WO2012161049A1 - 血圧測定装置 - Google Patents
血圧測定装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012161049A1 WO2012161049A1 PCT/JP2012/062506 JP2012062506W WO2012161049A1 WO 2012161049 A1 WO2012161049 A1 WO 2012161049A1 JP 2012062506 W JP2012062506 W JP 2012062506W WO 2012161049 A1 WO2012161049 A1 WO 2012161049A1
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- blood pressure
- pressure measurement
- measurement device
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- 238000009530 blood pressure measurement Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 124
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Classifications
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- A61B5/02—Detecting, measuring or recording pulse, heart rate, blood pressure or blood flow; Combined pulse/heart-rate/blood pressure determination; Evaluating a cardiovascular condition not otherwise provided for, e.g. using combinations of techniques provided for in this group with electrocardiography or electroauscultation; Heart catheters for measuring blood pressure
- A61B5/021—Measuring pressure in heart or blood vessels
- A61B5/022—Measuring pressure in heart or blood vessels by applying pressure to close blood vessels, e.g. against the skin; Ophthalmodynamometers
- A61B5/0225—Measuring pressure in heart or blood vessels by applying pressure to close blood vessels, e.g. against the skin; Ophthalmodynamometers the pressure being controlled by electric signals, e.g. derived from Korotkoff sounds
- A61B5/02255—Measuring pressure in heart or blood vessels by applying pressure to close blood vessels, e.g. against the skin; Ophthalmodynamometers the pressure being controlled by electric signals, e.g. derived from Korotkoff sounds the pressure being controlled by plethysmographic signals, e.g. derived from optical sensors
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- A61B5/02416—Detecting, measuring or recording pulse rate or heart rate using photoplethysmograph signals, e.g. generated by infrared radiation
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a blood pressure measurement device, and more particularly to a blood pressure measurement device that controls the start timing of blood pressure measurement.
- Obstructive sleep apnea is a disease in which the respiratory tract is physically obstructed during sleep and breathing stops for up to 2 minutes.
- OSA Obstructive sleep apnea
- a nocturnal blood pressure surge For example, a blood pressure of 120 to 130 mmHg rises to over 200 mmHg during normal times.
- every apnea attack results in cardiovascular diseases and risks such as sudden death, stroke, and heart failure. Therefore, it is required to accurately measure the nocturnal blood pressure surge.
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. Sho 62-1555829 and Non-Patent Document 1 (A New Technology for Detecting Sleep Apnea-Related “Midnight” Surge of Blood Pressure Shirasaki et al Hypertens Res Vol, 29, No. 9 ( 2006) p695-702 proposes a method of measuring blood oxygen saturation with an oximeter and starting blood pressure measurement when the measured blood oxygen saturation falls below a set standard.
- the threshold is initially set to a relatively high level, the lowest value of blood oxygen saturation that appears after the start of measurement is sequentially stored, and the blood oxygen saturation is the previous level. It additionally has a function to measure blood pressure when it falls below the minimum value.
- a threshold value can be automatically adjusted according to an individual individual from a mild person to a serious person.
- this method when the most severe hypopnea state of the night appears in the early stage of sleep, there remains a problem that blood pressure measurement is not performed at all thereafter.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a blood pressure measurement device capable of acquiring a blood pressure fluctuation pattern over a predetermined period.
- a blood pressure measurement device for measuring blood pressure within a predetermined period includes a blood pressure measurement unit for measuring the blood pressure of a subject, information related to blood pressure fluctuations, and changes in time series during the predetermined period An information acquisition unit for acquiring information to be performed, a determination unit for determining whether the information acquired by the information acquisition unit satisfies a predetermined condition, and a blood pressure measurement unit when activated And an execution unit for executing blood pressure measurement, and the predetermined condition is expressed as a function of time measured within a predetermined period.
- 1 is a functional configuration diagram of a blood pressure measurement device according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention. It is a figure which shows the example of the content of the memory part which concerns on Embodiment 1 of this invention. It is a figure which shows the example of the content of the measurement data storage part which concerns on Embodiment 1 of this invention. It is a flowchart of the measurement process which concerns on Embodiment 1 of this invention. It is a graph for demonstrating the threshold value change speed which concerns on Embodiment 1 of this invention.
- activation means starting processing related to blood pressure measurement by the blood pressure measurement unit.
- FIG. 1 is a hardware configuration diagram of a blood pressure measurement device 1A according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- blood pressure measurement device 1 ⁇ / b> A includes a main body 10 ⁇ / b> A, a blood pressure measurement site of a subject, for example, a cuff 20 for wrapping around the upper arm, and an air tube 24 for connecting main body 10 ⁇ / b> A and cuff 20.
- a sensor unit 50 for mounting on a blood oxygen saturation measurement site, for example, a fingertip.
- the main body 10 ⁇ / b> A and the sensor unit 50 are electrically connected via a wiring 51.
- a display unit 40 for displaying measurement results and an operation unit 41 for receiving input of instructions from a user are arranged.
- the operation unit 41 includes, for example, a switch operated to switch the power ON / OFF, a switch operated to identify the subject, a switch operated to input measurement start and stop instructions, and It includes a switch and a switch operated to input an instruction to read and display information based on past measurement data.
- the display part 40 is comprised by displays, such as a liquid crystal, for example.
- the cuff 20 of the blood pressure measurement device 1A includes an air bag 21 in which air is contained.
- the air bladder 21 is connected to an air system 25 built in the main body 10 ⁇ / b> A via an air tube 24.
- the air system 25 includes a capacitance type pressure sensor 32 for detecting the pressure in the air bladder 21 (hereinafter referred to as “cuff pressure”), a pump 33 for supplying air to the air bladder 21, an air And an exhaust valve 34 that is opened and closed to exhaust or seal the air in the bag 21.
- the sensor unit 50 corresponds to a so-called pulse oximeter.
- FIG. 2 shows how the pulse oximeter according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention is attached to the measurement site.
- the pulse oximeter includes a probe housing that is attached to a measurement site such as a fingertip that easily transmits infrared rays.
- the probe housing includes light emitting elements 501 and 502 that emit infrared rays having at least two different center wavelengths, and a light receiving element 503 that detects the amount of infrared rays emitted from the light emitting elements and transmitted through the measurement site.
- the main body 10A has a light emitting element driving circuit 52 that controls the light emitting operation of the light emitting elements 501, 502, and an amplification / A that amplifies the output of the light receiving element 503 for each wavelength and performs AD (Analog / Digital) conversion.
- a D conversion circuit 53 is provided.
- the main unit 10A includes a CPU (Central Processing Unit) 1000A for performing various arithmetic processes, a power supply unit 42, a ROM (Read Only Memory) for storing various data and programs, a RAM (Random Access Memory), and a non-volatile memory.
- a memory unit 39 including a memory, a timer 43 that measures and outputs the current time (year, month, day, hour, minute, second), and a communication I / F (interface) that controls communication between the information processing device 46 and the CPU 1000A ) 44 and an SD memory card (Secure Digital memory card) 47 are detachably mounted, and an external I / F 45 for accessing the mounted recording medium under the control of the CPU 1000A is provided.
- the information processing device 46 is not limited as long as it is a device having a data output function such as a communication function, a data processing function, and a display.
- the main body 10A includes an oscillation circuit 35, a pump drive circuit 36 for driving the pump 33, and a valve drive circuit 37 for driving the exhaust valve 34 in association with the air system 25.
- the pump drive circuit 36 controls the drive of the pump 33 based on a control signal given from the CPU 1000B.
- the valve drive circuit 37 performs opening / closing control of the exhaust valve 34 based on a control signal given from the CPU 1000A.
- the capacitance value of the pressure sensor 32 changes due to the cuff pressure, and a signal indicating the capacitance value is output after being amplified by an amplifier (amplification circuit) built in the pressure sensor 32.
- the oscillation circuit 35 Based on the output signal of the pressure sensor 32, the oscillation circuit 35 outputs a signal having an oscillation frequency corresponding to the capacitance value of the pressure sensor 32 to the CPU 1000A.
- the CPU 1000A detects the cuff pressure by converting the signal obtained from the oscillation circuit 35 into a pressure.
- the power supply unit 42 supplies power to the CPU 1000A in response to a power ON instruction from the operation unit 41.
- the CPU 1000A outputs the supplied power to each unit.
- FIG. 3 is a functional configuration diagram of the blood pressure measurement device 1A according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 shows a functional configuration of the CPU 1000A of the blood pressure measurement device 1A together with its peripheral circuits.
- the CPU 1000A includes a blood pressure measurement unit 100, an oxygen saturation measurement control unit 200 having an oxygen saturation calculation unit 204 that functions as an information acquisition unit that acquires oxygen saturation as information related to blood pressure fluctuations, Trigger output unit 300A for outputting trigger TR to blood pressure measurement unit 100, storage processing unit 500 for storing data in memory unit 39, reading unit 600 for reading data from memory unit 39, and display information on display unit 40
- a display information generation unit 800 having a VRAM (Video Random Access Memory) for generating a display, a display control unit 850 having a digital signal processing circuit for display control of the display unit 40, and the user's operation by the operation unit 41
- An operation receiving unit 900 that outputs an instruction (command) corresponding to the receiving operation to each unit is included.
- Each of these units is configured using program data and / or circuit modules stored in the memory unit 39.
- the oxygen saturation measurement control unit 200 includes an oxygen saturation calculation unit 204 that functions as an information acquisition unit that acquires oxygen saturation as information related to blood pressure fluctuation.
- the trigger output unit 300A includes a determination unit 301A for determining whether or not the oxygen saturation satisfies a predetermined condition, and has a function of starting the blood pressure measurement unit 100 and executing blood pressure measurement by the trigger TR.
- the blood pressure measurement unit 100 includes a cuff pressure control unit 101 and a blood pressure calculation unit 102.
- the cuff pressure control unit 101 adjusts the cuff pressure of the cuff 20 by controlling the operations of the pump drive circuit 36 and the valve drive circuit 37.
- the blood pressure measurement unit 100 receives the output signal of the oscillation circuit 35, detects the oscillation frequency of the input signal, and converts the detected oscillation frequency into a pressure value signal.
- An HPF unit that extracts and outputs a volume pulse wave signal by processing the pressure value signal by HPF (High Pass Filter), and an absolute pressure signal (hereinafter cuff) by processing the pressure value signal by LPF (Low Pass Filter).
- LPF unit that extracts and outputs a pressure signal).
- the blood pressure calculation unit 102 receives the volume pulse wave signal extracted by the HPF unit, and processes the input volume pulse wave signal according to a predetermined procedure, whereby a systolic blood pressure SBP (systolic blood pressure) and a minimum The blood pressure (diastolic blood pressure DBP (Diastolic blood pressure)) is calculated, and the pulse rate is calculated according to a known procedure.
- SBP systolic blood pressure
- DBP Diastolic blood pressure
- the blood pressure calculation procedure follows the oscillometric method of measuring the blood pressure based on the cuff pressure detected in the process of pressurizing the measurement site to a predetermined pressure with the cuff 20 and then gradually reducing the pressure. It is not limited.
- the oxygen saturation measurement control unit 200 includes a clock 201 that outputs a clock signal synchronized with the time output by the timer 43, a pulse wave amplitude calculation unit 202, a pulse wave amplitude comparison unit 203, and an oxygen saturation calculation unit 204.
- the oxygen saturation measurement control unit 200 controls the light emitting element driving circuit 52 at a timing specified by the clock 201 so that the light emitting elements 501 and 502 alternately emit infrared rays having two wavelengths. Infrared light that has passed through the measurement site of the subject and reached the light receiving element 503 is detected by the light receiving element 503. At this time, the arterial volume change accompanying the pulsation of the internal artery pressure is reflected in the output of the light receiving element 503 as a change in the amount of transmitted light. This is called a photoelectric pulse wave (hereinafter simply “pulse wave”).
- pulse wave a photoelectric pulse wave
- pulse wave signal When the pulse wave signal is sent from the light receiving element 503 to the amplification / AD conversion circuit 53, pulse waves having different wavelengths are separately amplified / AD converted at the timing specified by the clock 201.
- the AD-converted pulse wave signal is sent to the pulse wave amplitude calculation unit 202.
- the pulse wave amplitude calculation unit 202 detects the pulse wave obtained from the amplification / AD conversion circuit 53 in units of one beat, and calculates the amplitude of each pulse wave.
- the pulse wave amplitude comparison unit 203 obtains the ratio of the pulse wave amplitudes of the two wavelengths calculated by the pulse wave amplitude calculation unit 202.
- the oxygen saturation calculation unit 204 calculates the blood oxygen saturation based on the calculated pulse wave amplitude ratio.
- the oxygen saturation calculation unit 204 calculates the blood oxygen saturation of the subject based on the relationship between the pulse wave amplitude ratio and the oxygen saturation stored in advance in the memory unit 39.
- the blood oxygen saturation is calculated, for example, every 5 seconds, and the calculated blood oxygen saturation is stored in the internal memory of the CPU 1000B in chronological order according to the measurement order from the top address.
- a pointer type variable i is used to indicate the blood oxygen saturation in the internal memory.
- the light emitting elements 501, 502, the light receiving element 503, the light emitting element driving circuit 52, the amplification / AD conversion circuit 53, and the oxygen saturation measurement control unit 200 are oxygen saturation for measuring blood oxygen saturation. Functions as a degree measurement unit.
- the configuration of the oxygen saturation measurement unit and the blood oxygen saturation calculation method employed in the blood pressure measurement device 1A according to the present invention are not limited to the above.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example of the contents of the memory unit 39 according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- the memory unit 39 has a measurement data storage unit 391 corresponding to each subject.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an example of the contents of the measurement data storage unit 391 according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- the measurement data storage unit 391 stores the measurement data in the form of a database. Specifically, ID data for uniquely identifying the corresponding subject and one or more records R are stored. Each record R includes No data for uniquely identifying the record, time data indicating measurement time, blood oxygen saturation SpO2, systolic blood pressure SBP, and diastolic blood pressure measured (or calculated) at the time. Includes DBP and pulse rate PL.
- FIG. 6 is a flowchart of the measurement process according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- the program according to this flowchart is stored in advance in a predetermined storage area of the memory unit 39, and the CPU 1000A reads the program from the memory unit 39 and executes it, thereby realizing the function according to the process flowchart.
- the measurement period is the sleep period
- the sleep period is not specified as long as the apnea state can occur.
- the subject wears the cuff 20 and the sensor unit 50 at each measurement site during measurement.
- the subject turns on the blood pressure measurement device 1A before sleep, operates a switch for instructing the start of measurement, and operates a switch for instructing the end of measurement when waking up.
- CPU1000A starts processing when a measurement start instruction is input by a measurement start switch operation.
- the CPU 1000A monitors whether an instruction to end measurement by a switch operation is input even during processing. When an end instruction is input, the process is forcibly ended even if the process is being executed.
- the trigger output unit 300A sets the value T to the variable T0 and sets the threshold value TH for evaluating the blood oxygen saturation to the initial value TH0.
- the initial value TH0 is desirably set to such an extent that the blood oxygen saturation level is lowered even in a mild OSA patient who exhibits only a mild apnea attack, for example, about 90% (step ST301).
- a physiological upper limit 100 (unit:%) is set as a variable Smin for storing the minimum value of blood oxygen saturation (step ST302). It is assumed that the blood oxygen saturation measured from the subject is below the physiological upper limit (100%).
- the trigger output unit 300A increments the value of the variable i for indicating the time-series blood oxygen saturation of the internal memory by 1 (step ST303), and the blood stored in the address indicated by the variable i from the internal memory The oxygen saturation is read, and the read blood oxygen saturation is set in a variable SpO2 (i) (step ST304).
- the determination unit 301A of the trigger output unit 300A determines whether or not the value of blood oxygen saturation of the variable SpO2 (i) is less than the threshold value TH (step ST305). If it is determined that it is less than (YES in step ST305), the process proceeds to step ST306. If it is determined that it is not less (NO in step ST305), the process returns to step ST303 and the processes in steps ST303 to 305 are repeated.
- the trigger output unit 300A When it is determined that the blood oxygen saturation value is less than the threshold value TH, the trigger output unit 300A outputs the trigger TR to the blood pressure measurement unit 100. Blood pressure measurement unit 100 is activated when trigger TR is input, and blood pressure measurement is performed (step ST306). The measurement data is stored in the measurement data storage unit 391 via the storage processing unit 500.
- the trigger output unit 300A increments the variable i by 1 (step ST307), reads the next blood oxygen saturation pointed by the variable i from the internal memory, and sets it to the variable SpO2 (i) (step ST308). ). Subsequently, it is determined whether or not the value of the blood oxygen saturation of the variable SpO2 is less than the value of the variable Smin (step ST309). If it is determined that the value is less than (YES in step ST309), the value of variable Smin is updated (step ST310).
- the value of blood oxygen saturation indicated by the variable SpO2 (i) is set in the variable Smin (step ST310), the value of the variable Tp is set in the variable T0 (step ST311), and then the process returns to step ST307. Then, the processes of steps ST307 to 311 are repeated. Note that the value of the variable Tp is constantly updated using the time data output from the timer 43. Therefore, the variable Tp represents the current time.
- the determination unit 301A of the trigger output unit 300A determines whether or not the value of the variable SpO2 (i) is less than the threshold value TH (step ST315). If it is determined that it is less than (YES in step ST315), the process returns to step ST306 and the subsequent processing is executed. If it is determined that it is not less (NO in step ST315), the threshold value TH is compared with the initial value TH0 ( Step ST316). If it is determined based on the comparison result that the threshold value TH is equal to or greater than the initial value TH0 (YES in step ST316), the process returns to step ST301 and the subsequent processes are repeated. If it is determined that threshold value TH is less than initial value TH0 (NO in step ST316), the process returns to step ST312 and the subsequent processes are performed.
- the blood pressure measurement in a period in which the elapsed time since the last (most recent) blood pressure measurement is started is relatively short, the blood pressure measurement is not started in a hypoxic state similar to the previous time, and a relatively long period If has passed, the operation
- the threshold value TH of blood oxygen saturation (variable SpO2 (i)) for starting blood pressure measurement is determined by the equation in step ST314.
- variable V in the equation indicates the threshold change rate per hour, and is set to 10 (% / hour), for example.
- the variable Tp in the equation indicates the current time, and the variable T0 indicates the time when the previous blood pressure measurement was started. Further, when the threshold value TH becomes equal to or greater than the initial value TH0 (90%) by this equation, the initial value TH0 is set as the threshold value TH.
- the time-dependent function is an expression of a linear function of time, but the form of the function is not limited to this.
- the threshold value TH for determining whether to start blood pressure measurement is sequentially reset using the lowest (minimum) blood oxygen saturation level of the subject. Further, while the minimum blood oxygen saturation level (variable Smin) is not updated, the threshold value TH is increased in a time-dependent manner according to the above formula.
- the blood pressure measurement is started even in a mild hypoxic state with a blood oxygen saturation level greater than the minimum blood oxygen saturation level (variable Smin). be able to.
- blood pressure can be measured in the subsequent period. Blood pressure measurement data can be acquired over the entire sleep period of the examiner.
- (About the change rate of the threshold TH) 7 and 8 are graphs for explaining the threshold change speed according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- the variable V in the above-described equation of step ST314 indicates the change rate of the threshold value TH (hereinafter referred to as RCOT). 7 and 8 show the results of a simulation using the blood pressure measurement device 1A by the inventors. From the results, the change rate of the threshold TH was determined to be 10% per hour.
- apnea attacks for which blood pressure measurement should be performed and apnea attacks (unnecessary points) for which blood pressure measurement should be forgotten are designated on the actual data of blood oxygen saturation obtained from the above nine persons.
- the requirement is that the seizure with the lowest blood oxygen saturation of the night is almost equivalent to that after a long period of 3 hours or more after the lowest blood oxygen saturation is measured.
- the seizure was accompanied by a decrease in blood oxygen saturation.
- the unnecessary point requirement was an apneic attack that did not take a long time from the required point regardless of the amount of decrease in blood oxygen saturation.
- the RCOT was changed to 6%, 10%, and 20%, and simulation was executed for a total of 114 designated apnea attacks (82 required points and 32 unnecessary points).
- the success rate was defined as the frequency of operations as specified (ie, detection of necessary points and unnecessary points were sent off), and 90% or more was evaluated for each RCOT with an allowable range.
- the success rates of the 6%, 10%, and 20% RCOT for the necessary points were 86.6%, 95.1%, and 100.0%, respectively (see FIG. 7).
- the success rate of unnecessary points was 100.0% for all RCOTs. Therefore, it was found that 10% and 20% would be appropriate as RCOT values evaluated from the success rate.
- the number of blood pressure measurements per night was evaluated.
- ABPM ambulatory blood pressure monitoring
- the measurement frequency per hour is generally set to twice. This is because, assuming 8 hours of sleep time, the number of measurements per night is 15 to 16 times.
- FIG. 9 and FIGS. 10A and 10B are graphs for explaining the measurement with the threshold value variable according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention in comparison with the measurement with the threshold value fixed.
- FIGS. 9 and 10A and 10B show, for the same subject, the change in blood oxygen saturation measured according to the passage of the measurement time and the timing of the start BP of blood pressure measurement in association with each other. Yes.
- FIG. 9 shows a case of the first embodiment in which the threshold TH is variably changed using the threshold change speed V over the measurement period. From the graph of FIG. 9, the threshold value is calculated using the feature value extracted in the process of changing the blood oxygen saturation SpO2 in time series, that is, using the minimum value (step ST314). It shows that the blood pressure measurement is performed over the entire measurement period in both the relatively low and high oxygen saturation states.
- FIG. 10A shows a case in which the threshold value is fixed (not changed) as in the prior art. From the graph, blood pressure measurement is activated each time a hypoxia occurs, It is shown that the number of measurements is reached.
- FIG. 10B shows a method in which the threshold value is updated with the lowest value of blood oxygen saturation.
- blood pressure measurement data is acquired over the entire measurement period (for example, the sleep period of the subject) while starting blood pressure measurement in a state where blood oxygen saturation is low. be able to.
- FIG. 11 is a graph for explaining the measurement in which the threshold value according to the first embodiment of the present invention is made variable in comparison with the measurement by ABPM.
- the graph is based on experiments by the inventors.
- changes in blood oxygen saturation measured during the sleep time (19: 00-6: 00) of the subject are shown.
- ABPM performs blood pressure measurements twice per hour.
- the line graph in the figure shows changes in blood pressure (systolic blood pressure SBP) measured by ABPM.
- SBP blood pressure
- the blood oxygen saturation level of the subject depends on the breathing pattern of the subject. Therefore, in the second embodiment, the respiration of the subject is monitored, and the blood pressure measurement unit is activated based on the time-series respiratory change (intake / exhaust) that is the result of the monitor.
- FIG. 12 shows a hardware configuration of a blood pressure measurement device 1B according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
- blood pressure measuring apparatus 1B and blood pressure measuring apparatus 1A are different from each other in that blood pressure measuring apparatus 1B includes body portion 10B instead of body portion 10A, and measures blood oxygen saturation. It is in the point provided with airflow sensor 50B instead of sensor unit 50 for doing.
- the other configuration of the blood pressure measurement device 1B is the same as that of the blood pressure measurement device 1A, and a description thereof will be omitted. Only differences will be described.
- 12 includes a temperature sensor 48 that measures the temperature around the blood pressure measurement device 1B. However, the temperature sensor 48 is not an essential requirement for the measurement according to the second embodiment, and will be described in detail later. .
- the main body 10B includes a respiration monitor 53B instead of the light emitting element driving circuit 52 and the amplification / AD conversion circuit 53, and includes a CPU 1000B instead of the CPU 1000A.
- the other configuration of main body 10B is the same as that of main body 10A, and description thereof will not be repeated.
- the respiration monitor 53B inputs the detection signal from the airflow sensor 50B, monitors the respiration state of the subject based on the input detection signal, and outputs a respiration signal indicating the monitoring result to the CPU 1000B.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram showing an external appearance of an airflow sensor 50B according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
- the airflow sensor 50 ⁇ / b> B is fixedly mounted near the nasal cavity of the subject.
- the airflow sensor 50B detects the atmospheric pressure near the nasal cavity with a built-in pressure sensor (not shown), and outputs a detection signal.
- the air pressure near the nasal cavity decreases during inhalation and rises during exhaust.
- the respiration monitor 53B derives a change pattern of atmospheric pressure near the nasal cavity based on the detection signal from the airflow sensor 50B, and detects intake and exhaust from the nasal cavity of the subject based on the derived change pattern. Specifically, by storing in advance the change pattern for each of the subject's normal intake and exhaust, by pattern matching the stored change pattern and the change pattern derived at the time of measurement, Detect intake or exhaust. The detection result is output to CPU 1000B as a respiratory signal.
- the respiratory signal is, for example, a voltage signal, and a positive voltage signal is output during the inspiration period and a negative voltage signal is output during the exhaust period.
- the respiration monitor 53B outputs a zero voltage signal during the period in which it is determined that there is no exhalation and no exhaust by the pattern matching described above, that is, during the apnea period.
- the CPU 1000B inputs a respiration signal output from the respiration monitor 53B, for example, every second, and the respiration monitor 53B inputs a detection signal from the airflow sensor 50B at a cycle sufficiently shorter than 1 second, It is assumed that the airflow sensor 50B detects atmospheric pressure at a cycle shorter than the cycle and outputs a detection signal.
- FIG. 14 is a functional configuration diagram of a blood pressure measurement device 1B according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
- CPU 1000B is different from CPU 1000A in that CPU 1000B includes trigger output unit 300B instead of trigger output unit 300A.
- Other functions are the same as the functions of the CPU 1000A, and the description thereof is omitted.
- the trigger output unit 300B When the trigger output unit 300B detects apnea based on the respiratory signal from the respiratory monitor 53B, the trigger output unit 300B outputs a trigger TR for starting blood pressure measurement to the blood pressure measurement unit 100.
- FIG. 15 is a timing chart showing the relationship between the respiratory signal and the output of the trigger TR according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- the trigger output unit 300B detects apnea when it detects that the time from the start of inspiration based on the respiration signal to the start of exhaust immediately after that is longer than a predetermined time. That is, when the intake starts, the trigger output unit 300B starts counting up by a counter (not shown), stops counting the counter and clears the count value (initialization) when exhausting is started. )
- the trigger output unit 300B performs a count-up operation using a counter in synchronization with the output from the timer 43.
- FIG. 15 shows a respiration signal including inspiration signals A to Q, and the lower part shows a counter value CT (i) that changes in synchronization with the respiration signal. Furthermore, a change in the threshold value TH is shown in relation to the counter value CT (i).
- a downward arrow in FIG. 15 indicates a point in time when blood pressure measurement is activated. Referring to FIG. 15, during a normal period in which apnea is not detected as in the period of inspiration signals A to C, counter value CT (i) remains at a relatively small value, and the next inspiration starts. However, as in the period from the inspiration of the inhalation signal D in FIG.
- the trigger output unit 300B changes the threshold value TH according to the counter value CT (i) that changes in this way.
- the threshold value TH is initially set to the initial value TH0 at the start of measurement, and the counter value CT (i) increases when the counter value CT (i) increases and becomes larger than the threshold value TH. Is updated to point to the same value.
- the threshold value TH increases to the counter value CT (i) at the time when the evacuation stops after the start of the exhaust. Thereafter, the threshold TH decreases at a constant speed, and stops decreasing when the initial value TH0 is indicated.
- the threshold TH variable is updated so as to increase as the elapsed time from the blood pressure measurement increases.
- FIG. 16 is a flowchart of measurement processing according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
- a program according to this flowchart is stored in advance in a predetermined storage area of the memory unit 39, and the CPU 1000B reads the program from the memory unit 39 and executes it, thereby realizing a function according to the process flowchart.
- the measurement period is the sleep period of the subject, the measurement period is not specified as a sleep period as long as an apnea state can occur.
- the subject wears the cuff 20 and the airflow sensor 50B at each measurement site during measurement.
- the subject turns on the blood pressure measurement device 1B before sleep, operates a switch for instructing the start of measurement, and operates a switch for instructing the end of the measurement when waking up.
- CPU1000B starts a process when a measurement start instruction is input by a measurement start switch operation.
- the CPU 1000B monitors whether an instruction to end measurement by a switch operation is input even during processing. When an end instruction is input, the process is forcibly ended even if the process is being executed.
- the trigger output unit 300B sets the threshold value TH for evaluating the length of the apnea period indicated by the value of the counter value CT (i) to the initial value TH0 (step ST401).
- This initial value TH0 is desirably set so high that it cannot be reached in a normal breathing cycle and low enough to be reached in a mild OSA patient who exhibits only a mild apnea attack, for example, about 15 seconds.
- step ST402 the value of the variable i indicating the signal time is incremented by 1 (step ST402), and the time from the timer 43 is set to the corresponding counter value CT (i) (step ST403).
- the trigger output unit 300B determines whether or not the counter value CT (i) is larger than the threshold value TH (seconds) (step ST404), and if it is determined to be larger (step ST404), the process proceeds to step ST405 described later. If it is determined that counter value CT (i) is equal to or smaller than threshold value TH (NO in step ST404), the process returns to step ST402, and the operations in steps ST402 to 404 are repeated.
- trigger output unit 300B determines that the counter value CT (i) is greater than the threshold value TH, it outputs a trigger TR. Thereby, blood pressure measurement by the blood pressure measurement unit 100 is activated (step ST405). Furthermore, trigger output unit 300B sets counter value CT (i) to variable CTm in which the maximum value of the counter value is set (step ST406), and increments the value of variable i by 1 (step ST407).
- step ST408 it is determined based on the respiratory signal whether the subject's exhaust has started. If it is determined that the exhaust has not started (NO in step ST408), the process returns to step ST406, and the subsequent processes are repeated. On the other hand, if it is determined that the exhaust has started (YES in step ST408), the counter value CT (i) is set in the variable CTm (step ST409). Then, the value of the variable Tp indicating the current time output by the timer 43 at that time is set in the variable T0 (step ST410).
- the trigger output unit 300B determines whether or not the counter value CT (i) is larger than the threshold value TH (step ST414). If it is determined that the value is larger (YES in step ST414), the process returns to step ST405, and the subsequent processes are repeated. If it is determined that the counter value CT (i) is equal to or less than the threshold value TH (NO in step ST414), it is determined whether the threshold value TH is smaller than the initial value TH0 (step ST415). If it is determined that the threshold value TH is smaller than the initial value TH0 (YES in step ST415), the process returns to step ST401, and the subsequent processing is repeated. However, if the threshold value TH is determined to be greater than or equal to the initial value TH0 (NO in step ST415). The processes in steps ST411 to 415 are repeated.
- the apnea that continues for the same length as the previous time does not start the blood pressure measurement, and some time has passed. If it does, the operation
- the threshold value TH (value for evaluating the length of the apnea period (the value of the counter value CT (i))) that is referred to for starting the blood pressure measurement is the elapsed time since the blood pressure measurement was started. This formula is used for updating depending on the length of.
- the variable V in the equation indicates the threshold TH change rate per hour. If the threshold value TH calculated by this calculation formula is less than the initial value TH0 (YES in step ST415), the initial value TH0 is set as the threshold value TH (step ST401).
- the time-dependent function is a linear expression of time as shown in the equation, but the shape of the function is not limited to this.
- the blood pressure measurement device pays attention to the fact that the blood pressure changes suddenly when there is a change in the ambient temperature around the subject at the time of measurement, and the time series obtained by measuring the ambient temperature Based on the temperature data, the blood pressure measurement is performed after a predetermined time from when a sudden temperature change occurs.
- the blood pressure measurement device is configured such that the trigger output unit 300B of the blood pressure measurement device 1B of FIG. 14 inputs a temperature signal from the temperature sensor 48 instead of the respiration monitor 53B.
- the temperature sensor 48 measures the ambient temperature around the blood pressure measurement device 1B and outputs a temperature signal to the trigger output unit 300B.
- the airflow sensor 50B of the blood pressure measurement device 1B is detachably attached to the device. In an aspect in which the airflow sensor 50B is not attached, the trigger output unit 300B inputs a temperature signal from the temperature sensor 48.
- FIG. 17 is a flowchart of measurement processing according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
- a program according to this flowchart is stored in advance in a predetermined storage area of the memory unit 39, and the CPU 1000B reads the program from the memory unit 39 and executes it, thereby realizing a function according to the process flowchart.
- a variable T0 described later is a variable in which the time when the latest blood pressure measurement is started is set, and an initial value 0 is set at the start of the flowchart of FIG.
- the subject wears the cuff 20 on the measurement site during measurement.
- the subject turns on the blood pressure measurement device 1B before sleep, operates a switch for instructing the start of measurement, and operates a switch for instructing the end of the measurement when waking up.
- CPU1000B starts a process when a measurement start instruction is input by a measurement start switch operation.
- the CPU 1000B monitors whether an instruction to end measurement by a switch operation is input even during processing. When an end instruction is input, the process is forcibly ended even if the process is being executed.
- the CPU 1000B monitors whether the measurement start operation has been performed by the measurement start switch (step ST101), and starts the subsequent processing when the operation is performed (YES in step ST101). Next, it is monitored whether or not a measurement stop operation has been performed by the measurement stop switch (step ST102). If there is a measurement stop operation, all the operations are ended. If not, various variables are initialized. Shift to the next process (step ST103).
- the trigger output unit 300B increments the variable i representing the time series of the temperature data by 1 (step ST103), sets the environmental temperature indicated by the temperature signal from the temperature sensor 48 to the variable Te (i) (step ST104), and the timer The current time based on the timing data from 43 is set in the variable Tp (step S105).
- the interval at which the trigger output unit 300B reads the temperature signal from the temperature sensor 48 is set to 5 seconds, for example.
- the trigger output unit 300B updates the variables TA1 and TA2 in which values for evaluating whether or not a sudden change has occurred in the environmental temperature are updated according to expressions (1) and (2) described later (step) ST106, 107).
- the variable TA1 represents an average value of the environmental temperature before a certain time including the environmental temperature at that time, and is calculated by Expression (1).
- the variable TA2 indicates an average value of the environmental temperature measured in the same time width as the variable TA1 at a time before the variable TA1, and is calculated from the equation (2).
- the variable N in the equations (1) and (2) indicates the number of environmental temperature data used for calculating the average value, and an arbitrary value is used. For example, when the trigger output unit 300B inputs a temperature signal from the temperature sensor 48 at intervals of 5 seconds, that is, when acquiring environmental temperature data at intervals of 5 seconds, the time width for calculating the average value is 10 minutes. Then, the value of the variable N becomes 120.
- the trigger output unit 300B determines whether or not the conditional expression ((TA1 ⁇ TH) OR (
- the average value TA1 of the environmental temperature before a certain period including the environmental temperature at that time is less than a preset threshold value TH, or the absolute value of the difference between the variables TA1 and TA2 is preset.
- An expression for determining whether or not the threshold value ⁇ Te is larger. If it is determined that the conditional expression is not satisfied (NO in step ST108), steps ST102 to ST108 are repeated.
- the trigger output unit 300B compares the variable T0 with the variable Tp in which the current time based on the time measurement data input from the timer 43 is set ( It is determined whether or not a conditional expression of Tp ⁇ T0> ⁇ T is satisfied (step ST109).
- the variable ⁇ T indicates a time during which the start of blood pressure measurement is prohibited, and indicates a preset time.
- step ST109 If the trigger output unit 300B determines that the conditional expression is not satisfied (NO in step ST109), the process returns to step ST102, and the subsequent processes are repeated.
- trigger output unit 300B outputs trigger TR to blood pressure measurement unit 100. Thereby, blood pressure measurement is started (step ST110). When blood pressure measurement is activated, the trigger output unit 300B sets the current time of the variable Tp to the variable T0 (step ST111). Thereafter, the process returns to step ST102, and the subsequent processes are repeated until the measurement stop switch is operated.
- information related to blood pressure fluctuation that is, information indicating factors (events) causing blood pressure fluctuation, physiological information excluding blood pressure related to the living body of the subject, and information on the surrounding environment I gave Examples of physiological information include blood oxygen saturation and a breathing pattern, and examples of ambient environment include ambient temperature. However, these are merely examples, and other types of information may be applied.
- the measurement method according to the flowcharts of the above-described embodiments can also be provided as a program.
- a program can be recorded on a computer-readable recording medium such as a flexible disk attached to the computer, a CD-ROM, a ROM, a RAM, and a memory card, and provided as a program product.
- the program can be provided by being recorded on a recording medium such as a hard disk built in the computer.
- a program can also be provided by downloading via a network.
- the program can be supplied to the blood pressure measurement device 1 ⁇ / b> A that includes the CPU 1000 ⁇ / b> A and has the function of a computer using various recording media such as the SD memory card 47.
- the CPU 1000A reads and executes the program stored in the recording medium via the external I / F 45.
- the provided program product is installed in a program storage unit such as a hard disk, and is read and executed by the CPU.
- the program product includes the program itself and a recording medium on which the program is recorded.
- 1A, 1B blood pressure measurement device 46 information processing device, 48 temperature sensor, 50 sensor unit, 50B airflow sensor, 100 blood pressure measurement unit, 300A, 300B trigger output unit, 391 measurement data storage unit.
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Abstract
Description
(血中酸素飽和度)
本実施の形態1では、被検者の血中酸素飽和度をモニタし、モニタの結果である時系列の血中酸素飽和度に基づき血圧測定部を起動する。
図1は本発明の実施の形態に係る血圧測定装置1Aのハードウェア構成図である。図1を参照して、血圧測定装置1Aは、本体部10A、被検者の血圧測定部位、たとえば上腕に巻付けるためのカフ20、本体部10Aとカフ20とを接続するためのエアチューブ24、および血中酸素飽和度の測定部位、たとえば指先に装着するためのセンサユニット50を備える。本体部10Aとセンサユニット50とは、配線51を介して電気的に接続される。
D変換回路53を備える。
図3は、本発明の実施の形態1に係る血圧測定装置1Aの機能構成図である。図3には、血圧測定装置1AのCPU1000Aが有する機能構成が、その周辺回路とともに示される。図2を参照してCPU1000Aは、血圧測定部100、血圧の変動に関連する情報として酸素飽和度を取得する情報取得部として機能する酸素飽和度算出部204を有する酸素飽和度測定制御部200、トリガTRを血圧測定部100に出力するトリガ出力部300A、メモリ部39にデータを格納するための記憶処理部500、メモリ部39からデータを読出すための読出部600、表示部40の表示情報を生成するためのVRAM(Video Random Access Memory)などを有する表示情報生成部800、表示部40の表示制御のためのデジタル信号処理回路などを有する表示制御部850、操作部41によるユーザの操作を受付け操作に対応する指示(指令)を各部へ出力する操作受付部900を含む。これらの各部は、メモリ部39に格納されるプログラム・データおよび/または回路モジュールを用いて構成される。
図4は、本発明の実施の形態1に係るメモリ部39の内容例を示す図である。図4を参照して、メモリ部39は、各被検者に対応して測定データ記憶部391を有する。図5は、本発明の実施の形態1に係る測定データ記憶部391の内容例を示す図である。
図6は、本発明の実施の形態1に係る測定処理のフローチャートである。このフローチャートに従うプログラムは、予めメモリ部39の所定の記憶領域に格納され、CPU1000Aが当該プログラムをメモリ部39から読出し、実行することにより、処理フローチャートに従う機能が実現される。ここでは、測定期間を睡眠期間としているが、無呼吸状態が生じ得る期間であれば、睡眠期間に特定されるものではない。
ステップST314における、閾値THを更新するための計算式について説明する。
図7と図8は、本発明の実施の形態1に係る閾値変化速度について説明するためのグラフである。上述したステップST314の式における変数Vは、閾値THの変化速度(以下、RCOTと呼ぶ)を指す。図7と図8は、発明者らによる血圧測定装置1Aを用いたシミュレーションの結果を示す。結果から、閾値THの変化速度は、1時間当たり10%と決定した。
図9および図10(A)と(B)は、本発明の実施の形態1に係る閾値を可変にした測定を、閾値を固定にした測定と比較して説明するためのグラフである。図9および図10(A)と(B)は、同一被検者について、測定時間の経過に従って測定される血中酸素飽和度の変化と、血圧測定の起動BPのタイミングとを関連付けて示している。
図11は、本発明の実施の形態1に係る閾値を可変にした測定を、ABPMによる測定と比較して説明するためのグラフである。グラフは、発明者らの実験によるものである。図11の最上段には、被検者の睡眠時間(19:00-6:00)において測定される血中酸素飽和度の変化が示される。ABPMは、1時間当たり2回の血圧測定を行う。図中の折れ線グラフはABPMによって測定された血圧(収縮期血圧SBP)の変化を示す。ABPMによれば、血中酸素飽和度の変化にかかわらず、一定間隔で血圧が測定されることから、血中酸素飽和度が低下したタイミングに同期して血圧測定がなされていないことがわかる。
被検者の血中酸素飽和度は、すなわち被検者の呼吸パターンに依存する。そこで、本実施の形態2では、被検者の呼吸をモニタし、モニタの結果である時系列の呼吸変化(吸気・排気)に基づき血圧測定部を起動する。
図12には、本発明に実施の形態2に係る血圧測定装置1Bのハードウェア構成が示される。図12を参照して、血圧測定装置1Bと血圧測定装置1Aとを比較し異なる点は、血圧測定装置1Bは、本体部10Aに代替して本体部10Bを備え、血中酸素飽和度を測定するためのセンサユニット50に代替して気流センサ50Bを備える点にある。血圧測定装置1Bの他の構成は血圧測定装置1Aと同様であり説明を略し、相違する点のみを説明する。なお、図12には、血圧測定装置1Bの周囲の温度を計測する温度センサ48を備えるが、この温度センサ48は、実施の形態2に係る測定に必須の要件ではないので、詳細は後述する。
図15は、本発明の実施の形態に係る呼吸信号とトリガTRの出力との関係を示すタイミングチャートである。トリガ出力部300Bは、呼吸信号に基づき吸気を開始してから、その直後の排気を開始するまでの時間が、所定時間よりも長くなることを検出すると、無呼吸を検出する。つまり、吸気が開始した時点で、トリガ出力部300Bは、カウンタ(図示せず)によるカウントアップを開始し、排気が開始された時点でカウンタのカントアップを停止してカウント値をクリア(初期化)する。なお、トリガ出力部300Bは、タイマ43からの出力に同期してカウンタによるカウントアップ動作を行う。
図16は、本発明の実施の形態2に係る測定処理のフローチャートである。このフローチャートに従うプログラムは、予めメモリ部39の所定の記憶領域に格納され、CPU1000Bが当該プログラムをメモリ部39から読出し、実行することにより、処理フローチャートに従う機能が実現される。ここでは、測定期間を被検者の睡眠期間としているが、無呼吸状態が生じ得る期間であれば、睡眠期間に特定されるものではない。
本実施の形態3に係る血圧測定装置は、測定時の被検者の周囲の環境温度の変化があると血圧は急激に変化することに着目し、周囲温度を測定して得られた時系列の温度データに基づき、急激な温度変化が起こった時から一定時間後に、血圧測定が実行されるように動作する。
上述の各実施の形態のフローチャートに従う測定方法は、プログラムとして提供することもできる。このようなプログラムは、コンピュータに付属するフレキシブルディスク、CD-ROM、ROM、RAMおよびメモリカードなどのコンピュータ読取り可能な記録媒体にて記録させて、プログラム製品として提供することもできる。あるいは、コンピュータに内蔵するハードディスクなどの記録媒体にて記録させて、プログラムを提供することもできる。また、ネットワークを介したダウンロードによって、プログラムを提供することもできる。たとえば、図1の構成では、CPU1000Aを備えてコンピュータの機能を有する血圧測定装置1Aには、SDメモリカード47などの各種記録媒体を用いて当該プログラムを供給することができる。CPU1000Aは、外部I/F45を介して当該記録媒体に格納されたプログラムを読出し、実行する。
Claims (12)
- 所定期間内において血圧を測定する血圧測定装置であって、
被検者の血圧を測定するための血圧測定手段(100)と、
血圧の変動に関連する情報であって前記所定期間において時系列に変化する情報を取得するための情報取得手段(204)と、
前記情報取得手段により取得された情報が所定条件を満たすか否かを判定するための判定手段(301A)と、
満たすと判定されるとき、前記血圧測定手段を起動して血圧測定を実行させるための手段と、を備え、
前記所定条件を、前記所定期間内において計時される時間の関数として表わす、血圧測定装置。 - 前記所定条件は、閾値を含み、
前記判定手段は、
前記情報取得手段により取得された情報が示す値と、前記閾値とを比較する手段を含み、
前記実行させるための手段は、
前記比較の結果に基づき、前記血圧測定手段を起動して血圧測定を実行させ、
前記関数は、前記閾値を、直近に前記血圧測定手段が起動されたときからの経過時間の長さに従って変化させる関数を示す、請求項1に記載の血圧測定装置。 - 前記判定手段は、
前記情報が前記時系列に変化する過程で示す値に基づき特徴値を取得し、当該特徴値を用いて前記閾値を算出する、請求項2に記載の血圧測定装置。 - 前記関数は、前記経過時間が長いほど、前記閾値の変化量を大きくする関数である、請求項3に記載の血圧測定装置。
- 前記情報取得手段によって取得される情報は、被検者の血圧を除く生理情報を示す、請求項3に記載の血圧測定装置。
- 前記生理情報は、被検者の血中酸素飽和度を含む、請求項5に記載の血圧測定装置。
- 前記特徴値は、前記血中酸素飽和度の極小値を示す、請求項6に記載の血圧測定装置。
- 前記経過時間の長さに従って閾値が変化する速度は、毎時10%である、請求項6に記載の血圧測定装置。
- 前記生理情報は、被検者の呼吸パターンを含む、請求項5に記載の血圧測定装置。
- 前記特徴値は、無呼吸期間の長さを示す、請求項9に記載の血圧測定装置。
- 前記情報取得手段によって取得される情報は、血圧測定時の環境条件を示す、請求項1に記載の血圧測定装置。
- 前記環境条件は、血圧測定時の被検者の周囲温度を示す、請求項11に記載の血圧測定装置。
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