WO2012146213A1 - 用于将零件夹持在轴上的预紧锁紧装置 - Google Patents

用于将零件夹持在轴上的预紧锁紧装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012146213A1
WO2012146213A1 PCT/CN2012/074938 CN2012074938W WO2012146213A1 WO 2012146213 A1 WO2012146213 A1 WO 2012146213A1 CN 2012074938 W CN2012074938 W CN 2012074938W WO 2012146213 A1 WO2012146213 A1 WO 2012146213A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
nut
backing ring
pretensioning
shaft
locking device
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2012/074938
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
涂建刚
贺军
范明
谢英
唐志军
赵荣辉
姚曼萍
Original Assignee
株洲硬质合金集团有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 株洲硬质合金集团有限公司 filed Critical 株洲硬质合金集团有限公司
Priority to EP12777836.3A priority Critical patent/EP2711099B1/en
Publication of WO2012146213A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012146213A1/zh

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25B—TOOLS OR BENCH DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, FOR FASTENING, CONNECTING, DISENGAGING OR HOLDING
    • B25B29/00—Accessories
    • B25B29/02—Bolt tensioners
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
    • B21B27/00—Rolls, roll alloys or roll fabrication; Lubricating, cooling or heating rolls while in use
    • B21B27/02—Shape or construction of rolls
    • B21B27/03—Sleeved rolls
    • B21B27/035—Rolls for bars, rods, rounds, tubes, wire or the like
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B31/00—Screwed connections specially modified in view of tensile load; Break-bolts
    • F16B31/04—Screwed connections specially modified in view of tensile load; Break-bolts for maintaining a tensile load
    • F16B31/043—Prestressed connections tensioned by means of liquid, grease, rubber, explosive charge, or the like

Definitions

  • Pre-tightening device for clamping a part on a shaft
  • the invention relates to a pretensioning locking device for clamping a part on a shaft, in particular a hard alloy roll. Further, the present invention relates to a method of assembling a cemented carbide roll using the pre-tightening locking device, and a cemented carbide roll assembled by the method. Background technique
  • Cemented carbide composite rolls typically include a roll master with a boss and a plurality of spaced apart alloy roll rings and spacers that fit over the parent shaft and abut against the roll boss boss. Wherein, the alloy roll ring and the spacer ring are fixedly held on the roll parent shaft by a pre-tightening locking device.
  • hydraulic nuts can be utilized to achieve the assembly of cemented carbide composite rolls.
  • the hydraulic nut can generate a large axial preload, ensuring that the fastened mechanism can effectively overcome the axial creep and stabilize the fastening under the condition of large fluctuations such as vibration, temperature change and impact.
  • Chinese patent CN 01240838.7 discloses a hydraulic nut device comprising a pressure measuring joint and a pressure measuring exhaust joint. A seal is provided between the annular boss and the circumferential contact surface of the groove in the nut body, which operates under pressure.
  • the hydraulic nut device has the characteristics of simple structure, easy manufacture, low cost, and large output thrust. However, the device requires pressure measurement and pressure compensation during use, otherwise it may loosen, the fastening is unstable, and finally the fastening mechanism fails.
  • Some hydraulic pretensioning mechanisms are also disclosed in Chinese patents CN 02208899.7, CN 03226253.1 and CN 200520050660.9.
  • a common feature of these hydraulic pretensioning mechanisms is that when the hydraulic nut reaches the required preload, a grommet (slightly smaller than a semicircle), a beveled locking ring or between the hydraulic nut and the clamped part is inserted.
  • a wedge ring or the like is provided to fill a gap between the hydraulic nut and the clamping member, transmit pressure, and maintain the pre-tightening force of the fastening mechanism after the hydraulic nut is relieved.
  • the biggest advantage of the hydraulic preloading mechanism of this type of construction is that the hydraulic nut does not need to work under pressure, so it is very safe and the preload is stable and reliable.
  • the disadvantage is that the seal of the hydraulic nut is made of a polymer material, which is susceptible to aging due to factors such as temperature, oil, moisture, etc., and is not suitable for multiple use.
  • such high pressure resistant seals are materially demanding and expensive. Summary of the invention
  • the present invention is directed to a pretensioning locking device for fastening a component to a shaft, which is capable of reliably pre-tightening and locking a component to be assembled on a shaft without requiring the hydraulic nut to be long-term Affect the working environment, resulting in a long service life.
  • a pretensioning locking device for clamping a part on a shaft, comprising: a backing ring having opposite first end faces and second end faces, the backing ring being sleeved on the shaft Upper, and its first end surface is tightly engaged with the part to be clamped; a pre-tightening nut threadedly engaged on the shaft, one end of which engages with the second end surface of the backing ring; a hydraulic nut threadedly engaged on the outer side of the pre-tightening nut,
  • the annular piston of the hydraulic nut is capable of exerting a force on the backing ring under the action of fluid pressure to form a gap between the backing ring and the pre-tightening nut; and a filler for filling the gap.
  • the pre-tightening force can be maintained by filling the gap formed between the pre-tightening nut and the backing ring under the fluid pressure by the filling member, so that the on-axis part can be firmly held.
  • the hydraulic nut can be removed so that the hydraulic nut does not remain on the shaft and participates in the operation of the shaft.
  • the hydraulic nut is only used during the pre-tightening process and is not exposed to the often harsh environment of the shaft. As a result, the service life of the hydraulic nut is significantly extended.
  • the preload nut includes an axial through bore and a force transmitting member movable within the axial through bore.
  • the force transmitting member has a length greater than the length of the axial through hole, one end of which is engaged with the annular piston and the other end is engaged with the backing ring, so that the annular piston applies a force to the backing ring through the force transmitting member.
  • annular backing ring is also provided between the annular piston and the force transmitting member for uniform force transmission.
  • the area of the first end surface of the backing ring is greater than the area of the second end surface.
  • the axial through bore is completely within the second end face of the backing ring.
  • the backing ring includes a large end portion defining a first end face and a small end portion defining a second end face.
  • the ring ring becomes a "T-shaped" backing ring.
  • a fastener is provided on the outer circumference of the small end portion for fixing the filler to the backing ring. Thereby, the formed preload force can be effectively maintained.
  • the filler member is a pair of half-ring members having a height equal to the width of the gap.
  • the half ring member is composed of a standard half ring member having a certain thickness. The number of standard half-rings is appropriately selected in operation in accordance with the width of the gap formed to match the gap formed.
  • the hydraulic nut is constructed in the form of a flange.
  • the preload nut is housed in the inner cavity of the flange.
  • the pretensioning nut comprises an axially threaded through hole, the filler member being a fastening screw threadedly engaged with the axial threaded through hole and capable of passing through the axially threaded through hole It is fixed on the backing ring. The tightening screw is used to fill the gap formed between the preload nut and the backing ring under the pressure of the fluid, so that the gap can be accurately filled, and the appropriate half ring member (for example, combining a plurality of standard half ring members) can be avoided to be adapted.
  • the process of the gap simplifies the operation.
  • the tightening screw is used to fill the gap, and the coaxiality between the roller parent shaft and the on-shaft component after pre-tightening and locking can be accurately maintained, and the radial runout of the components on the shaft can be reduced.
  • the hydraulic nut is constructed in the form of a hollow cylinder and the annular piston acts directly on the backing ring.
  • the hydraulic nut can be removed after the part is clamped on the shaft.
  • the shaft is preferably a roll parent of a cemented carbide composite roll, the part to be clamped comprising spaced apart alloy roll rings and spacers which are clamped against the boss of the roll parent shaft .
  • a method of clamping a part on a shaft using the pre-tightening locking device described above comprising the steps of: sleeving the backing ring on the shaft such that the first end face is tightly attached to the part to be clamped Engaging; threading the pre-tightening nut onto the shaft to engage one end with the second end surface of the backing ring; threading the hydraulic nut onto the outer side of the pre-tightening nut; injecting high-pressure fluid into the hydraulic nut, making the hydraulic nut
  • the annular piston exerts a force on the backing ring under the action of fluid pressure to form a gap between the backing ring and the pre-tightening nut; filling the gap with the filling member; and removing the fluid pressure to remove the hydraulic nut.
  • a cemented carbide composite roll comprising an alloy roll ring and a spacer ring fastened to a boss of a roll parent shaft by the above method.
  • the pre-tightening force can be maintained by filling the gap formed between the pre-tightening nut and the backing ring under the fluid pressure by the filling member, so that the on-axis part can be firmly held.
  • the hydraulic nut can then be removed, as well as other related parts such as the force transmission column and the annular backing ring.
  • the hydraulic nut is not used in conjunction with the cemented carbide composite roll for the rolling operation of the cemented carbide composite roll. Therefore, the hydraulic nut and the seals in it will not be affected by adverse factors such as temperature, oil, moisture and the like in the working environment for a long time. This significantly increases the service life of the hydraulic nut.
  • removable hydraulic nuts and force transmission columns can be reused.
  • the cemented carbide composite rolls assembled using the pre-tightening device do not include hydraulic nuts, which significantly reduces costs while still achieving reliable pre-tightening.
  • Fig. 1 schematically shows the structure of a pretensioning locking device according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a view schematically showing the process of assembling the cemented carbide roll by using the pre-tightening locking device shown in Fig. 1.
  • Fig. 3 schematically shows a cemented carbide roll assembled by the pretensioning locking device shown in Fig. 1.
  • Fig. 4 is a view schematically showing the construction of a pretensioning locking device according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 5 is a view schematically showing the process of assembling the cemented carbide roll by using the pre-tightening locking device shown in Fig. 4.
  • Fig. 6 is a view schematically showing a cemented carbide roll assembled by the pretensioning locking device shown in Fig. 4. detailed description
  • the cemented carbide composite roll generally includes a roll parent g with a boss h.
  • the staggered arrangement of the alloy roll ring f and the spacer e are placed on the parent shaft g and abut against the roll parent boss h. It is easy to understand that although the two sets of alloy roll rings f and the spacers e are shown in Fig. 2, the number thereof may be appropriately changed depending on the needs of the specific case.
  • a pretensioning locking device 100 comprises a backing ring 1 mounted on a roll parent g and passing through its first end face 11 with the part to be clamped, i.e.
  • One of the alloy roll ring f and the spacer e (in this embodiment, the spacer e as shown in Fig. 2) is tightly joined.
  • the pre-tightening locking device 100 further includes a pre-tightening nut 3, the inner and outer surfaces of which are provided with threads.
  • the pre-tightening nut 3 is fitted to the roll parent g by its internal thread and acts on the second end face 12 of the backing ring 1 opposite to the first end face 11 at one end (upper end in the figure).
  • the pretensioning locking device 100 also includes a hydraulic nut 4.
  • the hydraulic nut 4 is constructed in the form of a flange whose internal cavity is provided with an internal thread that can cooperate with the external thread of the preload nut 3, thereby accommodating the pretension nut 3 in its inner cavity.
  • the hydraulic nut 4 includes a cylinder 41 disposed on the bottom surface of the inner cavity thereof, an annular piston 5 disposed in the cylinder 41, a seal ring 6 disposed between the annular piston 5 and the cylinder 41, and a communication with the annular piston 5. Fluid passage 42.
  • This structure and function of the hydraulic nut is a person skilled in the art. The members are well known, so the detailed introduction is omitted here.
  • the pretensioning nut 3 includes a plurality of axial through holes 31 uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction.
  • a force transmitting member movable in the axial through hole 31 is provided in each of the axial through holes 31, and is preferably a rod-shaped transmitting member 7.
  • the length of the transmission post 7 is greater than the length of the axial through hole 31 such that one end thereof engages with the second end face 12 of the backing ring 1 and the other end engages with the annular piston 5.
  • the pretensioning locking device 100 further includes a filler member, the function of which will be described in detail below.
  • the filler member is a pair of half ring members 2 having a certain height.
  • Figure 2 shows the process of assembling a cemented carbide composite roll using a pre-tightening locking device 100.
  • the female shaft g is vertically erected with the boss h below (i.e., rotated 180 degrees with respect to Fig. 2), and is fixed to a bracket not shown.
  • the first cemented carbide roll f, the first spacer 6, the second cemented carbide roll f, the second spacer e and the backing ring 1 are sequentially loaded so that the first cemented carbide roll f abuts On the boss h, and the first end face 11 of the backing ring 1 abuts against the second spacer e.
  • the annular piston 5 in the cylinder 41 is pressurized by the fluid passage 42.
  • the annular piston 5 is axially moved by the force, thereby jacking up the force transmission column 7, and transmitting the pressure to the backing ring 1.
  • the backing ring 1 produces an axial displacement, first eliminating the axial gap between the cemented carbide roll ring f and the spacer ring e.
  • the shaft mechanism is forced to elastically deform, such as the compression of the spacer ring, the elongation of the shaft, the deformation of the thread, and the like, thereby forming a preload.
  • a certain gap is formed between the back ring 1 and the preload nut 3.
  • the half ring member 2 When the oil pressure in the hydraulic nut 4 reaches a design value, the half ring member 2 is inserted into the gap between the back ring 1 and the pretension nut 3, wherein the height of the half ring member 2 is selected to be substantially equal to the gap formed. The width of the half ring 2 is fixed to the backing ring 1 by fasteners. Then, the oil pressure in the hydraulic nut 4 is removed, and the gasket 1 and the pre-tightening nut 3 are tightly pressed by the half-ring 2 to maintain the pre-tightening force.
  • the hydraulic nut 4 can be removed by inserting a suitable tool, such as a skid, into the unloading hole 43 on the outer circumference of the hydraulic nut 4, and the force transmitting column 7 can be taken out.
  • a suitable tool such as a skid
  • the cemented carbide composite roll is assembled, as shown in Figure 3.
  • the cemented carbide composite roll can be further installed and put into operation.
  • the hydraulic screw can be removed after the assembly is completed
  • the mother makes it unnecessary for the hydraulic nut to be used in the rolling operation together with the cemented carbide composite roll.
  • the hydraulic nut and the seal therein are not affected by the adverse factors such as temperature, oil, moisture and the like in the working environment for a long time, and the service life thereof is remarkably improved.
  • the removable hydraulic nut and the force transmission column can be reused.
  • the cemented carbide composite rolls assembled using the pre-tightening device do not include hydraulic nuts, which significantly reduces costs while still achieving reliable pre-tightening.
  • the force transmitting column 7 and the hydraulic nut 4 are assembled in this order as described above.
  • a high pressure fluid is introduced into the hydraulic nut 4, and the ring ring 1 is lifted by the annular piston 5 and the force transmitting column 7, so that the half ring member 2 is separated from the preload nut 3.
  • the fastener can be loosened to remove the half ring member 2.
  • the pressure is released and the pre-tightening force is eliminated, so that the pre-tightening nut 3, the backing ring 1, the cemented carbide roll ring f and the spacer e can be sequentially removed.
  • annular piston 5 is arranged between the annular piston 5 and the force transmitting column 7.
  • the area of the first end face 11 of the backing ring 1 that engages the part to be clamped is larger than the area of the second end face 12 that engages the preload nut 3 for better axial force transmission.
  • the axial through hole 31 of the pretensioning nut 3 is arranged to look in the axial direction, and the axial through hole 31 is completely in the second end face 12 of the backing ring 1. This arrangement is capable of further uniformly transmitting the force of the annular piston.
  • the backing ring 1 includes a large end portion defining a first end face 11 and a small end portion defining a second end face 12, i.e., the backing ring 1 is constructed as a so-called "T-shaped" backing ring.
  • a fastener for fixing the half ring member 2 to the backing ring 1 is provided on the outer circumference of the small end portion, which is a bolt 8 in the illustrated embodiment.
  • the half ring member 2 can be comprised of a standard set of standard half ring members having a standard thickness. In actual operation, an appropriate number of standard half-rings are selected depending on the actual size of the gap formed so as to be inserted into the gap formed. Further, it is easily understood that, in addition to the provision of the relief hole 43 on the outer circumference of the hydraulic nut 4, a corresponding annular piston relief hole (not shown) and a spacer ring may be selectively provided on the outer circumferences of the annular piston and the spacer ring, respectively. The hole 14 is unloaded to facilitate loading and unloading of the annular piston and the backing ring.
  • the pretensioning locking device 200 comprises: a backing ring
  • the pretensioning nut 3 is fitted to the roll parent g by its internal thread and acts on the second end face 112 of the backing ring 101 at one end thereof (left end in Fig. 4).
  • the pretensioning locking device 200 also includes a hydraulic nut 104.
  • the hydraulic nut 104 is constructed in the form of a hollow cylinder that is mounted on the external thread on the preload nut 103 by internal threads.
  • the annular piston 105 of the hydraulic nut 104 acts on the radially outer side of the preload nut 103 against the second end face 112 of the backing ring 101.
  • the preload nut 103 includes a plurality of axial threaded through holes 131 uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction.
  • a fastening screw 107 is provided in each of the threaded through holes 131. The fastening screw 107 is engaged in the threaded through hole 131 and is axially movable within the threaded through hole 131.
  • Figure 5 shows the process of assembling a cemented carbide composite roll using a pre-tightening locking device 200.
  • the female shaft g is vertically erected with the boss h below (i.e., rotated 90 degrees counterclockwise with respect to Fig. 5), and is fixed to a bracket not shown.
  • the first cemented carbide roll f, the spacer e, the second cemented carbide roll f and the backing ring 1 are sequentially loaded so that the first cemented carbide roll f abuts against the boss h, and the back ring
  • the first end face 111 of the 101 abuts against the second cemented carbide roll ring f.
  • the preload nut 103 is screwed onto the parent shaft g such that one end thereof abuts against the second end face 112 of the backing ring 101.
  • the hydraulic nut 104 is then screwed onto the preload nut 103, preferably such that the annular piston 105 is just in contact with the second end face 112 of the backing ring 101.
  • the annular piston 105 in the cylinder 141 is pressurized by the fluid passage 142.
  • the ring piston 105 is axially moved by the force, thereby transmitting the pressure to the backing ring 101.
  • the backing ring 101 produces an axial displacement, first eliminating the axial gap between the cemented carbide roll ring f and the spacer ring e.
  • the shaft mechanism is forced to elastically deform, such as the compression of the spacer ring, the elongation of the shaft, the deformation of the thread, and the like, thereby forming a preload.
  • a certain gap will be formed between the back ring 101 and the pre-tightening nut 103.
  • the fastening screw 107 is screwed into the threaded through hole 131 and adjusted so that the front end of the fastening screw 107 protrudes beyond the threaded through hole 131, thereby filling up the formation
  • a gap is formed between the backing ring 101 and the pre-tightening nut 103, and is engaged with the second end surface 112 of the backing ring 101. Then, the oil pressure in the hydraulic nut 104 can be removed, and the backing ring 101 and the pre-tightening nut 103 are tightly pressed by the tightening screws 107 to maintain the pre-tightening force.
  • the hydraulic nut 104 can be removed by inserting a suitable tool, such as a skid, into the unloading hole 143 on the outer circumference of the hydraulic nut 104.
  • a suitable tool such as a skid
  • the cemented carbide composite roll is assembled, as shown in Figure 6.
  • the cemented carbide composite roll can be further installed and put into operation.
  • the hydraulic nut can be removed after the assembly is completed, so that the hydraulic nut does not need to be used in the rolling operation together with the cemented carbide composite roll.
  • the hydraulic nut and the seal therein are not affected by the adverse factors such as temperature, oil, moisture and the like in the working environment for a long time, and the service life thereof is remarkably improved.
  • the removable hydraulic nut can be reused.
  • the cemented carbide composite rolls assembled using the pre-tightening device do not include hydraulic nuts, which significantly reduces costs while still achieving reliable pre-tightening.
  • the fastening screw 107 to fill the gap between the backing ring 101 and the pre-tightening nut 103, the gap can be accurately filled, thereby eliminating the need to select a half-ring having a suitable height (for example, combining several standard half-rings) Together) to adapt the process of the gap, thus simplifying the operation.
  • the tightening screw 107 is used to fill the gap, and the coaxiality between the roll parent shaft and the on-axis component can be accurately maintained, and the radial runout of the components on the shaft can be reduced.
  • the structure is also very simple and easy to produce.
  • the fastening screw 107 is a hex flat end fastening screw. This makes it possible to carry out a simple and quick operation of the fastening screw 107.
  • the length of the hexagonal flat end fastening screw can be selected to be substantially equal to the length of the axial threaded through hole 131.
  • fastening screws 107 There are usually a plurality of fastening screws 107 which are evenly distributed in the circumferential direction.
  • a force wrench can be used to twist the fastening screws 107 within the threaded through holes 131 to ensure that the force of each of the fastening screws 107 is uniform, thereby ensuring accurate filling of the gap.
  • the pre-tightening nut, the hydraulic nut, the annular backing ring, the backing ring, the annular piston, the half ring member and the like can be made of high-strength steel, especially high-strength alloy structural steel.
  • the pre-tightening nut, the hydraulic nut, the annular gasket are made of, for example, 35CrMnSiA
  • the backing ring, the annular piston, and the half ring member are made of, for example, 42CrMo
  • the force transmitting column can be made of high compressive strength material, especially hard.
  • alloy such as YL10.2.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Reduction Rolling/Reduction Stand/Operation Of Reduction Machine (AREA)
  • Rolls And Other Rotary Bodies (AREA)

Description

用于将零件夹持在轴上的预紧锁紧装置 技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于将零件夹持在轴上的预紧锁紧装置，该轴尤其为硬质合 金轧辊。此外， 本发明还涉及一种使用该预紧锁紧装置来装配硬质合金轧辊的方 法， 以及通过该方法装配得到的硬质合金轧辊。 背景技术
在机械行业中经常需要在轴上固定夹持多个零件。例如， 在热轧钢材生产过 程中， 通常使用各种硬质合金复合轧辊， 以提高轧辊的寿命和改善轧材的表面质 量。硬质合金复合轧辊通常包括带有凸台的轧辊母轴， 以及套装在母轴上且紧靠 轧辊母轴凸台的多个间隔式布置的合金辊环和隔环。其中， 通过预紧锁紧装置将 合金辊环和隔环固定地夹持在轧辊母轴上。
已经知道， 可以利用液压螺母来将实现硬质合金复合轧辊的装配。液压螺母 能产生较大的轴向预紧力， 保证已紧固的机构在振动、温度变化、冲击等环境波 动大的情况下有效克服轴向蠕变， 稳定紧固。
中国专利 CN 01240838.7 公布了一种液压螺母装置， 其包括测压接头和测 压排气接头。在其环状凸台与螺母体内的凹槽周向接触面之间设有密封件， 其在 压力下工作。 该液压螺母装置具有结构简单、 制造容易、 成本低、 输出推力大等 特点。然而，该装置在使用过程中需要测压和补压，否则有可能松动，紧固不稳， 最终导致紧固机构失效。
在中国专利 CN 02208899.7、 CN 03226253.1和 CN 200520050660.9中也公 开了一些液压预紧机构。这些液压预紧机构的共同特点是， 当液压螺母达到了所 需的预紧力后， 在液压螺母与被夹持零件之间塞入垫环 （略小于半圆）、 带斜面 的锁紧环或者楔形环等， 以便填充液压螺母与夹持零件间的间隙， 传递压力， 并 且在液压螺母卸压后保持紧固机构的预紧力。此类结构的液压预紧机构最大的优 点是， 液压螺母不需要在压力下工作， 因此非常安全， 并且预紧稳定可靠。 然而 其缺点是， 液压螺母的密封件由高分子材料制成， 其受温度、 油、 水气等因素的 影响易于老化，不利于多次使用。此外，这种耐高压的密封件对材料的要求苛刻， 价格昂贵。 发明内容
针对上述问题， 本发明旨在提供一种用于将零件紧固在轴上的预紧锁紧装 置， 其能够将待装配零件可靠地预紧和锁紧在轴上， 同时无需使液压螺母长期承 受工作环境的影响， 由此获得较长的使用寿命。
根据本发明的第一方面， 提供了一种用于将零件夹持在轴上的预紧锁紧装 置， 包括： 具有相对的第一端面和第二端面的垫环， 该垫环套在轴上， 并且其第 一端面与待夹持零件紧密接合； 螺纹接合在轴上的预紧螺母， 其一端与垫环的第 二端面相接合； 螺纹接合在预紧螺母的外侧上的液压螺母， 该液压螺母的环形活 塞能够在流体压力的作用下对垫环施加作用力，从而在垫环和预紧螺母之间形成 间隙； 以及用于填充该间隙的填充件。
根据本发明，通过用填充件来填充在流体压力作用下形成于预紧螺母和垫环 之间的间隙， 就可以保持预紧力， 使得轴上零件能够被牢固地夹持住。在这种情 况下， 可以拆下液压螺母， 使得液压螺母不会保留在轴上而参与轴的操作。 也就 是说， 液压螺母仅在预紧锁紧过程中使用， 而不会暴露在轴的通常为恶劣的使用 环境下。 由此， 显著地延长了液压螺母的使用寿命。
根据本发明的一个优选实施例，预紧螺母包括轴向通孔和能在轴向通孔内运 动的传力件。该传力件的长度大于轴向通孔的长度， 其一端与环形活塞接合而另 一端与垫环接合， 使得环形活塞通过传力件来对垫环施加作用力。
在一个实施例中， 在环形活塞和传力件之间还设置有额外的环形垫环， 以实 现均匀的力传递。
在一个实施例中， 垫环的第一端面的面积大于第二端面的面积。优选地， 轴 向通孔完全处于垫环的第二端面内。在一个具体实施例中， 垫环包括限定了第一 端面的大端部分和限定了第二端面的小端部分。 由此， 垫环形成了" T型"垫环。 在小端部分的外周上设有紧固件， 用于将填充件固定在垫环上。 由此， 可以有效 地保持所形成的预紧力。
在一个实施例中， 填充件为一对半环件， 其高度等于间隙的宽度。 优选地， 所述半环件由具有一定厚度的标准半环件组成。在操作中根据所形成的间隙的宽 度来适当选择标准半环件的数量， 以便与所形成的间隙相适配。
在一个可选实施例中， 液压螺母构成为法兰的形式。在这种情况下， 预紧螺 母容纳在法兰的内腔中。 根据本发明的另一个优选实施例， 预紧螺母包括轴向螺纹通孔， 填充件为紧 固螺钉， 该紧固螺钉与轴向螺纹通孔螺纹式接合， 并能穿过轴向螺纹通孔而固定 在垫环上。利用紧固螺钉来填充在流体压力作用下形成于预紧螺母和垫环之间的 间隙，可以准确地填充间隙，避免选择适当的半环件（例如组合多个标准半环件） 来适配该间隙的工序， 从而简化了操作。 同时， 采用紧固螺钉来填充间隙， 也可 以精确地保持在预紧和锁紧后轧辊母轴和轴上零部件之间的同轴度，减少轴上零 部件的径向跳动。
在一个实施例中， 液压螺母构成为空心柱体的形式， 并且环形活塞直接作用 于垫环上。
根据本发明， 在将零件夹持在轴上之后， 就可以拆除液压螺母。
根据本发明， 所述轴优选为硬质合金复合轧辊的轧辊母轴， 所述待夹持零件 包括间隔布置的合金辊环和隔环， 它们夹持成紧靠在轧辊母轴的凸台上。
根据本发明的第二方面，提供了利用上述预紧锁紧装置来将零件夹持在轴上 的方法， 包括步骤： 将垫环套在轴上， 使其第一端面与待夹持零件紧密接合； 将 预紧螺母螺纹配合在轴上， 使其一端与垫环的第二端面相接合； 将液压螺母螺纹 配合在预紧螺母的外侧上； 在液压螺母中注入高压流体， 使得液压螺母的环形活 塞在流体压力的作用下对垫环施加作用力， 从而在垫环和预紧螺母之间形成间 隙； 利用填充件来填充间隙； 以及卸除流体压力， 拆除液压螺母。
根据本发明的第三方面， 提供了一种硬质合金复合轧辊， 包括利用上述方法 紧固在轧辊母轴的凸台上的合金辊环和隔环。
根据本发明，通过用填充件来填充在流体压力作用下形成于预紧螺母和垫环 之间的间隙， 就可以保持预紧力， 使得轴上零件能够被牢固地夹持住。此后就可 以拆除液压螺母， 以及其它相关的零件如传力柱和环形垫环。这样， 液压螺母不 会连同硬质合金复合轧辊一起用于硬质合金复合轧辊的轧制操作中。 因此， 液压 螺母及其中的密封件不会长期承受到工作环境中温度、油、水气等不利因素的影 响。 由此显著地提高了液压螺母的使用寿命。 同时， 可拆除的液压螺母和传力柱 等均能够重复使用。此外， 利用该预紧锁紧装置装配而成的硬质合金复合轧辊不 包括液压螺母， 这便显著地降低了成本， 同时仍能达到可靠的预紧锁紧。
试验显示， 利用本发明， 硬质合金复合轧辊的成本能够降低 30%左右， 并且 液压螺母内的密封件的使用寿命能够提高 5倍以上。 附图说明
下面将结合附图来对本发明的实施例进行详细的描述。需要说明的是， 这些 附图仅用于更好地理解本发明， 并不构成对本发明的限制。
图 1示意性显示了根据本发明的第一实施例的预紧锁紧装置的结构。
图 2示意性显示了利用图 1所示的预紧锁紧装置来对硬质合金轧辊进行装配 的过程。
图 3示意性显示了通过图 1所示的预紧锁紧装置所装配的硬质合金轧辊。 图 4示意性显示了根据本发明的第二实施例的预紧锁紧装置的结构。
图 5示意性显示了利用图 4所示的预紧锁紧装置来对硬质合金轧辊进行装配 的过程。
图 6示意性显示了通过图 4所示的预紧锁紧装置所装配的硬质合金轧辊。 具体实施方式
为方便起见， 在下文的描述中以硬质合金轧辊为例来对本发明进行说明。然 而本领域的技术人员可以理解， 本发明同样可用于其它轴上零件的预紧和锁紧。
如图 2所示， 硬质合金复合轧辊通常包括带有凸台 h的轧辊母轴 g。 交错式 布置的合金辊环 f和隔环 e套装在母轴 g上， 并且紧靠着轧辊母轴凸台 h。 容易 理解， 尽管图 2中显示了两组合金辊环 f和隔环 e， 然而它们的数量也可以根据 具体情况的需要而适当变化。
首先将结合图 1到 3来介绍根据本发明的第一实施例。
如图 1所示， 根据本发明的第一实施例的预紧锁紧装置 100包括垫环 1， 其 安装在轧辊母轴 g上， 并且通过其第一端面 11与待夹持的零件、 即合金辊环 f 和隔环 e中的一个 （在该实施例中如图 2所示为隔环 e) 紧密接合。
预紧锁紧装置 100还包括预紧螺母 3， 其内、 外表面均设有螺纹。 预紧螺母 3通过其内螺纹而配合到轧辊母轴 g上， 并以其一端 （图中的上端） 作用于垫环 1的与第一端面 11相对的第二端面 12上。
预紧锁紧装置 100还包括液压螺母 4。 在该实施例中， 液压螺母 4构造为法 兰的形式， 其内腔设有可与预紧螺母 3的外螺纹相配合的内螺纹， 从而将预紧螺 母 3容纳于其内腔中。 液压螺母 4包括设置在其内腔底面上的缸体 41、 设置在 缸体 41中的环形活塞 5、 设置在环形活塞 5和缸体 41之间的密封圈 6， 以及与 环形活塞 5相通的流体通道 42。 液压螺母的这种结构和功能是本领域的技术人 员所熟知的， 因此详细的介绍在此略去。
在该第一实施例中， 预紧螺母 3包括沿周向均匀分布的若干个轴向通孔 31。 在各轴向通孔 31内均设有一个可在轴向通孔 31内运动的传力件，其优选为杆状 的传件柱 7。 传件柱 7的长度大于轴向通孔 31的长度， 使得其一端与垫环 1的 第二端面 12相接合， 另一端与环形活塞 5相接合。
此外， 预紧锁紧装置 100还包括填充件， 其作用将在下文中详述。在该第一 实施例中， 填充件为具有一定高度的一对半环件 2。
图 2显示了利用预紧锁紧装置 100来装配硬质合金复合轧辊的过程。首先将 母轴 g以凸台 h处于下方地竖直立起 （即处于相对于图 2旋转 180度的状态）， 并固定在一个未示出的支架上。 然后依次装入第一硬质合金辊环 f、 第一隔环6、 第二硬质合金辊环 f、第二隔环 e和垫环 1，使得第一硬质合金辊环 f抵靠在凸台 h上， 并且垫环 1的第一端面 11抵靠在第二隔环 e上。 之后， 将预紧螺母 3拧 入到母轴 g上， 使其一端抵靠着垫环 1的第二端面。将母轴 g旋转 180度， 使得 凸台 h处于上方， 即母轴 g处于图 2所示的状态。然后将传力柱 7插入到预紧螺 母 3的轴向通孔 31中。 最后， 将液压螺母 4拧到预紧螺母 3上， 优选使得环形 活塞 5刚好与传力柱 7相接触。
在操作中， 通过流体通道 42向缸体 41内的环形活塞 5加压。此时， 环形活 塞 5因受力而产生轴向运动， 从而顶起传力柱 7， 将压力传递给垫环 1。 在这种 情况下， 垫环 1产生轴向位移， 首先消除硬质合金辊环 f和隔环 e之间的轴向间 隙。 随着压力的不断增加， 迫使轴机构产生弹性变形， 例如隔环垫环压缩、 轴拉 长、 螺纹变形等弹性变形， 从而形成预紧力。 此时， 在垫环 1与预紧螺母 3之间 将形成一定的间隙。
当液压螺母 4中的油压达到设计值时，将半环件 2塞入到垫环 1与预紧螺母 3之间的间隙中， 其中半环件 2的高度选择为基本上等于所形成间隙的宽度， 并 通过紧固件将半环件 2固定在垫环 1上。然后卸除液压螺母 4中的油压， 此时垫 环 1与预紧螺母 3通过半环件 2而紧紧顶死， 保持预紧力。
在此之后可以通过将合适的工具、例如橇棍插入到液压螺母 4的外周上的卸 装孔 43中， 卸下液压螺母 4， 取出传力柱 7。 至此， 硬质合金复合轧辊便完成了 装配， 如图 3所示。 此时， 硬质合金复合轧辊可进行进一步的安装， 并进入工作 状态。
根据本发明的第一实施例的预紧锁紧装置， 在完成装配后即可拆除液压螺 母， 使得液压螺母无需连同硬质合金复合轧辊一起用于轧制操作中。这样， 液压 螺母及其中的密封件不会长期承受到工作环境中温度、油、水气等不利因素的影 响， 显著地提高了其使用寿命。 同时， 可拆除的液压螺母和传力柱均能够重复使 用。 此外， 利用该预紧锁紧装置装配而成的硬质合金复合轧辊不包括液压螺母， 这便显著地降低了成本， 同时仍能达到可靠的预紧锁紧。
当需要更换硬质合金辊环时， 如上所述地依次装配好传力柱 7、液压螺母 4。 在液压螺母 4中通入高压流体， 利用环形活塞 5和传力柱 7顶起垫环 1， 使得半 环件 2与预紧螺母 3分离。 此时便可松开紧固件取出半环件 2。 之后卸压， 消除 预紧力， 于是便可依次拆卸预紧螺母 3、 垫环 1、 硬质合金辊环 f和隔环 e等。
根据一个优选的例子，在环形活塞 5和传力柱 7之间布置有额外的环形垫环
9。 这样便可以均匀地传递环形活塞的作用力， 避免环形活塞 5变形。 同时当旋 转卸压液压螺母 4时，也可以避免传力柱 7卡在环形活塞 5和预紧螺母 3之间而 导致无法转动液压螺母 4。 容易理解， 在拆除液压螺母之后， 环形垫环 9也可从 轴上拆下来， 以供重复使用。
根据另一个优选的例子， 垫环 1的与待夹持零件相接合的第一端面 11的面 积大于与预紧螺母 3相接合的第二端面 12的面积，以便更好地传递轴向作用力。 此外， 预紧螺母 3的轴向通孔 31布置成沿轴向方向看上去， 轴向通孔 31完全处 于垫环 1的第二端面 12内。这种布置能够进一步地均匀传递环形活塞的作用力。
如图 1和 2所示， 垫环 1包括限定了第一端面 11的大端部分和限定了第二 端面 12的小端部分， 即垫环 1构造成所谓的 "T型"垫环。 在小端部分的外周 上设置了用于将半环件 2固定在垫环 1上的紧固件，其在图示实施例中为螺栓 8。
容易理解， 半环件 2可由一组具有标准厚度的标准半环件组成。在实际操作 中， 根据所形成的间隙的实际大小来选择适当数量的标准半环件， 以便塞入到所 形成的间隙中。 此外， 容易理解， 除了可在液压螺母 4的外周上设置卸装孔 43 以外，还可以选择性地在环形活塞和垫环的外周上分别设置相应的环形活塞卸装 孔 （未示出） 和垫环卸装孔 14， 以方便环形活塞和垫环的装卸。
下面将结合图 4到 6来介绍根据本发明的第二实施例。需要说明的是， 为节 约篇幅起见， 在下文中仅介绍那些与第一实施例中不同的结构或功能， 而相同的 部分略去。
如图 4到 6所示， 根据本发明的第二实施例的预紧锁紧装置 200包括： 垫环
101，其第一端面 111与待夹持零件（在本例中为合金辊环 0紧密接合（见图 5 ); 和预紧螺母 103， 其内、 外表面均设有螺纹。 预紧螺母 3通过其内螺纹而配合到 轧辊母轴 g上，并以其一端（图 4中的左端）作用于垫环 101的第二端面 112上。
预紧锁紧装置 200还包括液压螺母 104。 在该第二实施例中， 液压螺母 104 构造为空心柱体的形式， 其通过内螺纹安装在预紧螺母 103上的外螺纹上。液压 螺母 104的环形活塞 105在预紧螺母 103的径向外侧作用于垫环 101的第二端面 112上。
在该第二实施例中，预紧螺母 103包括沿周向均匀分布的若干个轴向的螺纹 通孔 131。 在各螺纹通孔 131内均设有一个紧固螺钉 107。 紧固螺钉 107接合在 螺纹通孔 131内， 并可在螺纹通孔 131内沿轴向运动。
图 5显示了利用预紧锁紧装置 200来装配硬质合金复合轧辊的过程。首先将 母轴 g以凸台 h处于下方地竖直立起 （即处于相对于图 5逆时针旋转 90度的状 态）， 并固定在一个未示出的支架上。然后依次装入第一硬质合金辊环 f、隔环 e、 第二硬质合金辊环 f和垫环 1， 使得第一硬质合金辊环 f抵靠在凸台 h上， 并且 垫环 101的第一端面 111抵靠在第二硬质合金辊环 f上。 之后， 将预紧螺母 103 拧入到母轴 g上， 使其一端抵靠着垫环 101 的第二端面 112。 将母轴 g旋转 90 度，使得母轴 g处于图 5所示的状态。然后将液压螺母 104拧到预紧螺母 103上， 优选使得环形活塞 105刚好与垫环 101的第二端面 112接触。
在操作中， 通过流体通道 142向缸体 141内的环形活塞 105加压。此时， 环 形活塞 105因受力而产生轴向运动，从而将压力传递给垫环 101。在这种情况下， 垫环 101产生轴向位移， 首先消除硬质合金辊环 f和隔环 e之间的轴向间隙。 随 着压力的不断增加， 迫使轴机构产生弹性变形， 例如隔环垫环压缩、 轴拉长、 螺 纹变形等弹性变形， 从而形成预紧力。此时， 在垫环 101与预紧螺母 103之间将 形成一定的间隙。
当液压螺母 104中的油压达到设计值时， 将紧固螺钉 107拧入螺纹通孔 131 中并进行调节， 使得紧固螺钉 107的前端伸出到螺纹通孔 131之外， 从而填充了 形成在垫环 101与预紧螺母 103之间的间隙，并且与垫环 101的第二端面 112接 合。然后便可卸除液压螺母 104中的油压， 此时垫环 101与预紧螺母 103通过紧 固螺钉 107而紧紧顶死， 保持预紧力。
在此之后可以通过将合适的工具、例如橇棍插入到液压螺母 104的外周上的 卸装孔 143中， 卸下液压螺母 104。 至此， 硬质合金复合轧辊便完成了装配， 如 图 6所示。 此时， 硬质合金复合轧辊可进行进一步的安装， 并进入工作状态。 与第一实施例类似， 根据本发明的第二实施例的预紧锁紧装置， 在完成装配 后即可拆除液压螺母，使得液压螺母无需连同硬质合金复合轧辊一起用于轧制操 作中。 这样， 液压螺母及其中的密封件不会长期承受到工作环境中温度、 油、 水 气等不利因素的影响， 显著地提高了其使用寿命。 同时， 可拆除的液压螺母能够 重复使用。此外， 利用该预紧锁紧装置装配而成的硬质合金复合轧辊不包括液压 螺母， 这便显著地降低了成本， 同时仍能达到可靠的预紧锁紧。
另外， 通过采用紧固螺钉 107来填充垫环 101与预紧螺母 103之间的间隙， 能够准确地填充间隙， 从而免去选择具有适当高度的半环件（例如将若干个标准 半环件组合在一起）来适配该间隙的工序， 因此简化了操作。 同时， 采用紧固螺 钉 107来填充间隙， 也可以精确地保持轧辊母轴和轴上零部件之间的同轴度， 减 少轴上零部件的径向跳动。 此外， 该结构也非常简单， 容易生产。
当需要更换硬质合金辊环时， 只需重新将液压螺母 104拧入到预紧螺母 103 上。 之后通入高压流体， 利用环形活塞 105顶起垫环 101， 使得紧固螺钉 107与 预紧螺母 103分离， 此时便可松开紧固螺钉 107。 之后卸压， 消除预紧力， 于是 便可依次拆卸预紧螺母 103、 垫环 101、 硬质合金辊环 f和隔环 e等。
在一个优选实施例中， 紧固螺钉 107为内六角平端紧固螺钉。 由此可以对紧 固螺钉 107进行简单快速的操作。内六角平端紧固螺钉的长度可选择成与轴向的 螺纹通孔 131的长度大致相等。
紧固螺钉 107通常为多个， 其沿圆周方向均匀分布。 在一个优选实施例中， 可采用测力扳手来在螺纹通孔 131内拧动紧固螺钉 107， 从而确保每个紧固螺钉 107的受力一致， 从而保证了准确地填充间隙。
根据本发明， 预紧螺母、 液压螺母、 环形垫环、 垫环、 环形活塞、 半环件等 可用高强度钢、 尤其是高强度合金结构钢制成。 在一个例子中， 预紧螺母、 液压 螺母、 环形垫环例如采用 35CrMnSiA制成， 垫环、 环形活塞、 半环件例如采用 42CrMo制成， 传力柱可用高抗压强度材料、尤其是硬质合金制成， 例如 YL10.2 等。
虽然已经参考若干实施例对本发明进行了描述， 然而可以理解， 在不脱离本 发明的范围的情况下， 可以对其进行各种改进或替换。尤其是， 只要不存在结构 上的冲突， 各实施例中的特征均可相互结合起来， 所形成的组合式特征仍属于本 发明的范围内。本发明并不局限于文中公开的特定实施例， 而是包括落入权利要 求的范围内的所有技术方案。

Claims

权利要求书
1 . 一种用于将零件夹持在轴上的预紧锁紧装置， 包括：
具有相对的第一端面和第二端面的垫环， 所述垫环套在轴上， 并且其第一端 面与待夹持零件紧密接合，
螺纹接合在轴上的预紧螺母，所述预紧螺母的一端与所述垫环的第二端面相 接合，
螺纹接合在所述预紧螺母的外侧上的液压螺母，所述液压螺母的环形活塞能 够在流体压力的作用下对所述垫环施加作用力，从而在所述垫环和所述预紧螺母 之间形成间隙， 以及
用于填充所述间隙的填充件。
2. 根据权利要求 1所述的预紧锁紧装置， 其特征在于， 所述预紧螺母包括 轴向通孔和能在所述轴向通孔内运动的传力件，所述传力件的长度大于所述轴向 通孔的长度，并且所述传力件的一端与所述环形活塞接合而另一端与所述垫环接 合， 使得所述环形活塞通过所述传力件来对所述垫环施加作用力。
3 . 根据权利要求 2所述的预紧锁紧装置， 其特征在于， 在所述环形活塞和 所述传力件之间还设置有额外的环形垫环。
4. 根据权利要求 2所述的预紧锁紧装置， 其特征在于， 所述垫环的第一端 面的面积大于第二端面的面积，并且所述轴向通孔完全处于所述垫环的第二端面 内。
5. 根据权利要求 4所述的预紧锁紧装置， 其特征在于， 所述垫环包括限定 了第一端面的大端部分和限定了第二端面的小端部分，在所述小端部分的外周上 设有紧固件， 用于将所述填充件固定在所述垫环上。
6. 根据权利要求 1到 5中任一项所述的预紧锁紧装置， 其特征在于， 所述 填充件为一对半环件， 其高度等于所述间隙的宽度。
7. 根据权利要求 1到 5中任一项所述的预紧锁紧装置， 其特征在于， 所述 液压螺母构成为法兰的形式， 并将所述预紧螺母容纳在所述法兰的内腔中。
8. 根据权利要求 1所述的预紧锁紧装置， 其特征在于， 所述预紧螺母包括 轴向螺纹通孔， 所述填充件为紧固螺钉， 所述紧固螺钉与所述轴向螺纹通孔螺纹 式接合， 并能穿过所述轴向螺纹通孔而固定在所述垫环上。
9. 根据权利要求 8所述的预紧锁紧装置， 其特征在于， 所述液压螺母构成 为空心柱体的形式， 并且所述环形活塞直接作用于所述垫环上。
10. 根据权利要求 1到 9中任一项所述的预紧锁紧装置， 其特征在于， 在将 零件夹持在轴上之后， 拆除所述液压螺母。
11 . 根据权利要求 1到 10中任一项所述的预紧锁紧装置， 其特征在于， 所 述轴为硬质合金复合轧辊的轧辊母轴， 所述零件包括间隔布置的合金辊环和隔 环， 并且紧靠在所述轧辊母轴的凸台上。
12. 利用权利要求 1到 11中任一项所述的预紧锁紧装置来将零件夹持在轴 上的方法， 包括步骤：
将所述垫环套在轴上， 使其第一端面与待夹持零件紧密接合；
将预紧螺母螺纹配合在轴上， 使其一端与所述垫环的第二端面相接合； 将液压螺母螺纹配合在所述预紧螺母的外侧上；
在所述液压螺母中注入高压流体，使得所述液压螺母的环形活塞在流体压力 的作用下对所述垫环施加作用力， 从而在所述垫环和所述预紧螺母之间形成间 隙；
利用填充件来填充所述间隙； 以及
卸除流体压力， 拆除所述液压螺母。
13. 一种硬质合金复合轧辊， 包括利用根据权利要求 12所述的方法紧固在 轧辊母轴的凸台上的合金辊环和隔环。
PCT/CN2012/074938 2011-04-28 2012-04-28 用于将零件夹持在轴上的预紧锁紧装置 WO2012146213A1 (zh)

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