CN111822719A - 一种新型粉末冶金制作工艺 - Google Patents

一种新型粉末冶金制作工艺 Download PDF

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CN111822719A
CN111822719A CN202010726163.3A CN202010726163A CN111822719A CN 111822719 A CN111822719 A CN 111822719A CN 202010726163 A CN202010726163 A CN 202010726163A CN 111822719 A CN111822719 A CN 111822719A
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sintering
manufacturing process
powder metallurgy
steel plate
oil
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郑杰
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Hangzhou Fuyang Hengshan Composite Material Co ltd
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Hangzhou Fuyang Hengshan Composite Material Co ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F7/00—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression
    • B22F7/02—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite layers
    • B22F7/04—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite layers with one or more layers not made from powder, e.g. made from solid metal
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/10—Sintering only
    • B22F3/1017—Multiple heating or additional steps
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/18—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces by using pressure rollers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/24—After-treatment of workpieces or articles
    • B22F3/26—Impregnating
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M161/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of a macromolecular compound and a non-macromolecular compound, each of these compounds being essential
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F7/00—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression
    • B22F7/02—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite layers
    • B22F7/04—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite layers with one or more layers not made from powder, e.g. made from solid metal
    • B22F2007/042—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite layers with one or more layers not made from powder, e.g. made from solid metal characterised by the layer forming method
    • B22F2007/045—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite layers with one or more layers not made from powder, e.g. made from solid metal characterised by the layer forming method accompanied by fusion or impregnation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2201/04—Elements
    • C10M2201/041—Carbon; Graphite; Carbon black
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2201/04—Elements
    • C10M2201/05—Metals; Alloys
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2201/06—Metal compounds
    • C10M2201/065—Sulfides; Selenides; Tellurides
    • C10M2201/066—Molybdenum sulfide
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2213/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing halogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2213/06—Perfluoro polymers
    • C10M2213/062—Polytetrafluoroethylene [PTFE]

Abstract

本发明公开了一种新型粉末冶金制作工艺，包括以下步骤：（1）下料和切割；（2）电镀；（3）防锈；（4）铺粉；（5）一次烧结；（6）刷料；（7）二次烧结；（8）压轧；（9）机械加工；（10）出厂检验；（11）防锈处理，通过以上步骤能有效的增加成型件的自润滑性能，提高成型件的使用寿命。

Description

一种新型粉末冶金制作工艺
技术领域
本发明涉及粉末冶金技术领域，特别涉及一种新型粉末冶金制作工艺。
背景技术
粉末冶金是制取金属粉末或用金属粉末(或金属粉末与非金属粉末的混合物)作为原料，经过成形和烧结，制造金属材料、复合材料以及各种类型制品的工艺技术。粉末冶金法与生产陶瓷有相似的地方，均属于粉末烧结技术，因此，一系列粉末冶金新技术也可用于陶瓷材料的制备。由于粉末冶金技术的优点，它已成为解决新材料问题的钥匙，在新材料的发展中起着举足轻重的作用。粉末冶金包括制粉和制品。其中制粉主要是冶金过程，和字面吻合。而粉末冶金制品则常远远超出材料和冶金的范畴，往往是跨多学科(材料和冶金，机械和力学等)的技术。
如中国专利公开号为CN101249564A的发明专利公开了一种粉末冶金工艺，包括压制步骤、烧结步骤、浸油步骤、精整步骤、蒸汽处理步骤。
但是上述方案中制造的成型件本身并不具有自润滑能力，只能通过油来进行润滑，将这些成型件放置到一些机器内部时，会很难将油涂抹到成型件上，造成成型件使用寿命短暂。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种新型粉末冶金制作工艺，具有使粉末冶金成型件自润滑的优点。
本发明的上述技术目的是通过以下技术方案得以实现的：
一种新型粉末冶金制作工艺，包括以下步骤：
（1）下料和切割：从原料中挑选出完整的钢板，根据尺寸要求，通过激光切割机将钢板切到指定尺寸；
（2）电镀：通过电镀设备对切割好后的钢板进行电镀；
（3）防锈：将防锈油与机械油按一定比例混合，然后将电镀后的钢板浸入到混合油中，浸入时间为1~2小时；
（4）铺粉：通过特定夹具将钢板固定，将铜粉均匀的洒到钢板上，通过平板将多余的铜粉刮除；
（5）一次烧结：将夹具和钢板放入到推舟炉内，在推舟炉内进行第一次烧结，烧结时间为0.5~1小时，烧结温度为850~880℃；
（6）刷料：对烧结好后的成型件上刷上固体自润滑材料；
（7）二次烧结：将刷好的成型件放入固化炉内，在固化炉内进行第二次烧结，烧结时间为0.3~0.5小时，烧结时间为350~380℃；
（8）压轧：将二次烧结好后的成型件放置到双辊精轧机上，双辊精轧机对成型件进行压制，直至成型件的密度到指定数值；
（9）机械加工：通过钻孔机对成型件进行打孔，通过铣床对成型件进行精铣；
（10）出厂检验：通过摩擦系数试验机检验成型件的摩擦系数，通过布拉硬度机检验成型件的硬度，通过拉力试验机检验成型件的抗拉强度；
（11）防锈处理：将防锈油与机械油按一定比例混合，将成型件浸入混合油中，浸泡时间0.5~1小时，最后取出包装好。
作为优选，所述步骤（5）中所述烧结时间为0.7小时，所述烧结温度为860℃。
作为优选，所述步骤（6）中所述固体自润滑材料包括25%PTEE、62%石墨和13%二硫化钼。
作为优选，所述步骤（7）中所述烧结时间为0.4小时，所述烧结温度为370℃。
作为优选，所述步骤（8）中所述双辊精轧机的型号为SCX-300-870B。
作为优选，所述步骤（8）中所述指定数值为7.5±0.2g/m3。
作为优选，所述步骤（3）中所述防锈油与机械油的比例为3:1。
作为优选，所述步骤（10）中所述摩擦系数规定值为0.15±0.01，所述硬度规定值为30±0.5HB，所述抗拉强度规定值为315±1.5N/mm2。
本发明的有益效果：本发明中加入的固体自润滑材料，使得成型件具有自润滑特性；防锈油和机械油混合，更有效的对成型件进行防锈；将成型件压轧到一定的密度，增强了成型件机械强度；通过向钢板上加入铜粉，降低的成本，提高了使用寿命。
具体实施方式
以下所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式，保护范围并不仅局限于该实施例，凡属于本发明思路下的技术方案应当属于本发明的保护范围。同时应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员而言，在不脱离本发明原理前提下的若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。
一种新型粉末冶金制作工艺，包括以下步骤：
（1）下料和切割：从原料中挑选出完整的钢板，根据尺寸要求，通过激光切割机将钢板切到指定尺寸；
（2）电镀：通过电镀设备对切割好后的钢板进行电镀；
（3）防锈：将防锈油与机械油按3:1的比例混合，然后将电镀后的钢板浸入到混合油中，浸入时间为1~2小时；
（4）铺粉：通过特定夹具将钢板固定，将铜粉均匀的洒到钢板上，通过平板将多余的铜粉刮除；
（5）一次烧结：将夹具和钢板放入到推舟炉内，在推舟炉内进行第一次烧结，烧结时间为0.7小时，烧结温度为860℃；
（6）刷料：对烧结好后的成型件上刷上固体自润滑材料，固体自润滑材料包括25%PTEE、62%石墨和13%二硫化钼；
（7）二次烧结：将刷好的成型件放入固化炉内，在固化炉内进行第二次烧结，烧结时间为0.4小时，烧结时间为370℃；
（8）压轧：将二次烧结好后的成型件放置到型号为SCX-300-870B双辊精轧机上，型号为SCX-300-870B双辊精轧机对成型件进行压制，直至成型件的密度到7.5±0.2g/m3；
（9）机械加工：通过钻孔机对成型件进行打孔，通过铣床对成型件进行精铣；
（10）出厂检验：通过摩擦系数试验机检验成型件的摩擦系数，通过布拉硬度机检验成型件的硬度，通过拉力试验机检验成型件的抗拉强度，摩擦系数规定值为0.15±0.01，硬度规定值为30±0.5HB，抗拉强度规定值为315±1.5N/mm2；
（11）防锈处理：将防锈油与机械油按3:1的比例混合，将成型件浸入混合油中，浸泡时间0.5~1小时，最后取出包装好。

Claims (8)

1.一种新型粉末冶金制作工艺，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
（1）下料和切割：从原料中挑选出完整的钢板，根据尺寸要求，通过激光切割机将钢板切到指定尺寸；
（2）电镀：通过电镀设备对切割好后的钢板进行电镀；
（3）防锈：将防锈油与机械油按一定比例混合，然后将电镀后的钢板浸入到混合油中，浸入时间为1~2小时；
（4）铺粉：通过特定夹具将钢板固定，将铜粉均匀的洒到钢板上，通过平板将多余的铜粉刮除；
（5）一次烧结：将夹具和钢板放入到推舟炉内，在推舟炉内进行第一次烧结，烧结时间为0.5~1小时，烧结温度为850~880℃；
（6）刷料：对烧结好后的成型件上刷上固体自润滑材料；
（7）二次烧结：将刷好的成型件放入固化炉内，在固化炉内进行第二次烧结，烧结时间为0.3~0.5小时，烧结时间为350~380℃；
（8）压轧：将二次烧结好后的成型件放置到双辊精轧机上，双辊精轧机对成型件进行压制，直至成型件的密度到指定数值；
（9）机械加工：通过钻孔机对成型件进行打孔，通过铣床对成型件进行精铣；
（10）出厂检验：通过摩擦系数试验机检验成型件的摩擦系数，通过布拉硬度机检验成型件的硬度，通过拉力试验机检验成型件的抗拉强度；
（11）防锈处理：将防锈油与机械油按一定比例混合，将成型件浸入混合油中，浸泡时间0.5~1小时，最后取出包装好。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种新型粉末冶金制作工艺，其特征在于，所述步骤（5）中所述烧结时间为0.7小时，所述烧结温度为860℃。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种新型粉末冶金制作工艺，其特征在于，所述步骤（6）中所述固体自润滑材料包括25%PTEE、62%石墨和13%二硫化钼。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种新型粉末冶金制作工艺，其特征在于，所述步骤（7）中所述烧结时间为0.4小时，所述烧结温度为370℃。
5.根据权利要求4所述的一种新型粉末冶金制作工艺，其特征在于，所述步骤（8）中所述双辊精轧机的型号为SCX-300-870B。
6.根据权利要求5所述的一种新型粉末冶金制作工艺，其特征在于，所述步骤（8）中所述指定数值为7.5±0.2g/m3。
7.根据权利要求6所述的一种新型粉末冶金制作工艺，其特征在于，所述步骤（3）中所述防锈油与机械油的比例为3:1。
8.根据权利要求7所述的一种新型粉末冶金制作工艺，其特征在于，所述步骤（10）中所述摩擦系数规定值为0.15±0.01，所述硬度规定值为30±0.5HB，所述抗拉强度规定值为315±1.5N/mm2。
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