WO2012161226A1 - Pivka-ii測定試薬における非特異反応の抑制方法 - Google Patents
Pivka-ii測定試薬における非特異反応の抑制方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012161226A1 WO2012161226A1 PCT/JP2012/063220 JP2012063220W WO2012161226A1 WO 2012161226 A1 WO2012161226 A1 WO 2012161226A1 JP 2012063220 W JP2012063220 W JP 2012063220W WO 2012161226 A1 WO2012161226 A1 WO 2012161226A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/53—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/53—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor
- G01N33/536—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor with immune complex formed in liquid phase
- G01N33/537—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor with immune complex formed in liquid phase with separation of immune complex from unbound antigen or antibody
- G01N33/539—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor with immune complex formed in liquid phase with separation of immune complex from unbound antigen or antibody involving precipitating reagent, e.g. ammonium sulfate
- G01N33/541—Double or second antibody, i.e. precipitating antibody
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/53—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor
- G01N33/536—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor with immune complex formed in liquid phase
- G01N33/542—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor with immune complex formed in liquid phase with steric inhibition or signal modification, e.g. fluorescent quenching
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/53—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor
- G01N33/543—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor with an insoluble carrier for immobilising immunochemicals
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/82—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving vitamins or their receptors
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/86—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving blood coagulating time or factors, or their receptors
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an immunological assay for PIVKA-II, a reagent for PIVKA-II measurement, and a kit for PIVKA-II measurement.
- PIVKA-II is a protein that does not have clotting factor activity among prothrombin, which is a blood coagulation factor II, and is also called abnormal prothrombin.
- Prothrombin is synthesized in the liver and requires conversion of a glutamic acid (Glu) residue to a ⁇ -carboxyglutamic acid (Gla) residue by a vitamin K-dependent ⁇ -glutamyl carboxylase in the production process.
- Glu glutamic acid
- Ga ⁇ -carboxyglutamic acid
- PIVKA-II was initially found in the blood of patients receiving vitamin K deficiency or vitamin K antagonists.
- PIVKA-II is an abbreviation for protein induced by Vitamin K absence or antagonists-II and is also called des- ⁇ -carboxy prothrombin (DCP).
- DCP des- ⁇ -carboxy prothrombin
- Non-Patent Document 1 A method for separating prothrombin and PIVKA-II by polyacrylamide gel affinity electrophoresis using calcium lactate (Non-Patent Document 1), an ELISA-based method using an antibody that specifically reacts with PIVKA-II (DCP) A method (Non-Patent Document 2) is known.
- Non-Patent Document 1 calcium lactate is used for electrophoresis. This differs in the electrophoretic mobility between normal prothrombin and PIVKA-II depending on the presence or absence of calcium binding ability of the Gla residue. It is intended to generate and separate the two.
- Non-Patent Document 2 PIVKA-II is measured using an antibody (C4B6) that specifically binds to PIVKA-II only in the presence of calcium ions.
- C4B6 antibody has been reported as an anti-PIVKA-II antibody that requires the presence of calcium ions to specifically measure PIVKA-II. That is, in order to use an antibody that specifically reacts with PIVKA-II (DCP) for the measurement method of PIVKA-II, it is usually unnecessary to add calcium.
- DCP PIVKA-II
- EIA enzyme-linked immunoassay
- This ELISA-based method does not use calcium in the measurement methods of Japanese Patent Publication No. 5-43357, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 9-43237, and International Publication No. 2010/104815, and generally PIVKA- It is thought that calcium ions are not necessary for the measurement of II.
- Patent Document 1 is an example of measuring PIVKA-II using aggregation of carrier particles.
- the outline of the technique of Patent Document 1 is as follows. First, a sample is added to magnetic particles carrying a PIVKA-II specific antibody, and PIVKA-II in the sample is bound to the antibody. At this time, normal prothrombin in the sample is not bound to the magnetic particles. The magnetic particles are washed while trapped with a magnet to remove normal prothrombin. Next, fluorescently labeled particles carrying an anti-prothrombin antibody that reacts with both PIVKA-II and normal prothrombin are added to the magnetic particles.
- Patent Document 2 A homogeneous system that does not require a B / F separation / washing process, and the basic technique of the latex agglutination test based on the detection principle of optically measuring the agglomeration of carrier particles itself is described in Patent Document 2.
- the example is, "When two different monoclonal antibodies against human CEA are loaded on two latex particles, reacted with human CEA in an aqueous solvent, and the aggregate of latex particles and human CEA is selectively aggregated, Highly sensitive immunity characterized by using two types of latex particles with an average particle size in the range of 0.05 to 0.500 ⁇ m as latex particles and different average particle sizes, and carrying each monoclonal antibody on these latex particles. "Measurement method" is taught.
- JP2003-75438 JP 2003-75438 A
- JP 10-123137 A JP 10-123137 A
- JP-B-5-43357 JP 5-43357 B
- Patent Document 2 the technique taught in Patent Document 2 is very excellent. Using this technique, human CEA in a sample can be directly measured by adding the sample to two types of latex particles carrying two different monoclonal antibodies against human CEA and directly measuring the absorbance change associated with the aggregation of latex particles. The concentration can be measured.
- the inventors of the present invention have attempted to develop a simple and reliable method for measuring PIVKA-II based on the agglomeration test of carrier particles based on the technique of Patent Document 2.
- immunoassay methods such as latex immunoagglutination, nonspecific reactions due to interference with rheumatoid factors and heterophilic antibodies (anti-mouse immunoglobulin antibodies: HAMA, anti-goat immunoglobulin antibodies: HAGA, etc.), depending on the sample to be measured Is known to be a problem.
- an immune reaction is performed with a method of removing the Fc portion of the antibody to be bound to latex particles, an anti-HAMA agent (Heteroblock: OMEGA manufactured by Biologocals, HBR: Scantibodies Lab), or the like. Methods for adding to the solution are generally known.
- two monoclonal antibodies for measuring PIVKA-II have the property that one monoclonal antibody specifically binds to PIVKA-II, and the other monoclonal antibody is In the agglutination test using two types of latex particles each carrying a property that specifically binds to prothrombin (normal prothrombin and PIVKA-II), the above-mentioned antibody Fc site removal and use of anti-HAMA agents It became clear that non-specific aggregation that could not be suppressed occurred.
- the problem to be solved by the present invention is to suppress nonspecific agglutination in an agglutination test using two types of monoclonal antibodies for measuring PIVKA-II and two types of carrier particles carrying them. It is to be.
- the present inventors have the property that one monoclonal antibody specifically binds to PIVKA-II as two monoclonal antibodies for measuring PIVKA-II, and the other monoclonal antibody is specific to prothrombin.
- an agglutination test using two types of carrier particles each having a property of binding to a non-specific agglutination reaction it was found that a non-specific agglutination reaction can be suppressed by adding a divalent metal ion to the reaction solution.
- a method for measuring the concentration of PIVKA-II in a biological sample comprising the following steps: Contacting the biological sample with the first carrier particles having the first monoclonal antibody immobilized thereon and the second carrier particles having the second monoclonal antibody immobilized thereon in the presence of a divalent metal ion; And optically measuring the aggregation of the first carrier particles and the second carrier particles,
- one of the first or second monoclonal antibodies is an antibody that specifically binds to PIVKA-II
- the other is an antibody that specifically binds to prothrombin, and both antibodies are Binds to different epitopes
- the divalent metal ion is one or more selected from the group consisting of Be 2+ , Mg 2+ , Ca 2+ , Sr 2+ , Ba 2+ , and Ra 2+ .
- Reagent for measuring PIVKA-II concentration by agglutination including the following components: First carrier particles on which the first monoclonal antibody is immobilized, A second carrier particle having a second monoclonal antibody immobilized thereon, and a divalent metal ion;
- one of the first or second monoclonal antibodies is an antibody that specifically binds to PIVKA-II
- the other is an antibody that specifically binds to prothrombin
- both antibodies are bind to different epitopes
- said divalent metal ions be 2+, Mg 2+, Ca 2+, Sr 2+, Ba 2+, and one or more selected from the group consisting of Ra 2+ Ion.
- Kit for measuring the concentration of PIVKA-II by agglutination including the following components: A first reagent containing a divalent metal ion; and a second reagent comprising a first carrier particle having a first monoclonal antibody immobilized thereon and a second carrier particle having a second monoclonal antibody immobilized thereon;
- one of the first or second monoclonal antibodies is an antibody that specifically binds to PIVKA-II
- the other is an antibody that specifically binds to prothrombin, and both antibodies are Binds to different epitopes
- the divalent metal ion is one or more selected from the group consisting of Be 2+ , Mg 2+ , Ca 2+ , Sr 2+ , Ba 2+ , and Ra 2+ . Ion.
- the kit according to [7] wherein the first carrier particles and
- PIVKA-II can be measured easily and reliably.
- biological sample refers to a biological sample of a mammal, preferably a human.
- the biological sample may be any sample in which prothrombin may be present (for example, a sample derived from a tissue that expresses prothrombin or a body fluid in which prothrombin circulates). Plasma, or lymph is preferred.
- PIVKA-II In the present specification, “PIVKA-II” means a PIVKA-II of a mammal, preferably a human.
- Prothrombin In this specification, both normal and abnormal prothrombin are collectively referred to as “prothrombin”.
- abnormal prothrombin means PIVKA-II
- normal prothrombin means prothrombin other than PIVKA-II
- Monoclonal antibody The term “monoclonal antibody” used in the present specification may be an antibody itself, but may also be a fragment having an activity of binding to an antigen, such as a Fab fragment or F (ab ′) 2 fragment.
- the monoclonal antibody may be obtained by any method other than a classic antibody obtained by immunization of a non-human animal with an antigen, or a antibody obtained by a gene recombination technique or a gene immunization method.
- the antibody may be bound to a known labeling substance such as peroxidase, alkaline phosphatase, biotin, metal colloid, or FITC.
- the “reagent containing an antibody” may contain an appropriate salt, buffer, preservative, surfactant, reducing agent, cryoprotectant and the like.
- the use of two types of monoclonal antibodies is essential, but this is not intended to exclude the use of the third and subsequent types.
- the two types of monoclonal antibodies immobilized on carrier particles are not immobilized on carrier particles and are further formulated in a free state.
- Immobilization In this specification, the term “immobilization” is used in the same meaning as “solid phase” or “sensitization”.
- Carrier particles examples include organic polymer powders, inorganic substance powders, microorganisms, blood cells, and cell debris.
- organic polymer powder examples include natural polymer powders such as insoluble agarose, cellulose and insoluble dextran, polystyrene, styrene-styrene sulfonate copolymer, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer, vinyl chloride-acrylic acid.
- Examples include synthetic polymer powders such as ester copolymers and vinyl acetate-acrylic acid ester copolymers, and latex particles in which synthetic polymer powders are uniformly suspended are particularly preferable.
- divalent metal ion means Be 2+ , Mg 2+ , Ca 2+ , Sr 2+ , Ba 2+ , or Ra 2+ . Among these, Mg 2+ or Ca 2+ is preferable, and Mg 2+ is more preferable.
- the concentrations of Be 2+ , Mg 2+ , Ca 2+ , Sr 2+ , Ba 2+ , or Ra 2+ are preferably 1 to 50 mmol / L, 2 to 50 mmol / L, and 3 to 50 mmol / L, respectively. , 5-50 mmol / L, 7-50 mmol / L, or 10-50 mmol / L, more preferably 2-30 mmol / L, 3-30 mmol / L, 5-30 mmol / L, 7-30 mmol / L, or 10 -30 mmol / L, more preferably 3-20 mmol / L, 5-20 mmol / L, 7-20 mmol / L, or 10-20 mmol / L.
- the divalent metal ion in the present invention is not derived from a biological sample to be measured for PIVKA-II.
- the concentration indicates the concentration at which the carrier particles on which PIVKA-II and the antibody are immobilized undergo an agglutination reaction.
- Divalent metal ions are used as halides such as MgCl 2 and CaCl 2 , inorganic acid salts such as MgSO 4 and CaSO 4 , alkali salts such as Mg (OH) 2 and Ca (OH) 2 , MgC 2 O 4 , And can be easily obtained and used in the form of an organic acid salt such as CaC 2 O 4 .
- contacting carrier particles with a biological sample means mixing them in the form of a solid, an aqueous solution, or a suspension.
- Aggregation means that a plurality of the same or different carrier particles on which an antibody is immobilized are bound to each other through the binding of PIVKA-II and each antibody. Along with this aggregation, the intensity, wavelength, or phase of transmitted light or scattered light changes when light is applied to the suspension containing the carrier particles.
- Optical measurement As a method of optical measurement, a method using a spectrophotometer or a scattering photometer is preferable.
- Aggregation is optically measured: In the specification of the present application, when “aggregation of particles” is optically measured, it means that measurement is performed in a state where aggregation of a plurality of types of particles continues. That is, it does not mean that once the particles are aggregated, one kind of particles is separated from the other particles and optically measured.
- Specific binding to PIVKA-II In the present specification, when an antibody "specifically binds to PIVKA-II", the antibody binds to PIVKA-II and is a substance other than PIVKA-II Means that it does not bind to normal prothrombin.
- prothrombin Specific binding to prothrombin: In the present specification, when an antibody "specifically binds to prothrombin”, the antibody binds to at least one of normal prothrombin or PIVKA-II, and normal prothrombin and PIVKA. Does not bind to substances other than -II. In the above description, “does not bind” does not mean that it does not bind at all, and some non-specific binding occurs as long as it does not cause an error that is not acceptable when measuring the concentration of PIVKA-II. Antibodies that do can also be used in the present invention.
- Bind to different epitopes A plurality of monoclonal antibodies used in the methods, reagents, or kits of the invention ⁇ bind to different epitopes '' means that each antibody recognizes a different site on PIVKA-II. means. This is because the plurality of monoclonal antibodies do not compete with each other upon binding to PIVKA-II.
- Non-specific aggregation In this specification, “non-specific aggregation” or “non-specific aggregation reaction” means an aggregation other than specific aggregation. In reality, it is difficult to directly distinguish the difference between specific aggregation and nonspecific aggregation, and when the measured value is far from the expected value in optical measurement, Satisfactory aggregation "was observed.
- the reagent for measuring the PIVKA-II concentration of the present invention by an agglutination reaction includes the following components.
- Element 1 first carrier particle on which the first monoclonal antibody is immobilized
- Element 2 second carrier particles on which a second monoclonal antibody is immobilized
- Element 3 Divalent metal ion;
- one of the first or second monoclonal antibodies is an antibody that specifically binds to PIVKA-II
- the other is an antibody that specifically binds to prothrombin, and both antibodies are Bind to different epitopes.
- the divalent metal ions Be 2+, Mg 2+, Ca 2+, Sr 2+, Ba 2+, and is one or more ions selected from the group consisting of Ra 2+.
- the reagent for measuring a target substance in a sample by an agglutination reaction using carrier particles on which an antibody is immobilized comprises the above components 1 to 3 as independent constituent reagents, or two or more reagents.
- the constituents can be appropriately combined to form a constituent reagent, and in general, it is often configured in the form of a first reagent and a second reagent.
- a reagent (kit) composed of the first reagent including the element 3 and the second reagent including the element 1 and the element 2 is given. This is suitable for the present invention.
- the case of the above configuration will be further described.
- the first reagent can play a role of adjusting the concentration (dilution) of the target substance or impurities in the reaction system and adjusting the pH and ionic strength during the agglutination reaction.
- the second reagent can play a role of performing an agglutination reaction with the carrier particles on which the antibody is immobilized after the measurement environment is adjusted by the first reagent.
- normally used pH buffer, salt, protein, peptide, surfactant, reaction accelerator as long as the antibody does not interfere with the agglutination reaction by the immobilized carrier particles.
- the first reagent can be called a diluent
- the second reagent can be called a latex reagent.
- the elements 1 to 3 can be appropriately contained in both the first reagent and the second reagent, or only in the second reagent. Those skilled in the art will readily understand that such appropriate modifications are possible.
- the kit for measuring the concentration of PIVKA-II of the present invention by an agglutination reaction includes the following components.
- Element A a first reagent containing a divalent metal ion
- Element B a second reagent comprising a first carrier particle to which the first monoclonal antibody is immobilized and a second carrier particle to which the second monoclonal antibody is immobilized
- Element C A document describing that the concentration of PIVKA-II is measured by combining the first reagent and the second reagent.
- one of the first and second monoclonal antibodies is PIVKA-II.
- the divalent metal ion is one or more ions selected from the group consisting of Be 2+ , Mg 2+ , Ca 2+ , Sr 2+ , Ba 2+ , and Ra 2+ .
- the kit of the present invention refers to the embodiment of the reagent when it is described in element C in a state where it is understood that it is used for the measurement of PIVKA-II in combination of element A and element B, both explicitly and implicitly. ing.
- the element A, the element B and the element C are packed in the same packaging material, or the first reagent and the second reagent are each independently Even when distributed separately, the kit of the present invention can be used as long as the above description is included in element C.
- the document of the element C is not limited to the name or form of an attached document, a pamphlet, a catalog, or the like, and it may be written or recorded on an electronic medium. Further, it may further include a concentration calibration substance (so-called calibrator) for calculating the PIVKA-II concentration in the biological sample, a PIVKA-II concentration-known sample for accuracy control (so-called control), and the like.
- Example 1 of Patent Document 3 the antibody production method described in Example 1 of Patent Document 3 is partially omitted and cited.
- ⁇ BaSO 4 and BaCO 3 were added to the plasma of B-Warfarin at a rate of 100 mg / mL, stirred for 120 minutes to adsorb and remove normal prothrombin, then added to DE-52cellulose for ion exchange, normal prothrombin and PIVKA PIVKA-II was purified by applying to an affinity column using the monoclonal antibody of the common part for both -II, eluting with 4M guanidine hydrochloride, dialyzing and concentrating.
- PIVKA-II 50 ⁇ g was administered into the abdominal cavity of BALB / C mice (female, 4 weeks old) together with the same volume of Freund's complete Ajiyu band, and 2 weeks later, PIVKA-II (15 ⁇ g) was injected into the tail vein.
- PIVKA-II 15 ⁇ g was injected into the tail vein.
- splenocytes were removed and fused with the tumor cell line P3U1.
- Cell fusion was performed by the method of Watanabe et al. Using polyethylene glycol 4000.
- cloning was performed three times by a limiting dilution method using a 96-well microplate.
- the screening of anti-PIVKA-II antibodies produced by hybridomas obtained by immunizing PIVKA-II involves decarboxylation of human prothrombin and ultimately native PIVKA-II. This was done through an assay for cloning the antibody-producing hybridoma used.
- the epitope site of MU-3 antibody has been determined by the detailed study of the binding ability using peptide fragments of various lengths synthesized based on the amino acid sequence of PIVKA-II Gla region. It has been identified and confirmed to be a “decarboxyl peptide site at position 23” (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 7-20127). Therefore, in addition to the native PIVKA-II described in Patent Document 3 and decarboxylated human prothrombin, various lengths synthesized based on the amino acid sequence of the PIVKA-II Gla region described in JP-A-7-20127.
- Anti-PIVKA-II antibodies can be screened by comparing and confirming the binding ability of the antibody to PIVKA-II and substances other than PIVKA-II by combining peptide fragments as appropriate. New anti-PIVKA-II antibodies other than the three antibodies can also be obtained.
- Patent Document 3 Japanese Patent Publication No. 5-43357
- Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 7-20127 is included as a reference.
- anti-PIVKA-II antibodies are known in addition to MU-3.
- Spleen cells obtained from the removed spleen and myeloma cells SP2 / O-Ag14 are mixed at a ratio of 10: 1, and the cells are fused in the presence of 50% by weight polyethylene glycol 1540 (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.). It was.
- the fused cells were suspended as spleen cells in HAT medium at 2.5 ⁇ 10 6 cells / mL, and dispensed in a 96-well culture plate (CORNING) by 0.2 mL. This was cultured at 37 ° C. in a 5 vol% CO 2 incubator.
- the culture supernatant of the well in which the hybridoma had grown was evaluated according to the following ELISA method, and a hybridoma producing an antibody that reacts with PIVKA-II was selected.
- a hybridoma producing an antibody that reacts with PIVKA-II was selected.
- 5 ng of the purified PIVKA-II was immobilized on a microplate (manufactured by NUNC). Each culture supernatant was reacted with this, and then reacted with a peroxidase-labeled anti-mouse IgG goat antibody.
- a peroxidase substrate solution containing orthophenylenediamine manufactured by Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.
- 1.5N sulfuric acid was added to stop color development.
- hybridoma 09 and hybridoma 19 that produced antibodies that specifically react with prothrombin.
- ii) Preparation of monoclonal antibody 24209 monoclonal antibody (24209 antibody) and 24219 monoclonal antibody (24219 antibody) were prepared from hybridoma 09 and hybridoma 19, respectively, by the following method.
- the hybridoma was intraperitoneally administered in a quantity of 0.5 ⁇ 10 6 cells to 12-week-old female BALB / C mice that had been injected intraperitoneally with 0.5 mL of pristane two weeks ago. About 14 days later, ascites was collected and centrifuged to obtain a supernatant.
- the supernatant was mixed with an equal amount of an adsorption buffer (3 mol / L NaCl-1.5 mol / L Glycine-NaOH, pH 8.5) and then filtered.
- the filtrate was passed through a protein A column (HiTrapr Protein A FF, manufactured by GE Healthcare Japan) equilibrated with an adsorption buffer, and the antibody was adsorbed onto the column. Thereafter, the monoclonal antibody was purified by elution with 0.1 mol / L citrate buffer (pH 3.0).
- ⁇ Making latex particles> In a glass reaction vessel (capacity 2 L) equipped with a stirrer, reflux condenser, temperature detector, nitrogen inlet tube and jacket, add 1100 g of distilled water, 200 g of styrene, 0.2 g of sodium styrenesulfonate, and 50 g of distilled water. An aqueous solution in which 1.5 g of potassium sulfate was dissolved was charged, the inside of the container was replaced with nitrogen gas, and polymerization was carried out for 48 hours while stirring at 70 ° C.
- latex particles were taken out. Take latex particles at a magnification of 10,000 using a transmission electron microscope device ("JEM-1010", manufactured by JEOL Ltd.) and analyze the image of 100 or more particles. Thus, the particle diameter was measured. The average particle size was 0.3 ⁇ m.
- latex particles are sometimes referred to as Lx.
- Tris-HCl Tris-HCl buffer
- 24219 antibody-sensitized latex particle solution was prepared by the same method as described above using latex particles having an average particle size of 0.3 ⁇ m and 24219 antibody.
- MU3 antibody-sensitized latex particles A MU3 antibody-sensitized latex particle solution was prepared in the same manner as described above using latex particles having an average particle size of 0.3 ⁇ m and MU3 antibody.
- the first reagent 100 mmol / L Bis-Tris (pH 6.0) solution containing 300 mmol / L sodium chloride, 0.2 wt% BSA, 200 ⁇ g / mL Heteroblock (manufactured by OMEGA Biologocals), and 0.9 wt% polyvinylpyrrolidone K-90 (hereinafter referred to as PVP) was prepared as the first reagent.
- the first reagent may be referred to as R1 for convenience.
- ⁇ Measurement method> The first reagent and the second reagent were combined, and the sample was measured using a Hitachi 7170 automatic analyzer. Specifically, 150 ⁇ L of the first reagent was added to 10 ⁇ L of the sample and stirred, and then kept at 37 ° C. for 5 minutes, and 50 ⁇ L of the second reagent was added and stirred. Absorbance change accompanying the formation of aggregates by the antibody-sensitized latex particles was measured over 5 minutes at a main wavelength of 570 nm and a subwavelength of 800 nm.
- Example 1 Prepare 10 ⁇ L of serum sample containing PIVKA-II at a concentration of 4, 22, 617, 2755, or 6357 mAU / mL and dilute it with 150 ⁇ L of R1 containing calcium ions at a concentration of 0 to 50 mmol / L. Incubated at 5 ° C for 5 minutes. Subsequently, 50 ⁇ L of R2 containing 24219 antibody-sensitized latex particles and MU3 antibody-sensitized latex particles was mixed. Aggregation of antibody-sensitized latex particles was detected by measuring absorbance at a dominant wavelength of 570 nm and a minor wavelength of 800 nm over 5 minutes.
- Plasma samples containing PIVKA-II at a concentration of 27, 1177, 4063, or 6603 mAU / mL were also prepared and the same operation was performed.
- Table 1 shows the compositions of R1 and R2 used in Example 1. Note that the R1 was contained calcium ions by formulating CaCl 2.
- PVP is contained as a sensitivity enhancer for antibody-sensitized latex particles (hereinafter the same).
- the R 2 value (correlation coefficient squared value) representing the correlation between the PIVKA-II concentration and absorbance was about 0.52 in the control in which calcium ion was not added to R1. There was a non-specific agglutination reaction observed. Further, when calcium ions were added 1 mmol / L to R1 is, R 2 value is about 0.54, the improvement of linearity was observed. Surprisingly, when calcium ion was added to R1, 10, 30, or 50 mmol / L, the R 2 value was about 0.97, about 0.95, or about 0.96, respectively, and a significant improvement in linearity was observed. See FIG. 1 above.
- the R 2 value was about 0.94 to about 0.98 regardless of whether calcium ions were added to R1, and no non-specific aggregation reaction was observed.
- Example 2 18 (two duplicate samples; in duplicate), serum samples containing PIVKA-II at a concentration of 1063, 1570, 1729, or 4050 mAU / mL, and 27, 111, 1065, or 2534 mAU / mL A plasma sample containing PIVKA-II at a concentration was prepared, and the same experiment as in Example 1 was performed.
- magnesium ions having a concentration of 10 mmol / L were used instead of calcium ions.
- experiments using calcium ions at a concentration of 10 mmol / L were also conducted.
- R 2 value is approximately 0.54 comparable with Example 1, non-specific agglutination was observed.
- R 2 value is about 0.92, the improvement of linearity observed in Example 1 was reproduced.
- magnesium ion was added to R1 at 10 mmol / L, the R 2 value was about 0.87, and a marked improvement in linearity was observed as in the case of calcium ions. See Figure 2 above.
- R 2 value was about 0.89 in the control in which calcium ion or magnesium ion was not added to R1, but when calcium ion or magnesium ion was added at 10 mmol / L, R 2 The values were about 0.99 or about 1.00, respectively, and an improvement in linearity was observed.
- Table 2 shows the compositions of R1 and R2 used in Example 2.
- Example 3 The effect of the pH of the solution for agglutination of antibody-sensitized latex particles on the present invention was tested when the pH of R1 was changed between pH 6.0 and pH 8.0, and magnesium ions (10 mmol / L) The addition effect of was investigated. In the range of pH 6.0 to pH 8.0, linearity was improved by adding magnesium ion to R1 at any pH. See Figure 3 above. Table 3 shows the compositions of R1 and R2 used in Example 3.
- Example 4 18 (two duplicate samples; in duplicate), serum samples containing PIVKA-II at concentrations of 1063, 1570, 1729, 2905 or 4050 mAU / mL, and 27, 111, 1065, or 2534 mAU / mL A plasma sample containing PIVKA-II at a concentration of 5 was prepared, and the same experiment as in Example 1 was performed. In Example 4, magnesium ions at concentrations of 1, 5, and 10 mmol / L were used instead of calcium ions.
- the immunological assay method of PIVKA-II, the reagent for PIVKA-II measurement, and the kit for PIVKA-II measurement of the present invention can be used for detection of infant vitamin K deficiency and hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Abstract
Description
[1] 以下の工程を含む、生体試料中のPIVKA-IIの濃度を測定する方法:
前記生体試料に、第1のモノクローナル抗体が固定化された第1の担体粒子及び第2のモノクローナル抗体が固定化された第2の担体粒子を、二価金属イオンの存在下で接触させる工程、及び
前記第1の担体粒子と前記第2の担体粒子の凝集を光学的に計測する工程、
ここで、前記第1又は第2のモノクローナル抗体のうち、一方は、PIVKA-IIに特異的に結合する抗体であり、他方は、プロトロンビンに特異的に結合する抗体であり、かつ、両抗体は異なるエピトープに結合する;また、前記二価金属イオンは、Be2+、Mg2+、Ca2+、Sr2+、Ba2+、及びRa2+からなる群から選択される1又は複数のイオンであり、かつ、前記生体試料由来のものではない。
[2] 前記二価金属イオンがMg2+及びCa2+からなる群から選択される1又は複数のイオンである、[1]に記載の方法。
[3] 前記第1又は第2の担体粒子がラテックス粒子である、[1]又は[2]のいずれかに記載の方法。
[4] 前記の接触させる工程及び計測する工程が、同一の反応溶液中又は同一の反応容器中で行われる、[1]に記載の方法。
[5] 以下の構成要素を含む、PIVKA-IIの濃度を凝集反応によって測定するための試薬:
第1のモノクローナル抗体が固定化された第1の担体粒子、
第2のモノクローナル抗体が固定化された第2の担体粒子、及び
二価金属イオン;
ここで、前記第1又は第2のモノクローナル抗体のうち、一方は、PIVKA-IIに特異的に結合する抗体であり、他方は、プロトロンビンに特異的に結合する抗体であり、かつ、両抗体は異なるエピトープに結合する;また、前記二価金属イオンは、Be2+、Mg2+、Ca2+、Sr2+、Ba2+、及びRa2+からなる群から選択される1又は複数のイオンである。
[6] 第1の担体粒子及び第2の担体粒子が、いずれも蛍光性の担体粒子でない、[5]に記載の試薬。
[7] 以下の構成要素を含む、PIVKA-IIの濃度を凝集反応によって測定するためのキット:
二価金属イオンを含む第一試薬、及び
第1のモノクローナル抗体が固定化された第1の担体粒子及び第2のモノクローナル抗体が固定化された第2の担体粒子を含む第二試薬;
ここで、前記第1又は第2のモノクローナル抗体のうち、一方は、PIVKA-IIに特異的に結合する抗体であり、他方は、プロトロンビンに特異的に結合する抗体であり、かつ、両抗体は異なるエピトープに結合する;また、前記二価金属イオンは、Be2+、Mg2+、Ca2+、Sr2+、Ba2+、及びRa2+からなる群から選択される1又は複数のイオンである。
[8] 第1の担体粒子及び第2の担体粒子が、いずれも蛍光性の担体粒子でない、[7]に記載のキット。
PIVKA-II:本願明細書で「PIVKA-II」というときは、哺乳類、好ましくはヒトのPIVKA-IIを意味する。
プロトロンビン:本願明細書においては、正常及び異常プロトロンビンの両者を総称して「プロトロンビン」と呼ぶ。また、本願明細書においては、「異常プロトロンビン」とはPIVKA-IIを意味し、「正常プロトロンビン」とはPIVKA-II以外のプロトロンビンを意味する。
モノクローナル抗体:本願明細書で「モノクローナル抗体」というときは、抗体そのものでも良いが、Fab断片やF(ab')2断片などの抗原への結合活性を有する断片でも良い。前記モノクローナル抗体は、古典的な、抗原の非ヒト動物への免疫により得られるもののほか、遺伝子組み換え技術や遺伝子免疫法等により得られるものなど、その取得方法の如何を問わない。また、抗体はペルオキシダーゼ、アルカリホスファターゼ、ビオチン、金属コロイド、FITCなどの公知の標識物質と結合していてもよい。また、「抗体を含有する試薬」は適当な塩、緩衝剤、保存料、界面活性剤、還元剤、凍結保護物質などを含有していても良い。なお、本発明において、2種類のモノクローナル抗体の使用を必須としているが、これは3種類目以降の使用を排除することを意図していない。さらに、担体粒子に固定化して使用している2種類のモノクローナル抗体を、担体粒子に固定化させず、遊離の状態で、さらに処方することも排除していない。
固定化:本願明細書では、「固定化」という用語は、「固相化」又は「感作」と同様の意味で用いる。
担体粒子:本発明で使用される担体粒子(不溶性担体)としては、例えば、有機高分子粉末、無機物質粉末、微生物、血球及び細胞片等が挙げられる。
上記有機高分子粉末としては、例えば、不溶性アガロース、セルロース、不溶性デキストラン等の天然高分子粉末、ポリスチレン、スチレン-スチレンスルホン酸塩共重合体、アクリロニトリル-ブタジエン-スチレン共重合体、塩化ビニル-アクリル酸エステル共重合体、酢酸ビニル-アクリル酸エステル共重合体等の合成高分子粉末などが挙げられ、特に合成高分子粉末を均一に懸濁させたラテックス粒子が好ましい。
上記無機物質粉末としては、例えば、金、チタン、鉄、ニッケル等の金属片、シリカ、アルミナ、炭素末などが挙げられる。
上記不溶性担体の平均粒径は、0.05~1.0μmのものが通常用いられる。2種類のモノクローナル抗体を担持させる2種の担体粒子の粒径及び材質は、同一であっても、異なっていてもよい。
二価金属イオン:本願明細書で「二価金属イオン」というときは、Be2+、Mg2+、Ca2+、Sr2+、Ba2+、又はRa2+を意味する。これらの中では、Mg2+又はCa2+が好ましく、Mg2+がより好ましい。Be2+、Mg2+、Ca2+、Sr2+、Ba2+、又はRa2+の濃度は、各々、好ましくは、1~50mmol/L、2~50mmol/L、3~50mmol/L、5~50mmol/L、7~50mmol/L、又は10~50mmol/L、より好ましくは、2~30mmol/L、3~30mmol/L、5~30mmol/L、7~30mmol/L、又は10~30mmol/L、更に好ましくは、3~20mmol/L、5~20mmol/L、7~20mmol/L、又は10~20mmol/L、である。本発明における二価金属イオンはPIVKA-IIを測定しようとする生体試料由来のものではない。また前記濃度は、PIVKA-IIと抗体が固定化された担体粒子が凝集反応をする際の濃度を示す。二価金属イオンは、MgCl2、CaCl2などのハロゲン化物として、また、MgSO4、CaSO4などの無機酸塩、Mg(OH)2、Ca(OH)2などのアルカリ塩、MgC2O4、CaC2O4などの有機酸塩の形態で容易に入手、使用することができる。
接触させる:本願明細書で、生体試料に担体粒子を「接触させる」というときは、これらを固体、水溶液、又は懸濁液のいずれかの形態で混合することを意味する。
凝集:本願明細書で「凝集」というときは、同種又は異種の複数の、抗体が固定化された担体粒子どうしが、PIVKA-IIと各抗体の結合を介して結合することを意味する。この凝集に伴い、前記担体粒子を含む懸濁液に光をあてた場合の透過光又は散乱光の強度、波長、又は位相が変化する。
光学的に計測する:光学的に計測する方法としては、分光光度計あるいは散乱光度計を用いる方法が好ましい。
凝集を光学的に計測する:本願明細書で粒子の「凝集を光学的に計測する」というときは、複数種類の粒子の凝集が継続している状態で計測することを意味する。即ち、一旦粒子が凝集した後に、1種類の粒子を他の粒子から分離して光学的に計測することは意味しない。
PIVKA-IIに特異的に結合する:本願明細書において、抗体が「PIVKA-IIに特異的に結合する」というときは、当該抗体がPIVKA-IIに結合し、かつ、PIVKA-II以外の物質に結合しないことをいい、特に、正常なプロトロンビンには結合しないことを意味する。
プロトロンビンに特異的に結合する:本願明細書において、抗体が「プロトロンビンに特異的に結合する」というときは、当該抗体が正常プロトロンビン又はPIVKA-IIの少なくとも一方に結合し、かつ、正常プロトロンビン及びPIVKA-II以外の物質に結合しないことをいう。
上記の説明において、「結合しない」とは、全く結合しないことを意味するものではなく、PIVKA-IIの濃度を測定する際に許容できる以上の誤差を生じない限り、多少の非特異的な結合をする抗体も本発明に使用することができる。
異なるエピトープに結合する:本発明の方法、試薬、又はキットに使用される複数のモノクローナル抗体が「異なるエピトープに結合する」とは、それぞれの抗体がPIVKA-II上の異なる部位を認識することを意味する。これは、前記複数のモノクローナル抗体がPIVKA-IIへの結合に際して互いに競合しないためである。
非特異的な凝集:本願明細書で「非特異的な凝集」又は「非特異的な凝集反応」というときは、特異的な凝集以外の凝集を意味する。現実的には、特異的な凝集と非特異的な凝集の違いを直接的に区別することは困難であり、光学的な測定において測定値が予想される値から離れている場合に「非特異的な凝集」が観察されたと言う。
要素1:第1のモノクローナル抗体が固定化された第1の担体粒子、
要素2:第2のモノクローナル抗体が固定化された第2の担体粒子、
要素3:二価金属イオン;
ここで、前記第1又は第2のモノクローナル抗体のうち、一方は、PIVKA-IIに特異的に結合する抗体であり、他方は、プロトロンビンに特異的に結合する抗体であり、かつ、両抗体は異なるエピトープに結合する。また、前記二価金属イオンは、Be2+、Mg2+、Ca2+、Sr2+、Ba2+、及びRa2+からなる群から選択される1又は複数のイオンである。
要素A:二価金属イオンを含む第一試薬、
要素B:第1のモノクローナル抗体が固定化された第1の担体粒子及び第2のモノクローナル抗体が固定化された第2の担体粒子を含む第二試薬、及び、随意により、
要素C:前記第一試薬と第二試薬を組み合わせてPIVKA-IIの濃度を測定することが記載された文書
ここで、前記第1又は第2のモノクローナル抗体のうち、一方は、PIVKA-IIに特異的に結合する抗体であり、他方は、プロトロンビンに特異的に結合する抗体であり、かつ、両抗体は異なるエピトープに結合する。また、前記二価金属イオンは、Be2+、Mg2+、Ca2+、Sr2+、Ba2+、及びRa2+からなる群から選択される1又は複数のイオンである。
本発明のキットは、要素Cにおいて、明示・黙示に要素Aと要素Bを組み合わせてPIVKA-IIの測定に使用することが理解される状態で記載されている場合の、前記試薬の態様を指している。従って、要素A、要素B及び要素Cが同一の包材に梱包されていたり、あるいは、第一試薬及び第二試薬が同時に流通することは当然として、第一試薬と第二試薬がそれぞれ単独・別箇に流通した場合でも、要素Cに前記記載があることを限度として本発明のキットたりうる。ここで要素Cの文書は、添付文書、パンフレット、カタログなどの名称や形態を問わず、また書面であることも電子媒体に記録されているものであることも問わない。
また、生体試料中のPIVKA-II濃度を算出するための、濃度較正物質(いわゆるキャリブレータ)や精度管理用のPIVKA-II濃度既知の試料(いわゆるコントロール)等をさらに含んでいてもよい。
<モノクローナル抗体(抗PIVKA-II抗体):MU-3抗体>
(1)作成方法
抗PIVKA-IIモノクローナル抗体(MU-3抗体)は、特許文献3の実施例1に記載されている方法そのものにより作製された抗体を使用した。
『B ワーファリン服用者血漿にBaSO4およびBaCO3をそれぞれ100mg/mLの割合で加え、120分間攪拌し正常プロトロンビンを吸着除去し、次にDE-52celluloseに加えてイオン交換をおこない、正常プロトロンビンおよびPIVKA-IIの両者に対する共通部分のモノクロナール抗体を用いたアフイニティーカラムにかけ、4M塩酸グアニジンで溶出させて、透析し、濃縮してPIVKA-IIを精製した。得られたPIVKA-II (50μg)を同容量のフロイント完全アジユバンドと共にBALB/Cマウス(メス、4週齢)の腹腔内に投与し、さらに2週後にPIVKA-II (15μg)を尾静脈内へ投与し、3日後に脾細胞を摘出し、腫瘍細胞株P3U1と細胞融合した。細胞融合はポリエチレングリコール4000を用いて渡辺等の方法でおこなった。次に96ウエルマイクロプレートを用いて限界希釈法により三回クローニングをおこなった。なおクローニングのためのアッセイには前記Aでの脱カルボキシル化ヒトプロトロンビンおよび最終的にはネーテイブなPIVKA-IIを用いた。クローニングによって確立された抗体産生ハイブリドーマのセルラインにはそれぞれ、・・・、MU-3、・・・の識別記号を付した。・・・。セルラインMU-3よりモノクロナール抗PIVKA-II抗体を常法により得た。』
(1) 作成方法
i)ハイブリドーマの調製
クマジン血漿(UNIGLOBE RESEARCH CORPORATION社製)より精製したPIVKA-II(1mg/mL)とフロイントの完全アジュバント(GIBCO社製)とを1対1で混和乳化してエマルジョンとし、50μg/100μLの投与量で8週齢の雌BALB/Cマウス(日本チャールズリバー社製)の皮下に2週間間隔で4回投与後、最終免疫の3日後に脾臓を摘出した。摘出した脾臓から得られた脾臓細胞と骨髄腫細胞SP2/O-Ag14とを10対1の割合で混合し、50重量%ポリエチレングリコール1540(和光純薬工業社製)存在下にて細胞融合させた。融合細胞は脾臓細胞として2.5×106個/mLになるようにHAT培地に懸濁し、96穴培養プレート(CORNING社製)に0.2mLずつ分注した。これを5体積%CO2インキュベーター中で37℃にて培養した。おおよそ2週間後に、ハイブリドーマが生育してきたウェルの培養上清を次に示すELISA法にしたがって評価し、PIVKA-IIに反応する抗体を産生するハイブリドーマを選択した。
具体的には、まず、マイクロプレート(NUNC社製)に前記精製したPIVKA-IIを5ng固相化した。これに各培養上清を反応させた後、ペルオキシダーゼ標識した抗マウスIgGヤギ抗体を反応させた。次いで、オルトフェニレンジアミン(東京化成工業社製)を含むペルオキシダーゼ基質溶液を加えて発色させ、1.5N硫酸を加えて発色を停止させた。その後、マイクロプレートリーダーで波長492nmの吸光度を測定し、プロトロンビンに特異的に反応する抗体を産生するハイブリドーマ09及びハイブリドーマ19を獲得した。
ii)モノクローナル抗体の調製
ハイブリドーマ09及びハイブリドーマ19から、それぞれ、下記方法により24209モノクローナル抗体(24209抗体)及び24219モノクローナル抗体(24219抗体)を調製した。
あらかじめ2週間前にプリスタン0.5mLを腹腔内に注射しておいた12週齢の雌BALB/Cマウスに、ハイブリドーマを細胞数0.5×106個の量で腹腔内に投与した。約14日後に腹水を採取し、遠心処理して上清を得た。当該上清を等量の吸着用緩衝液(3mol/L NaCl-1.5mol/L Glycine-NaOH,pH8.5)と混和後、濾過した。この濾液を吸着用緩衝液で平衡化したプロテインAカラム(HiTrap rProteinA FF、GEヘルスケア・ジャパン社製)に通して、抗体をカラムに吸着させた。その後、0.1mol/Lクエン酸緩衝液(pH3.0)で溶出させてモノクローナル抗体を精製した。
(2) 寄託番号
前記のハイブリドーマ09及び19は、独立行政法人産業技術総合研究所 特許生物寄託センター(日本国茨城県つくば市東1丁目1番地1 中央第6)に寄託され(受領日:2011年5月11日)、受領番号はFERM BP-11381及びFERM BP-11382である。
攪拌機、還流用冷却器、温度検出器、窒素導入管及びジャケットを備えたガラス製反応容器 (容量2L) に、蒸留水1100g、スチレン200g、スチレンスルホン酸ナトリウム0.2g、及び、蒸留水50gに過硫酸カリウム1.5gを溶解した水溶液を仕込み、容器内を窒素ガスで置換した後、70℃で攪拌しながら48時間重合した。
i)24209抗体感作ラテックス粒子溶液の調製
前記平均粒子径0.3μmの1.0重量%ラテックス粒子溶液(5mmol/L トリス塩酸緩衝液(以下、Tris-HClという)、pH7.5)1mLに、5mmol/L Tris-HCl(pH7.5)で0.60mg/mLに希釈した24209抗体溶液を1mL添加して4℃で2時間攪拌した。その後、0.5重量%BSA含有5mmol/L Tris-HCl(pH7.5)を1mL添加して4℃で1時間攪拌した。最後に、これを遠心して上清を除去した後、沈殿を5mmol/L Tris-HCl(pH7.5)で再懸濁し、24209抗体感作ラテックス粒子溶液を作製した。
前記平均粒子径0.3μmのラテックス粒子及び24219抗体を用いて、上記と同じ方法により24219抗体感作ラテックス粒子溶液を作製した。
前記平均粒子径0.3μmのラテックス粒子及びMU3抗体を用いて上記と同じ方法によりMU3抗体感作ラテックス粒子溶液を作製した。
300mmol/Lの塩化ナトリウム、0.2重量%BSA、200μg/mL Heteroblock(OMEGA Biologocals社製)、及び0.9重量%ポリビニルピロリドンK-90(以下PVP)を含む100mmol/L Bis-Tris(pH6.0)溶液を調製し、第一試薬とした。
本願明細書においては、第一試薬を便宜的にR1と呼ぶことがある。
24209抗体感作ラテックス粒子溶液、24219抗体感作ラテックス粒子溶液の何れかとMU3抗体感作ラテックス粒子溶液を等量(各実施例を参照のこと)混合し、5mmol/L Tris-HCl(pH7.5)で波長600nmでの吸光度が6.0Absとなるように希釈して第二試薬とした。
本願明細書においては、当該混合液(第二試薬)を便宜的にR2と呼ぶことがある。
血清および血漿のPIVKA-II濃度をピコルミ(登録商標)PIVKA-II(三光純薬株式会社製)を用いて測定した。このPIVKA-IIの測定値と、本発明の測定方法による測定値を比較した。ピコルミ(登録商標)PIVKA-IIは、体外診断用医薬品として広く流通しており、また、2ステップ電気化学発光免疫測定法を原理としているため、非特異反応が生じにくい試薬である。
第一試薬と第二試薬を組合せ、日立7170形自動分析装置を用いて試料を測定した。具体的には、試料10μLに第一試薬150μLを加えて攪拌後、37℃で5分間保温し、第二試薬50μLを加えて攪拌した。抗体感作ラテックス粒子による凝集の形成に伴う吸光度変化を、その後5分間にわたり、主波長570nm、副波長800nmで測定した。
実施例1
4、22、617、2755、又は6357 mAU/mLの濃度でPIVKA-IIを含有する血清試料を10μL用意し、これを0から50mmol/Lの濃度のカルシウムイオンを含む150μLのR1で希釈し37℃で5分間保温した。続いて、24219抗体感作ラテックス粒子及びMU3抗体感作ラテックス粒子を含有する50μLのR2を混合した。抗体感作ラテックス粒子の凝集を、主波長570nm、副波長800nmの吸光度を5分間にわたり測定することにより検出した。27、1177、4063、又は6603 mAU/mLの濃度でPIVKA-IIを含有する血漿試料も用意し、同様の操作を行った。実施例1で用いたR1及びR2の組成を表1に示す。なお、R1にはCaCl2を処方することでカルシウムイオンを含有させた。またPVPは抗体感作ラテックス粒子の感度増強剤として含有させている(以下、同じ)。
18(同濃度試料が二つ;in duplicate)、1063、1570、1729、又は4050 mAU/mLの濃度でPIVKA-IIを含有する血清試料、及び、27、111、1065、又は2534 mAU/mLの濃度でPIVKA-IIを含有する血漿試料を用意し、実施例1と同様の実験を行った。実施例2においては、カルシウムイオンの代わりに10mmol/Lの濃度のマグネシウムイオンを用いた。比較のために、10mmol/Lの濃度のカルシウムイオンを用いた実験も行った。
抗体感作ラテックス粒子の凝集反応を行う溶液のpHが本発明に与える影響を、R1のpHをpH6.0からpH8.0の間で変化させた場合について試験し、マグネシウムイオン(10mmol/L)の添加効果を調べた。pH6.0からpH8.0の範囲では、いずれのpHにおいてもマグネシウムイオンのR1への添加により線形性の向上が観察された。以上、図3を参照のこと。実施例3で用いたR1及びR2の組成を表3に示す。
18(同濃度試料が二つ;in duplicate)、1063、1570、1729、2905又は4050 mAU/mLの濃度でPIVKA-IIを含有する血清試料、及び、27、111、1065、又は2534 mAU/mLの濃度でPIVKA-IIを含有する血漿試料を用意し、実施例1と同様の実験を行った。実施例4においては、カルシウムイオンの代わりに1、5、及び10mmol/Lの濃度のマグネシウムイオンを用いた。
Claims (8)
- 以下の工程を含む、生体試料中のPIVKA-IIの濃度を測定する方法:
前記生体試料に、第1のモノクローナル抗体が固定化された第1の担体粒子及び第2のモノクローナル抗体が固定化された第2の担体粒子を、二価金属イオンの存在下で接触させる工程、及び
前記第1の担体粒子と前記第2の担体粒子の凝集を光学的に計測する工程、
ここで、前記第1又は第2のモノクローナル抗体のうち、一方は、PIVKA-IIに特異的に結合する抗体であり、他方は、プロトロンビンに特異的に結合する抗体であり、かつ、両抗体は異なるエピトープに結合する;また、前記二価金属イオンは、Be2+、Mg2+、Ca2+、Sr2+、Ba2+、及びRa2+からなる群から選択される1又は複数のイオンであり、かつ、前記生体試料由来のものではない。 - 前記二価金属イオンがMg2+及びCa2+からなる群から選択される1又は複数のイオンである、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記第1又は第2の担体粒子がラテックス粒子である、請求項1又は2に記載の方法。
- 前記の接触させる工程及び計測する工程が、同一の反応溶液中又は同一の反応容器中で行われる、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 以下の構成要素を含む、PIVKA-IIの濃度を凝集反応によって測定するための試薬:
第1のモノクローナル抗体が固定化された第1の担体粒子、
第2のモノクローナル抗体が固定化された第2の担体粒子、及び
二価金属イオン;
ここで、前記第1又は第2のモノクローナル抗体のうち、一方は、PIVKA-IIに特異的に結合する抗体であり、他方は、プロトロンビンに特異的に結合する抗体であり、かつ、両抗体は異なるエピトープに結合する;また、前記二価金属イオンは、Be2+、Mg2+、Ca2+、Sr2+、Ba2+、及びRa2+からなる群から選択される1又は複数のイオンである。 - 第1の担体粒子及び第2の担体粒子が、いずれも蛍光性の担体粒子でない、請求項5に記載の試薬。
- 以下の構成要素を含む、PIVKA-IIの濃度を凝集反応によって測定するためのキット:
二価金属イオンを含む第一試薬、及び
第1のモノクローナル抗体が固定化された第1の担体粒子及び第2のモノクローナル抗体が固定化された第2の担体粒子を含む第二試薬;
ここで、前記第1又は第2のモノクローナル抗体のうち、一方は、PIVKA-IIに特異的に結合する抗体であり、他方は、プロトロンビンに特異的に結合する抗体であり、かつ、両抗体は異なるエピトープに結合する;また、前記二価金属イオンは、Be2+、Mg2+、Ca2+、Sr2+、Ba2+、及びRa2+からなる群から選択される1又は複数のイオンである。 - 第1の担体粒子及び第2の担体粒子が、いずれも蛍光性の担体粒子でない、請求項7に記載のキット。
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