WO2012171243A1 - 改性聚酰亚胺耐磨层的三层复合自润滑滑动轴承及其制作方法 - Google Patents

改性聚酰亚胺耐磨层的三层复合自润滑滑动轴承及其制作方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012171243A1
WO2012171243A1 PCT/CN2011/077866 CN2011077866W WO2012171243A1 WO 2012171243 A1 WO2012171243 A1 WO 2012171243A1 CN 2011077866 W CN2011077866 W CN 2011077866W WO 2012171243 A1 WO2012171243 A1 WO 2012171243A1
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Prior art keywords
layer
sliding bearing
modified polyimide
polyimide
self
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2011/077866
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
孙志华
陆忠泉
Original Assignee
浙江长盛滑动轴承股份有限公司
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Application filed by 浙江长盛滑动轴承股份有限公司 filed Critical 浙江长盛滑动轴承股份有限公司
Priority to EP11863708.1A priority Critical patent/EP2568186A4/en
Priority to KR1020147001172A priority patent/KR101538279B1/ko
Priority to JP2014515033A priority patent/JP6123110B2/ja
Priority to US13/695,733 priority patent/US20130108195A1/en
Publication of WO2012171243A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012171243A1/zh

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C17/00—Sliding-contact bearings for exclusively rotary movement
    • F16C17/12—Sliding-contact bearings for exclusively rotary movement characterised by features not related to the direction of the load
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/06—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/28—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising synthetic resins not wholly covered by any one of the sub-groups B32B27/30 - B32B27/42
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/28—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising synthetic resins not wholly covered by any one of the sub-groups B32B27/30 - B32B27/42
    • B32B27/281—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising synthetic resins not wholly covered by any one of the sub-groups B32B27/30 - B32B27/42 comprising polyimides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D179/00—Coating compositions based on macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing nitrogen, with or without oxygen, or carbon only, not provided for in groups C09D161/00 - C09D177/00
    • C09D179/04—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain; Polyhydrazides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
    • C09D179/08—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10M125/10—Metal oxides, hydroxides, carbonates or bicarbonates
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    • F16C33/06—Sliding surface mainly made of metal
    • F16C33/10—Construction relative to lubrication
    • F16C33/1095—Construction relative to lubrication with solids as lubricant, e.g. dry coatings, powder
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    • F16C33/201—Composition of the plastic
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    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
    • F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
    • F16C33/20—Sliding surface consisting mainly of plastics
    • F16C33/203—Multilayer structures, e.g. sleeves comprising a plastic lining
    • F16C33/206—Multilayer structures, e.g. sleeves comprising a plastic lining with three layers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
    • F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
    • F16C33/20—Sliding surface consisting mainly of plastics
    • F16C33/208—Methods of manufacture, e.g. shaping, applying coatings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D2202/00—Metallic substrate
    • B05D2202/10—Metallic substrate based on Fe
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D2350/00—Pretreatment of the substrate
    • B05D2350/60—Adding a layer before coating
    • B05D2350/65—Adding a layer before coating metal layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D2601/00—Inorganic fillers
    • B05D2601/20—Inorganic fillers used for non-pigmentation effect
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    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D5/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures
    • B05D5/08—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures to obtain an anti-friction or anti-adhesive surface
    • B05D5/083—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures to obtain an anti-friction or anti-adhesive surface involving the use of fluoropolymers
    • B05D5/086—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures to obtain an anti-friction or anti-adhesive surface involving the use of fluoropolymers having an anchoring layer
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    • B32B2307/70—Other properties
    • B32B2307/746—Slipping, anti-blocking, low friction
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    • C10M2217/0285—Macromolecular compounds obtained from nitrogen containing monomers by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a nitrogen-containing hetero ring used as base material
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    • C10M2217/0443—Polyamides used as base material
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2223/00—Surface treatments; Hardening; Coating
    • F16C2223/02—Mechanical treatment, e.g. finishing
    • F16C2223/04—Mechanical treatment, e.g. finishing by sizing, by shaping to final size by small plastic deformation, e.g. by calibrating or coining
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2223/00—Surface treatments; Hardening; Coating
    • F16C2223/30—Coating surfaces
    • F16C2223/32—Coating surfaces by attaching pre-existing layers, e.g. resin sheets or foils by adhesion to a substrate; Laminating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2223/00—Surface treatments; Hardening; Coating
    • F16C2223/30—Coating surfaces
    • F16C2223/42—Coating surfaces by spraying the coating material, e.g. plasma spraying
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2240/00—Specified values or numerical ranges of parameters; Relations between them
    • F16C2240/06—Temperature
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2240/00—Specified values or numerical ranges of parameters; Relations between them
    • F16C2240/08—Time

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a sliding bearing, in particular to a three-layer composite self-lubricating sliding bearing with a modified polyimide wear layer on a sliding layer and a manufacturing method thereof.
  • DU bearing which is a sliding bearing with three layers of composite material.
  • the friction layer lining layer is made of a mixture of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and lead (Pb) sintered, which is characterized by low Friction, wear resistance, self-lubrication, the emergence of DU bearings instead of traditional sliding bearings must rely on lubrication, is a revolutionary revolution in the field of sliding bearings, greatly reducing material costs, reducing the size, reducing labor costs and the environment Pollution.
  • DU products continue to be used today, but DU products still have many shortcomings. First, it contains lead.
  • the technical solution is: Using a steel plate as a substrate, a layer of spherical bronze powder is sintered on the working surface of the substrate according to the prior art to form a porous copper powder composite plate, which is characterized by compounding a modified polyetheretherketone on the spherical bronze powder layer.
  • the film is made into a modified polyetheretherketone composite sheet by hot-pressing in a molten state under the molten state of the contact surface, and then the modified polyetheretherketone composite sheet is cut and rolled according to the specifications of the sliding bearing according to a conventional process. Processed into plain bearings.
  • a primary object of the present invention is to disclose a three-layer composite self-lubricating sliding bearing of a modified polyimide wear layer and a method of making the same.
  • the success of this product is a major new improvement and technological improvement of the traditional DU products, not only remove the harmful substances in the DU bearing - but also greatly improve the bearing friction, wear performance, load bearing capacity and high temperature resistance.
  • the price reflects low cost and high output. It shows consistency and stability in product quality, further improvement in performance, and further expansion in application fields.
  • the main material of the wear-resistant layer of the present invention is polyimide (PI), which is a high-heat-resistant polymer material having a molecular weight of more than 100,000, a melting point of 388 ° C, and a glass transition temperature of 337 ° C. After filling and modifying, it can protect better physical and mechanical properties in a wide range of temperature changes from -269 ° C to +400 ° C, and has excellent electrical insulation, wear resistance and high temperature radiation resistance.
  • PI polyimide
  • PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
  • the three-layer composite self-lubricating sliding bearing of the modified polyimide wear-resistant layer of the invention is achieved by the following technical solution: it is a layer of porous spherical bronze powder sintered on one surface of the steel sheet, in the porous spherical bronze powder The layer is covered with a layer of modified polyimide wear-resistant material to form a self-lubricating sliding bearing plate, and then the plate of the self-lubricating sliding bearing is made into a sleeve-shaped sliding bearing or a bearing bush or a thrust washer or A skateboard or an article that rubs a disc or a ball seat structure.
  • the raw materials of the modified polyimide wear-resistant material include: 10 to 30% of polytetrafluoroethylene, 5 to 12% of di-silver, 5 to 12% of graphite, and 5 to 12% of graphite and the balance of polyacyl Imine.
  • the production process of the three-layer composite sliding bearing of the above modified polyimide wear layer includes the following steps:
  • Modified polyimide sintering The coated porous copper powder composite plate is anaerobic sintered under nitrogen protection at 370 ⁇ 385 °C for 25 ⁇ 30 minutes to form a modified polyimide composite sheet;
  • stamping Stamping, rolling, shaping, turning forming, forming a three-layer composite self-lubricating sliding bearing with a modified polyimide wear layer.
  • Polyimide is one of the best heat-resistant varieties in engineering plastics. It has different grades, molecular weights, modified fillers, heat distortion temperature of 360 °C at 1.8 MPa, and some varieties can withstand 290 °C for a long time. It can withstand high temperatures of 490 ° C for a short period of time, and has good mechanical properties, fatigue resistance, flame retardancy, dimensional stability, electrical properties, and low molding shrinkage. It has excellent friction and wear resistance.
  • the polyimide is modified by the solid lubricant of PTFE and bismuth molybdenum and graphite to improve its friction and wear performance.
  • the steel plate provides the mechanical strength of the bearing matrix.
  • the intermediate sintered spherical bronze powder layer provides a medium for bonding the modified polyimide wear-resistant material to the steel sheet, and at the same time, since the copper alloy layer has a high heat transfer coefficient, the friction generated when the bearing works can be well transferred. Heat, the sliding bearing is lead-free in the composition of the porous spherical bronze powder layer and the polyimide-based friction layer.
  • the three-layer composite self-lubricating sliding bearing modified by the above structure and method has excellent rigidity, high strength, high temperature resistance, friction resistance and lead-free performance, and is particularly suitable for heavy load and change.
  • Sliding bearings with high PV values such as high pressure piston oil pumps, large displacement high pressure gear pumps, blade oil pumps, hydraulic motors, scroll compressors, steam turbines, automotive engine tensioners, and aerospace, military and other fields.
  • Lubricating plain bearings the performance is much better than the traditional DU products.
  • the technical indexes such as compressive strength are significantly improved, especially in the production of coiled tape automated production lines and PEEK coated short strips. It has a clearer advantage over its efficiency and manufacturing costs.
  • Figure 1 Cross-sectional view of a three-layer composite self-lubricating sliding bearing of a modified polyimide wear-resistant layer
  • Figure 2 is a flow chart of a three-layer composite self-lubricating sliding bearing made of a modified polyimide wear-resistant layer. Among them: 1. Steel plate; 2. Porous spherical bronze powder layer; 3. Modified polyimide wear layer. detailed description
  • Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view of a sheet of a three-layer composite self-lubricating plain bearing with a modified polyimide wear layer. It can be seen from the figure that it is a layer of porous spherical bronze powder 2 sintered on one surface of the steel plate 1, and a layer of modified polyimide wear-resistant material 3 is coated on the porous spherical bronze powder layer 2.
  • the sheet material of the self-lubricating sliding bearing is formed into a sleeve-like sliding bearing or a bearing bush or a thrust washer or a sliding plate or a friction disc or a ball seat structural member according to a conventional process.
  • the raw materials of the modified polyimide wear-resistant material are included in the weight percentage: polytetrafluoroethylene
  • the weight of the specific raw materials is as follows: Unit: kg
  • Modified polyimide sintering The coated porous copper powder composite plate is anaerobic sintered under nitrogen protection at 370 ⁇ 385 °C for 25 ⁇ 30 minutes to form a modified polyimide composite sheet;
  • Finish rolling The modified polyimide composite sheet after drying and sintering is finish-rolled on a rolling mill, rolled to a predetermined thickness, and made into a self-lubricating sliding bearing sheet;
  • stamping Stamping, rolling, shaping, turning forming, forming a three-layer composite self-lubricating sliding bearing with a modified polyimide wear layer.
  • Example 1 Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2 were subjected to friction and wear performance tests of two different types.
  • Pair of grinding shaft 45# steel, hardness HRC42 - 47;
  • Test ambient temperature 23 °C
  • Load P Start from the initial IMPa, then load 0.8MPa per lOmin; limit temperature rise: 150 °C;
  • Test piece of Example 1 (with modified PI)
  • Pair of grinding shaft 45# steel, hardness HRC42 47;
  • Test ambient temperature 23 °C
  • Test horse full time 8h; The test results are shown in the table below.
  • the comparison of friction and wear properties of PTFE three-layer composite self-lubricating bearings shows unprecedented advantages.
  • the three-layer composite self-lubricating sliding bearing of the modified polyimide wear-resistant layer provided by the present invention and the manufacturing method thereof have been described by way of examples, and those skilled in the relevant art can obviously without departing from the scope, spirit and scope of the present invention.
  • the three-layer composite self-lubricating sliding bearing of the modified polyimide wear-resistant layer described herein and its manufacturing method are modified or appropriately modified and combined to realize the technology of the present invention. It is to be understood that all such alternatives and modifications are obvious to those skilled in the art and are considered to be included in the spirit, scope and content of the invention.

Abstract

公开了一种改性聚酰亚胺耐磨层的三层复合自润滑滑动轴承及其制作方法，在钢板的一个表面上烧结一层多孔球形青铜粉，在多孔球形青铜粉层上覆盖一层改性聚酰亚胺耐磨材料制成自润滑滑动轴承的板材，按常规工艺将自润滑滑动轴承的板材制成轴套状的滑动轴承或轴瓦或止推垫片或滑板或摩擦盘片或球座结构件的制品。生产工艺：改性聚酰亚胺的糊状物制备、铜球粉烧结、准备、涂覆，改性聚酰亚胺烧结、精轧、裁料、成形。该发明适用于重载荷、变载、高PV值的滑动轴承。

Description

改性聚酰亚胺耐磨层的三层复合自润滑滑动轴承及其制作方法 本申请要求于 2011 年 06 月 17 日提交中国专利局、 申请号为 201110166149.3、 发明名称为"改性聚酰亚胺耐磨层的三层复合自润滑滑动轴 承及其制作方法"的中国专利申请的优先权， 其全部内容通过引用结合在本申 请中。 技术领域
本发明涉及的是一种滑动轴承， 尤其是一种在滑动层面带有改性聚酰亚 胺耐磨层的三层复合自润滑滑动轴承及其制作方法。 背景技术
20世纪 70年代英国 Glacier公司问世 DU轴承， 是有三层复合材料卷制 而成的滑动轴承， 在摩擦层衬里层采用聚四氟乙烯（PTFE )和铅（Pb )烧结 的混合物， 其特点是低摩擦、 耐磨损、 自润滑， DU轴承的出现替代了传统 滑动轴承必须依赖加油润滑， 是滑动轴承领域一次颠覆性的革命， 大大降低 了材料成本， 改小了体积， 降低了劳动成本和环境污染。 DU产品一直延续 至今还在用， 但 DU产品还是存在着很多不足之处， 首先它含铅， 其次摩擦 性能、 环境适用性能（耐高温） 受到 PTFE本身物理性能的限止， 在较高的 温度和较高的负载工况下难担重负。 多年来业内对三层复合的滑动轴承创新 的研究没有停止过， 而研究的重点是放在无铅和提高摩擦磨损性能、 高承载 能力及耐高温上。 如已授权的 ZL 2009 10153447公开了一种" PEEK覆膜高 性能滑动轴承及其制造方法"， 具有高 PV值， 抗疲劳性能优良， 耐高温， 耐 磨性能优越的性能， 技术方案是： 它以钢板为基材， 在基材的工作表面按现 有技术烧结一层球形青铜粉层， 制成多孔铜粉复合板材， 其特征是在球形青 铜粉层面上复合一层改性聚醚醚酮薄膜通过热压使接触面的熔融状态下互渗 镶嵌结合制成改性聚醚醚酮复合板材， 再对改性聚醚醚酮复合板材根据滑动 轴承的规格按常规工艺进行裁料、 卷制加工成滑动轴承。 但该轴承还是存在 很多不足： ①制造工艺过于复杂， 要获得高性能滑动轴承第一步是控制好改 性 PEEK薄膜的生产工艺和质量， 保证其性能达到设计要求； 第二步是通过 温度、 压力保证 PEEK薄膜和多孔铜粉复合板材的结合强度。 所以制作成本 大、 产量低、 产品质量成品率较低、 产品的一致性、 稳定性还不够好。 ②性 能上还有提升的空间， 特别是玻璃转化温度只有 143°C , 不能适用在高温度 300 °C工况场合。 发明内容
本发明的主要目的是公开一种改性聚酰亚胺耐磨层的三层复合自润滑滑 动轴承及其制作方法。 这一产品的成功问世是对传统 DU产品新的重大改进 和技术提升， 不但去掉 DU轴承中有害物质—— 同时也大幅度的提升了 轴承的摩擦、 磨损性能、 承载能力和耐高温性能。 对比 PEEK覆膜高性能滑 动轴承在价格上体现了低成本、 高产出， 在产品的质量上体现了一致性、 稳 定性， 在性能上得到进一步改善， 并且在应用领域上得到进一步的扩大。
本发明耐磨层的主体材料是聚酰亚胺（PI )是一种耐热性高的高分子材 料， 分子量在 10万以上， 熔点为 388°C , 玻璃化转变温度为 337°C , 经填充 改性后在 -269°C ~ +400°C的大范围温度变化内能仍保护较好的物理机械性 能， 具有优异的电绝缘性、 耐磨性、 抗高温辐射性能。 当聚酰亚胺（PI )树 脂与石墨或聚四氟乙烯（PTFE )等材料填充后是一种高性能的自润滑材料。
本发明的改性聚酰亚胺耐磨层的三层复合自润滑滑动轴承是通过如下技 术方案来实现的： 它是在钢板的一个表面上烧结一层多孔球形青铜粉， 在多 孔球形青铜粉层上覆盖一层改性聚酰亚胺耐磨材料制成自润滑滑动轴承的板 材， 再按常规工艺将自润滑滑动轴承的板材制成轴套状的滑动轴承或轴瓦或 止推垫片或滑板或摩擦盘片或球座结构件的制品。
所述的改性聚酰亚胺耐磨材料的原料以重量百分比包括有： 聚四氟乙烯 10 ~ 30%、 二石克化 ] 5 ~ 12%、 石墨 5 ~ 12%和余量为聚酰亚胺。
上述改性聚酰亚胺耐磨层的三层复合滑动轴承的生产工艺， 包括有下列 步骤：
( 1 ) 改性聚酰亚胺的糊状物制备：
A. 配料： 按重量比： 聚四氟乙烯 10 ~ 30%, 颗径为 3 ~ 6μηι、 二硫化钼 5 ~ 12%, 颗径为 5 ~ 10μηι、 石墨 5 ~ 12%, 颗径为 5 ~ ΙΟμηι和余量为固含量 15 ~ 30%的聚酰亚胺溶液， 余量值按溶液中的固含量计算。
Β. 混合： 将上述配料中的聚四氟乙烯、 二硫化钼、 石墨均匀混合成混合 物；
C. 糊状物的制备： 在混合物中加入聚酰亚胺溶液一起搅拌均勾， 制成改 性聚酰亚胺的糊状物；
( 2 )铜球粉烧结： 在钢板上均匀铺上球形青铜粉后按现有技术一起烧结成 多孔铜粉复合板；
( 3 )准备： 在使用前将制备好的改性聚酰亚胺的糊状物再次搅拌 lOmin; ( 4 )涂覆： 在预热的多孔铜粉复合板面将制成的改性聚酰亚胺的糊状物 采用刮、 刷、 喷涂的工艺涂覆在多孔铜粉复合板的铜粉面上， 糊状物的厚度一 般 0.08 ~ 0.15mm; 当需要糊状物的厚度达 0.30 ~ 0.60mm时， 采用将制成的改 性聚酰亚胺糊状物经双螺杆挤出机挤出， 连续涂敷在多孔铜粉复合板上并刮 平；
( 5 ) 改性聚酰亚胺烧结： 涂覆后的多孔铜粉复合板再经 370 ~ 385 °C氮 气保护下无氧烧结， 时间 25 ~ 30min, 制成改性聚酰亚胺复合板材；
( 6 )精轧： 对干燥烧结后的改性聚酰亚胺复合板材在轧机上精轧， 轧制 到规定厚度尺寸， 制成自润滑滑动轴承的板材；
( 7 )裁料： 按轴承的规格， 对自润滑滑动轴承的板材下料；
( 8 )成形： 沖压、 卷制、 整形、 车削加工成型， 制成带有改性聚酰亚胺 耐磨层的三层复合自润滑滑动轴承。
聚酰亚胺是目前工程塑料中耐热性最好的品种之一， 有不同牌号、 分 子量、 改性填充物， 1.8MPa下热变形温度 360°C , 有的品种可长期承受 290°C高温短时间承受 490°C的高温， 另外力学性能、 耐疲劳性能、 难燃 性、 尺寸稳定性、 电性能都好， 成型收缩率小。 有优良的耐摩擦、 磨耗 性能， 聚酰亚胺通过与 PTFE二直化钼、 石墨的固体润滑剂填充改性后， 更 提高了它的摩擦磨损性能， 而钢板提供了轴承基体的机械强度， 中间烧结的 球形青铜粉层则提供改性聚酰亚胺耐磨材料与钢板间结合的媒介， 同时由于 铜合金层具有较高的热传导系数， 因为可以很好转移轴承工作时产生的摩擦 热量， 该滑动轴承在于所述的多孔球形青铜粉层和以聚酰亚胺为主的摩擦层 的配料中均无铅。
按照上述结构和方法制造的改性聚酰亚胺耐磨层的三层复合自润滑滑动 轴承具有刚度好、 强度高、 耐高温、 耐摩擦、 无铅的优良性能， 特别适用于 重载荷、 变载、 高 PV值的滑动轴承， 如高压柱塞油泵、 大排量高压齿轮油 泵、 叶片油泵、 液压马达、 涡旋压缩机、 汽轮机、 汽车发动机涨紧轮以及航 天航空、 军工等领域所用的自润滑滑动轴承， 性能远优于传统的 DU产品， 对比 PEEK覆膜高性能滑动轴承在抗压强度等技术指标都有显著提高， 特别 是在卷带自动化生产线与 PEEK覆膜短条状板材生产相比其效率和制造成本 有更明显的优势。 附图说明
图 1、 改性聚酰亚胺耐磨层的三层复合自润滑滑动轴承的板材剖面图； 图 2、 是制作改性聚酰亚胺耐磨层三层复合自润滑滑动轴承的流程图。 其中： 1. 钢板； 2. 多孔球形青铜粉层； 3.改性聚酰亚胺耐磨层。 具体实施方式
为了进一步了解本发明， 下面结合实施例对本发明优选实施方案进行描 述， 但是应当理解， 这些描述只是为进一步说明本发明的特征和优点， 而不是 对本发明权利要求的限制。 下面通过附图和具体实施方式对本发明作进一步描述：
图 1是带有改性聚酰亚胺耐磨层的三层复合自润滑滑动轴承的板材剖面 图。 从图中可以看出， 它是在钢板 1的一个表面上烧结一层多孔球形青铜粉 层 2,在多孔球形青铜粉层 2上覆盖一层改性聚酰亚胺耐磨材料层 3 , 制成自 润滑滑动轴承的板材， 再按常规工艺将自润滑滑动轴承的板材制成轴套状的 滑动轴承或轴瓦或止推垫片或滑板或摩擦盘片或球座结构件的制品。
所述的改性聚酰亚胺耐磨材料的原料以重量百分比包括有： 聚四氟乙烯
10 ~ 30%、 二石克化 ] 5 ~ 12%、 石墨 5 ~ 12%和余量为聚酰亚胺。 上述改性聚酰亚胺耐磨层的三层复合自润滑滑动轴承的生产工艺如图 2 所示的流程图， 它有下列步骤：
( 1 ) 改性聚酰亚胺的糊状物制备：
A. 配料： 按重量比： 聚四氟乙烯 10 ~ 30%, 颗径为 3 ~ 6μηι、 二硫化钼 5 ~ 12%, 颗径为 5 ~ 10μηι、 石墨 5 ~ 12%, 颗径为 5 ~ ΙΟμηι和余量为固含量 15%的聚酰亚胺溶液， 余量值按溶液中的固含量计算； 该聚酰亚胺溶液在市 场上可直接购得。
具体原料重量份按下表 单位： 公斤
Figure imgf000007_0001
后续工艺除原料的配比按上表外， 其余均按以下方法生产:
Β. 混合： 将上述配料中的聚四氟乙烯、 二硫化钼、 石墨均匀混合成混合 物；
C. 糊状物的制备： 在混合物中加入聚酰亚胺溶液一起搅拌均勾， 制成改 性聚酰亚胺的糊状物；
( 2 )铜球粉烧结： 在钢板上均匀铺上球形青铜粉后按现有技术一起烧结成 多孔铜粉复合板；
( 3 )准备： 在使用前将制备好的改性聚酰亚胺的糊状物再次搅拌 lOmin; ( 4 )涂覆： 在预热的多孔铜粉复合板面将制成的改性聚酰亚胺的糊状物 采用刮、 刷、 喷涂的工艺涂覆在多孔铜粉复合板的铜粉面上， 糊状物的厚度一 般 0.08 ~ 0.15mm; 当需要糊状物的厚度达 0.30 ~ 0.60mm时， 采用将制成的改 性聚酰亚胺糊状物经双螺杆挤出机挤出， 连续涂敷在多孔铜粉复合板上并刮 平；
( 5 ) 改性聚酰亚胺烧结： 涂覆后的多孔铜粉复合板再经 370 ~ 385 °C氮 气保护下无氧烧结， 时间 25 ~ 30min, 制成改性聚酰亚胺复合板材； ( 6 )精轧： 对干燥烧结后的改性聚酰亚胺复合板材在轧机上精轧， 轧制 到规定厚度尺寸， 制成自润滑滑动轴承的板材；
( 7 )裁料： 按轴承的规格， 对自润滑滑动轴承的板材下料；
( 8 )成形： 沖压、 卷制、 整形、 车削加工成型， 制成带有改性聚酰亚胺 耐磨层的三层复合自润滑滑动轴承。
为了进一步了解轴承的工作表面用改性聚酰亚胺和现有的改性聚醚醚 酮、 四氟乙烯的摩擦、 磨损性能， 以下分别制作三种不同的滑动轴承， 即分 别为实施例 1、比较例 1、比较例 2进行二种不同型式的摩擦、磨损性能试验。
(一 )干摩擦试验
实验设备： MPV-20摩擦磨损试验机
试件尺寸： Φ39χΦ35χ20
测试条件： 干摩擦；
对磨轴： 45#钢， 硬度 HRC42 - 47;
测试环境温度： 23 °C ;
速度 V： 0.5m/s;
载荷 P: 从初始 IMPa起步， 然后每 lOmin加载 0.8MPa; 极限温升： 150°C ;
试马全时间： lOOmin;
实施例 1的试件 （用改性 PI )
^^标 载荷（P ) 速度（V ) 摩擦系数
PV值
时间 MPa m/s °c ( μ )
10.00 0.997 0.51 0.5 32.5 0.202
20.00 1.785 0.51 0.9 45.2 0.146
30.00 2.612 0.51 1.3 58.1 0.115
40.00 3.417 0.51 1.7 69.6 0.098
50.00 4.155 0.51 2.1 79.6 0.089
60.00 5.044 0.51 2.6 89.7 0.086
70.00 5.792 0.51 2.9 101.2 0.086
80.00 6.515 0.50 3.3 111.6 0.078
90.00 7.449 0.50 3.8 120.6 0.077 100.00 8.226 0.50 4.1 130.0 0.074 最终 PV值： 4.07 最终温度： 130°C 最终磨损量： 0.014mm 平均摩 擦系数： 0.105
比较例 1 (用 PEEK )
Figure imgf000009_0001
最终 PV值： 3.05 最终温度： 152 °C 最终磨损量： 0.050mm 平均摩擦系数： 0.202 试验时间： 70min (因温度已超过极限值， 试验终止） 小结： 干摩擦试验， 实施例 1与比较例 1的对比中可以看出， 在同等的 测试条件下， 实施例 1成功通过了 lOOmin试验； 而比较例 1 , 当试验 70min 时， 因温升达到 152°C , 超过了温度 150°C的极限值， 试验终止。 从最终试验 结果来看， 无论是最终 PV值， 还是最终温度， 最终磨损量， 平均摩擦系数， 实施例 1性能远优于比较例 1。
(二）油润滑试验
实验设备： MPV-20摩擦磨损试验机
试件尺寸： Φ39χΦ35χ20
测试条件： 浸油润滑： 32#机油；
对磨轴： 45#钢， 硬度 HRC42 47;
测试环境温度： 23 °C ;
速度 V： 5m/s;
载荷 P: 23MPa;
试马全时间： 8h; 试验结果见下表。
Figure imgf000010_0001
小结： 上述对三种滑动轴承浸油润滑的摩擦磨损性能比较， 可以得出： 本发明改性聚酰亚胺耐磨层的三层复合滑动轴承制作的（实施例 1 )与 PEEK 覆膜高性能滑动轴承制作的 （比较例 1 ) 比较， 在以上试验工况下， 试验结 果： 磨损量、 温升实施例 1明显优于比较例 1。 对于用以聚四氟乙烯为主传 统 DU产品制作的 （比较例 1 ), 当试验时间只过 12min, 在加载阶段载荷只 到 15MPa, 温升就达 180°C , 摩擦面被咬合脱落而试验失败， 从测试结果无 法与实施例 1和比较例 1比对。
以上干摩擦与浸油润滑二项摩擦磨损性能试验表明:本发明提供的改性 聚酰亚胺耐磨层的三层复合自润滑轴承与 PEEK覆膜高性能滑动轴承及
PTFE三层复合自润滑轴承摩擦磨损性能对比展示出前所未有的优越性。 本发明提出的改性聚酰亚胺耐磨层的三层复合自润滑滑动轴承及其制作 方法已通过实施例进行了描述，相关技术人员明显能在不脱离本发明内容、精 神和范围内对本文所述的改性聚酰亚胺耐磨层的三层复合自润滑滑动轴承及 其制作方法进行改动或适当变更与组合， 来实现本发明技术。特别需要指出的 是， 所有相类似的替换和改动对本领域技术人员来说是显而易见的， 它们都被 视为包括在本发明的精神、 范围和内容中。

Claims

权 利 要 求
1、 改性聚酰亚胺耐磨层的三层复合自润滑滑动轴承， 它是在钢板的一个 表面上烧结一层多孔球形青铜粉，其特征是在多孔球形青铜粉层上覆盖一层改 性聚酰亚胺耐磨材料制成自润滑滑动轴承的板材，再按常规工艺将自润滑滑动 轴承的板材制成轴套状的滑动轴承或轴瓦或止推垫片或滑板或摩擦盘片或球 座结构件的制品。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的带有改性聚酰亚胺耐磨层的三层复合自润滑滑 动轴承， 其特征在于所述的改性聚酰亚胺耐磨材料的原料以重量百分比包括 有： 聚四氟乙烯 10 ~ 30%、 二硫化钼 5 ~ 12%、 石墨 5 ~ 12%和余量为聚酰亚 胺。
3、 根据权利要求 2所述的带有改性聚酰亚胺耐磨层的三层复合自润滑滑 动轴承， 其特征在于， 所述聚四氟乙烯颗径为 3 ~ 6μηι; 所述二硫化钼颗径为 5 ~ ΙΟμηι; 所述石墨颗径为 5 ~ ΙΟμηι,所述聚酰亚胺为固含量 15 ~ 30%的聚酰 亚胺溶液。
4、 制造如权利要求 1或 2或 3所述的带有改性聚酰亚胺耐磨层的三层复 合自润滑滑动轴承的生产工艺， 其特征依次包括有下列步骤：
( 1 ) 改性聚酰亚胺的糊状物制备：
Α. 配料： 按重量比： 聚四氟乙烯 10 ~ 30%, 二硫化相 5 ~ 12%, 石墨 5 ~ 12%, 和余量为聚酰亚胺， 余量值按溶液中的固含量计算。
Β. 混合： 将上述配料中的聚四氟乙烯、 二硫化钼、 石墨均匀混合成混合 物；
C. 糊状物的制备： 在混合物中加入聚酰亚胺溶液一起搅拌均勾， 制成改 性聚酰亚胺的糊状物；
( 2 )铜球粉烧结： 在钢板上均匀铺上球形青铜粉后按现有技术一起烧结 成多孔铜粉复合板；
( 3 )准备： 在使用前将制备好的改性聚酰亚胺的糊状物再次搅拌 lOmin; ( 4 )涂覆： 在预热的多孔铜粉复合板面将制成的改性聚酰亚胺的糊状物 采用刮、刷、 喷涂的工艺涂覆在多孔铜粉复合板的铜粉面上， 糊状物的厚度一 般 0.08 ~ 0.15mm; 当需要糊状物的厚度达 0.30 ~ 0.60mm时， 采用将制成的改 性聚酰亚胺糊状物经双螺杆挤出机挤出， 连续涂敷在多孔铜粉复合板上并刮 平；
(5)改性聚酰亚胺烧结： 涂覆后的多孔铜粉复合板再经 370 ~385°C氮气 保护下无氧烧结， 时间 25~30min, 制成改性聚酰亚胺复合板材；
(6)精轧： 对干燥烧结后的改性聚酰亚胺复合板材在轧机上精轧， 轧制 到规定厚度尺寸， 制成自润滑滑动轴承的板材；
(7)裁料： 按轴承的规格， 对自润滑滑动轴承的板材下料；
(8)成形： 沖压、 卷制、 整形、 车削加工成型， 制成带有改性聚酰亚胺 耐磨层的三层复合自润滑滑动轴承。
5、 根据权利要求 4所述的的生产工艺， 其特征在于， 步骤（1 )所述聚四 氟乙烯颗径为 3 ~ 6μηι; 所述二硫化钼颗径为 5 ~ ΙΟμηι; 所述石墨颗径为 5 ~ ΙΟμηι, 所述聚酰亚胺为固含量 15 ~ 30%的聚酰亚胺溶液。
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US20130108195A1 (en) 2013-05-02
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