WO2015122193A1 - 血圧推定装置、血圧推定方法、血圧測定装置、及び、記録媒体 - Google Patents
血圧推定装置、血圧推定方法、血圧測定装置、及び、記録媒体 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015122193A1 WO2015122193A1 PCT/JP2015/000669 JP2015000669W WO2015122193A1 WO 2015122193 A1 WO2015122193 A1 WO 2015122193A1 JP 2015000669 W JP2015000669 W JP 2015000669W WO 2015122193 A1 WO2015122193 A1 WO 2015122193A1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/02—Detecting, measuring or recording pulse, heart rate, blood pressure or blood flow; Combined pulse/heart-rate/blood pressure determination; Evaluating a cardiovascular condition not otherwise provided for, e.g. using combinations of techniques provided for in this group with electrocardiography or electroauscultation; Heart catheters for measuring blood pressure
- A61B5/021—Measuring pressure in heart or blood vessels
- A61B5/02108—Measuring pressure in heart or blood vessels from analysis of pulse wave characteristics
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/02—Detecting, measuring or recording pulse, heart rate, blood pressure or blood flow; Combined pulse/heart-rate/blood pressure determination; Evaluating a cardiovascular condition not otherwise provided for, e.g. using combinations of techniques provided for in this group with electrocardiography or electroauscultation; Heart catheters for measuring blood pressure
- A61B5/021—Measuring pressure in heart or blood vessels
- A61B5/022—Measuring pressure in heart or blood vessels by applying pressure to close blood vessels, e.g. against the skin; Ophthalmodynamometers
- A61B5/02225—Measuring pressure in heart or blood vessels by applying pressure to close blood vessels, e.g. against the skin; Ophthalmodynamometers using the oscillometric method
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/72—Signal processing specially adapted for physiological signals or for diagnostic purposes
- A61B5/7203—Signal processing specially adapted for physiological signals or for diagnostic purposes for noise prevention, reduction or removal
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/72—Signal processing specially adapted for physiological signals or for diagnostic purposes
- A61B5/7203—Signal processing specially adapted for physiological signals or for diagnostic purposes for noise prevention, reduction or removal
- A61B5/7207—Signal processing specially adapted for physiological signals or for diagnostic purposes for noise prevention, reduction or removal of noise induced by motion artifacts
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/72—Signal processing specially adapted for physiological signals or for diagnostic purposes
- A61B5/7271—Specific aspects of physiological measurement analysis
- A61B5/7278—Artificial waveform generation or derivation, e.g. synthesising signals from measured signals
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a blood pressure estimation device for estimating blood pressure.
- a pressure part such as a cuff is attached to a specific part of the living body, and the pressure part measures the blood pressure by compressing the artery and its surroundings.
- This method is widely used.
- blood pressure measuring devices that measure blood pressure noninvasively include devices such as a blood pressure measuring device based on a microphone method that detects a Korotkoff sound using a microphone, and a blood pressure measuring device based on an oscillometric method. There is.
- systolic blood pressure which is the blood pressure in the process of contracting the heart, by stopping the blood flow through the artery at a specific site (measurement site). Therefore, the compression part needs to apply pressure higher than systolic blood pressure (systolic blood pressure value, systolic blood pressure, systolic blood pressure, hereinafter also referred to as “SBP”) to the artery.
- SBP systolic blood pressure value, systolic blood pressure, systolic blood pressure, hereinafter also referred to as “SBP”
- Patent Literature 1 or Patent Literature 2 discloses a blood pressure measurement device that reduces pressure.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a blood pressure measurement device that can measure blood pressure without using a compression unit.
- the blood pressure measurement device calculates a feature quantity related to blood pressure based on a pulse wave measured in a non-compressed state, and estimates blood pressure based on the correlation between the calculated feature quantity and the blood pressure value.
- Patent Document 2 discloses a blood pressure measurement device that measures systolic blood pressure based on the peak value of a pulse wave using a cuff. This blood pressure measurement apparatus estimates systolic blood pressure by coefficient-converting the peak value of a pulse wave measured at a cuff pressure lower than systolic blood pressure.
- the correlation between the feature quantity and blood pressure is affected by various factors such as the elasticity of the artery and the diameter of the artery. That is, even a correlation calculated in a certain situation is not necessarily a correlation that holds in a different situation. Since the blood pressure measurement device disclosed in Patent Document 1 estimates blood pressure based on a specific correlation, the blood pressure is not always accurate.
- the blood pressure measurement device disclosed in Patent Document 2 estimates blood pressure based on the assumption that the degree to which the volume of the artery measured using the cuff changes is similar to the degree to which the pressure in the artery changes. This assumption is valid if the extensibility of the artery is constant (or substantially constant) like the spring. However, as the pressure increases, the extensibility of the arteries decreases. For this reason, the above assumption does not hold as the pressure in the artery increases.
- the peak value fluctuates according to the joint state between the cuff and the artery, so that it is significantly affected by body movements etc. in the subject. For this reason, it is difficult to measure the peak value with high reproducibility. Therefore, the systolic blood pressure cannot be accurately estimated based on the peak value.
- a main object of the present invention is to provide a blood pressure estimation device that estimates blood pressure with high accuracy.
- a blood pressure estimation device includes: Based on a pressure signal in a specific period and a pulse wave signal measured due to the pressure related to the pressure signal in the specific period, a plurality of timings at which the pulse wave signal satisfies a predetermined condition, A pulse wave calculating means for calculating a period representing a difference in timing, a pressure value of the pressure signal in the period, and calculating pulse wave information that associates the period with the pressure value; Blood pressure estimating means for estimating blood pressure related to the pulse wave signal based on the pulse wave information.
- a blood pressure estimation method includes: Using the information processing apparatus, the pulse wave signal satisfies a predetermined condition based on a pressure signal in a specific period and a pulse wave signal measured due to the pressure related to the pressure signal in the specific period. Calculating a timing to satisfy, a period representing a difference between the timings, a pressure value of the pressure signal in the period, calculating pulse wave information associating the period with the pressure value, and based on the pulse wave information The blood pressure related to the pulse wave signal is estimated.
- the blood pressure estimation apparatus can estimate blood pressure with high accuracy.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a blood pressure estimation device 101 according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing a flow of processing in the blood pressure estimation apparatus 101 according to the first embodiment.
- the blood pressure estimation apparatus 101 includes a pulse wave calculation unit 102 and a blood pressure estimation unit 103.
- the blood pressure estimation apparatus 101 includes a pressure signal 2003 representing a pressure in a specific period, and one or more pulse wave signals (for example, a pulse wave signal 2001) measured when the pressure is applied in the specific period with respect to the measurement subject. ) Is received (step S201).
- a pressure signal 2003 representing a pressure in a specific period
- one or more pulse wave signals for example, a pulse wave signal 2001
- FIG. 3 is a diagram conceptually illustrating an example of the pressure signal 2003 and the pulse wave signal.
- the horizontal axis in FIG. 3 represents time, and the right side represents time progress.
- the vertical axis in the upper diagram of FIG. 3 represents the intensity of the pressure signal, and the higher the value is, the stronger the pressure signal is.
- the vertical axis in the lower diagram of FIG. 3 represents the intensity of the pulse wave signal.
- the intensity of the pulse wave signal increases as it is closer to the upper end or the lower end, and the intensity of the pulse wave signal decreases as it is closer to the center between the upper end and the lower end.
- the specific period is a period in which the heart beats (heartbeat) a plurality of times.
- the shape of the cuff is a rectangle (rectangular shape) in an unfolded state as illustrated in FIG. 8 described later.
- the longitudinal direction is assumed to be a direction in which the cuff is wound around a specific part.
- the short direction is a direction orthogonal (or substantially orthogonal) to the longitudinal direction.
- the entire cuff applies pressure to a specific part in a pressurized state.
- upstream represents an interval between the center or heart and the center in the lateral direction in the artery.
- downstream represents between the center in the short-side direction and the peripheral side (for example, a hand or a leg) in the artery.
- the cuff mode is not limited to the above-described mode.
- the example shown in FIG. 3 represents a pulse wave signal 2001 measured when pressure is applied at a constant (or substantially constant) rate in a specific period.
- the pulse wave signal 2001 is a pulse wave signal measured on the upstream side, for example.
- the pulse wave signal 2001 may be a pulse wave signal measured on the downstream side, or may be a pulse wave signal measured at the center (or substantially the center) of the region to which pressure is applied.
- one or more pulse wave signals are one (that is, pulse wave signal 2001). Two or more pulse wave signals may be received by the blood pressure estimation apparatus 101 according to the present embodiment.
- the pulse wave calculation unit 102 calculates pulse wave information based on the received pressure signal 2003 and the pulse wave signal 2001 (step S202). For example, the pulse wave calculation unit 102 calculates a timing at which the pulse wave signal 2001 satisfies a predetermined condition, calculates a period indicating a difference between a plurality of timings, and further calculates a value of the pressure signal 2003 (that is, the period) Pressure value). The pulse wave calculation unit 102 calculates a timing and a period and a pressure value in the period for a plurality of predetermined conditions.
- the pulse wave calculation unit 102 may obtain the pressure value during the period by averaging the pressure signal 2003 during the period, or obtain the pressure value based on the pressure associated with the pressure signal 2003 at a certain timing within the period. May be.
- the method by which the pulse wave calculation unit 102 calculates the pressure value is not limited to the example described above.
- the predetermined condition includes a case where the pulse wave signal 2001 is minimum (or near the minimum) in one heartbeat and a case where the pulse wave signal 2001 is maximum (or near the maximum) in one heartbeat.
- the timing at which a difference signal indicating a difference between pulse wave signals satisfies a predetermined condition may be calculated.
- the vicinity of the maximum can be defined as a value when it is within a specific range from the maximum.
- the specific range may be a predetermined value, or the magnitude of the slope (determined by calculating the differential, difference, etc.) relating to the target for calculating the maximum value (for example, the above-described pulse wave signal 2001).
- the value may be calculated based on being less than a predetermined value.
- the specific range is not limited to the above-described example.
- the vicinity near the minimum can be defined as a value when the distance is within a specific range from the minimum.
- the specific range may be a predetermined value, or the magnitude of the slope (determined by calculating the differential, the difference, etc.) relating to the target (for example, the pulse wave signal 2001 described above) for calculating the minimum value.
- the value may be calculated based on being less than a predetermined value.
- the specific range is not limited to the above-described example.
- the timing at which the pulse wave signal 2001 is minimum (or near the minimum) in one heartbeat is represented as “first timing”.
- the timing at which the pulse wave signal 2001 becomes maximum (or near the maximum) in one heartbeat is represented as “fourth timing”.
- the first timing when the pressure difference obtained by subtracting the internal pressure of the artery from the pressure applied to the specific site becomes positive, an occlusion portion that inhibits blood flow occurs in the artery. Furthermore, a pulse wave is also generated due to blood colliding with the obstruction. The larger the pressure difference, the stronger the blockage. As the obstruction becomes stronger, blood tends to collide with the obstruction. As a result, the first timing is affected by the pressure difference. That is, the timing at which the first timing is generated changes according to the magnitude of the pressure difference.
- the maximum pressure (or near the maximum) at which no obstruction occurs is the diastolic blood pressure.
- the fourth timing is a timing at which the blood flow at the measurement site peaks due to the blood pumping out by the heart.
- the diameter of the artery becomes maximum (or near the maximum).
- the internal pressure of the artery becomes the highest (or substantially the highest).
- the fourth timing is affected by arterial compliance, blood flow fluctuations, and the like. That is, the fourth timing changes according to the magnitude of the pressure difference.
- the pulse wave calculation unit 102 calculates pulse wave information by associating the calculated period (hereinafter referred to as “pulse wave parameter”) with one pressure value among the plurality of pressure values.
- the minimum pressure (or near the minimum) at which blood flow stops due to the occlusion is the systolic blood pressure.
- the pulse wave information is information associating a pressure value with a pulse wave parameter as shown in FIG.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram conceptually illustrating an example of pulse wave information.
- the pulse wave information associates the pressure “70” with the pulse wave parameter “aa”. This indicates that the value of the pulse wave parameter is “aa” when the pressure “70” is applied to the specific part.
- the pulse wave information does not necessarily need to relate the pressure in a certain period to the pulse wave parameter, and may be a parameter calculated by regression analysis of the relationship between the pressure and the pulse wave parameter. Further, the pulse wave information may not be the pulse wave parameter itself or the pressure itself, but may be a value calculated according to a predetermined procedure based on the pressure or the pulse wave signal 2001. That is, the pulse wave information is not limited to the above-described example.
- the blood pressure estimation unit 103 estimates the blood pressure (blood pressure value) related to the pulse wave signal 2001 based on the pulse wave information calculated by the pulse wave calculation unit 102 (step S203).
- blood pressure represents systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, or both.
- Systolic blood pressure is the pressure at the time of pumping blood into an artery due to contraction of the heart.
- diastolic blood pressure is a blood pressure in a case where blood is gently pumped into an artery when the heart is dilated.
- the blood pressure estimation unit 103 preliminarily calculates the pulse wave signal based on the blood pressure information associated with the pulse wave information, the blood pressure value, and the pulse wave information calculated by the pulse wave calculation unit 102 as illustrated in FIG.
- the blood pressure according to 2001 is estimated.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram conceptually illustrating an example of blood pressure information.
- the blood pressure includes diastolic blood pressure and systolic blood pressure.
- the pulse wave information associates pressure at a certain timing with a pulse wave parameter calculated based on the pulse wave signal.
- the blood pressure estimation device 101 may store the blood pressure information, or an external device may store the blood pressure information.
- the blood pressure estimation unit 103 reads the blood pressure associated with the received specific pulse wave information (that is, information associated with the pulse wave parameter regarding the pulse wave signal 2001 and the pressure signal 2003) from the blood pressure information. That is, the blood pressure estimation unit 103 obtains a blood pressure associated with the received specific pulse wave information by referring to the blood pressure information.
- the blood pressure estimation unit 103 searches the blood pressure information for pulse wave information that matches the specific pulse wave information. However, the similarity between the specific pulse wave information and the pulse wave information in the blood pressure information is calculated. Similar (or coincident) pulse wave information may be searched by calculating or the like. Also, there may be a plurality of blood pressure information associated with specific pulse wave information. Alternatively, the blood pressure estimation unit 103 may select pulse wave information having the maximum similarity (or near the maximum) and read the blood pressure associated with the selected pulse wave information.
- the blood pressure estimation unit 103 does not necessarily calculate the similarity between all the pulse wave information in the blood pressure information and the specific pulse wave information, and is a part of the pulse wave information in the blood pressure information. There may be.
- the blood pressure estimation apparatus 101 estimates blood pressure related to pulse wave information (hereinafter referred to as “first blood pressure” for convenience of explanation) based on the read blood pressure. For example, when the read blood pressure is one, the blood pressure estimation unit 103 estimates that the read blood pressure is the first blood pressure. When estimating the blood pressure to be read according to the similarity, the blood pressure estimation unit 103 estimates the first blood pressure by performing a process such as obtaining a weighted average value according to the similarity. Also good.
- the blood pressure information includes pulse wave information in which a pressure value and a pulse wave are associated, and blood pressure.
- the blood pressure information may be values measured in advance for a plurality of subjects.
- the blood pressure information may exist for each person to be measured.
- the blood pressure estimation apparatus 101 may synthesize new blood pressure information from the plurality of blood pressure information.
- the combining method is, for example, a method of averaging a plurality of blood pressure information or a method of fitting using data of a plurality of blood pressure information and then using a nonlinear function.
- the blood pressure information synthesized by the blood pressure estimation device 101 is preferably a combination of the same timing and parameters calculated by the same method.
- the blood pressure information to be combined has a mutual similarity of a predetermined reference value or more.
- the blood pressure estimation device 101 associates the blood pressure information with the pulse wave information associated with the specific pulse wave information or with the pulse wave information similar (or coincident with) the specific pulse wave information.
- the obtained blood pressure is read, and the blood pressure related to specific pulse wave information is estimated based on the read blood pressure. Therefore, even when the pulse wave or the pressure includes noise, the blood pressure estimation apparatus 101 can estimate the blood pressure while reducing the influence of noise by reading the blood pressure from the blood pressure information.
- a general blood pressure estimation device cannot accurately measure blood pressure when the measured pulse wave includes noise.
- blood pressure estimation apparatus 101 According to the blood pressure estimation apparatus 101 according to the present embodiment, blood pressure can be estimated with high accuracy.
- the blood pressure estimation unit 103 may estimate the pressure when the difference signal is maximum (or near the maximum) as systolic blood pressure.
- the heart pumps a lot of blood into the artery during systole.
- the pressure in the artery changes according to the amount of blood pumped out. That is, the blood volume to be pumped is high in the upstream and low in the downstream.
- the difference signal relating to the pulse wave signal measured upstream and the pulse wave signal measured downstream is greatly different. Therefore, the blood pressure estimation unit 103 can estimate that the pressure when the difference signal is maximized (or near the maximum) is systolic blood pressure.
- the blood pressure estimation unit 103 may estimate that the pressure when the difference signal is smaller than a specific value is the diastolic blood pressure.
- the specific value is a value that is several percent to several tens of percent higher than the average value of the difference signals when no pressure is applied.
- the specific value may be a value calculated based on diastolic blood pressure measured according to a technique such as the oscillometric method or the Korotkoff method.
- the specific value is not limited to the example described above.
- the heart gently pumps blood into the artery during diastole.
- the pressure in the artery does not change significantly.
- the difference between the pulse wave signal measured upstream and the pulse wave signal measured downstream is small. Therefore, the blood pressure estimation unit 103 can estimate that the pressure when the difference signal is lower than the specific value and lower than the systolic blood pressure is the diastolic blood pressure.
- the difference signal may be a difference or a ratio.
- the blood pressure estimation unit 103 estimates the blood pressure according to the magnitude of the ratio.
- the difference signal is not limited to the above-described example, as long as it is an index that can compare a plurality of pulse wave signals.
- the blood pressure estimation device 101 estimates blood pressure based on the difference signal. For this reason, for example, even when a plurality of pulse wave signals include similar noise, the blood pressure estimation apparatus 101 reduces the noise by estimating the blood pressure based on the difference. Therefore, the blood pressure estimation apparatus 101 can estimate the blood pressure with high accuracy by reducing the influence of noise.
- a general blood pressure estimation device cannot accurately measure blood pressure when the measured pulse wave includes noise.
- blood pressure estimation apparatus 101 According to the blood pressure estimation apparatus 101 according to the present embodiment, blood pressure can be estimated with high accuracy.
- the range in which the pressure signal 2003 fluctuates includes the diastolic blood pressure and the systolic blood pressure.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example in which the range in which the pressure signal 2003 fluctuates does not include systolic blood pressure.
- the upper diagram of FIG. 6 represents the pressure signal 2003.
- the lower diagram in FIG. 6 represents the pulse wave signal 2001.
- the horizontal axis in FIG. 6 represents time, and represents that the time progresses toward the right side.
- the vertical axis in the upper diagram of FIG. 6 represents pressure, and the higher the value is, the higher the pressure is.
- the vertical axis in the lower diagram of FIG. 6 represents the pulse wave, and the pulse wave is stronger toward the upper side or the lower side, and the pulse wave is weaker toward 0.
- the pulse wave signal 2001 is measured until the pressure signal 2003 is stopped.
- the blood pressure estimation device 101 estimates blood pressure based on the pulse wave signal 2001 measured until the pressure signal 2003 is stopped. be able to.
- the blood pressure estimation device 101 calculates pulse wave information calculated by the pulse wave calculation unit 102 based on the received pulse wave signal 2001 and the pressure signal 2003.
- the blood pressure estimation unit 103 extracts similar (or coincident) pulse wave information by comparing the pulse wave information with the pulse wave information (or part of the pulse wave information) in the blood pressure information.
- the blood pressure associated with the similar (or coincident) pulse wave information is read.
- the blood pressure estimation unit 103 estimates blood pressure related to the received pulse wave signal based on the read blood pressure.
- the blood pressure estimation device 101 receives the pressure signal 2003 measured by the blood pressure measurement device 408 illustrated in FIG. 7 and the pulse wave signal 2001 measured by the blood pressure measurement device 408.
- FIG. 7 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of the blood pressure measurement device 408 according to the first embodiment.
- the blood pressure measurement device 408 includes a cuff 401, a pulse wave measurement unit 402, a pressure measurement unit 407, a pressure control unit 404, an input unit 405, a display unit 406, and a blood pressure estimation device 101.
- FIG. 8 is a perspective view of the cuff 401 that is not attached.
- the blood pressure measurement device 408 includes a plurality of pulse wave measurement units, but may be one.
- the cuff 401 and the pulse wave measurement unit 402 are integrated, but the cuff 401 and the pulse wave measurement unit 402 may be connected via a pulse wave transmission unit.
- the pulse wave transmission unit is, for example, a tube, and the pulse wave generated at a specific site is transmitted to the pulse wave measurement unit 402 when the internal pressure of the tube varies according to the variation of the internal pressure of the cuff 401.
- the longitudinal direction is a direction in which the cuff 401 is wound around a specific part.
- the short direction is a direction orthogonal (or substantially orthogonal) to the longitudinal direction.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating an example of a state where the cuff 401 is attached to a specific part.
- the measurement subject wears the cuff 401 by winding the longitudinal direction around a specific part.
- the artery is parallel (or substantially parallel) to the lateral direction.
- the pulse wave measuring unit 402 is, for example, a vibration sensor that detects vibration caused by a pulse wave, a reflected light that reflects irradiated light, or a photoelectric pulse wave sensor that detects transmitted light that passes through the irradiated light.
- An ultrasonic sensor, an electric field sensor, a magnetic field sensor, an impedance sensor, or the like that detects reflection or transmission of the generated ultrasonic wave.
- the pulse wave measurement unit 402 may be a pressure sensor.
- the pressure is divided into signals having different periods by, for example, Fourier transform.
- the pressure control unit 404 pressurizes or depressurizes at a constant (or substantially constant) speed, the period related to the pressure caused by the pressure control unit 404 is long. For this reason, the pulse wave signal resulting from a pulse wave can be extracted by extracting a signal with a short cycle from the pressure.
- the measurement subject starts measurement by operating the input unit 405.
- the input unit 405 includes a measurement start button for starting measurement, a power button, a measurement stop button for stopping measurement after the measurement is started, a left button used when selecting an item to be displayed on the display unit 406, a right button, and the like ( None of them are shown).
- the input unit 405 transmits an input signal received from the measurement subject or the like to the blood pressure estimation device 101.
- the pressure control unit 404 In response to the start of measurement, refers to the internal pressure of the cuff 401 measured by the pressure measurement unit 407, and gas (eg, air), liquid, or both enclosed in the cuff 401 The pressure applied to the specific part is controlled by controlling the amount of the liquid. For example, the pressure control unit 404 controls the operation of the pump that sends the gas sealed in the cuff 401 and the valve in the cuff 401.
- gas eg, air
- the cuff 401 may have a compression bag (not shown) that encloses gas and liquid.
- the cuff 401 applies pressure to a specific part by storing fluid or the like in the compression bag according to control performed by the pressure control unit 404.
- a plurality of pulse wave measurement units may be arranged so as to sandwich the center of pressurization (or approximately the center) of the cuff 401 in the short direction.
- the pulse wave measurement unit 402 measures the pulse wave at the specific site.
- the pulse wave measurement unit 402 transmits the measured pulse wave as a pulse wave signal 2001 to the blood pressure estimation apparatus 101.
- the pressure measurement unit 407 transmits the measured pressure as a pressure signal to the blood pressure estimation apparatus 101.
- the pressure measuring unit 407 discretizes the measured pressure to convert it into a digital signal (analog digital conversion, A / D conversion), and transmits the digital signal as the pressure signal 2003.
- the pulse wave measuring unit 402 converts the measured pulse wave into a digital signal by discretizing, for example, and transmits the digital signal as the pulse wave signal 2001.
- a part of the pressure (or pulse wave) may be extracted by using a filter or the like that extracts a specific frequency. Further, the pressure (or pulse wave) may be amplified to a predetermined amplitude.
- the blood pressure estimation apparatus 101 estimates the blood pressure by performing the above-described processing. At this time, the blood pressure estimation apparatus 101 may transmit a control signal instructing the control content to the pressure control unit 404.
- the display unit 406 displays the blood pressure calculated by the blood pressure estimation apparatus 101.
- the display unit 406 is an LCD (Liquid_Crystal_Display), an OLED (Organic_light-emitting_diode), or electronic paper.
- LCD Liquid_Crystal_Display
- OLED Organic_light-emitting_diode
- electronic paper can be realized according to a microcapsule method, an electronic powder fluid method, a cholesteric liquid crystal method, an electrophoresis method, an electrowetting method, or the like.
- the blood pressure measuring device 408 includes the blood pressure estimating device 101, the blood pressure can be estimated with high accuracy. That is, according to the blood pressure measurement device 408 according to the first embodiment, blood pressure can be measured with high accuracy.
- the blood pressure measurement device 408 is configured such that the pulse wave measurement unit 402 and the like transmit and receive a pulse wave signal and the like to and from the blood pressure estimation device 101 via a communication network (for example, a wired communication network or a wireless communication network). There may be.
- a communication network for example, a wired communication network or a wireless communication network.
- the specific part may be the upper arm or the wrist.
- the pulse wave measurement unit 402 may detect the pulse wave via the radial artery.
- the cuff 401 only needs to have a function of applying pressure to the artery, and may be a mechanical component that changes the pressure to be applied, an artificial muscle, or the like.
- FIG. 10 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a blood pressure estimation device 901 according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 11 is a flowchart showing a process flow in the blood pressure estimation apparatus 901 according to the second embodiment.
- the blood pressure estimation device 901 includes a pulse wave calculation unit 902 and a blood pressure estimation unit 903.
- the pulse wave calculation unit 902 calculates timing based on the pressure signal 2003 and the pulse wave signal 2001, and calculates pulse wave information based on the timing (step S901).
- FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a specific portion where the pressure signal 2003 and the pulse wave signal are measured.
- pressure difference a value obtained by subtracting the internal pressure of the artery for measuring the pulse wave signal from the pressure signal 2003 is hereinafter referred to as “pressure difference”.
- the cuff 401 applies pressure to the artery wall 1103 through the skin 1101 and the subcutaneous tissue 1102.
- an occlusion 1105 that blocks the blood flow 1104 is formed in the artery.
- the pressure signal 2003 When the pressure signal 2003 is lower than the diastolic blood pressure (state a shown in FIG. 12), the pressure difference is 0 or less. Therefore, the arterial wall 1103 is not deformed by the pressure in the pressure signal 2003. At this time, since the internal pressure of the artery changes according to the blood flow 1104 flowing through the artery, the inner diameter of the artery changes according to the change of the internal pressure of the artery. For this reason, the pulse wave signal is a pulse wave corresponding to the internal pressure of the artery without being affected by the pressure signal 2003.
- the artery receives the pressure represented by the pressure signal 2003, whereby the artery wall 1103 The obstruction
- the arterial wall 1103 is not only deformed due to the pressure signal 2003 but also deformed in the blood flow direction when the blood flow 1104 collides with the formed obstruction 1105.
- the pressure difference increases, the arterial wall 1103 contracts and the vascular compliance decreases, so the speed of deformation in the direction of blood flow also changes.
- the larger the pressure difference the easier it is for the larger occlusion 1105 to be formed, and the arterial wall 1103 is less likely to return to the normal state. Therefore, comparing the shape of the pulse wave when pressure is applied with the shape of the pulse wave when pressure is not applied, the shape of the pulse wave changes greatly as the pressure difference increases.
- the occlusion portion 1105 occludes the blood flow 1104 in the artery.
- the arterial wall 1103 mainly deforms in the blood flow direction due to the blood flow 1104 colliding with the blockage 1105.
- the pressure signal 2003 is higher, the situation in which the occlusion portion 1105 blocks the blood flow in the artery does not change. Therefore, when the pressure signal 2003 is higher than the systolic blood pressure, blood flow in the artery wall 1103 Directional deformation does not change much. That is, even at a higher pressure, the shape of the pulse wave signal 2001 hardly changes from the shape of the pulse wave signal 2001 in the case of systolic blood pressure.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram conceptually illustrating an example of the relationship between the pressure signal 2003 and the pulse wave parameter.
- the pressure signal 2003 is equal to or lower than the diastolic blood pressure
- the magnitude of the change from the pulse wave shape when the pressure is not applied is small, and is constant (or substantially constant) regardless of the pressure signal 2003.
- the pressure signal 2003 is between the diastolic blood pressure and the systolic blood pressure
- the larger the pressure signal 2003 the larger the change from the pulse wave shape when no pressure is applied.
- the pressure signal 2003 is equal to or higher than the systolic blood pressure
- the magnitude of the change from the pulse wave shape when no pressure is applied is large, and is constant (or substantially constant) regardless of the pressure signal 2003. It is.
- FIG. 14 is a diagram conceptually illustrating an example of processing for extracting timing.
- the timing is the pulse wave signal (that is, the pulse wave signal 2001 in this example), and when the pulse wave signal is continuous, the pulse wave signal is differentiated with respect to time (where n is 0). This is the time when the derived signal (which is an integer above) becomes zero.
- the timing is a derived signal that is a result of applying an n-th order difference (where n is an integer equal to or greater than 0) to the pulse wave signal. Is the time closest to 0.
- the horizontal axis of FIG. 14 represents time, and the right side represents time progress.
- the vertical axis in FIG. 14 represents the signal, and the higher the value, the stronger the signal.
- the four curves in FIG. 14 are, in order from the top, a pressure signal 2003, a pulse wave signal 2001, and a derived signal (hereinafter referred to as “first derived signal”) that is a result of first-order differentiation of the pulse wave signal 2001 with respect to time.
- first derived signal a derived signal
- a derived signal hereinafter referred to as a “second derived signal” that is a result of second-order differentiation of the pulse wave signal 2001 with respect to time.
- the pulse wave calculation unit 902 calculates the timing at which the pulse wave signal 2001, the first derived signal, or the second derived signal becomes a specific value.
- the pulse wave calculation unit 902 calculates the first timing 81 at which the pulse wave signal 2001 is minimum (or near the minimum) in one heartbeat (that is, one cycle). That is, at the first timing 81, the pulse wave signal starts to rise.
- the pulse wave calculation unit 902 calculates the first timing 81 by calculating the timing at which the inclination of the pulse wave signal 2001 becomes equal to or greater than a predetermined inclination. That is, the pulse wave calculation unit 902 may calculate the timing at which the first derived signal becomes equal to or higher than the first threshold value.
- the first threshold value is a value of 0 or more.
- the pulse wave calculation unit 902 may calculate the timing at which the second derived signal becomes the second threshold when there are a plurality of timings at which the first derived signal becomes the first threshold or more in one cycle. By this processing, the pulse wave calculation unit 902 can calculate the first timing 81 more accurately.
- the pulse wave calculation unit 902 calculates the second timing at which the slope of the pulse wave signal 2001 increases in one cycle.
- the occlusion 1105 disappears from the artery. After the occlusion 1105 is formed at the first timing 81, the occlusion 1105 disappears due to the pressure difference becoming negative as the heart pumps blood. As the occluded portion 1105 disappears, deformation in the direction perpendicular to the blood flow 1104 increases as the heart pumps out blood, so that the rate at which the pulse wave signal 2001 changes increases.
- the pulse wave calculation unit 902 may calculate the second timing 82 by calculating the timing at which the second derived signal exceeds the second threshold in one cycle.
- the pulse wave calculation unit 902 may calculate the second timing 82 by calculating the timing at which the second derived signal becomes maximum (or near the maximum) in one cycle.
- the vicinity of the maximum can be defined as a value when it is within a specific range from the maximum.
- the specific range may be a value calculated based on the fact that the magnitude of the slope (calculated by calculating differentiation, difference, etc.) relating to the target for calculating the extreme value becomes less than a predetermined value.
- the specific range is not limited to the above-described example.
- the pulse wave calculation unit 902 performs the third derivative signal obtained by third-order differentiation of the pulse wave signal with respect to time, or the pulse wave signal with respect to time.
- the second timing 82 may be calculated by referring to a fourth derivative signal that is fourth-order differentiated. That is, the method for calculating the second timing 82 is not limited to the above-described example.
- the pulse wave calculation unit 902 calculates the third timing 83 at which the first derived signal becomes maximum (or near the maximum) in one cycle. That is, at the third timing 83, the speed at which the artery expands is maximum (or near the maximum).
- this timing is the third timing 83.
- the arterial compliance decreases due to the pressure related to the pressure signal 2003.
- the third timing 83 is affected by factors such as a decrease in blood flow due to the blocking portion 1105 formed while the pressure difference is positive. That is, the third timing 83 changes according to the pressure difference.
- the pulse wave calculation unit 902 calculates the fourth timing 84 at which the difference becomes maximum (or near the maximum).
- the pulse wave calculation unit 902 may calculate the fourth timing 84 based on, for example, the timing when the first derived signal becomes 0 (or substantially 0), the timing when the second derived signal is convex downward, and the like. That is, the method for calculating the fourth timing 84 is not limited to the above-described example.
- the pulse wave calculation unit 902 calculates the fifth timing 85 at which the first derived signal is minimum (or near the minimum) in one cycle. That is, at the fifth timing 85, the speed at which the artery contracts is maximum (or near the maximum).
- the internal pressure of the artery decreases. As the internal pressure of the artery decreases, the artery contracts. Over time, the rate at which the arteries contract is maximized (or near the maximum).
- the fifth timing 85 is affected by arterial compliance and the like, similar to the third timing 83. That is, the fifth timing 85 is determined according to a pressure difference or the like.
- the pulse wave calculation unit 902 calculates a sixth timing 86 at which the second derived signal exceeds a predetermined threshold in one cycle.
- the pulse wave calculation unit 902 may calculate the timing at which the second derived signal becomes maximum (or near the maximum) as the sixth timing 86 in one cycle.
- the occlusion portion 1105 is formed in the artery. Since the heart is past the peak at which it pumps blood, the internal pressure of the artery decreases. When the pressure difference becomes negative, the occlusion 1105 is formed in the artery. Due to the occurrence of the occlusion portion 1105, the speed at which the pulse wave signal changes is less affected by the internal pressure of the artery. As a result, the rate at which the rate at which the pulse wave signal changes decreases rapidly.
- the pulse wave calculation unit 902 has a timing at which the third derived signal becomes maximum (or near the maximum)
- the sixth timing 86 may be calculated by calculating the timing at which the fourth derived signal becomes maximum (or near the maximum). That is, the method for calculating the sixth timing 86 is not limited to the above-described example.
- the calculation method is not limited to the above-described example.
- pulse wave calculation unit 902 calculates pulse wave information based on a plurality of pulse wave signals.
- the pulse wave calculation unit 902 calculates a period at two timings by calculating a difference at two timings among the first timing 81 to the sixth timing 86, for example.
- the pulse wave calculation unit 902 does not necessarily need to calculate a period for one heartbeat, and may calculate the period by calculating a difference between two timings over a plurality of heartbeats.
- the pulse wave calculation unit 902 may calculate the difference in timing between the plurality of heartbeats with respect to one type of timing.
- the method for calculating the period may be a method for calculating a difference between the timing described above and the reference timing.
- the blood pressure estimation device 901 calculates the reference timing based on, for example, a waveform output from the electrocardiograph.
- the reference timing is a timing that is generated in synchronization with the heartbeat period and is not affected by the obstruction 1105.
- the reference timing is a timing that represents characteristics relating to R wave, Q wave, S wave, P wave, T wave, or the like in the electrocardiogram.
- the pulse wave calculation unit 902 can calculate the period with higher accuracy.
- the pulse wave calculation unit 902 may normalize the period described above.
- the normalization method is, for example, a method of calculating a ratio between the obtained period and a heartbeat cycle (for example, a peak interval of a pulse wave, an RR interval of an electrocardiogram), or a combination of different feature points. For example, a method for obtaining a ratio between a plurality of periods.
- the normalization method is not limited to the above-described example. Since normalization can correct the influence of different heartbeat periods on the pulse wave signal, the pulse wave calculation unit 902 further calculates an accurate period.
- the pulse wave calculation unit 902 uses the pressure value of the pressure signal 2003 at a specific first timing or the pressure value of the pressure signal 2003 at a specific second timing as a pressure.
- the pulse wave calculation unit 902 may calculate pressures at different heartbeats by extrapolating the pressure value of the pressure signal 2003 at a specific first timing, for example. That is, the method by which the pulse wave calculation unit 902 calculates the pressure is not limited to the above-described example.
- FIG. 15 is a diagram conceptually showing features of pulse wave information.
- the horizontal axis in FIG. 15 represents pressure, and the higher the right side, the higher the pressure.
- the vertical axis in FIG. 15 represents the pulse wave parameter, and the longer the period, the longer the period.
- the five curves in FIG. 15 define the specific first timing as the fourth timing 84 and the specific second timing at different timings (that is, the first timing 81 to the third timing 83 and the fifth timing.
- the relationship between the pressure and the period when the timing 85 and the sixth timing 86) are defined.
- the pressure is the value of the pressure signal 2003 at the fourth timing 84.
- the first curve 1581 is a curve representing the relationship between the first timing 81 and the fourth timing 84.
- the second curve 1582 is assumed to be a curve representing the relationship between the second timing 82 and the fourth timing 84.
- the third curve 1583 is a curve representing the relationship between the third timing 83 and the fourth timing 84.
- the fifth curve 1585 is assumed to be a curve representing the relationship between the fifth timing 85 and the fourth timing 84.
- the sixth curve 1586 is a curve that represents the relationship between the sixth timing 86 and the fourth timing 84.
- the pressure represents a value when the diastolic blood pressure is 0 and the systolic blood pressure is 100.
- the diastolic blood pressure and the systolic blood pressure are values measured using an auscultatory method.
- the curve representing the relationship between the period and the pressure has the characteristics illustrated in FIG.
- the five curves differ from each other according to a specific second timing. This is because the specific first timing and the specific second timing change according to various factors such as an artery as described above, and do not change uniformly with respect to pressure.
- the first timing 81, the fourth timing 84, and the fifth timing 85 change greatly in the vertical direction.
- the first timing 81, the fourth timing 84, and the fifth timing 85 do not change much.
- the blood pressure estimation unit 103 estimates blood pressure based on this property. Further, the blood pressure estimation unit 103 may read blood pressure associated with the pulse wave information from the blood pressure information, and may estimate that the read blood pressure is blood pressure related to the pulse wave information.
- the blood pressure estimation device 901 estimates blood pressure based on the pulse wave parameter indicating the timing difference described above. For this reason, even if the pulse wave signal includes noise, the noise can be eliminated by calculating the difference. As a result, the blood pressure estimation apparatus 901 according to the present embodiment can estimate blood pressure with high accuracy.
- a general blood pressure measuring apparatus estimates blood pressure based on a pulse wave signal as described above. For this reason, when the pulse wave signal includes noise, the blood pressure measurement device cannot eliminate the noise, and thus cannot accurately estimate the blood pressure.
- the blood pressure estimation device 901 determines the blood pressure in the same manner as the processing described above. Can be estimated.
- FIG. 16 is a diagram conceptually illustrating an example of the relationship between the pressure signal 2003 and the pulse wave parameter when the pressure increases.
- FIG. 17 is a diagram conceptually illustrating an example in which a curve representing a relationship between the pressure signal 2003 and the pulse wave parameter is estimated.
- the horizontal axis in FIG. 16 represents pressure, and the right side represents higher pressure.
- the vertical axis in FIG. 16 represents the value of the pulse wave parameter, and the higher the value is, the larger the pulse wave parameter is.
- the horizontal axis in FIG. 17 represents pressure, and the right side represents higher pressure.
- the vertical axis in FIG. 17 represents the value of the pulse wave parameter, and the higher the value is, the larger the pulse wave parameter is.
- the pulse wave information does not necessarily have to be a table associating the pressure with the period.
- the pulse wave information may be a curve that associates a pressure with a pulse wave parameter, or may be a parameter that represents the curve.
- the pulse wave information may be a curve that is interpolated by extrapolating the value of the pulse wave parameter, or may be a function having pressure and a period as parameters. .
- the pulse wave information may be normalized based on blood pressure or the like.
- a method of extrapolating a curve is a method of fitting (applying) pulse wave information to a predetermined function according to the least square method, a method of fitting based on pattern matching, or the like. is there.
- the blood pressure estimation unit 903 represents the pulse wave information using the curve by fitting the curve to the pulse wave information to which values are given discretely. As described above, the curve increases or decreases depending on when the pressure is lower than the diastolic blood pressure, when the pressure is between the diastolic blood pressure and the systolic blood pressure, and when the pressure is higher than the systolic blood pressure. . Therefore, the blood pressure estimation unit 903 can estimate the diastolic blood pressure and the systolic blood pressure based on the increase or decrease of the fitted curve.
- the accuracy of fitting a curve to pulse wave information is improved, the accuracy of estimating blood pressure is improved.
- the pressure in the pulse wave information includes values of systolic blood pressure or diastolic blood pressure
- the blood pressure estimation unit 903 fits a curve to the pulse wave information with high accuracy. Therefore, the blood pressure estimation unit 903 estimates the blood pressure with high accuracy.
- the blood pressure estimation unit 903 fits a curve to the pulse wave information with higher accuracy. To do. Therefore, the blood pressure estimation unit 903 further estimates the blood pressure with high accuracy.
- the blood pressure estimation device 901 does not necessarily need to calculate pulse wave information based on the pulse wave signal 2001 at a pressure including pulse wave information including systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure.
- the blood pressure estimation device 901 calculates specific pulse wave information based on the pressure signal 2003 that does not necessarily include systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure, and the pulse wave signal 2001 when the pressure signal 2003 is pressurized. .
- the blood pressure estimation device 901 estimates blood pressure associated with pulse wave information similar (or coincident) with the specific pulse wave information as the first blood pressure in the blood pressure information.
- the blood pressure estimation device 901 uses the blood pressure associated with the pulse wave information as the first blood pressure. May be estimated.
- a blood pressure measurement device including the blood pressure estimation device 901 measures blood pressure, such as a process of stopping pressurization and a process of reducing pressure, as the blood pressure estimation device 901 can estimate the first blood pressure.
- the processing to be performed may be terminated.
- the upper limit of the pressure is not particularly limited, but may be set within a pressure range lower than the systolic blood pressure so as to relieve the physical burden associated with pressing the subject.
- the blood pressure estimation unit 903 may estimate a blood pressure index value different from the diastolic blood pressure or the systolic blood pressure without fitting a curve.
- the blood pressure index value is, for example, an average blood pressure value.
- the blood pressure estimation unit 903 estimates the pressure at the timing when the envelope related to the amplitude in the pulse wave signal becomes maximum (or near the maximum) as the oscillometric method, as the average blood pressure value.
- the blood pressure estimation device 901 may estimate blood pressure based on pulse wave information. Even if the pulse wave information is discrete information, the blood pressure estimation device 901 estimates the blood pressure related to the pulse wave signal by obtaining a curve fitting to the pulse wave information. Therefore, according to the blood pressure measurement device having the blood pressure estimation device 901 according to the present embodiment, it is possible to reduce the time for applying a load to the measurement subject, and further to reduce the physical burden associated with the measurement. it can.
- the blood pressure estimation device 901 calculates a pulse wave parameter representing the above-described timing difference even when the pulse wave signal includes noise. Since the noise is reduced by calculating the pulse wave parameter, the blood pressure estimation device 901 according to the present embodiment can estimate the blood pressure with high accuracy without being affected by noise such as body movement. .
- noise is reduced by calculating a difference signal.
- Measured person movement, external vibration, ambient noise, etc. are added to the pulse wave signal as a noise signal.
- measurement signals including noise signals are S 1 and S 2
- pulse wave signals related to the measurement subject are P 1 and P 2 .
- a 1 and a 2 are sufficiently close to 1 (that is, the multiplication noise is sufficiently small), or by extracting a feature quantity that is not affected by the multiplication noise, a 1 and a 2 can be ignored, and noise Can be reduced.
- m a 1 ⁇ a 2 (Formula 5).
- a 1 and a 2 can be ignored to reduce noise. Is possible.
- Multiplication noise and addition noise are added independently to a plurality of pulse wave signals measured by a plurality of pulse wave measuring units close to the installation position. In this case, even if the values of k and m are not fixed, the noise signal component can be reduced by calculating the difference.
- the blood pressure estimation device 901 according to the second embodiment, the blood pressure can be estimated with high accuracy.
- FIG. 18 is a diagram conceptually showing the positional relationship between the cuff 1005 and the three pulse wave measurement units.
- FIG. 18 also shows a specific part and a blood flow in the specific part.
- the blood pressure measurement device 1007 does not include a specific part and blood flow in the specific part.
- the blood pressure measurement device 1007 includes a pulse wave measurement unit 1001, a pulse wave measurement unit 1002, a pulse wave measurement unit 1003, and a cuff 1005.
- the cuff 1005 may have a compression bag 1006.
- the pulse wave measuring unit 1001, the pulse wave measuring unit 1002, and the pulse wave measuring unit 1003 each measure a pulse wave at a specific part.
- measurement signals including noise are S 1 , S 2 , S 3
- pulse wave signals are P 1 , P 2 , P 3 .
- k 1 is defined according to Equation 10.
- Expression 14 represents that the influence of the multiplication noise can be ignored when a 1 is sufficiently close to a 2 and a 3 after canceling the influence of the addition noises b 1 , b 2 , and b 3 . That is, this represents that noise can be reduced.
- Equation 14 represents that the effects of these noises can be reduced by calculating the difference even if the values of k 1 and k 2 are not fixed.
- the blood pressure estimation apparatus 901 can reduce the influence of noise as described above by estimating the blood pressure based on three or more pulse wave signals.
- FIG. 19 is a diagram conceptually showing the positional relationship between the cuff 1005 and the four pulse wave measurement units.
- FIG. 19 also shows a specific part and a blood flow in the specific part.
- the blood pressure measurement device 1008 does not include a specific part and blood flow in the specific part.
- the blood pressure measurement device 1008 includes a pulse wave measurement unit 1001, a pulse wave measurement unit 1002, a pulse wave measurement unit 1003, a pulse wave measurement unit 1004, and a cuff 1005.
- the cuff 1005 may have a compression bag 1006.
- the pulse wave measuring unit 1001, the pulse wave measuring unit 1002, the pulse wave measuring unit 1003, and the pulse wave measuring unit 1004 each measure a pulse wave at a specific part.
- the blood pressure estimation device 901 estimates the blood pressure based on the pulse wave measurement unit 1001, the pulse wave measurement unit 1002, the pulse wave measurement unit 1003, and the pulse wave measurement unit 1004 in the same manner as the above-described processing.
- the blood pressure estimation device 901 can reduce the influence of noise based on the same reason as described above by estimating the blood pressure based on four or more pulse wave signals. it can.
- FIG. 20 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a blood pressure measurement device 1201 according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 21 is a flowchart showing the flow of processing in the blood pressure measurement device 1201 according to the third embodiment.
- the blood pressure measurement device 1201 includes a cuff 401, a pulse wave measurement unit 402, a pressure measurement unit 407, a pressure control unit 1203, an input unit 405, a display unit 406, and a blood pressure estimation device 1202.
- the pressure control unit 1203 performs control to apply the internal pressure of the cuff 401 in response to the start of measurement (step S1301).
- the pressure measurement unit 407 measures the internal pressure of the cuff 401 and transmits the measured pressure as the pressure signal 2003 to the blood pressure estimation device 1202 (step S1302).
- the pulse wave measuring unit 402 measures a pulse wave at a specific part, and transmits the measured pulse wave as a pulse wave signal to the blood pressure estimation device 1202 (step S1302).
- the blood pressure estimation device 1202 receives the pressure signal 2003 and the pulse wave signal, and based on the received pressure signal 2003 and the pulse wave signal, calculates a timing and a period (pulse wave parameter) between a plurality of timings. Calculate (step S1303).
- the blood pressure estimation device 1202 calculates specific pulse wave information by associating the pressure in the period with the pulse wave parameter (step S1304).
- the blood pressure estimation device 1202 reads the blood pressure associated with the specific pulse wave information, and presents the blood pressure as the blood pressure related to the pulse wave signal (step S1305). Thereafter, the blood pressure measurement device 1201 reduces the internal pressure of the cuff 401 (step S1306).
- the blood pressure measurement device 1201 measures the pulse wave after applying the internal pressure to the cuff, but may measure the pulse wave in the process of pressurization.
- the blood pressure estimation device 1202 does not necessarily need to calculate all the pulse wave parameters when other pulse wave parameters can be estimated based on the calculated pulse wave parameters.
- the blood pressure measurement device 1201 does not necessarily need to apply the internal pressure to near the systolic blood pressure. Therefore, according to the blood pressure measurement device 1201 according to the present embodiment, the systolic blood pressure can be determined at a pressure lower than that of a general blood pressure measurement device, so that the measurement time is further shortened and the burden on the measurement subject is further reduced. Can be lowered.
- the third embodiment can enjoy the same effects as those of the first embodiment. . That is, according to the blood pressure measurement device 1201 according to the third embodiment, blood pressure can be measured with high accuracy.
- FIG. 22 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a blood pressure measurement device 2501 according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention.
- the blood pressure measurement device 2501 further includes a determination unit 2502 and a correction unit 2503 in addition to the configuration of the third embodiment.
- the determination unit 2502 determines whether or not the parameter affects the blood pressure estimated based on the parameter indicating the state relating to the measurement subject, the parameter indicating the surrounding environment, and the like.
- the determination unit 2502 determines that blood pressure is affected when a curve fitted to pulse wave information changes according to the parameter, for example.
- the parameter representing the state related to the subject represents, for example, a parameter representing behavior information (for example, supine position, standing position, sitting position, etc.) relating to body position, activity amount, or vital information relating to body temperature, heart rate, etc. Parameters, etc.
- the parameter representing the surrounding environment is, for example, a parameter related to the air temperature, the air temperature near the body surface, or the temperature.
- the parameters representing the state of the person to be measured are a mechanical sensor such as an acceleration sensor, an angular velocity sensor, or an inclinometer installed on the person to be measured, and a general behavior analysis algorithm is applied to the value output by the installed sensor. It is a value calculated by this.
- the parameter representing the surrounding environment is a value or the like output from the installed sensor when the temperature sensor is installed around the measurement subject.
- the correction unit 2503 selects blood pressure information based on the parameter (hereinafter, referred to as “first parameter” for convenience of description) and pulse wave information.
- the blood pressure information associates pulse wave information, blood pressure information, and the parameter.
- the correction unit 2503 reads pulse wave information associated with a parameter representing behavior information (that is, a first parameter) from the blood pressure information. Thereafter, the blood pressure estimation device 1402 estimates blood pressure based on the pulse wave information read by the correction unit 2503.
- the correction unit 2503 may correct the blood pressure information selected based on the pulse wave information based on the parameter. For example, when there is a high correlation between the parameter and the blood pressure, the correction unit 2503 corrects the blood pressure estimated by the blood pressure estimation device 1402 based on the correlation. For example, the correction unit 2503 estimates the blood pressure (represented as “first blood pressure”) based on the correlation between the parameter and the blood pressure, and the weighted average of the estimated first blood pressure and the blood pressure estimated by the blood pressure estimation device 1402 The blood pressure is corrected, for example, by executing a process for calculating.
- the fourth embodiment can enjoy the same effects as those of the third embodiment. That is, according to the blood pressure measurement device 2501 according to the fourth embodiment, the blood pressure can be estimated with high accuracy.
- the correction unit 2503 corrects the blood pressure based on the behavior information, the parameters representing the vital information, and the like.
- the blood pressure measurement device 2501 can measure blood pressure with high accuracy regardless of the measurement environment.
- the blood pressure measurement device 2501 measures the blood pressure, while the determination unit 2502 determines that the blood pressure is affected, the blood pressure measurement device 2501 The aspect which does not measure a blood pressure may be sufficient.
- the blood pressure measurement device 2501 may prompt the remeasurement or display that the person to be measured needs to correct the posture.
- the blood pressure measurement device 2501 may be configured to not start measurement until the determination unit 2502 determines that the blood pressure is not affected.
- the blood pressure estimation device may be realized using at least two calculation processing devices physically or functionally.
- the blood pressure estimation device may be realized as a dedicated device.
- FIG. 23 is a diagram schematically illustrating a hardware configuration of a calculation processing device capable of realizing a pressure control unit in the blood pressure estimation device and the blood pressure measurement device according to the first to fourth embodiments.
- the computer 20 includes a central processing unit (Central Processing Unit, hereinafter referred to as “CPU”) 21, a memory 22, a disk 23, a nonvolatile recording medium 24, an input device 25, an output device 26, and a communication interface (hereinafter referred to as “CPU”). 27) (represented as “communication IF”).
- CPU Central Processing Unit
- the nonvolatile recording medium 24 represents a computer-readable, for example, a compact disc (Compact Disc), a digital versatile disc (Digital_Versatile_Disc), or the like.
- the non-volatile recording medium 24 represents a universal serial bus memory (USB memory), a solid state drive (Solid State Drive) or the like, and retains such a program without being supplied with power so that it can be carried.
- the nonvolatile recording medium 24 is not limited to the above-described medium. Further, the program may be carried via the communication network via the communication IF 27 instead of the nonvolatile recording medium 24.
- the CPU 21 copies a software program (computer program: hereinafter simply referred to as “program”) stored in the disk 23 to the memory 22 and executes arithmetic processing.
- the CPU 21 reads data necessary for program execution from the memory 22.
- the CPU 21 displays the output result on the output device 26.
- the CPU 21 reads the program from the input device 25.
- the CPU 21 stores the memory 22 corresponding to the function (processing) represented by each unit (or pressure control unit) of the blood pressure estimation apparatus shown in FIG. 1, FIG. 7, FIG. 10, FIG. 20, or FIG.
- a blood pressure estimation program (FIG. 2, FIG. 11, or FIG. 21) is interpreted and executed.
- the CPU 21 sequentially performs the processes described in the above-described embodiments of the present invention.
- the present invention can also be achieved by such a blood pressure estimation program. Furthermore, it can be understood that the present invention can also be realized by a computer-readable non-volatile recording medium in which the blood pressure estimation program is recorded.
- the blood pressure estimation means refers to the blood pressure information in which the pulse wave information and the blood pressure related to the pulse wave information are associated with each other, thereby calculating the blood pressure associated with the pulse wave information calculated by the pulse wave calculation means.
- the blood pressure estimation device according to claim 1, wherein the blood pressure relating to the pulse wave signal is estimated based on the obtained blood pressure.
- the blood pressure estimation means reads the blood pressure associated with the specific pulse wave information similar to or coincident with the pulse wave information from the blood pressure information associated with the specific pulse wave information and the blood pressure, The blood pressure estimation device according to claim 1, wherein blood pressure related to the pulse wave signal is estimated based on blood pressure.
- the predetermined condition is whether or not the pulse wave signal is a feature point representing a characteristic related to the pulse wave signal,
- the blood pressure estimation device according to any one of supplementary notes 1 to 3, wherein the pulse wave calculation unit calculates the pulse wave information when the predetermined condition is satisfied.
- the predetermined condition is that the pulse wave signal or a derived signal representing an Nth-order difference or an N-th derivative (where N is an integer of 1 or more) relating to the pulse wave signal is a specific value.
- the pulse wave calculation means calculates the pulse wave information when the pulse wave signal or the derived signal has the specific value based on the predetermined condition. Blood pressure estimation device.
- the predetermined condition is a condition for combining a plurality of the first conditions,
- the blood pressure estimation device according to any one of appendix 1 to appendix 5, wherein the pulse wave calculation unit calculates the pulse wave information when the predetermined condition is satisfied.
- the blood pressure estimation device according to any one of supplementary notes 1 to 7, A pressure measuring unit for measuring the pressure signal; A pulse wave measurement unit for measuring the pulse wave signal; A correction unit, and
- the blood pressure information is information that associates a parameter that represents a state related to the measured person or a parameter that represents a state related to the circumference of the measured person, the pulse wave information, and the blood pressure,
- the correction unit reads the specific pulse wave information associated with the parameter and the blood pressure
- the blood pressure estimation device estimates the blood pressure based on the pressure signal, the pulse wave signal, the specific pulse wave information read by the correction unit, and the blood pressure.
- a pressure control unit for controlling the pressure represented by the pressure signal; The blood pressure measurement device according to claim 8, wherein the pressure control unit stops pressurization in response to the blood pressure estimation device estimating blood pressure related to the pulse wave signal.
Abstract
Description
特定の期間における圧力信号、及び、該特定の期間において前記圧力信号に係る圧力に起因して測定される脈波信号に基づいて、前記脈波信号が所定の条件を満たす複数のタイミングと、前記タイミングの差分を表す期間と、前記期間における前記圧力信号の圧力値とを算出し、前記期間と、前記圧力値とを関連付ける脈波情報を算出する脈波算出手段と、
前記脈波情報に基づき、前記脈波信号に関する血圧を推定する血圧推定手段と
を備える。
情報処理装置を用いて、特定の期間における圧力信号、及び、該特定の期間において前記圧力信号に係る圧力に起因して測定される脈波信号に基づいて、前記脈波信号が所定の条件を満たすタイミングと、前記タイミングの差分を表す期間と、前記期間における前記圧力信号の圧力値とを算出し、前記期間と、前記圧力値とを関連付ける脈波情報を算出し、前記脈波情報に基づき、前記脈波信号に関する血圧を推定する。
本発明の第1の実施形態に係る血圧推定装置101が有する構成と、血圧推定装置101が行う処理とについて、図1と図2とを参照しながら詳細に説明する。図1は、本発明の第1の実施形態に係る血圧推定装置101が有する構成を示すブロック図である。図2は、第1の実施形態に係る血圧推定装置101おける処理の流れを示すフローチャートである。
次に、上述した第2の実施形態を基本とする本発明の第1の実施形態について説明する。
S1=P1×a1+b1・・・(式1)、
S2=P2×a2+b2・・・(式2)、
(ただし、a1及びa2は、それぞれ、脈波信号S1及び脈波信号S2に関する乗算ノイズを表す。また、b1及びb2は、それぞれ、脈波信号S1及び脈波信号S2に関する加算ノイズを表す)。
k=b1÷b2・・・(式3)。
S1-k×S2=P1×a1-P2×k×a2・・・(式4)。
m=a1÷a2・・・(式5)。
S1÷m÷S2=(P1+b1÷a1)÷(P2+k×b2÷a2)・・・(式6)。
S1=P1×a1+b1・・・(式7)、
S2=P2×a2+b2・・・(式8)、
S3=P3×a3+b3・・・(式9)、
(ここで、a1、a2、及び、a3は、脈波信号に関する乗算ノイズ、b1、b2、及び、b3は、脈波信号に関する加算ノイズである)。
k1=b1÷b2・・・(式10)、
k2=b1÷b3・・・(式11)。
S1-k1×S2=P1×a1-P2×k1×a2・・・(式12)、
S1-k2×S3=P1×a1-P3×k2×a3・・・(式13)。
(S1-k1×S2)÷(S1-k2×S3)=(P1-P2×k1×a2÷a1)÷(P1-P3×k2×a3÷a1)・・・(式14)。
次に、上述した第1の実施形態を基本とする本発明の第3の実施形態について説明する。
次に、上述した第3の実施形態を基本とする本発明の第4の実施形態について説明する。
上述した本発明の各実施形態における血圧推定装置を、1つの計算処理装置(情報処理装置、コンピュータ)を用いて実現するハードウェア資源の構成例について説明する。但し、係る血圧推定装置は、物理的または機能的に少なくとも2つの計算処理装置を用いて実現してもよい。また、係る血圧推定装置は、専用の装置として実現してもよい。
(付記1)
特定の期間における圧力信号、及び、該特定の期間において前記圧力信号に係る圧力に起因して測定される脈波信号に基づいて、前記脈波信号が所定の条件を満たす複数のタイミングと、前記タイミングの差分を表す期間と、前記期間における前記圧力信号の圧力値とを算出し、前記期間と、前記圧力値とを関連付ける脈波情報を算出する脈波算出手段と、
前記脈波情報に基づき、前記脈波信号に関する血圧を推定する血圧推定手段と
を備える血圧推定装置。
前記血圧推定手段は、前記脈波情報と、前記脈波情報に関する血圧とが関連付けされた血圧情報を参照することにより、前記脈波算出手段が算出する前記脈波情報に関連付けされた前記血圧を求め、求めた前記血圧に基づき、前記脈波信号に関する血圧を推定する
付記1に記載の血圧推定装置。
前記血圧推定手段は、特定の脈波情報と、血圧とが関連付けされた血圧情報から、前記脈波情報に類似または一致する前記特定の脈波情報に関連付けされた前記血圧を読み取り、読み取った前記血圧に基づき、前記脈波信号に関する血圧を推定する
付記1に記載の血圧推定装置。
前記所定の条件は、前記脈波信号が前記脈波信号に関する特徴を表す特徴点となるかであるか否かであり、
前記脈波算出手段は、前記所定の条件を満たす場合において、前記脈波情報を算出する
付記1乃至付記3のいずれかに記載の血圧推定装置。
前記所定の条件は、前記脈波信号、あるいは、前記脈波信号に係るN階の階差またはN次の微分(ただし、Nは、1以上の整数)を表す導出信号が特定の値であるか否かを表す第1条件であり、
前記脈波算出手段は、前記所定の条件に基づき、前記脈波信号または前記導出信号が、前記特定の値となる場合に、前記脈波情報を算出する
付記1乃至付記3のいずれかに記載の血圧推定装置。
前記所定の条件は、前記第1条件を複数組み合わせる条件であり、
前記脈波算出手段は、前記所定の条件を満たす場合に、前記脈波情報を算出する
付記1乃至付記5のいずれかに記載の血圧推定装置。
前記脈波算出手段は、心拍が特定の特徴を表すタイミングと、前記複数のタイミングのうち1つのタイミングとにおける前記期間を算出する
付記1乃至付記6のいずれかに記載の血圧推定装置。
付記1乃至付記7のいずれかに記載の血圧推定装置と、
前記圧力信号を計測する圧力計測部と、
前記脈波信号を測定する脈波計測部と、
補正部と
をさらに備え、
前記血圧情報は、被測定者に関する状態を表すパラメタまたは該被測定者の周囲に関する状態を表すパラメタと、前記脈波情報と、前記血圧とを関連付けする情報であり、
前記補正部は、前記パラメタに関連付けされた、前記特定の脈波情報と、前記血圧とを読み取り、
前記血圧推定装置は、前記圧力信号と、前記脈波信号と、前記補正部が読み取る前記特定の脈波情報と、前記血圧とに基づき前記血圧を推定する
血圧測定装置。
前記圧力信号が表す圧力を制御する圧力制御部
をさらに備え、
前記圧力制御部は、前記血圧推定装置が前記脈波信号に関する血圧を推定するのに応じて、加圧を停止する
付記8に記載の血圧測定装置。
情報処理装置を用いて、特定の期間における圧力信号と、該特定の期間において前記圧力信号に係る圧力に起因して測定される脈波信号に基づき、前記脈波信号が所定の条件を満たすタイミングと、前記タイミングの差分を表す期間と、前記期間における前記圧力信号の圧力値とを算出し、前記期間と、前記圧力値とを関連付ける脈波情報を算出し、前記脈波情報に基づき、前記脈波信号に関する血圧を推定する血圧推定方法。
特定の期間における圧力信号と、該特定の期間において前記圧力信号に係る圧力に起因して測定される脈波信号に基づき、前記脈波信号が所定の条件を満たすタイミングと、前記タイミングの差分を表す期間と、前記期間における前記圧力信号の圧力値とを算出し、前記期間と、前記圧力値とを関連付ける脈波情報を算出する脈波算出機能と、
前記脈波情報に基づき、前記脈波信号に関する血圧を推定する血圧推定機能と
をコンピュータに実現させる血圧推定プログラムを記録する記録媒体。
102 脈波算出部
103 血圧推定部
2001 脈波信号
2003 圧力信号
401 カフ
402 脈波計測部
404 圧力制御部
405 入力部
406 表示部
407 圧力計測部
408 血圧測定装置
901 血圧推定装置
902 脈波算出部
903 血圧推定部
1101 皮膚
1102 皮下組織
1103 動脈壁
1104 血流
1105 閉塞部
a 状態
b 状態
81 第1タイミング
82 第2タイミング
83 第3タイミング
84 第4タイミング
85 第5タイミング
86 第6タイミング
1581 第1曲線
1582 第2曲線
1583 第3曲線
1585 第5曲線
1586 第6曲線
1001 脈波計測部
1002 脈波計測部
1003 脈波計測部
1004 脈波計測部
1005 カフ
1006 流体袋
1007 血圧測定装置
1008 血圧測定装置
1201 血圧測定装置
1202 血圧推定装置
1203 圧力制御部
2501 血圧測定装置
2502 判定部
2503 補正部
20 計算処理装置
21 CPU
22 メモリ
23 ディスク
24 不揮発性記録媒体
25 入力装置
26 出力装置
27 通信IF
Claims (10)
- 特定の期間における圧力信号、及び、該特定の期間において前記圧力信号に係る圧力に起因して測定される脈波信号に基づいて、前記脈波信号が所定の条件を満たす複数のタイミングと、前記タイミングの差分を表す期間と、前記期間における前記圧力信号の圧力値とを算出し、前記期間と、前記圧力値とを関連付ける脈波情報を算出する脈波算出手段と、
前記脈波情報に基づき、前記脈波信号に関する血圧を推定する血圧推定手段と
を備える血圧推定装置。 - 前記血圧推定手段は、前記脈波情報と、前記脈波情報に関する血圧とが関連付けされた血圧情報を参照することにより、前記脈波算出手段が算出する前記脈波情報に関連付けされた前記血圧を求め、求めた前記血圧に基づき、前記脈波信号に関する血圧を推定する
請求項1に記載の血圧推定装置。 - 前記血圧推定手段は、特定の脈波情報と、血圧とが関連付けされた血圧情報から、前記脈波情報に類似または一致する前記特定の脈波情報に関連付けされた前記血圧を読み取り、読み取った前記血圧に基づき、前記脈波信号に関する血圧を推定する
請求項1に記載の血圧推定装置。 - 前記所定の条件は、前記脈波信号が前記脈波信号に関する特徴を表す特徴点となるかであるか否かであり、
前記脈波算出手段は、前記所定の条件を満たす場合において、前記脈波情報を算出する
請求項1乃至請求項3のいずれかに記載の血圧推定装置。 - 前記所定の条件は、前記脈波信号、あるいは、前記脈波信号に係るN階の階差またはN次の微分(ただし、Nは、1以上の整数)を表す導出信号が特定の値であるか否かを表す第1条件であり、
前記脈波算出手段は、前記所定の条件に基づき、前記脈波信号または前記導出信号が、前記特定の値となる場合に、前記脈波情報を算出する
請求項1乃至請求項3のいずれかに記載の血圧推定装置。 - 前記所定の条件は、前記第1条件を複数組み合わせる条件であり、
前記脈波算出手段は、前記所定の条件を満たす場合に、前記脈波情報を算出する
請求項1乃至請求項5のいずれかに記載の血圧推定装置。 - 前記脈波算出手段は、心拍が特定の特徴を表すタイミングと、前記複数のタイミングのうち1つのタイミングとにおける前記期間を算出する
請求項1乃至請求項6のいずれかに記載の血圧推定装置。 - 請求項1乃至請求項7のいずれかに記載の血圧推定装置と、
前記圧力信号を計測する圧力計測部と、
前記脈波信号を測定する脈波計測部と、
補正部と
をさらに備え、
前記血圧情報は、被測定者に関する状態を表すパラメタまたは該被測定者の周囲に関する状態を表すパラメタと、前記脈波情報と、前記血圧とを関連付けする情報であり、
前記補正部は、第1パラメタと類似または一致するパラメタに関連付けされた、前記特定の脈波情報と前記血圧とを読み取り、
前記血圧推定装置は、前記圧力信号と、前記脈波信号と、前記補正部が読み取る前記特定の脈波情報と、前記血圧とに基づき前記血圧を推定する
血圧測定装置。 - 情報処理装置を用いて、特定の期間における圧力信号、及び、該特定の期間において前記圧力信号に係る圧力に起因して測定される脈波信号に基づいて、前記脈波信号が所定の条件を満たすタイミングと、前記タイミングの差分を表す期間と、前記期間における前記圧力信号の圧力値とを算出し、前記期間と、前記圧力値とを関連付ける脈波情報を算出し、前記脈波情報に基づき、前記脈波信号に関する血圧を推定する血圧推定方法。
- 特定の期間における圧力信号、及び、該特定の期間において前記圧力信号に係る圧力に起因して測定される脈波信号に基づいて、前記脈波信号が所定の条件を満たすタイミングと、前記タイミングの差分を表す期間と、前記期間における前記圧力信号の圧力値とを算出し、前記期間と、前記圧力値とを関連付ける脈波情報を算出する脈波算出機能と、
前記脈波情報に基づき、前記脈波信号に関する血圧を推定する血圧推定機能と
をコンピュータに実現させる血圧推定プログラムを記録する記録媒体。
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JP2017136240A (ja) * | 2016-02-04 | 2017-08-10 | 株式会社デンソー | 血圧計 |
JP2020014717A (ja) * | 2018-07-26 | 2020-01-30 | オムロンヘルスケア株式会社 | 生体データ測定システム及び情報処理装置 |
WO2022034940A1 (ko) * | 2020-08-11 | 2022-02-17 | 엘지전자 주식회사 | 혈압 측정 장치 및 그 방법 |
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WO2018136135A1 (en) | 2017-01-18 | 2018-07-26 | Physio-Control, Inc. | Non-invasive blood pressure measurement using ultrasound |
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