WO2012132905A1 - 活性化されたフィッシャー・トロプシュ合成反応用触媒および炭化水素の製造方法 - Google Patents
活性化されたフィッシャー・トロプシュ合成反応用触媒および炭化水素の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012132905A1 WO2012132905A1 PCT/JP2012/056567 JP2012056567W WO2012132905A1 WO 2012132905 A1 WO2012132905 A1 WO 2012132905A1 JP 2012056567 W JP2012056567 W JP 2012056567W WO 2012132905 A1 WO2012132905 A1 WO 2012132905A1
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- Prior art keywords
- catalyst
- cobalt
- synthesis
- activated
- mass
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- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 179
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 177
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 title claims description 34
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 title claims description 31
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 21
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 91
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 86
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- IVMYJDGYRUAWML-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt(ii) oxide Chemical class [Co]=O IVMYJDGYRUAWML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 120
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- UBEWDCMIDFGDOO-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt(2+);cobalt(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Co+2].[Co+3].[Co+3] UBEWDCMIDFGDOO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000007809 chemical reaction catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910000428 cobalt oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- GPKIXZRJUHCCKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[(5-methyl-2-propan-2-ylphenoxy)methyl]oxirane Chemical compound CC(C)C1=CC=C(C)C=C1OCC1OC1 GPKIXZRJUHCCKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 42
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 38
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 37
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 29
- 150000003755 zirconium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 25
- 239000002923 metal particle Substances 0.000 description 22
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 20
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 19
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 17
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 15
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 13
- 150000001869 cobalt compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 12
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 12
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229910052702 rhenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhenium atom Chemical compound [Re] WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 9
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910052809 inorganic oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 7
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- UFMZWBIQTDUYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt dinitrate Chemical compound [Co+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O UFMZWBIQTDUYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910001981 cobalt nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000001308 synthesis method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- BDSSZTXPZHIYHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-phenoxypropanoyl chloride Chemical compound ClC(=O)C(C)OC1=CC=CC=C1 BDSSZTXPZHIYHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 5
- WRAGBEWQGHCDDU-UHFFFAOYSA-M C([O-])([O-])=O.[NH4+].[Zr+] Chemical compound C([O-])([O-])=O.[NH4+].[Zr+] WRAGBEWQGHCDDU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 4
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012018 catalyst precursor Substances 0.000 description 3
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 3
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium oxide Chemical compound [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910001882 dioxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- JEGUKCSWCFPDGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N h2o hydrate Chemical compound O.O JEGUKCSWCFPDGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N hafnium atom Chemical compound [Hf] VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- UJVRJBAUJYZFIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitric acid;oxozirconium Chemical compound [Zr]=O.O[N+]([O-])=O.O[N+]([O-])=O UJVRJBAUJYZFIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- -1 or the like is used Chemical compound 0.000 description 2
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- LYTNHSCLZRMKON-UHFFFAOYSA-L oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+);diacetate Chemical compound [O-2].[Zr+4].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O LYTNHSCLZRMKON-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 description 2
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910020599 Co 3 O 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- NZSLBYVEIXCMBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloro hypochlorite;zirconium Chemical compound [Zr].ClOCl NZSLBYVEIXCMBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940011182 cobalt acetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- GVPFVAHMJGGAJG-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Co+2] GVPFVAHMJGGAJG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- TZWGXFOSKIHUPW-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt(2+);propanoate Chemical compound [Co+2].CCC([O-])=O.CCC([O-])=O TZWGXFOSKIHUPW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- QAHREYKOYSIQPH-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt(II) acetate Chemical compound [Co+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O QAHREYKOYSIQPH-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- PFQLIVQUKOIJJD-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt(ii) formate Chemical compound [Co+2].[O-]C=O.[O-]C=O PFQLIVQUKOIJJD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- FJDJVBXSSLDNJB-LNTINUHCSA-N cobalt;(z)-4-hydroxypent-3-en-2-one Chemical compound [Co].C\C(O)=C\C(C)=O.C\C(O)=C\C(C)=O.C\C(O)=C\C(C)=O FJDJVBXSSLDNJB-LNTINUHCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004817 gas chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003502 gasoline Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007522 mineralic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- CMOAHYOGLLEOGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxozirconium;dihydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.Cl.[Zr]=O CMOAHYOGLLEOGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DKEUYXJXQSBKBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+);dinitrate Chemical compound [O-2].[Zr+4].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O DKEUYXJXQSBKBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005504 petroleum refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007781 pre-processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013074 reference sample Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002407 reforming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002604 ultrasonography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/74—Iron group metals
- B01J23/75—Cobalt
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J21/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides, or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium, or hafnium
- B01J21/06—Silicon, titanium, zirconium or hafnium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
- B01J21/066—Zirconium or hafnium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/005—Spinels
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/30—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their physical properties
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/16—Reducing
- B01J37/18—Reducing with gases containing free hydrogen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon
- C10G2/30—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon from carbon monoxide with hydrogen
- C10G2/32—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon from carbon monoxide with hydrogen with the use of catalysts
- C10G2/33—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon from carbon monoxide with hydrogen with the use of catalysts characterised by the catalyst used
- C10G2/331—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon from carbon monoxide with hydrogen with the use of catalysts characterised by the catalyst used containing group VIII-metals
- C10G2/332—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon from carbon monoxide with hydrogen with the use of catalysts characterised by the catalyst used containing group VIII-metals of the iron-group
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J21/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides, or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium, or hafnium
- B01J21/06—Silicon, titanium, zirconium or hafnium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
- B01J21/08—Silica
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2523/00—Constitutive chemical elements of heterogeneous catalysts
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
- C10G2300/70—Catalyst aspects
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an activated catalyst used in a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reaction and a hydrocarbon production method using the catalyst.
- FT synthesis reaction a so-called Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reaction in which carbon monoxide is reduced with hydrogen
- FT synthesis catalyst As a catalyst used in the FT synthesis reaction (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “FT synthesis catalyst”), an active metal such as iron, cobalt, ruthenium, and especially cobalt is supported on a porous inorganic oxide such as silica or alumina. Catalysts are common.
- the above FT synthesis catalyst is generally prepared as follows. That is, first, a cobalt compound such as cobalt nitrate is supported on a porous inorganic oxide such as silica or alumina as a support by an impregnation method using an aqueous solution thereof. And after drying this, the FT synthesis catalyst by which the cobalt oxide was carry
- the FT synthesis catalyst activated by the reduction treatment is referred to as “activated Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reaction catalyst” (hereinafter also referred to as “activated FT synthesis catalyst”). Call it.
- the ratio of cobalt atoms, which are active metals, from the oxide state to the total cobalt atoms in the metal state The reduction proceeds so that the (reduction degree) is sufficiently high, and the metal cobalt particles produced by the reduction are in a highly dispersed state, that is, the aggregation of the cobalt metal particles is suppressed and exists in fine particles It was thought necessary to do.
- the FT has higher catalytic activity and excellent chain growth probability in the FT synthesis reaction. It has been reported that a synthetic catalyst can be obtained (for example, Patent Document 2).
- JP 59-102440 A WO2005 / 099897 pamphlet United States Patent 4,568,663 Special table 2002-501431 gazette
- the present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned problems of the prior art, and without using an expensive metal species such as rhenium, an activated FT synthesis catalyst excellent in reaction activity and a hydrocarbon using the catalyst It aims at providing the manufacturing method of.
- an activated FT synthesis catalyst having a specific composition and structure exhibits a high activity for FT synthesis reaction, and a specific production method allows this.
- the inventors have found that such an activated FT synthesis catalyst can be obtained, and have completed the present invention.
- the activated Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reaction catalyst of the present invention comprises a carrier containing silica, 0.5 to 14% by mass of zirconium oxide based on the mass of the carrier, and supported on the carrier. 10 to 40% by mass of cobalt metal and cobalt oxide in terms of tricobalt tetroxide based on the mass of
- the degree of reduction of the cobalt atom represented by the following formula (1) is 75 to 93%
- the hydrogen gas adsorption amount per unit mass of the catalyst at 100 ° C. is 0.40 to 1.0 ml / g.
- the measurement of the reduction degree of a cobalt atom here shall be based on the method using the TPR (Temperature * Programmed * Reduction) measuring method mentioned later in detail.
- the “catalyst” that serves as a reference for the amount of cobalt supported and the amount of hydrogen gas adsorbed is an FT synthesis catalyst in which all cobalt atoms are in an oxide state, that is, activated by a reduction treatment in the production method described later. This refers to the FT synthesis catalyst before the reaction.
- the activated Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reaction catalyst of the present invention has a high hydrogen gas adsorption amount per unit mass of the catalyst, and cobalt metal particles are highly dispersed. Therefore, the activated Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reaction catalyst is represented by the above formula (1). Even if the reduction degree of the cobalt atom is not so high, it has an excellent activity for the FT synthesis reaction.
- the hydrogen gas adsorption amount per unit mass of cobalt metal at 100 ° C. may be 3.4 to 5.0 ml / g.
- the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reaction catalyst of the present invention has the above-described configuration, it has a more excellent activity for the FT synthesis reaction.
- the value obtained by multiplying the reduction degree of the cobalt atom by the hydrogen gas adsorption amount per unit mass of the cobalt metal at 100 ° C. is 290 to 350. Also good.
- the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reaction catalyst of the present invention has the above-described configuration, it has a more excellent activity for the FT synthesis reaction.
- a raw material containing carbon monoxide gas and hydrogen gas is subjected to a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reaction in the presence of the activated Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reaction catalyst of the present invention.
- the activated FT synthesis catalyst excellent in reaction activity is provided, without using expensive metal seed
- the activity of the activated FT synthesis catalyst (activated Fischer-Tropsch synthesis catalyst) for the FT synthesis reaction means the conversion rate of carbon monoxide at the initial stage of the reaction. Shall.
- the particles containing silica used in the method for producing the activated FT synthesis catalyst of the present embodiment are not particularly limited, but silica particles or a small amount of inorganic oxide such as alumina, boria, titania, magnesia, and / or alkali in silica. Examples thereof include particles containing metal components such as metals, alkaline earth metals and hafnium, and silica particles are preferred.
- the properties of the particles containing silica are not particularly limited, but the specific surface area measured by the nitrogen adsorption method is preferably 100 to 500 m 2 / g, more preferably 200 to 400 m 2 / g. preferable.
- the average pore diameter of the particles containing silica measured by the nitrogen adsorption method is preferably 8 to 20 nm, more preferably 10 to 18 nm, and particularly preferably 11 to 16 nm.
- the shape of the particles containing silica is not particularly limited, but in consideration of practicality, the spherical shape, the cylindrical shape, and the cross section generally used in petroleum refining and petrochemical equipment are three-leaf type, four-leaf type. A cylindrical shape having an irregular cross section such as is preferable.
- the particle diameter is not particularly limited, but is preferably 10 ⁇ m to 10 mm in view of practicality.
- the catalyst used in the slurry bed reactor preferably used for carrying out the FT synthesis method is preferably spherical in shape from the viewpoint of fluidity of the catalyst, and the average particle size is 10 to 300 ⁇ m. Preferably, the thickness is 30 to 150 ⁇ m.
- the particles containing silica are immersed in an aqueous solution containing water or an acid to remove bubbles present in the pores of the particles. Pre-processing is performed.
- aqueous solution containing an acid means an aqueous solution of a mineral acid such as nitric acid, hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid, or an organic acid such as formic acid, acetic acid or citric acid.
- the pH of the aqueous solution containing the acid is preferably 5 to 7, and more preferably 6 to 7. When the pH is less than 5, it is economically undesirable because the concentration of the zirconium compound solution used for supporting the required amount of the zirconium compound in the supporting of the zirconium compound after the pretreatment is required. .
- pretreatment solution an aqueous solution containing water or acid in which particles containing silica are immersed
- pretreatment solution an aqueous solution containing water or acid in which particles containing silica are immersed
- a method of stirring the pretreatment liquid, a method of vibrating the pretreatment liquid, and removing the pretreatment liquid under reduced pressure may be used. It is preferable to take a care method and a method of irradiating the pretreatment liquid with ultrasonic waves. Among these, the method of irradiating ultrasonic waves is preferable because air bubbles can be reliably removed in a short time. Ultrasound irradiation may be from 1 minute to several hours.
- a zirconium compound is supported on the pretreated silica-containing particles.
- the loading is performed by removing the supernatant of the pretreatment liquid, adding a zirconium compound solution to a container containing particles containing silica, and adsorbing the zirconium compound to particles containing silica by a so-called equilibrium adsorption method. preferable.
- Zirconium oxychloride (ZrOCl 2 ), zirconium oxychloride chloride (ZrO (OH) Cl), zirconyl sulfate (ZrOSO 4 ), zirconyl nitrate (ZrO (NO 3 ) 2 ), zirconyl acetate ( ZrO (C 2 H 3 O 2 ) 2 ), zirconyl ammonium carbonate ((NH 4 ) 2 ZrO (CO 3 ) 2 ) and the like are preferably used, more preferably zirconyl acetate and zirconyl ammonium carbonate. Zirconyl ammonium is particularly preferred.
- the solvent used for the zirconium compound solution may be either water or an organic solvent, but water is preferably used.
- the amount of the zirconium compound solution used for loading is preferably such that the entire amount of particles containing silica is lost, and the particles containing silica. More preferably, it is at least twice the apparent volume occupied by.
- the amount of the zirconium compound dissolved in the zirconium compound solution is preferably more than the amount commensurate with the amount of zirconium supported on the silica-containing particles.
- the concentration of the zirconium compound solution As the concentration of the zirconium compound solution, the relationship between the equilibrium adsorption amount of the zirconium compound and the concentration of the zirconium compound solution with respect to the particles containing silica is previously grasped, and the equilibrium adsorption amount becomes equal to the target zirconium loading. It is preferable to select such a concentration. Generally, the concentration of the zirconium compound is about 0.03 to 3 mol / L.
- the temperature at the time of carrying is not limited and is preferably room temperature.
- the time for carrying is not limited and varies depending on the temperature, but it is preferable to exceed the time for the adsorption of the zirconium compound to the particles containing silica to reach equilibrium.
- the amount of zirconium supported on the silica-containing particles is based on the mass of the carrier to be prepared (the total mass of the mass of the silica-containing particles and the zirconium oxide supported thereon), and 0.5 to The amount is 14% by mass, preferably 0.5 to 8% by mass, more preferably 0.5 to 6% by mass.
- the supported amount is less than 0.5% by mass, the effect of supporting the zirconium oxide on the silica-containing particles as a carrier, that is, the activity improving effect of the activated FT synthesis catalyst tends to be insufficient. .
- the solution containing the zirconium compound used for the supporting treatment and the particles containing silica supporting the zirconium compound are separated by solid-liquid separation means such as filtration. It is preferable to wash the particles containing silica carrying the zirconium compound after separation with ion exchange water or distilled water until the waste water after washing becomes about pH 7. Thereafter, the particles containing silica, preferably loaded with a zirconium compound, are dried.
- the drying method is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include heat drying in air and deaeration drying under reduced pressure. Usually, drying is performed at a temperature of 100 to 140 ° C., preferably 110 to 130 ° C. for 2 to 24 hours, preferably 5 to 12 hours.
- the particles containing silica on which the zirconium compound is supported are fired to convert the zirconium compound into zirconium oxide to obtain a carrier.
- the firing method is not particularly limited, but is performed in an atmosphere containing molecular oxygen, preferably in an air atmosphere.
- the firing temperature is 200 to 600 ° C., and the firing time is, for example, 1 to 10 hours. When the firing temperature is lower than 200 ° C., the zirconium compound supported on the particles containing silica tends to be sufficiently oxidized and not converted to zirconium oxide.
- the zirconium oxide does not aggregate and is uniformly supported on the pore surface of the particles containing silica in a thin film shape. It is estimated that Using a carrier presumed that zirconium oxide was supported on particles containing silica in such a form, an active metal, cobalt, was supported on this to prepare an FT synthesis catalyst, and the FT synthesis catalyst was further reduced. By preparing an activated FT synthesis catalyst, an activated FT synthesis catalyst having high FT synthesis reaction activity in which cobalt metal particles are highly dispersed can be obtained.
- a catalyst precursor is prepared by supporting cobalt as an active metal on the support.
- a cobalt compound is used for supporting cobalt.
- the cobalt compound used for supporting cobalt is not particularly limited, and a salt or complex of an inorganic or organic acid of cobalt can be used.
- Specific examples of the cobalt compound include cobalt nitrate, cobalt chloride, cobalt formate, cobalt acetate, cobalt propionate, and cobalt acetylacetonate. Of these, cobalt nitrate is preferable.
- the supported amount of cobalt compound that is, the supported amount of cobalt is 10 to 40% by mass in terms of tricobalt tetroxide based on the mass of the prepared FT synthesis catalyst.
- the supported amount is less than 10% by mass, the catalyst activity tends to be insufficient.
- it exceeds 40% by mass aggregation of cobalt metal particles tends to occur in the obtained activated FT synthesis catalyst, so that the activity for the FT synthesis reaction tends to decrease.
- the impregnation method represented by the Incipient Wetness method can be used by making the solution of the above cobalt compounds, Preferably aqueous solution into an impregnation solution.
- drying is performed at a temperature of 100 to 150 ° C., preferably 110 to 130 ° C. for 2 to 24 hours, preferably 5 to 10 hours, to obtain a catalyst precursor.
- the catalyst precursor is calcined at 250 to 600 ° C. for about 1 to 10 hours in an atmosphere containing molecular oxygen, preferably in an air atmosphere, to convert the cobalt compound into cobalt oxide (cobalt oxide). Convert.
- an FT synthesis catalyst is obtained.
- the FT synthesis catalyst in which the cobalt atom is in an oxide state obtained as described above has low activity for the FT synthesis reaction as it is. Therefore, this FT synthesis catalyst is reduced and activated by converting at least a part of the cobalt oxide to cobalt metal (cobalt metal), and used as an activated FT synthesis catalyst before being subjected to the FT synthesis reaction. That is, in this embodiment, by reducing the FT synthesis catalyst, an activated FT synthesis catalyst in which cobalt metal and cobalt oxide are supported on the carrier, that is, activation according to one embodiment of the present invention. An FT synthesis catalyst is prepared.
- the reduction of the FT synthesis catalyst is preferably performed in an atmosphere containing hydrogen gas.
- an atmosphere containing hydrogen gas a hydrogen gas atmosphere, a gas atmosphere obtained by diluting hydrogen gas with an inert gas such as nitrogen gas, or the like is used, and a hydrogen gas atmosphere is preferable.
- the temperature at which the reduction is performed is 300 to 380 ° C., preferably 330 to 370 ° C.
- 300 degreeC it exists in the tendency for obtaining the required reduction degree of a cobalt atom efficiently.
- 380 degreeC aggregation of the cobalt metal particle produced
- the time for performing the reduction is determined in consideration of the temperature and depends on the form of the apparatus to be used. Therefore, the time for the reduction is not limited in general, but is generally 1 to 20 hours, and is 1 to 10 hours. Is preferred.
- the “time for performing the reduction” means the time after the catalyst reaches a predetermined temperature.
- the activated FT synthesis catalyst obtained as described above When the activated FT synthesis catalyst obtained as described above is exposed to air, there is a concern that the activity may decrease due to oxidation of cobalt metal. Therefore, especially when the production facility of the catalyst is separated from the facility where the catalyst is used to perform the FT synthesis method and the catalyst production facility is activated by reduction, the activated FT synthesis is performed. When the catalyst comes into contact with air, it is preferable to carry out the transfer after carrying out a stabilization treatment so that the activity does not decrease even when the activated FT synthesis catalyst comes into contact with air.
- the outer surface of the activated FT synthesis catalyst is covered with wax or the like to cut off contact with air, and the outer surface of the activated FT synthesis catalyst is slightly oxidized. Examples thereof include a method of forming an oxide layer and preventing further oxidation from proceeding by contact with air.
- the activated FT synthesis catalyst in the present invention includes these stabilized activated FT synthesis catalysts. As described above, the activated FT synthesis catalyst of the present embodiment is obtained.
- the hydrogen gas adsorption amount per unit mass of the activated FT synthesis catalyst of this embodiment at 100 ° C. is preferably 0.40 to 1.0 ml / g, more preferably 0.50 to 0.85 ml / g. is there.
- the hydrogen gas adsorption amount is an index for determining the dispersion of the cobalt metal particles contained in the activated FT synthesis catalyst. The larger this value, the more the hydrogen gas adsorption amount on the cobalt metal particle surface, and the cobalt metal particles Means good dispersion.
- the measurement of the hydrogen gas adsorption amount at 100 ° C. of the activated FT synthesis catalyst of the present embodiment was performed as follows using a metal dispersion degree measuring device (BEL-METAL-3 manufactured by Nippon Bell Co., Ltd.). Is called.
- the measurement target catalyst FT synthesis catalyst before reduction treatment obtained by calcination after supporting the cobalt compound
- the measurement target catalyst FT synthesis catalyst before reduction treatment obtained by calcination after supporting the cobalt compound
- the reduction treatment is performed in hydrogen gas under the conditions of Thereafter, the sample of the activated FT synthesis catalyst obtained in the metal dispersity measuring device is cooled to room temperature, further heated to 100 ° C.
- the degree of reduction of cobalt atoms contained in the activated FT synthesis catalyst of this embodiment that is, The degree of reduction of the cobalt atom represented by is preferably 75 to 93%, more preferably 80 to 93%.
- the reduction degree is less than 75%, the activity of the activated FT synthesis catalyst tends to be low.
- a high temperature or long time treatment is required.
- the activated FT synthesis catalyst is used. The contained cobalt metal particles tend to aggregate and the activity tends to decrease.
- the reduction degree of the cobalt atom contained in the activated FT synthesis catalyst is measured as follows using a TPR measuring device.
- an unreduced (cobalt atom is in an oxide state) FT synthesis catalyst (reduction degree: 0%) as a reference sample is subjected to TPR measurement with a TPR measurement device to produce MASS18 (H 2 O). Measure the amount.
- a TPR measurement is performed on the catalyst sample using a TPR measurement device under the same conditions as the unreduced catalyst, and the amount of MASS 18 is measured. .
- the reduction degree of a cobalt atom is computed from ratio of this MASS18 quantity and the MASS18 quantity about the above-mentioned unreduced catalyst.
- the measurement target is a catalyst that has not been subjected to stabilization treatment
- the base unreduced FT synthesis catalyst is first reduced under the corresponding reduction conditions in the TPR measurement device, and then the device is cooled. Then, TPR measurement is performed. In the same manner as described above, the amount of MASS 18 is measured, and the reduction degree of cobalt atoms is calculated from the ratio between this value and the reference value.
- the hydrogen gas adsorption amount per unit mass of cobalt metal at 100 ° C. is preferably 3.4 to 5.0 ml / g, and the catalyst has such a structure. It has a higher FT synthesis activity.
- the hydrogen gas adsorption amount per unit mass of the cobalt metal at 100 ° C. is the same as the hydrogen gas adsorption amount per unit mass of the catalyst at 100 ° C. It is calculated by dividing by the mass of (cobalt metal).
- the mass of cobalt metal contained per catalyst unit mass is calculated by multiplying the mass of Co 3 O 4 supported per catalyst unit mass by the degree of reduction of cobalt atoms.
- a value obtained by multiplying the reduction degree of the cobalt atom by the hydrogen gas adsorption amount per unit mass of the cobalt metal at 100 ° C. is 290 to 350.
- the catalyst exhibits such a higher FT synthesis activity due to such a structure.
- the activated FT synthesis catalyst obtained by this embodiment has very good dispersion of cobalt metal particles with the hydrogen gas adsorption amount as an index, but the reduction degree of cobalt atoms is not high compared to the prior art. Absent.
- a zirconium compound is supported on particles containing silica under specific conditions, and is fired so that zirconium oxide is supported on the particles containing silica highly uniformly and in a thin film shape.
- a carrier is obtained, a cobalt compound is supported on the carrier, calcined to obtain an FT synthesis catalyst, and reduced under specific temperature conditions to obtain an activated FT synthesis catalyst.
- the activated FT synthesis catalyst obtained by such a method is capable of dispersing the cobalt metal particles even though the degree of reduction of the contained cobalt atoms is not so high compared to the activated FT synthesis catalyst obtained by the prior art. Since the present invention is extremely good, the present inventors presume that it exhibits excellent activity for the FT synthesis reaction.
- the method for producing hydrocarbons by subjecting a raw material containing carbon monoxide gas and hydrogen gas to the FT synthesis reaction in the presence of the activated FT synthesis catalyst of the present embodiment is not particularly limited.
- a method of performing an FT synthesis reaction by filling a type reactor, a method using a slurry bed type reactor using a catalyst slurry in which the catalyst is suspended in a hydrocarbon oil, and the like are preferably employed.
- an FT synthesis unit 10 mainly composed of a bubble column type fluidized bed reaction apparatus 1 as shown in FIG. 1 can be used.
- the bubble column type fluidized bed reactor 1 is a reactor that synthesizes a hydrocarbon compound from synthesis gas by an FT synthesis reaction, and mainly includes a reaction tower 2 and a cooling pipe 3.
- the reaction tower 2 is a substantially cylindrical metal container, in which a hydrocarbon oil that is liquid at the reaction temperature (usually a hydrocarbon oil produced by an FT synthesis reaction in the same reaction apparatus).
- the slurry in which the activated FT synthesis catalyst obtained by the present embodiment is suspended is accommodated.
- a mixed gas of carbon monoxide gas and hydrogen gas (generally a synthetic gas obtained by reforming hydrocarbon such as natural gas) is introduced into the reaction tower 2 from the lower part thereof. Then, while the mixed gas becomes bubbles and rises in the reaction tower, it dissolves in the hydrocarbon oil and comes into contact with the activated FT synthesis catalyst to generate hydrocarbons.
- water heated through circulation in the cooling pipe 3 disposed in the reaction tower 2 is separated into water vapor (medium pressure steam) and liquid water.
- the separator 5 is connected to the central portion of the reaction tower 2 and separates the catalyst particles and the liquid hydrocarbon product from the catalyst slurry.
- the gas-liquid separator 6 is connected to the top of the reaction tower 2 and cools the gaseous light hydrocarbons under the conditions in the reaction tower 2 generated by the unreacted synthesis gas discharged from the reaction tower 2 and the FT synthesis reaction.
- the liquid hydrocarbon component is gas-liquid separated from the unreacted synthesis gas and the gaseous component containing C 4 or lower gaseous hydrocarbon.
- the rectifying column 7 the liquid hydrocarbon compound supplied from the reaction column 2 through the separator 5 and the gas-liquid separator 6 is fractionated into each fraction according to the boiling point.
- the FT synthesis unit 10 mainly composed of such a bubble column type fluidized bed reactor 1 can efficiently produce hydrocarbons using the activated FT synthesis catalyst having high activity of the present embodiment.
- the catalyst to be used when supplied in the form of an activated FT synthesis catalyst subjected to stabilization treatment, it may be used as it is. Also in the case of an activated FT synthesis catalyst that has been subjected to stabilization treatment by coating with wax or the like, the activated FT synthesis catalyst exhibits its activity when the wax or the like is dissolved in the hydrocarbon oil.
- the catalyst used when not subjected to reduction treatment and is supplied in the form of an FT synthesis catalyst in which cobalt atoms are in an oxide state, in the FT synthesis reaction apparatus or in an apparatus attached thereto.
- reduction treatment is performed according to the method for producing an activated FT synthesis catalyst of the present invention to produce the activated FT synthesis catalyst of the present invention.
- the obtained activated FT synthesis catalyst is subjected to the reaction.
- the reaction temperature can be determined according to the target carbon monoxide conversion rate, but is preferably 150 to 300 ° C, more preferably 170 to 250 ° C.
- the reaction pressure is preferably 0.5 to 5.0 MPa, more preferably 2.0 to 4.0 MPa.
- the reaction pressure is less than 0.5 MPa, the carbon monoxide conversion rate tends to be not sufficiently high, and when it exceeds 5.0 MPa, heat generation tends to occur locally, which is not preferable.
- the hydrogen gas / carbon monoxide ratio (molar ratio) in the raw material gas is preferably 0.5 to 4.0, more preferably 1.0 to 2.5. If this molar ratio is less than 0.5, the reaction temperature tends to be high and the catalyst tends to be deactivated. If it exceeds 4.0, the amount of methane, which is an undesirable byproduct, tends to increase.
- the gas hourly space velocity of the raw material gas is 500 ⁇ 5000h -1, still more preferably 1000 ⁇ 2500h -1.
- the gas space velocity is low productivity for the same amount of catalyst is less than 500h -1, greater than 5000h -1 is not preferable because the conversion of carbon monoxide is difficult to sufficiently improve.
- the catalyst By using the activated FT synthesis catalyst produced by the method of the present embodiment, the catalyst exhibits higher activity than the initial reaction. Therefore, according to the hydrocarbon production method of the present invention using the catalyst, the hydrocarbon can be obtained in a higher yield than the initial reaction.
- the hydrocarbon production method by the FT synthesis method may be performed using, for example, a fixed bed type reactor in addition to the slurry bed type reactor.
- the catalyst to be used is preferably formed by blending a binder.
- a composition comprising silica-containing particles and a binder is molded, a zirconium compound is supported on the obtained molded body to obtain a carrier, and further, cobalt is supported on the carrier and FT is obtained.
- a synthesis catalyst may be prepared and then activated by reduction treatment.
- the binder alumina, magnacia, boria, titania and the like may be generally used, and the blending amount thereof may be in a general range.
- Example 1 (Preparation of catalyst) 30 g of spherical silica particles (average pore size 10 nm, average particle size 70 ⁇ m) were weighed into a 250 ml glass bottle, 100 ml of a pH 6.6 nitric acid aqueous solution was added thereto, and ultrasonic waves were irradiated at 40 ° C. for 10 minutes. Thereafter, about 50 ml of the supernatant was sucked with a Pasteur pipette, 150 ml of an aqueous solution of zirconyl ammonium carbonate having a concentration of 0.3 mol / L was added, and the mixture was allowed to stand at room temperature for 24 hours.
- the silica particles carrying zirconium are washed with ion-exchanged water until the pH of the filtrate becomes 7, and vacuum-dried, and then in an air atmosphere
- the carrier was obtained by firing.
- the zirconium oxide content based on the mass of the carrier was 5.3% by mass.
- the resulting support was impregnated with an aqueous cobalt nitrate solution corresponding to 30.1% by mass in terms of tricobalt tetroxide by the Incipient-Wetness method based on the total mass of the prepared FT synthesis catalyst. After impregnation, it was dried at 120 ° C. for 12 hours and then calcined in an air atmosphere to obtain an FT synthesis catalyst.
- the total amount of cobalt atoms supported on the obtained FT synthesis catalyst is tricobalt tetroxide (cobalt oxide).
- the mass of the FT synthesis catalyst in the state of supporting tricobalt tetroxide (cobalt oxide) is As described above, the mass is the reference mass for loading cobalt nitrate (cobalt compound).
- the FT synthesis catalyst was reduced at 350 ° C. for 7 hours under a hydrogen stream to obtain an activated FT synthesis catalyst.
- the degree of reduction of cobalt atoms in the activated FT synthesis catalyst is determined by sampling a small amount of the unreduced FT synthesis catalyst and pretreating it under the same reduction conditions as the above conditions (hydrogen reduction) in the TPR measurement device. Then, the measurement was performed by the method described above. Further, the amount of hydrogen gas adsorbed per unit mass of the catalyst at 100 ° C. was measured by the method described above using a metal dispersity measuring device BEL-METAL-3 manufactured by Bell Japan. Furthermore, the hydrogen gas adsorption amount per unit mass of cobalt metal at 100 ° C. and the “value obtained by multiplying the reduction degree of cobalt atoms by the hydrogen gas adsorption amount per unit mass of cobalt metal at 100 ° C.” It was calculated by the calculation method. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 2 An activated FT synthesis catalyst was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the temperature of the reduction treatment for obtaining the activated FT synthesis catalyst from the FT synthesis catalyst was changed to 330 ° C. And FT synthesis reaction was performed like Example 1 using this. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 3 Similar to Example 1, except that the concentration of the zirconium oxide ammonium carbonate aqueous solution was changed to 7.9% by mass based on the carrier when changing the concentration of the zirconium carbonate ammonium aqueous solution when supporting the zirconium carbonate ammonium on the silica particles. In this way, an activated FT synthesis catalyst was produced. And FT synthesis reaction was performed like Example 1 using this. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 4 An activated FT synthesis catalyst was produced in the same manner as in Example 1, except that in the preparation of the support, zirconium was supported using zirconyl nitrate instead of zirconyl ammonium carbonate. And FT synthesis reaction was performed like Example 1 using this. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 5 In the loading of cobalt on the support, the concentration of the cobalt nitrate aqueous solution was changed, and the content of the supported cobalt oxide (tricobalt tetroxide) was changed to 19.4 mass%. An activated FT synthesis catalyst was prepared. And FT synthesis reaction was performed like Example 1 using this. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 1 An activated FT synthesis catalyst was produced in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the reduction treatment temperature for obtaining the activated FT synthesis catalyst from the FT synthesis catalyst was changed to 400 ° C. And FT synthesis reaction was performed like Example 1 using this. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 2 An activated FT synthesis catalyst was produced in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the reduction treatment temperature for obtaining the activated FT synthesis catalyst from the FT synthesis catalyst was changed to 290 ° C. And FT synthesis reaction was performed like Example 1 using this. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 3 An activated FT synthesis catalyst was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that silica particles not supporting zirconium oxide were used as a support. And FT synthesis reaction was performed like Example 1 using this. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 4 Similar to Example 1, except that the concentration of the zirconium oxide supported on the carrier was changed to 15.6% by mass by changing the concentration of the zirconium carbonate ammonium aqueous solution when supporting the zirconium carbonate ammonium on the silica particles. In this way, an activated FT synthesis catalyst was produced. And FT synthesis reaction was performed like Example 1 using this. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 5 In the carrier preparation, activated FT was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the support of zirconium was carried out by the ordinary incipient wettability method using an aqueous solution of zirconyl nitrate instead of the equilibrium adsorption method using an aqueous solution of zirconyl ammonium carbonate. A synthesis catalyst was produced. And FT synthesis reaction was performed like Example 1 using this. The results are shown in Table 1.
- the activated FT synthesis catalyst of the present invention has good dispersion of cobalt metal particles, and thus performs an FT synthesis reaction at a high CO conversion rate (carbon monoxide conversion rate). It was confirmed that it has excellent FT synthesis reaction activity.
- the catalysts produced in Comparative Examples 1 to 5 do not satisfy the conditions as the activated FT synthesis catalyst of the present invention in terms of Co reduction (cobalt atom reduction) or hydrogen adsorption amount. In the FT synthesis reaction using NO, the carbon monoxide conversion was much lower than that of the activated FT synthesis catalyst produced in Examples 1 to 5.
- the present invention relates to a carrier containing silica and 0.5 to 14% by mass of zirconium oxide based on the mass of the carrier, and 10 to 10 equivalents in terms of tricobalt tetroxide supported on the carrier and based on the mass of the catalyst.
- a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reaction catalyst is used. According to the present invention, hydrocarbons can be produced without using expensive metal species such as rhenium.
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Abstract
Description
本願は、2011年3月31日に日本に出願された特願2011-079049号について優先権を主張し、その内容をここに援用する。
下記式(1)で表されるコバルト原子の還元度が75~93%であり、
100℃における触媒の単位質量当りの水素ガス吸着量が0.40~1.0ml/gである。
以上のようにして、本実施形態の活性化FT合成触媒が得られる。
で表されるコバルト原子の還元度は、75~93%であることが好ましく、80~93%であることがより好ましい。前記還元度が75%未満である場合には、活性化FT合成触媒の活性が低い傾向にある。一方、還元度が93%を超えるように還元を行なうためには、高温あるいは長時間の処理が必要となるが、そのような条件にて還元を行なった場合には、活性化FT合成触媒に含まれるコバルト金属粒子が凝集し、活性が低下する傾向にある。
なおここで、100℃におけるコバルト金属の単位質量当りの水素ガス吸着量は、前述の100℃における触媒の単位質量当りの水素ガス吸着量を、触媒単位質量当りに含まれるコバルト金属(還元されたコバルト金属)の質量で除すことで算出される。触媒単位質量当りに含まれるコバルト金属の質量は、触媒単位質量当りに担持されたCo3O4の質量にコバルト原子の還元度を乗じて算出される。
分離器5は、反応塔2の中央部に接続され、触媒スラリーから、触媒粒子と液体の炭化水素生成物を分離する。
精留塔7においては、反応塔2から分離器5及び気液分離器6を介して供給された液体の炭化水素化合物が、沸点に応じて各留分に分留される。
このような気泡塔型流動床反応装置1を主体とするFT合成ユニット10により、本実施形態の高い活性を有する活性化FT合成触媒を用いて、炭化水素を効率良く製造することができる。
(触媒の調製)
球状のシリカ粒子(平均細孔径10nm、平均粒子径70μm)30gを250mlのガラス瓶に秤量し、そこへpH6.6の硝酸水溶液100mlを加え、超音波を40℃で10分間照射した。その後、約50mlの上澄み液をパスツールピペットで吸出し、濃度0.3mol/Lの炭酸ジルコニールアンモニウム水溶液150mlを加えて24時間室温で静置した。その後、ろ紙でろ過してジルコニウムが担持されたシリカ粒子を採取(分離)した後、これをろ液のpHが7になるまでイオン交換水により洗浄し、真空乾燥を行い、次いで空気雰囲気下で焼成することで担体を得た。この担体の質量を基準とする酸化ジルコニウムの含有量は、5.3質量%であった。
上記還元処理して得た活性化FT合成触媒5gを、酸化されないように不活性雰囲気下、ドライボックス中で取り出し、セタン30mlと共に内容積100mlのステンレス鋼製オートクレーブ型反応器に移し、フィッシャー・トロプシュ合成反応を行った。水素ガス/一酸化炭素ガスが2/1(モル比)の混合ガスを原料とし、W(触媒質量)/F(合成ガス流量)=3g・h/mol、温度230℃、圧力2.3MPa、攪拌速度1000rpmにおいて反応を開始した。反応器出口のガス組成をガスクロマトグラフィーで経時的に分析し、この分析データから一酸化炭素の転化率(CO転化率)を算出した。結果を表1に示す。
FT合成触媒から活性化FT合成触媒を得るための還元処理の温度を330℃に変更した以外は、実施例1と同様にして活性化FT合成触媒を製造した。そして、これを用いて実施例1と同様にFT合成反応を行った。結果を表1に示す。
シリカ粒子に炭酸ジルコニールアンモニウムを担持する際の、炭酸ジルコニールアンモニウム水溶液の濃度を変更して、担体基準の酸化ジルコニウムの担持量を7.9質量%に変更した以外は、実施例1と同様にして活性化FT合成触媒を製造した。そして、これを用いて実施例1と同様にFT合成反応を行った。結果を表1に示す。
担体の調製において、炭酸ジルコニールアンモニウムに代えて硝酸ジルコニールを用いてジルコニウムの担持を行った以外は、実施例1と同様にして活性化FT合成触媒を製造した。そして、これを用いて実施例1と同様にFT合成反応を行った。結果を表1に示す。
担体へのコバルトの担持において、硝酸コバルト水溶液の濃度を変更して、担持する酸化コバルト(四酸化三コバルト)の含有量を19.4質量%に変更した以外は、実施例1と同様にして活性化FT合成触媒を製造した。そして、これを用いて実施例1と同様にFT合成反応を行った。結果を表1に示す。
FT合成触媒から活性化FT合成触媒を得るための還元処理の温度を400℃に変更した以外は、実施例1と同様にして活性化FT合成触媒を製造した。そして、これを用いて実施例1と同様にFT合成反応を行った。結果を表1に示す。
FT合成触媒から活性化FT合成触媒を得るための還元処理の温度を290℃に変更した以外は、実施例1と同様にして活性化FT合成触媒を製造した。そして、これを用いて実施例1と同様にFT合成反応を行った。結果を表1に示す。
担体として酸化ジルコニウムを担持しないシリカ粒子を用いた以外は、実施例1と同様にして活性化FT合成触媒を製造した。そして、これを用いて実施例1と同様にFT合成反応を行った。結果を表1に示す。
シリカ粒子に炭酸ジルコニールアンモニウムを担持する際の、炭酸ジルコニールアンモニウム水溶液の濃度を変更して、担体基準の酸化ジルコニウムの担持量を15.6質量%に変更した以外は、実施例1と同様にして活性化FT合成触媒を製造した。そして、これを用いて実施例1と同様にFT合成反応を行った。結果を表1に示す。
担体調製においてジルコニウムの担持を、炭酸ジルコニールアンモニウム水溶液を用いた平衡吸着法に代えて、硝酸ジルコニール水溶液を用いた通常のIncipient Wetness法で行った以外は、実施例1と同様にして活性化FT合成触媒を製造した。
そして、これを用いて実施例1と同様にFT合成反応を行った。結果を表1に示す。
一方、比較例1~5で製造された触媒は、Co還元度(コバルト原子の還元度)あるいは水素吸着量について、本発明の活性化FT合成触媒としての条件を満たしておらず、これらの触媒を用いたFT合成反応においては、一酸化炭素転化率が実施例1~5で製造された活性化FT合成触媒に比べて格段に低い値となっていた。
2 反応塔
3 冷却管
4、6 気液分離器
5 分離器
7 精留塔
10 FT合成ユニット
Claims (4)
- 100℃におけるコバルト金属の単位質量当りの水素ガス吸着量が3.4~5.0ml/gである請求項1記載のフィッシャー・トロプシュ合成反応用触媒。
- 前記コバルト原子の還元度と前記100℃におけるコバルト金属の単位質量当りの水素ガス吸着量とを乗じて得られる値が、290~350である請求項1又は2に記載のフィッシャー・トロプシュ合成反応用触媒。
- 請求項1記載の活性化されたフィッシャー・トロプシュ合成反応用触媒の存在下に、一酸化炭素ガスと水素ガスとを含む原料をフィッシャー・トロプシュ合成反応に供する炭化水素の製造方法。
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