WO2012131894A1 - 電源システムおよびそれを搭載する車両、ならびに電源システムの制御方法 - Google Patents
電源システムおよびそれを搭載する車両、ならびに電源システムの制御方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012131894A1 WO2012131894A1 PCT/JP2011/057779 JP2011057779W WO2012131894A1 WO 2012131894 A1 WO2012131894 A1 WO 2012131894A1 JP 2011057779 W JP2011057779 W JP 2011057779W WO 2012131894 A1 WO2012131894 A1 WO 2012131894A1
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- power storage
- storage device
- power
- cid
- voltage
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
- H02H3/26—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to difference between voltages or between currents; responsive to phase angle between voltages or between currents
- H02H3/28—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to difference between voltages or between currents; responsive to phase angle between voltages or between currents involving comparison of the voltage or current values at two spaced portions of a single system, e.g. at opposite ends of one line, at input and output of apparatus
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L1/00—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles
- B60L1/003—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles to auxiliary motors, e.g. for pumps, compressors
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- B60L15/00—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles
- B60L15/007—Physical arrangements or structures of drive train converters specially adapted for the propulsion motors of electric vehicles
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- B60L15/00—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles
- B60L15/20—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles for control of the vehicle or its driving motor to achieve a desired performance, e.g. speed, torque, programmed variation of speed
- B60L15/2009—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles for control of the vehicle or its driving motor to achieve a desired performance, e.g. speed, torque, programmed variation of speed for braking
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- B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
- B60L3/0023—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train
- B60L3/0038—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train relating to sensors
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- B60L3/0046—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train relating to electric energy storage systems, e.g. batteries or capacitors
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a power supply system, a vehicle on which the power supply system is mounted, and a control method of the power supply system, and more specifically, a technique for detecting the operation of a current interrupt device (CID) included in a power storage device.
- CID current interrupt device
- a vehicle that is mounted with a power storage device (for example, a secondary battery or a capacitor) and travels by using a driving force generated from electric power stored in the power storage device as an environment-friendly vehicle.
- a power storage device for example, a secondary battery or a capacitor
- Examples of the vehicle include an electric vehicle, a hybrid vehicle, and a fuel cell vehicle.
- Such a power storage device is generally configured to output a desired voltage by stacking a plurality of battery cells in series or in parallel.
- the function of the power storage device may not be normally performed. Therefore, it is necessary to detect abnormality of the battery cell.
- Patent Document 1 discloses that in a power supply device for a vehicle, a connection portion provided between a power storage device and an electric load load is set in a connected state in response to a vehicle start instruction, A configuration is disclosed for diagnosing the presence or absence of disconnection in the operating current supply path from the power storage device to the electric load based on the output of the current sensor when power is consumed by the load.
- JP 2009-189209 A JP 2009-278705 A JP 2009-148139 A JP 2009-171644 A JP 2010-051072 A
- Some power storage devices include a current interrupt device (hereinafter also referred to as a CID “Current Interrupt Device”) in each battery cell.
- This CID generally has a configuration in which, when an abnormality occurs in a battery cell and the internal pressure of the battery cell exceeds a specified value, the CID is activated by the internal pressure to cut off the energization path of the power storage device in hardware. Therefore, the overvoltage of the power storage device is prevented by operating the CID.
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2009-189209
- Patent Document 2 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2009-189209
- this CID is not described, and nothing is shown about the CID operation detection method.
- the present invention has been made to solve such a problem, and an object thereof is to accurately detect the operation of the CID in a power supply system including a power storage device including the CID.
- the power supply system includes a power storage device and a control device, and supplies driving power to the load device.
- the power storage device includes a shut-off device that is configured to operate when the internal pressure of the power storage device exceeds a specified value and to shut off the energization path of the power storage device.
- the load device includes a voltage detection unit for detecting a voltage applied to the load device, and in response to the failure of the voltage detection unit, the supply of power from the load device to the power storage device is stopped.
- a control apparatus detects the presence or absence of the action
- the signal output unit includes a current detection unit for detecting an actual current input to and output from the power storage device.
- the control device detects whether or not the shut-off device is activated based on the actual current detected by the current detection unit and the command current to be input / output from the power storage device determined from the required power based on the user operation.
- control device sets a change length obtained by integrating a change amount for each sampling cycle for the actual current and a change amount for each sampling cycle for the command current during a predetermined period. Calculate the accumulated change length. And a control apparatus determines the presence or absence of the action
- control device uses the first threshold value and the second threshold value larger than the first threshold value, so that the change length of the actual current is smaller than the first threshold value, and When the change length of the command current is greater than the second threshold value, it is determined that the interrupting device has been activated.
- a switching device for switching between conduction and non-conduction between the power storage device and the load device is provided in a path connecting the power storage device and the load device.
- the control device switches the switching device to non-conduction when it is determined that the shut-off device is activated.
- the signal output unit includes an auxiliary device connected to the power storage device in parallel with the load device.
- the auxiliary device has a device capable of outputting a voltage drop signal indicating that the input voltage has dropped in a state where driving is required.
- a control apparatus detects the presence or absence of the action
- the device includes a voltage conversion device configured to step down the power from the power storage device.
- a switching device for switching between conduction and non-conduction between the power storage device and the load device is provided in a path connecting the power storage device and the load device.
- the control device switches the switching device to non-conduction when it is determined that the shut-off device is activated.
- a vehicle includes a power storage device, a load device including a drive device configured to generate a driving force of the vehicle using electric power from the power storage device, and a control device.
- the power storage device includes a shut-off device that is configured to operate when the internal pressure of the power storage device exceeds a specified value and to shut off the energization path of the power storage device.
- the load device includes a voltage detection unit for detecting a voltage applied to the load device, and in response to the failure of the voltage detection unit, the supply of power from the load device to the power storage device is stopped.
- a control apparatus detects the presence or absence of the action
- the signal output unit includes a current detection unit for detecting an actual current input to and output from the power storage device.
- the control device stores power determined by a change length obtained by integrating a magnitude of a change amount for each sampling period with respect to an actual current detected by a current detection unit and a required power based on a user operation during a predetermined period. Calculates the change length of the amount of change for each sampling period for the command current to be input and output from the device, and whether or not the breaker operates based on the change length of the actual current and the change length of the command current Determine.
- the signal output unit includes an auxiliary device connected to the power storage device in parallel with the load device.
- the auxiliary device has a voltage conversion device capable of stepping down the electric power from the power storage device and outputting a voltage drop signal indicating that the input voltage has dropped in a state where driving is required.
- a control apparatus detects the presence or absence of the action
- the control method for a power supply system is a control method for a power supply system including a power storage device for supplying driving power to a load device.
- the power storage device includes a shut-off device that is configured to operate when the internal pressure of the power storage device exceeds a specified value and to shut off the energization path of the power storage device.
- the load device includes a voltage detection unit for detecting a voltage applied to the load device.
- the control method includes detecting a failure of the voltage detection unit, stopping supplying power from the load device to the power storage device in response to the failure of the voltage detection unit, and the voltage detection unit. Detecting whether or not the shut-off device is activated based on information from different signal output units.
- the signal output unit includes a current detection unit for detecting an actual current input to and output from the power storage device.
- the step of detecting the presence or absence of the operation of the interrupting device is a step of calculating a change length obtained by integrating the magnitude of the change amount for each sampling period for the actual current detected by the current detection unit during a predetermined period.
- the signal output unit includes an auxiliary device connected to the power storage device in parallel with the load device.
- the auxiliary device includes a voltage conversion device capable of stepping down the electric power from the power storage device and outputting a voltage drop signal indicating that the input voltage has dropped in a state where driving is required.
- the step of detecting whether or not the shut-off device is operating includes a step of detecting whether or not the shut-off device is operating based on a voltage drop signal from the voltage conversion device.
- the operation of the CID can be accurately detected in the power supply system including the power storage device including the CID.
- FIG. 1 is an overall block diagram of a vehicle equipped with a power supply system according to an embodiment of the present invention. It is a figure which shows the detailed structure of an electrical storage apparatus. It is a figure for demonstrating electric current change length. It is a figure for demonstrating the relationship between an actual electric current change length and command electric current change length, and a vehicle state. 3 is a time chart for explaining an outline of CID operation detection control in the first embodiment. In Embodiment 1, it is a functional block diagram for demonstrating the operation
- movement detection control of CID performed by ECU. 5 is a flowchart for illustrating details of a CID operation detection control process executed by an ECU in the first embodiment.
- Embodiment 2 it is a flowchart for demonstrating the detail of the action
- Embodiment 3 it is a flowchart for demonstrating the detail of the action
- FIG. 1 is an overall block diagram of a vehicle 100 including a power supply system according to the present embodiment.
- vehicle 100 includes a power storage device 110, a system main relay SMR 115, a load device 190, an auxiliary device 200, and an ECU (Electronic Control Unit) 300 that is a control device.
- a power storage device 110 a system main relay SMR 115, a load device 190, an auxiliary device 200, and an ECU (Electronic Control Unit) 300 that is a control device.
- ECU Electronic Control Unit
- the load device 190 includes a converter 120, inverters 130 and 135, motor generators 140 and 145, a power transmission gear 150, an engine 160, driving wheels 170, voltage sensors 180 and 185 as voltage detection units, and capacitors. Including C1 and C2.
- the power storage device 110 is a power storage element configured to be chargeable / dischargeable.
- the power storage device 110 includes, for example, a secondary battery such as a lithium ion battery, a nickel metal hydride battery, or a lead storage battery, and a power storage element such as an electric double layer capacitor.
- Power storage device 110 is connected to converter 120 via power line PL1 and ground line NL1. Power storage device 110 stores the electric power generated by motor generators 140 and 145. The output of power storage device 110 is, for example, about 200V.
- the power storage device 110 is provided with a voltage sensor 111 and a current sensor 112.
- Voltage sensor 111 detects the voltage of power storage device 110 and outputs the detected value VB to ECU 300.
- Current sensor 112 detects a current input / output to / from power storage device 110 and outputs a detected value IB to ECU 300.
- 1 shows a configuration in which current sensor 112 is provided on power line PL1 connected to the positive terminal of power storage device 110, but is provided on ground line NL1 connected to the negative terminal of power storage device 110. It may be a configuration.
- SMR 115 The relays included in SMR 115 are respectively inserted in power line PL1 and ground line NL1 connecting power storage device 110 and converter 120. SMR 115 is controlled by control signal SE ⁇ b> 1 from ECU 300, and switches between power supply and cutoff between power storage device 110 and load device 190.
- Capacitor C1 is connected between power line PL1 and ground line NL1. Capacitor C1 reduces voltage fluctuation between power line PL1 and ground line NL1. Voltage sensor 180 detects voltage VL applied to capacitor C1 and outputs the detected value to ECU 300.
- Converter 120 includes switching elements Q1 and Q2, diodes D1 and D2, and a reactor L1.
- Switching elements Q1 and Q2 are connected in series between power line PL2 and ground line NL1, with the direction from power line PL2 toward ground line NL1 as the forward direction.
- an IGBT Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor
- a power MOS Metal Oxide Semiconductor
- a power bipolar transistor or the like can be used as the switching element.
- Anti-parallel diodes D1 and D2 are connected to switching elements Q1 and Q2, respectively.
- Reactor L1 is provided between a connection node of switching elements Q1 and Q2 and power line PL1.
- Switching elements Q1 and Q2 are controlled by a control signal PWC from ECU 300, and perform a voltage conversion operation between power line PL1 and ground line NL1, and power line PL2 and ground line NL1.
- Converter 120 is basically controlled such that switching elements Q1 and Q2 are turned on and off in a complementary manner in each switching period.
- Converter 120 boosts DC voltage VL to DC voltage VH during the boosting operation. This boosting operation is performed by supplying the electromagnetic energy accumulated in reactor L1 during the ON period of switching element Q2 to power line PL2 via switching element Q1 and antiparallel diode D1.
- converter 120 steps down DC voltage VH to DC voltage VL during the step-down operation.
- This step-down operation is performed by supplying the electromagnetic energy stored in reactor L1 during the ON period of switching element Q1 to ground line NL1 via switching element Q2 and antiparallel diode D2.
- the voltage conversion ratio (ratio of VH and VL) in these step-up and step-down operations is controlled by the on-period ratio (duty ratio) of the switching elements Q1 and Q2 in the switching period.
- the voltage conversion ratio 1 by setting the control signal PWC to fix the switching elements Q1 and Q2 to ON and OFF, respectively.
- 0.0 (duty ratio 100%).
- Capacitor C2 is connected between power line PL2 connecting converter 120 and inverters 130 and 135 and ground line NL1. Capacitor C2 reduces voltage fluctuation between power line PL2 and ground line NL1. Voltage sensor 185 detects voltage VH applied to capacitor C2, and outputs the detected value to ECU 300.
- Inverters 130 and 135 are connected in parallel to converter 120 via power line PL2 and ground line NL1. Inverters 130 and 135 are controlled by control commands PWI1 and PWI2 from ECU 300, respectively, and convert DC power output from converter 120 into AC power for driving motor generators 140 and 145, respectively.
- Motor generators 140 and 145 are AC rotating electric machines, for example, permanent magnet type synchronous motors having a rotor in which permanent magnets are embedded.
- the output torque of the motor generators 140 and 145 is transmitted to the drive wheels 170 via the power transmission gear 150 constituted by a speed reducer and a power split mechanism, thereby causing the vehicle 100 to travel.
- Motor generators 140 and 145 can generate electric power with the rotational force of drive wheels 170 during regenerative braking operation of vehicle 100.
- the generated power is converted into charging power for power storage device 110 by inverters 130 and 135.
- the auxiliary device 200 includes a DC / DC converter 210, an auxiliary load 220, and an auxiliary battery 230.
- DC / DC converter 210 is connected in parallel with load device 190 to power line PL1 and ground line NL1.
- DC / DC converter 210 steps down electric power generated by power storage device 110 or motor generators 140 and 145 based on control signal PWD from ECU 300, and supplies power to auxiliary load 220 and auxiliary battery 230 via power line PL3. Supply stepped down power.
- DC / DC converter 210 When DC / DC converter 210 receives control signal PWD from ECU 300 and detects that the input voltage from power line PL1 and ground line NL1 has dropped below a predetermined voltage level, DC / DC converter 210 sends low voltage signal UV to ECU 300. Is output.
- the auxiliary battery 230 is typically composed of a lead storage battery. Auxiliary battery 230 supplies power supply voltage to low-voltage loads of vehicle 100 such as auxiliary load 220 and ECU 300. Auxiliary battery 230 is charged with electric power supplied from DC / DC converter 210. The output voltage of auxiliary battery 230 is lower than the output voltage of power storage device 110, for example, about 12V.
- the auxiliary machine load 220 includes devices such as lamps, wipers, heaters, audio, and navigation systems.
- ECU 300 includes a CPU (Central Processing Unit), a storage device, and an input / output buffer (not shown in FIG. 1).
- the ECU 300 inputs a signal from each sensor and outputs a control signal to each device. 100 and each device are controlled. Note that these controls are not limited to processing by software, and can be processed by dedicated hardware (electronic circuit).
- ECU 300 receives detected values of voltage VB and current IB from a sensor (not shown) included in power storage device 110. ECU 300 calculates the state of charge of power storage device 110 (hereinafter also referred to as SOC (State of Charge)) based on voltage VB and current IB.
- SOC State of Charge
- the power storage device 110 is configured to output a desired voltage by connecting a plurality of battery cells in series, as will be described later with reference to FIG. 2, but the voltage VB detected by the voltage sensor 111 is In general, the calculation is based on the sum of the voltages of the individual battery cells, not the voltage across the power storage device 110. Therefore, the output of the voltage VB does not necessarily become zero even when the CID is activated.
- ECU 300 receives required power PR to be input / output from power storage device 110 out of vehicle driving force determined based on an operation of an accelerator pedal (not shown) by the user. ECU 300 controls converter 120 and inverters 130 and 135 based on this required power PR.
- one control device is provided as the ECU 300.
- each function or control target device such as a control device for the load device 190 or a control device for the power storage device 110. It is good also as a structure which provides a separate control apparatus.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a detailed configuration of the power storage device 110.
- power storage device 110 is configured to include a plurality of battery cells CL1 to CLn (hereinafter also collectively referred to as CL) connected in series, and a desired output depending on the number of battery cells CL. A voltage is obtained.
- Each battery cell CL is provided with a current interrupt device CID.
- the CID When the internal pressure of the battery cell CL exceeds a specified value due to the gas generated from the electrolyte of the battery cell CL, the CID is activated by the internal pressure and physically shuts off the battery cell from other battery cells. . Therefore, when any CID of battery cell CL is activated, no current flows through power storage device 110.
- a difference voltage between the total voltage of the battery cells other than the battery cell in which the CID is activated and the input voltage VL to the load device 190 may be applied to the activated CID.
- the SMR 115 is in a conductive state, for example, when the charge of the capacitor C1 decreases due to power consumption by the load device 190 or the auxiliary device 200 and the voltage VL decreases, the voltage applied to the activated CID increases accordingly. . Since the gap between the portions cut off by the CID is small, if the voltage applied to the CID exceeds a predetermined withstand voltage, a secondary failure is induced, for example, a spark is generated in the gap. There is a fear. Therefore, it is necessary to quickly detect the operation of the CID. However, in general, the battery cell CL may not have a means for outputting that the CID is activated.
- the voltage VL decreases rapidly compared to the case where the CID is not operating. For this reason, when the load is high, it is possible to detect whether or not the CID is activated by monitoring the degree of increase or decrease of the voltage VL. Alternatively, it is also possible to detect whether or not the CID is activated by using the voltage VH instead of the voltage VL.
- the gates of switching elements Q1 and Q2 of converter 120 are shut off to stop the voltage conversion operation and prohibit charging of power storage device 110, while only discharging from power storage device 110 is performed. Permit to continue the vehicle.
- control using input / output current IB from power storage device 110 is often performed instead of system voltage sensor.
- the input / output current IB from the power storage device 110 is substantially zero.
- current IB may be zero even when, for example, there is no power consumption by load device 190 and auxiliary device 200, or when power generation and power consumption are balanced in motor generators 140 and 145. is there. Therefore, it may occur that the operation of the CID cannot be properly detected by monitoring the behavior of the current IB.
- an actual input / output current IB (hereinafter also referred to as “actual current IB”) of power storage device 110 and power storage.
- actual current IB an actual input / output current IB
- command current IR A configuration for detecting the operation of the CID without using the detection value of the system voltage sensor based on the requested current to be input / output from the device 110 (hereinafter also referred to as “command current IR”) will be described.
- the presence / absence of CID operation is detected based on a “change length” obtained by integrating changes in the magnitudes of the actual current IB and the command current IR for each sampling period in a predetermined period.
- the actual current change length IBint and the command current change length IRint will be described with reference to FIG. 3.
- the actual current change length IBint will be described as an example.
- the actual current change length IBint can be an index representing how much the actual current IB has changed in a predetermined period T0. Therefore, for example, even if the average value of the actual current IB during the period T0 is the same, the value of the actual current change length IBint is larger when the current is oscillating during that period.
- a method for determining the operation of the CID using the actual current change length IBint and the command current change length IPint will be described with reference to FIG.
- the horizontal axis represents the command current change length IRint
- the vertical axis represents the actual current change length IBint.
- command current IR and actual current IB are generally equal in consideration of a time delay such as a control delay. Value. Therefore, the actual current change length IBint and the command current change length IRint are plotted in the range of the region A surrounded by the dotted line in FIG.
- the command current change length IRint is equal to or greater than the threshold value ⁇ ( ⁇ > 0) and the actual current change length IBint is a threshold value while taking into consideration the detection error of the current sensor 112 and the calculation error of the command current IR.
- FIG. 5 is a time chart for explaining the outline of the CID operation detection control in the first embodiment.
- the horizontal axis indicates time
- the vertical axis indicates the actual current change length IBint (lower stage), the command current change length IRint (middle stage), and the counter CNT (upper stage) indicating the accumulated time of each change length. Is shown.
- both actual current IB and command current IR are positive values.
- the values of the command current change length IRint and the actual current change length IBint at that time are Are compared with the above-mentioned threshold values ⁇ and ⁇ , respectively.
- FIG. 6 is a functional block diagram for explaining the CID operation detection control executed by the ECU 300 in the first embodiment. Each functional block described in the functional block diagram of FIG. 6 is realized by hardware or software processing by ECU 300.
- ECU 300 includes a current detection unit 310, a command current calculation unit 320, an integration unit 330, a determination unit 340, a relay control unit 350, and a drive control unit 360.
- Current detector 310 receives actual current IB input / output to / from power storage device 110 detected by current sensor 112. The current detection unit 310 calculates a change amount ⁇ IB of the current IB from the current value detected in the previous sampling cycle. Current detection unit 310 then outputs change amount ⁇ IB of actual current IB to integration unit 330.
- the command current calculation unit 320 also calculates a change amount ⁇ IR from the command current calculated in the previous sampling cycle. Then, command current calculation unit 320 outputs change amount ⁇ IR of command current IR to integration unit 330.
- Integrating unit 330 receives change amount ⁇ IB of actual current IB from current detection unit 310 and change amount ⁇ IR of command current from command current calculation unit 320. Accumulator 330 receives control signal SE1 for driving SMR 115 and an abnormal signal ABN indicating that the system voltage sensor is abnormal.
- Accumulator 330 changes change amount ⁇ IB of actual current IB and change in command current IR for each sampling period when SMR 115 is in a conductive state by control signal SE1 and abnormal signal ABN indicates an abnormality of the system voltage sensor.
- the amount ⁇ IR is integrated to calculate the actual current change length IBint and the command current change length IRint. Further, the integrating unit 330 also integrates the counter CNT that represents the time (monitoring time) during which the integration is executed.
- the integration unit 330 outputs the calculated actual current change length IBint, the command current change length IRint, and the counter CNT to the determination unit 340.
- the integrating unit 330 completes the actual current change length IBint, the command current change length IRint, and the value of the counter CNT. Reset to zero.
- Determination unit 340 receives actual current change length IBint, command current change length IRint, and counter CNT from integration unit 330. Further, the determination unit 340 receives the low voltage signal UV from the DC / DC converter 210. Based on these pieces of information, the determination unit 340 determines whether the CID is operating by the method described with reference to FIGS. 4 and 5 and sets the determination flag FLG. For example, when it is determined that the CID is operating, the determination flag FLG is set to ON, and when it is determined that the CID is not operating, the determination flag is set to OFF. Thereafter, determination unit 340 outputs set determination flag FLG to relay control unit 350.
- Relay control unit 350 receives determination flag FLG from determination unit 340. When the determination flag FLG is on, that is, when the CID is operating, the relay control unit 350 opens the SMR 115 by the control signal SE1.
- the drive control unit 360 receives the required power PR and an abnormal signal ABN indicating that the system voltage sensor is abnormal.
- Drive control unit 360 generates control signals PWC and PWI for controlling converter 120 and inverters 130 and 135 based on required power PR.
- drive control unit 360 blocks the gates of switching elements Q1 and Q2 in converter 120, and prohibits charging operation of power storage device 110 by the power generated by inverters 130 and 135. Only the discharging operation from the power storage device 110 is enabled.
- FIG. 7 is a flowchart for explaining details of the CID operation detection control process executed by ECU 300 in the first embodiment.
- the flowcharts described later with reference to FIGS. 7, 8, and 9 are realized by a program stored in advance in ECU 300 being called from the main routine and executed in a predetermined cycle. Alternatively, for some steps, processing can be realized by dedicated hardware (electronic circuit).
- ECU 300 determines whether or not both system voltage sensors (voltage sensors 180 and 185) are abnormal in step (hereinafter, step is abbreviated as S) 100.
- ECU 300 calculates command current IR based on required power PR and voltage VB of power storage device 110 (S120), and acquires actual current IB from current sensor 112 (S130).
- ECU 300 starts counter CNT and calculates change length IBint of actual current IB and change length IRint of command current IR.
- ECU 300 determines in S150 whether or not a predetermined monitoring time has elapsed based on the count value of counter CNT.
- the processing is repeated from S120 to S140, and the counter is counted up, and the actual current change length IBint and the command current change length are increased.
- the IRint addition process is continued.
- command current change length IRint is greater than or equal to threshold value ⁇ , and It is determined whether or not the current change length IBint is smaller than the threshold value ⁇ .
- command current change length IRint is equal to or greater than threshold value ⁇ and actual current change length IBint is smaller than threshold value ⁇ (YES in S160)
- the process proceeds to S170, and ECU 300 operates CID. It is determined that Thereafter, the process proceeds to S180, and ECU 300 opens SMR 115.
- ECU 300 may not operate CID. If it is determined that the value is low, the process proceeds to S175, the integrated values of the counter CNT, the command current change length IRint, and the actual current change length IBint are reset to initial values, and the process returns to the main routine.
- the integrated values of the counter CNT, the command current change length IRint, and the actual current change length IBint are reset to initial values.
- capacitor C1 has only power supplied from power storage device 110. Will be charged by.
- the input voltage of the DC / DC converter 210 included in the auxiliary device 200 is lowered. Therefore, when the voltage across the capacitor C1 falls below a predetermined voltage level, the DC / DC The converter 210 becomes inoperable, and the low voltage signal UV is output from the DC / DC converter 210.
- the voltage VL has been indirectly decreased by the low voltage signal UV from the DC / DC converter 210, thereby detecting that the CID is activated.
- FIG. 8 is a flowchart for explaining details of the CID operation detection control process executed by the ECU 300 in the second embodiment.
- ECU 300 determines in S200 whether or not both system voltage sensors are abnormal.
- ECU 300 determines whether or not low voltage signal UV from DC / DC converter 210 is on.
- ECU 300 determines that CID is not operating, and returns the process to the main routine.
- the configuration for detecting the operation of the CID using the low voltage signal UV from the DC / DC converter 210 has been described. However, if a signal similar to the low voltage signal UV can be output, the DC can be output.
- the CID may be detected based on a signal from another device different from the DC converter 210. For example, an air conditioner (not shown) connected to the power line PL1 and the ground line NL1 in parallel with the auxiliary device 200, equipment described in the auxiliary load 220, and the like may be included in this.
- the third embodiment shows an example in which the first embodiment and the second embodiment described above are combined.
- the control logic can be a simple configuration. However, the input voltage of the DC / DC converter can be used. Since the operation of CID is not detected until a certain voltage VL drops to a predetermined voltage level, there is a possibility that the timing of detecting the operation of CID may be delayed.
- the configuration of the first embodiment always requires the calculation process of the current change length regardless of the level of the voltage VL, the calculation load becomes relatively high. For this reason, for example, when the voltage VL rapidly decreases in the power running state, the detection of the CID operation is delayed by the calculation of the current change length, and further, the CID operation detectability decreases due to variations in the current sensor. There is a fear.
- the current change length calculation process is not performed.
- the operation of the CID can be determined immediately, and the CID can be determined using the current change length even before the voltage VL sufficiently decreases. This makes it possible to quickly detect the operation of the CID while reducing unnecessary arithmetic processing.
- FIG. 9 is a flowchart for explaining details of the CID operation detection control process executed by ECU 300 in the third embodiment.
- FIG. 9 is obtained by adding step S111 to the flowchart described in FIG. 7 of the first embodiment. In FIG. 9, the description of the same steps as those in FIG. 7 will not be repeated.
- ECU 300 causes DC / DC converter 210 in S111. It is determined whether the low voltage signal UV from is ON.
- ECU 300 When low voltage signal UV is off (NO in S111), ECU 300 causes ECU 300 to advance the process to S120 and, as described in the first embodiment, the actual current change length according to the processes of S120 to S160. CID operation detection using IBint and command current change length IRint is executed.
- SMR115 in the present embodiment is an example of the “switching device” in the present invention.
- the “DC / DC converter” in the present embodiment is an example of the “voltage converter” in the present invention.
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Abstract
Description
図1は、本実施の形態に従う電源システムを含む車両100の全体ブロック図である。
上述のような構成を有する車両において、電圧センサ180,185(以下、これらを総称して「システム電圧センサ」とも称する。)が故障した場合には、コンバータ120の低圧側および高圧側の電圧がECU300において認識できないので、コンバータ120による適切な電圧変換動作が行なえなくなる。
このとき、予め定められた期間T0におけるサンプリング回数をkとすると、実電流変化長IBint(k)は、式(2)のように表わされる。
(i=1,k)
すなわち、実電流変化長IBintは、所定の期間T0において、実電流IBがどれだけ振動的に変化したかを表わす指標となり得る。したがって、たとえば、期間T0の間における実電流IBの平均値が同じであったとしても、その間に振動的に電流が変化しているほうが、実電流変化長IBintの値は大きくなる。
次に、実電流変化長IBintおよび指令電流変化長IPintを用いてCIDの動作を判定する手法を、図4を用いて説明する。図4においては、横軸に指令電流変化長IRintが示され、縦軸に実電流変化長IBintが示される。
実施の形態1においては、システム電圧センサが異常となった場合に、実電流の変化長と指令電流の変化長とを用いて、CIDの作動を検出する構成について説明した。
実施の形態3は、上述の実施の形態1および実施の形態2を組み合わせた場合の例を示す。
Claims (14)
- 負荷装置(190)に駆動電力を供給するための電源システムであって、
前記負荷装置(190)に電気的に接続される蓄電装置(110)と、
制御装置(300)とを備え、
前記蓄電装置(110)は、前記蓄電装置(110)の内圧が規定値を超えた場合に作動して、前記蓄電装置(110)の通電経路を遮断するように構成された遮断装置(CID)を含み、
前記負荷装置(190)は、前記負荷装置(190)に印加される電圧を検出するための電圧検出部(180,185)を含み、前記電圧検出部(180,185)が故障したことに応答して、前記負荷装置(190)から前記蓄電装置(110)への電力の供給が停止され、
前記制御装置(300)は、前記電圧検出部(180,185)とは異なる信号出力部(112,210)からの情報に基づいて前記遮断装置(CID)の作動の有無を検出する、電源システム。 - 前記信号出力部は、前記蓄電装置(110)に入出力される実電流を検出するための電流検出部(112)を含み、
前記制御装置(300)は、前記電流検出部(112)により検出された前記実電流と、ユーザ操作に基づく要求電力から定まる前記蓄電装置(110)から入出力すべき指令電流とに基づいて、前記遮断装置(CID)の作動の有無を検出する、請求項1に記載の電源システム。 - 前記制御装置(300)は、予め定められた期間の間における、前記実電流についてのサンプリング周期ごとの変化量の大きさを積算した変化長、および前記指令電流についてのサンプリング周期ごとの変化量の大きさを積算した変化長を演算するとともに、前記実電流の変化長および前記指令電流の変化長に基づいて、前記遮断装置(CID)の作動の有無を判定する、請求項2に記載の電源システム。
- 前記制御装置(300)は、第1のしきい値および前記第1のしきい値より大きい第2のしきい値とを用いて、前記実電流の変化長が前記第1のしきい値より小さく、かつ、前記指令電流の変化長が前記第2のしきい値よりも大きいときに、前記遮断装置(CID)が作動したと判定する、請求項3に記載の電源システム。
- 前記蓄電装置(110)と前記負荷装置(190)とを結ぶ経路に、前記蓄電装置(110)と前記負荷装置(190)との間の導通および非導通を切換えるための切換装置(115)が設けられ、
前記制御装置(300)は、前記遮断装置(CID)が作動したと判定した場合は、前記切換装置(115)を非導通に切換える、請求項4に記載の電源システム。 - 前記信号出力部は、前記負荷装置(190)と並列に前記蓄電装置(110)へ接続される補機装置(200)を含み、
前記補機装置(200)は、駆動が要求されている状態において入力電圧が低下したことを示す電圧低下信号を出力することが可能な機器(210)を有し、
前記制御装置(300)は、前記機器(210)からの前記電圧低下信号に基づいて、前記遮断装置(CID)の作動の有無を検出する、請求項1または2に記載の電源システム。 - 前記機器は、前記蓄電装置(110)からの電力を降圧するように構成された電圧変換装置(210)を含む、請求項6に記載の電源システム。
- 前記蓄電装置(110)と前記負荷装置(190)とを結ぶ経路に、前記蓄電装置(110)と前記負荷装置(190)との間の導通および非導通を切換えるための切換装置(115)が設けられ、
前記制御装置(300)は、前記遮断装置(CID)が作動したと判定した場合は、前記切換装置(115)を非導通に切換える、請求項6に記載の電源システム。 - 車両であって、
蓄電装置(110)と、
前記蓄電装置(110)からの電力を用いて前記車両(100)の駆動力を発生するように構成された駆動装置を含む負荷装置(190)と、
制御装置(300)とを備え、
前記蓄電装置(110)は、前記蓄電装置(110)の内圧が規定値を超えた場合に作動して、前記蓄電装置(110)の通電経路を遮断するように構成された遮断装置(CID)を含み、
前記負荷装置(190)は、前記負荷装置(190)に印加される電圧を検出するための電圧検出部(180,185)を含むとともに、前記電圧検出部(180,185)が故障したことに応答して、前記負荷装置(190)から前記蓄電装置(110)への電力の供給が停止され、
前記制御装置(300)は、前記電圧検出部(180,185)とは異なる信号出力部(112,210)からの情報に基づいて前記遮断装置(CID)の作動の有無を検出する、車両。 - 前記信号出力部は、前記蓄電装置(110)に入出力される実電流を検出するための電流検出部(112)を含み、
前記制御装置(300)は、予め定められた期間の間における、前記電流検出部(112)により検出された前記実電流についてのサンプリング周期ごとの変化量の大きさを積算した変化長、および、ユーザ操作に基づく要求電力から定まる前記蓄電装置(110)から入出力すべき指令電流についてのサンプリング周期ごとの変化量の大きさを積算した変化長を演算するとともに、前記実電流の変化長および前記指令電流の変化長に基づいて、前記遮断装置(CID)の作動の有無を判定する、請求項9に記載の車両。 - 前記信号出力部は、前記負荷装置(190)と並列に前記蓄電装置(110)へ接続される補機装置(200)を含み、
前記補機装置(200)は、前記蓄電装置(110)からの電力を降圧するとともに、駆動が要求されている状態において入力電圧が低下したことを示す電圧低下信号を出力することが可能な電圧変換装置(210)を有し、
前記制御装置(300)は、前記電圧変換装置(210)からの前記電圧低下信号に基づいて、前記遮断装置(CID)の作動の有無を検出する、請求項9または10に記載の車両。 - 負荷装置(190)に駆動電力を供給するための蓄電装置(110)を含む電源システムの制御方法であって、
前記蓄電装置(110)は、前記蓄電装置(110)の内圧が規定値を超えた場合に作動して、前記蓄電装置(110)の通電経路を遮断するように構成された遮断装置(CID)を含み、
前記負荷装置(190)は、前記負荷装置(190)に印加される電圧を検出するための電圧検出部(180,185)を含み、
前記制御方法は、
前記電圧検出部(180,185)が故障したことを検出するステップと、
前記電圧検出部(180,185)が故障したことに応答して、前記負荷装置(190)から前記蓄電装置(110)への電力の供給を停止するステップと、
前記電圧検出部(180,185)とは異なる信号出力部(112,210)からの情報に基づいて前記遮断装置(CID)の作動の有無を検出するステップとを備える、電源システムの制御方法。 - 前記信号出力部は、前記蓄電装置(110)に入出力される実電流を検出するための電流検出部(112)を含み、
前記遮断装置(CID)の作動の有無を検出するステップは、
予め定められた期間の間における、前記電流検出部(112)により検出された前記実電流についてのサンプリング周期ごとの変化量の大きさを積算した変化長を演算するステップと、
前記予め定められた期間の間における、ユーザ操作に基づく要求電力から定まる前記蓄電装置(110)から入出力すべき指令電流についてのサンプリング周期ごとの変化量の大きさを積算した変化長を演算するステップと、
前記実電流の変化長および前記指令電流の変化長に基づいて前記遮断装置(CID)の作動の有無を判定するステップとを含む、請求項12に記載の電源システムの制御方法。 - 前記信号出力部は、前記負荷装置(190)と並列に前記蓄電装置(110)へ接続される補機装置(200)を含み、
前記補機装置(200)は、前記蓄電装置(110)からの電力を降圧するとともに、駆動が要求されている状態において入力電圧が低下したことを示す電圧低下信号を出力することが可能な電圧変換装置(210)を含み、
前記遮断装置(CID)の作動の有無を検出するステップは、
前記電圧変換装置(210)からの前記電圧低下信号に基づいて前記遮断装置(CID)の作動の有無を検出するステップを含む、請求項12または13に記載の電源システムの制御方法。
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