviolet light is attenuated and emitted, but the visible light and infrared light are emitted as they are except being absorbed.
- the emitted attenuated ultraviolet light, visible light and infrared light are incident from the glass substrate 11 of the silicon dioxide solar cell.
- silicon dioxide is generated by visible light and infrared light, and visible light and infrared light are also attenuated and emitted.
- the titanium dioxide solar cell It is preferable to arrange on the incident side. Needless to say, the silicon dioxide solar cell can be disposed on the light incident side.
- a tandem solar cell of Example 2 will be described with reference to FIG.
- the tandem-type solar cell of Example 2 is a solar cell using titanium dioxide and a solar cell using silicon dioxide, which are housed in a single case with an electrolyte as a common element.
- the ultraviolet light generated by titanium dioxide is less likely to pass through the solar cell as compared to the visible light and infrared light generated by silicon dioxide, and therefore titanium dioxide is added to the glass substrate on the light incident side. Arrange the layers.
- reference numeral 11 denotes a glass substrate made of a glass plate, and a transparent conductive film 12 such as FTO is formed on one surface, and is used as a light incident side surface.
- the reference numeral 13 denotes a glass substrate made of a general-purpose glass plate similar to 11; a transparent conductive film 12 such as FTO is formed on one surface, and is used as a light emitting side surface.
- the glass substrate 11 and the glass substrate 13 are disposed such that the two transparent conductive films 12 face each other.
- a titanium dioxide layer 16 is disposed on the transparent conductive film 12 of the light incident side glass substrate 11, and a silicon dioxide layer 18 is disposed on the transparent conductive film 12 of the light emitting side glass substrate 13. Needless to say, the silicon dioxide layer 18 can be disposed on the light incident surface side, and the titanium dioxide layer can be disposed on the light emission side surface.
- An electrolyte 15 is filled between the two glass substrates 11 and 13.
- Reference numeral 14 denotes a sealing material
- reference numeral 17 denotes an external load, which is connected to the transparent conductive films 12 and 12.
- the titanium dioxide layer 16 is formed of titanium dioxide formed by sputtering, chemical vapor deposition (CVD), physical vapor deposition (PVD), sol-gel method, plating method, electrolytic polymerization method, molecular precursor method, etc. There are cases where it is a film and cases where it is a titanium dioxide porous sintered body solidified by means such as sintering. In the case of the molecular precursor method, it is desirable to add titanium dioxide particles separately in order to improve the function.
- titanium dioxide In addition to titanium dioxide, CuO, MgO, ZnO, SrTiO 3 , carbon nitride, graphene or the like can be used on the light incident side.
- the particles of the silicon dioxide sintered body 50 are quartz crystal particles crushed to a particle diameter of 0.2 mm or less, preferably 500 nm or less, and mixed with ethanol on the transparent conductive film 12 on which a layer such as platinum is formed. It was applied and dried.
- silicon dioxide particles artificial quartz which is crystalline silicon dioxide or quartz glass which is non-crystalline, glass particles such as alkali-free glass, borosilicate glass, soda lime, etc. can be used, and roughly crushed dioxide
- the silicon particles are immersed in an aqueous solution of hydrofluoric acid, then the artificial quartz particles or glass particles are washed with water and then dried and then pulverized.
- Hydrochloric acid is used as the hydrohalic acid in addition to hydrofluoric acid, but hydrofluoric acid is preferred.
- Artificial quartz particles or other glass particles can be treated with hydrohalic acids other than hydrofluoric acid, hydrochloric acid or hydrobromic acid.
- an iodine-based electrolyte in which iodine is dissolved in an aqueous potassium iodide solution is most simply used, but other electrolytes can also be used. .
- This electrolytic solution is almost colorless and transparent in the visible light region when the concentration of halogen molecules such as I 2 and Br 2 is 0.0004 mol / l or less.
- colorless and transparent acetic acid or citric acid can also be used as a transparent electrolyte.
- a solar simulator emits 1 kw / m 2 of solar constant light to a 1 cm ⁇ 1 cm tandem solar cell and measures the characteristics of the solar cell.
- a short circuit current of 348 ⁇ A and an open circuit voltage of 620 mV are obtained.
- titanium dioxide is used on the light incident side, but other appropriate materials such as zinc oxide can be selected.
- the tandem solar cell of Example 3 shown in FIG. 7 is a tandem solar cell using titanium dioxide particles 19 in addition to the titanium dioxide layer 16 of the tandem solar cell of Example 2.
- the titanium dioxide particles are fixed by means such as spraying on the titanium dioxide film 16 and then firing the whole.
- a sensitizing dye such as a ruthenium complex is adsorbed to the silicon dioxide layer 14 of the tandem solar cell of Example 2.
- the silicon dioxide photovoltaic material 9 adsorbs ruthenium sensitizing dye to artificial quartz fine particles having a particle size of 500 nm or less treated with hydrofluoric acid, and mixes platinum powder using ethanol as a solvent to obtain an FTO film 2 It is applied on top and fired.
- the silicon dioxide current collector In the tandem-type solar cell of Example 4 in which the silicon dioxide current collector having the sensitizing dye adsorbed thereon and the sintered porous titanium dioxide current collector are arranged in series with the incident light, the silicon dioxide current collector is used. It generates electricity with light of longer wavelength than visible light, and transmits ultraviolet light.
- the sensitizing dye is generated by light in the visible light range
- the sintered porous titanium dioxide current generator is generated by ultraviolet light transmitted through the silicon dioxide current collector.
- the tandem solar cell of Example 2 can generate electricity by effectively using light in a wide wavelength range.
- the sintered body of silicon dioxide powder and platinum powder is less colored than that of titanium dioxide. Therefore, when the electrolyte is colorless and transparent, the overall coloration is very small.
- FIG. 9 shows a solar cell in which the counter electrode of the prior art solar cell shown in FIG. 3 is a metal plate.
- the solar cell of Example 5 is different from the solar cell of the prior art only in that the counter electrode is changed from the FTO glass 2 and the glass substrate 3 to the metal plate 21 and thus further description is omitted.
- Aluminum, silver, nickel or the like is employed as the metal plate 21.
- an alloy or a composite material is used.
- the solar cell of Example 6 shown in FIG. 10 is only the point in which the FTO glass 2 and the glass substrate 3 of the silicon dioxide solar cell of the prior art shown in FIG. I omit it.
- the solar cell of Example 7 shown in FIG. 11 is the same as the solar cell of the tandem type solar cell of Example 1 shown in FIG. 5 except that the FTO film 12 and the glass substrate 13 of the silicon dioxide solar cell are changed to the metal plate 21. As it is, further explanation is omitted.
- the solar cell of the eighth embodiment shown in FIG. 12 is the same as the solar cell of the tandem solar cell of the second embodiment shown in FIG. 6 except that the FTO film 12 and the glass substrate 13 are changed to the metal plate 21. I omit it.
- a tandem solar cell combining a solar cell using silicon dioxide and a titanium dioxide solar cell is capable of generating electricity by a wide range of light ranging from ultraviolet light to infrared light, and is extremely effective for solving energy problems .
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Abstract
Description
比較的安価なソーラーセルとして二酸化チタン(TiO2)を用いるソーラーセルがある。
この図において1及び3はガラス基板であり各々1方の面にFTO透明導電膜2が形成され、ガラス基板1側から光が入射する。6は多孔質2酸化チタン焼結体である。5は電解液であり、一般的には沃化カリウム水溶液に沃素を溶解した沃素系電解質が用いられる。
なお、4は封止材、7は抵抗器等の負荷である。
以後の図面においては、この記載方法を採る。
この図において1及び3はガラス基板であり各々1方の面にFTO透明導電膜2,2が形成され、ガラス基板1側から光が入射する。8はルテニウム錯体色素を吸着させた多孔質2酸化チタン焼結体である。5は電解液であり、一般的には沃化カリウム水溶液に沃素を溶解した沃素系電解質が用いられる。
なお、4は封止材、7は抵抗器等の負荷である。
このような構成を有する色素増感ソーラーセルの太陽光利用効率は、理論的に30%、実際には最大で10%である。
この2酸化ケイ素は無色である。
光入射側ではないガラス基板3のFTO層2には白金膜8が形成されている。
なお、4は封止材、7は抵抗器等の負荷である。
このソーラーセルは図3に示した2酸化ケイ素ソーラーセルを図1に示した2酸化チタンの構成に基づいて構成したものである。
2酸化ケイ素粒子はハロゲン化水素酸処理した結晶質人工水晶粒又は非結晶質ガラス粒を粒径が0.2mm以下、望ましくは500nm以下に粉砕された工水晶粒子であり、2酸化ケイ素粒子焼成体はエタノールと混合して白金等の層が形成された透明導電膜12上に塗布し乾燥させた。
14は封止材であり、17は外部負荷である。
テトラブチルアンモニウムアイオダイド:0.4M
4-t-ブチルピリジン:0.2M
グアニジウムイソチオシアネート:0.1M
をプロピレンカーボネート液として調製。
ヨウ化リチウム(LiI)0.5mol,金属ヨウ素(I2)0.05molを分子量220のポリエチレングリコールを溶媒として調製したもの。
ヨウ化リチウム(LiI)0.5mol,金属ヨウ素(I2)0.05molをメトキシプロピオニトリルに溶かしたものに増粘剤を加え、さらに開放電圧とフィルファクターを向上させるため4-tert-butyl pyridineを添加したもの。
LiIとI2,溶媒に3-メトキシプロピオニトリル,粘性を低くしイオンの拡散をスムーズにする常温溶融塩として1-propyl-2,3 dimethylimidazolium iodide,逆電流を防ぎ開放電圧を高める4-tert-butyl pyridineを所定比混合したもの。
無色の電解質として酢酸あるいはクエン酸等も使用できる。
(1)人工水晶を用いたソーラーセルの解放電圧は35mV、短絡電流は0.5μAであった。
(2)溶融石英ガラスを用いたソーラーセルの解放電圧は30mV、 短絡電流は0.5μAであった。
(3)ソーダ石灰ガラスを用いたソーラーセルの解放電圧は15mV、 短絡電流は0.3μAであった。
(4)無アルカリガラスを用いたソーラーセルの解放電圧は30mV、 短絡電流は0.4μAであった。
(5)ホウケイ酸ガラスを用いたソーラーセルの解放電圧は14mV、 短絡電流は0.3μAであった。
(1)人工水晶を用いたソーラーセルの解放電圧は3mV、短絡電流は0.1μAであった。
(2)溶融石英ガラスを用いたソーラーセルの解放電圧は3mV、短絡電流は0.2μAであった。
(3)ソーダ石灰ガラスを用いたソーラーセルの解放電圧は5mV、短絡電流は0.1μAであった。
(4)無アルカリガラスを用いたソーラーセルの解放電圧は5mV、短絡電流は0.1μAであった。
(5)ホウケイ酸ガラスを用いたソーラーセルの解放電圧は12mV、短絡電流は0.2μAであった。
この表1において上段の数字は透過率を、下段の括弧内の数字は遮断率である。
また、2酸化ケイ素ソーラーセルは800nmの波長の光を84.7%遮断するのに対し、FTOガラスの遮断率は15.7%に過ぎない。
このような赤外光の遮断と、白熱電球による起電を併せ考えると、2酸化ケイ素ソーラーセルは入射した赤外光によっても起電していると考えられる。
このタンデム構成のソーラーセルは、図1に示した従来技術の2酸化チタンソーラーセルと図4に示した先行技術の2酸化ケイ素ソーラーセルを直列に配置して構成したものである。
なお、14は封止材、17は抵抗器等の負荷である。
なお、14は封止材、17は抵抗器等の負荷である。
なお、2酸化ケイ素ソーラーセルを光が入射する側に配置することができることは言うまでもない。
実施例2のタンデム型ソーラーセルは、2酸化チタンを用いたソーラーセルと2酸化ケイ素を用いたソーラーセルを電解質を共通要素として1個の筐体に収納にしたものである。2酸化チタンが起電する紫外光は2酸化ケイ素が遮断・起電する可視光・赤外光と比較してソーラーセル中を透過しにくいため、光が入射する側のガラス基板に2酸化チタン層を配置する。
なお、2酸化ケイ素層18を光入射面側に配置し、2酸化チタン層を光出射側面に配置することができることは言うまでもない。
2枚のガラス基板11,13の間に電解質15が充填されている。
14は封止材、17は外部負荷であり、透明導電膜12,12に接続される。
分子プレカーサー法の場合には機能向上のために、2酸化チタン粒子を別途添加することが望ましい。
1-エチル-3-メチルイミダゾリウムアイオダイド:0.4M
テトラブチルアンモニウムアイオダイド:0.4M
4-t-ブチルピリジン:0.2M
グアニジウムイソチオシアネート:0.1M
をプロピレンカーボネート液として調製。
そのため、電解質を無色透明なものとした場合には、全体の着色は非常に少ない。
図9に示したのは図3に示した従来技術のソーラーセルの対電極を金属板としたソーラーセルである。
2,12 FTO透明導電膜
4,14 封止材
5,15 電解液
6 2酸化チタン膜
8 増感色素添加2酸化チタン多孔質焼結体
18 2酸化ケイ素焼成体
21 金属板
Claims (9)
- 透明導電膜が形成された2枚のガラス基板が各々の透明導電膜を向かい合わせて配置され、
前記ガラス基板の一方に2酸化チタン層が配置され、
前記ガラス基板の他方に2酸化ケイ素層が配置され、
前記2枚のガラス基板の間に電解質が充填されたことを特徴とする、タンデム型ソーラーセル。 - 前記2酸化チタン層に増感色素が吸着されたことを特徴とする、請求項1のタンデム型ソーラーセル。
- 前記2酸化ケイ素層に増感色素が吸着されたことを特徴とする、請求項1のタンデム型ソーラーセル。
- 透明導電膜が形成されたガラス基板の透明導電膜と金属板が向かい合わせて配置され、
前記ガラス基板に2酸化チタン層が配置され、
前記金属板に2酸化ケイ素層が配置され、
前記ガラス基板と金属板の間に電解質が充填されたことを特徴とする、タンデム型ソーラーセル。 - 前記2酸化チタン層に増感色素が吸着されたことを特徴とする、請求項4のタンデム型ソーラーセル。
- 前記2酸化ケイ素層に増感色素が吸着されたことを特徴とする、請求項4のタンデム型ソーラーセル。
- 透明導電膜が形成されたガラス基板の透明導電膜と金属板が向かい合わせて配置され、
前記ガラス基板に2酸化ケイ素層が配置され、
前記金属板に2酸化チタン素層が配置され、
前記ガラス基板と金属板の間に電解質が充填されたことを特徴とする、タンデム型ソーラーセル。 - 前記2酸化チタン層に増感色素が吸着されたことを特徴とする、請求項7のタンデム型ソーラーセル。
- 前記2酸化ケイ素層に増感色素が吸着されたことを特徴とする、請求項7のタンデム型ソーラーセル。
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JP2001243995A (ja) * | 2000-02-29 | 2001-09-07 | Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd | 光電変換素子および光電池 |
JP2002170602A (ja) * | 2000-11-30 | 2002-06-14 | Hitachi Maxell Ltd | 光電変換素子 |
JP2007265775A (ja) * | 2006-03-28 | 2007-10-11 | Nippon Oil Corp | 色素増感型太陽電池 |
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JP2002170602A (ja) * | 2000-11-30 | 2002-06-14 | Hitachi Maxell Ltd | 光電変換素子 |
JP2007265775A (ja) * | 2006-03-28 | 2007-10-11 | Nippon Oil Corp | 色素増感型太陽電池 |
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