WO2012129835A1 - 钩尾框及车钩缓冲装置 - Google Patents

钩尾框及车钩缓冲装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012129835A1
WO2012129835A1 PCT/CN2011/074764 CN2011074764W WO2012129835A1 WO 2012129835 A1 WO2012129835 A1 WO 2012129835A1 CN 2011074764 W CN2011074764 W CN 2011074764W WO 2012129835 A1 WO2012129835 A1 WO 2012129835A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
region
bearing surface
hook frame
groove
frame according
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2011/074764
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
姜岩
崔英俊
丛盛国
孟庆民
Original Assignee
齐齐哈尔轨道交通装备有限责任公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 齐齐哈尔轨道交通装备有限责任公司 filed Critical 齐齐哈尔轨道交通装备有限责任公司
Priority to BR112012022876-5A priority Critical patent/BR112012022876B1/pt
Priority to EA201391448A priority patent/EA025813B1/ru
Priority to AU2011359051A priority patent/AU2011359051B2/en
Priority to CA2785967A priority patent/CA2785967C/en
Priority to US13/570,117 priority patent/US8684199B2/en
Publication of WO2012129835A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012129835A1/zh

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61G—COUPLINGS; DRAUGHT AND BUFFING APPLIANCES
    • B61G9/00—Draw-gear
    • B61G9/04—Draw-gear combined with buffing appliances
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61G—COUPLINGS; DRAUGHT AND BUFFING APPLIANCES
    • B61G1/00—Couplings comprising interengaging parts of different shape or form and having links, bars, pins, shackles, or hooks as coupling means
    • B61G1/40—Couplings comprising interengaging parts of different shape or form and having links, bars, pins, shackles, or hooks as coupling means with coupling bars having an enlarged or recessed end which slips into the opposite coupling part and is gripped thereby, e.g. arrow-head type; with coupling parts having a tong-like gripping action

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a vehicle connecting device, and more particularly to a hook frame and a coupler cushioning device for a railway vehicle connecting a coupler. Background technique
  • the coupler buffer device for railway vehicles is divided into a fixed coupler buffer device and a rotating coupler buffer device.
  • the hook frame is an important component of the coupler buffer device.
  • the railway vehicle is connected by the coupler, and the coupler passes through the hook pin and the hook frame. Connected to ensure the connection between trains and vehicles, to form train transport and to transmit traction.
  • There are usually two kinds of hook frames for connecting the hooks one is a fixed forged hook frame, and the other is a rotary forged hook frame.
  • the hook frame used in the fixed coupler cushioning device is a fixed hook frame. As shown in FIG. 1, the coupler 11 and the bumper 15 disposed in the fixed hook frame 14 are connected by the slave plate 13, the coupler 11 and the fixed hook tail.
  • the frame 14 is connected by the hook tail shaft 12, and the inner end surface of the fixed hook frame 14 contacting the bottom surface of the buffer 15 is a bearing surface; the hook frame used by the rotating coupler buffer device is a rotating hook frame, as shown in the figure.
  • the coupler 21 and the damper 25 disposed in the rotating hook frame 24 are connected from the plate 23, and the coupler 21 and the rotating stern frame 24 are connected by piercing the hook tail shaft 22, and the hook frame 24 is rotated.
  • the inner end surface which is in contact with the bottom surface of the buffer 25 is a bearing surface; the hook frame is mainly subjected to the traction load during use, and the bearing surface 10 is a flat surface, whether it is the fixed hook frame 14 or the rotating hook frame 24, as shown in the figure.
  • the local strength of this structure is weak.
  • the cracks and fracture accidents of the hook frame of the railway vehicle increase significantly, which seriously affects the transportation efficiency and driving safety. . Summary of the invention
  • the invention provides a hook frame for solving the defects in the prior art, and effectively improving the structural strength, safety and reliability of the hook frame.
  • An embodiment of the present invention provides a hook frame comprising a hollow frame having a long cross-shaped cross section, wherein an inner side of one end of the hollow frame is a load bearing surface for carrying a load, and the bearing surface includes a heavy load area. And a light load area, wherein the heavy load area is capable of withstanding a load intensity of the hook frame, wherein the light load area includes an intermediate area and an edge area of the bearing surface, the weight The loading area is located between the intermediate area and the edge area of the bearing surface, and at least a portion of the heavy carrying area protrudes outwardly with respect to the end surface of the light carrying area.
  • An embodiment of the present invention provides a coupler cushioning device, including a coupler, a hook frame, and a buffer disposed in the hook frame, and a slave plate is disposed between the coupler and the buffer.
  • a hook tail shaft is disposed between the coupler and the hook frame, and the hook frame comprises a hollow frame having a long recedular cross section, and an inner side of one end of the hollow frame is a load for carrying the load.
  • the load bearing surface includes a heavy load area and a light load area, and the heavy load area can make the load strength of the hook frame larger than the light load area, wherein the light load area includes the carrying surface
  • the intermediate region and the edge region are located between the intermediate portion and the edge region of the bearing surface, and at least a portion of the heavy load region protrudes outwardly with respect to the end surface of the light load region.
  • the hook frame and the coupler buffer device provided by the invention have the heavy load zone and the light load zone, and the heavy load zone can bear the load with high strength, and the load intensity of the light load zone is relatively small. In other words, it is the position of the force in the heavy-duty area that is more reasonable than the stress distribution in the light-loaded area, and the stress on the bearing surface and other key areas is smaller, so that, during use, if applied to the entire load If the load of the surface is evenly distributed without distinction, if the load is greater than the bearing limit of the light load zone, the other key areas of the zone or the hook frame will first be deformed or even cracked, resulting in damage to the entire bearing surface or other critical areas.
  • the specific shape and distribution of the heavy-duty area and the light-load area here depend on the shape and structure of the bearing surface itself, by dividing the load-bearing area into a heavy-load area and a light-load area, and making the end surface of the heavy-load area relatively light-loaded. Therefore, when the bearing surface is impacted by the bottom surface of the damper, the heavy load area is subjected to a large impact load due to the convexity of the end surface, and the light load area is affected by the depression.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a fixed coupler buffer device in the prior art
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a rotating coupler buffer device in the prior art
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic front view showing the structure of a hook frame in the prior art
  • Figure 4 is a top plan view of Figure 3;
  • Figure 5 is a schematic structural view of an embodiment of a coupler cushioning device of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic front view showing the first embodiment of the hook frame of the present invention.
  • Figure 7 is a schematic plan view of Figure 6;
  • Figure 8 is a cross-sectional structural view along line A-A of Figure 6;
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic front view showing the second embodiment of the hook frame of the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 is a partial front view showing the structure of a third embodiment of the hook frame of the present invention.
  • Figure 11 is a cross-sectional structural view taken along line B-B of Figure 10;
  • FIG. 12 is a partial front view showing the structure of a fourth embodiment of the hook frame of the present invention.
  • Figure 13 is a cross-sectional structural view taken along line C-C of Figure 12;
  • Figure 14 is a partial front elevational view showing the fifth embodiment of the hook frame of the present invention.
  • Figure 15 is a partial front elevational view showing the sixth embodiment of the hook frame of the present invention.
  • Figure 16 is a cross-sectional structural view taken along line D-D of Figure 15.
  • Buffer 25 bearing surface 10; coupler 31;
  • Buffer 35 hollow frame 1; bearing surface 2;
  • Carrier plate 80 outer end surface of carrier plate
  • the coupler cushioning device of the present invention specifically includes a coupler 31, a hook frame 34, and a buffer 35 disposed in the hook frame 34.
  • a slave plate is disposed between the coupler 31 and the bumper 35.
  • a hook tail shaft 32 is disposed between the coupler 31 and the hook frame 34.
  • the specific embodiment of the hook frame 34 is as shown in FIG. 6-8, and includes a hollow frame 1 having a long cross-shaped cross section, and a hollow frame body.
  • the inner side surface of one end is a bearing surface 2, and the upper side surface and the lower side surface of the hollow frame body opposite to the other end surface of the bearing surface 2 are correspondingly provided with a shaft hole 3 for piercing a hook tail shaft connecting the hook tail frame and the coupler, and carrying Surface includes heavy load areas and
  • the specific shape and distribution of the light load zone, the heavy load zone and the light load zone depend on the shape and structure of the load bearing surface itself, and the load intensity of the heavy load zone relative to the light load zone is large, and the light load zone includes the bearing surface.
  • the heavy load area is located between the middle area and the edge area of the bearing surface, at least a part of the heavy load area is convex outward with respect to the end surface of the light load area;
  • the middle area includes a horizontal strip area and / or a longitudinal strip-shaped area, the horizontal strip-shaped area is distributed along the center line of the width of the bearing surface to the two sides thereof, the longitudinal strip-shaped area is distributed along the center line of the length of the bearing surface to the two sides thereof, and the middle area further includes a closed a closed area, the closed area is distributed around the intersection of the width center line of the bearing surface and the length center line;
  • the edge area includes an upper edge area, a lower edge area and/or a left edge area of the bearing surface , right edge area.
  • the bearing surface is a one-piece structure, and the light load area has a "three" shape, including an upper edge region, a lower edge region and a horizontal strip region of the bearing surface, and the horizontal strip region is located between the upper edge region and the lower edge region;
  • the direction is uniform and the bearing surface 2 is divided into an upper portion 01, a lower portion 02, and an upper end of the upper portion 01 of the bearing surface 2 (this portion is a stress concentration area due to the intersection with the upper side surface of the hook frame, and the bending deformation is weak, belonging to light load Zone, corresponding to the upper edge region of the bearing surface 2) and the lower end of the lower portion 02 of the bearing surface 2 (for the stress concentration zone, the bending deformation is weak, belonging to the light load zone,
  • the inner wall surfaces of the intermediate groove 20, the upper groove 30 and the lower groove 40 are all on the carrier surface 2, so that the portion does not contact the bottom surface of the damper during use, thereby avoiding the middle and upper portions of the bearing surface 2
  • the lower edge area is subjected to bending deformation or cracking and fracture due to large force, which changes the pattern of the bearing surface 2, thereby changing the force distribution, and avoiding the damage of the hook frame due to the weak local strength of the bearing surface 2.
  • the shape of the intermediate groove 20, the upper groove 30 and the lower groove 40 may be U-shaped, V-shaped, semi-circular, curved, trapezoidal or other irregular shape, etc., and is not limited thereto.
  • the light load zone has a "day" shape, and further includes a left edge zone and a right edge zone at the upper and lower portions of the bearing surface, the left edge zone and the right edge of the bearing surface
  • the area is respectively provided with a slope 50; specifically, the upper part 01 of the bearing surface 2 and the two sides of the lower part 02 of the bearing surface 2 (the edge area, belonging to the light load area, the left edge area and the right edge area corresponding to the bearing surface) are respectively set
  • a slope 50 which is inclined inwardly with respect to the bearing surface 2, that is, the slope 50 is recessed with respect to the bearing surface; the slope 50 is disposed such that the upper portion 01 and the lower portion 02 of the bearing surface are separated from the bottom surface of the buffer Contact, in this way, avoiding the cracks and breaks due to the high force during the use of the two sides at the edge position due to the lower strength; the upper portion 01 of the bearing surface 2 and the inclined faces 50 on both sides thereof are disposed in the upper groove
  • the bearing surface surrounded by the upper annular concave band and the lower annular concave band protrudes outwardly from the end surface of the light load region; the upper and lower annular concave band regions respectively surround the upper portion and the lower portion of the bearing surface in the middle, the upper annular concave
  • the four corners of the belt and the lower annular recessed area are stress concentration areas, and the remaining part is a weak area of strength.
  • the force state of the two annular recessed area portions affects the overall structure of the hook tail frame, and is a key part, and the present invention
  • the structure of the inner wall of the part is lower than the bearing surface, so that the two annular recessed areas are out of contact with the bottom surface of the buffer during use, and the force is relatively small, so that most of the load force acts on
  • the light load zone has a "field" shape
  • the base line of the "day” shape further includes a vertical strip-shaped area
  • the vertical strip-shaped area is also provided with a concave shape.
  • the groove 20, the intermediate groove 20 penetrates the upper annular concave band and the lower annular concave band up and down, and divides the upper annular concave band into an upper left annular concave band and an upper right annular concave band, and the lower annular concave band is divided into a lower left annular concave band and a lower right ring.
  • the concave-concave belt; the bearing surface 011 surrounded by the upper left annular concave band, the bearing surface 012 surrounded by the upper right annular concave band, the bearing surface 021 surrounded by the lower left annular concave band and the bearing surface 022 surrounded by the lower right annular concave band are relatively light
  • the end face of the carrier area protrudes outward to form a heavy load zone.
  • a lateral groove conforming to the direction of the intermediate groove 20 may be disposed in the light load region of the upper portion 01 and the lower portion 02, and the intermediate groove 20 may be disposed in the light load region of the upper portion 01 and the lower portion 02.
  • a longitudinal groove having a vertical direction, or a 1HJ pit may be disposed in the light load region of the upper portion 01 and the lower portion 02, so that the end faces of the light load region on the upper portion and the lower portion of the bearing surface are recessed relative to the bearing portions of the remaining portions.
  • the inner wall surfaces of the upper groove 30, the lower groove 40 and the intermediate groove 20 are all curved surfaces, and the curved surface includes regular geometric curved surfaces such as circular arc surfaces and elliptical curved surfaces or other irregular curved surfaces.
  • the upper groove 30 has an arc radius equal to the inner wall surface of the lower groove 40 and is smaller than the arc radius of the inner wall surface of the intermediate groove 20. In order to improve the overall tensile strength and compressive strength of the tail of the hook frame, the stability and reliability of the structure are enhanced.
  • the upper groove 30 is equal in height to the lower groove 40 and larger than the height of the intermediate groove 20 or the upper groove 30 is equal to the width of the lower groove 40 and smaller than the width of the intermediate groove 20.
  • the shape and size of the bearing surface are set.
  • the raw materials of the same material and quality are used to maximize the overall structural strength of the hook frame, and the material strength is increased by increasing the wall thickness of the hook frame. . At the same time, it has a high fatigue life and is suitable for the development of railway heavy-duty transportation.
  • the structure of the hook frame of the invention is not only suitable for the forging process to manufacture the hook frame, but also for the casting process to manufacture the hook frame; it can adapt to the increasing speed of the railway truck running speed and the tonnage of the traction, and reduce the crack in the use of the hook frame.
  • the occurrence of a fracture accident, reducing the workload, maintenance workload and cost; does not change the operation mode and function principle of the existing coupler buffer device, and can be interchanged with the existing railway vehicle hook frame.
  • the bearing surface is a combined structure, and the bearing surface 10 of the hollow frame 1 is 10
  • An upper groove 30 and a lower groove 40 are disposed on the light load zone, and the heavy load zone is annular, and the heavy load zone bearing surface between the upper groove 30 and the lower groove 40 is fixedly disposed (specifically, welding, Riveting, bonding or bolting, etc.) has a carrier plate 60.
  • the carrier plate 60 is annular, shown as a square ring, and of course may be annular, elliptical, rectangular, circular or other.
  • the geometric shape is not limited thereto, and is preferably a circumferentially symmetrical shape.
  • the hollow portion of the carrier plate 60 corresponds to a central region (light load region) of the bearing surface, and the edge and the upper groove 30, the lower groove 40, and both sides of the bearing surface
  • two bearing plates 70 are disposed on the bearing surface 10 of the hollow frame 1.
  • the two supporting plates 70 are respectively disposed on the two sides of the horizontal strip-shaped region of the bearing surface 10, that is, the upper side and the lower side.
  • the light load zone of the structure comprises an upper edge zone, a lower edge zone, a left edge zone, an edge zone and a horizontal strip zone, and the light load zone has a "day" shape, and the bearing surface is divided into an upper half and a lower half.
  • the heavy load zone is located in the upper half and the lower half, and the carrier plates are respectively disposed on the heavy load zones of the upper half and the lower half.
  • the carrier plates are arranged in parallel and symmetrically along the strip-like regions. Stress balanced.
  • the outer end faces 71 of the two carrier plates project outwardly relative to the bearing surface 10 and are subjected to heavy loads during contact with the bottom surface of the bumper during use.
  • the bearing surface 10 of the hollow frame 1 is provided with two carrier plates 70, and the two carrier plates 70 are respectively disposed on both sides of the horizontal strip-shaped region of the bearing surface 10, that is, left and right.
  • the light load zone includes an upper edge zone, a lower edge zone and a vertical strip zone, and the light load zone has a "work" shape, and the bearing surface is divided into a left half and a right half.
  • the heavy load zone is located in the left and right halves, and the carrier plates 70 are respectively disposed on the heavy load zones of the left and right halves.
  • the carrier plates are arranged in parallel and symmetrically along the longitudinal strip-like regions. Stress balanced. The left upper side and the lower right side or other symmetrical positions along the central area of the carrying surface; the two carrying plates 70 are parallel and symmetrically disposed along the central area of the carrying surface.
  • the light load zone includes an upper edge zone, a lower edge zone, a left edge zone, a right edge zone, a horizontal strip zone and a vertical strip zone, and the light load zone is in the shape of a "field", which will carry
  • the surface is divided into an upper left half portion, a lower right half portion, a lower left half portion and a lower right half portion, and the heavy load region is located at the upper left half portion, the upper right half portion, the lower left half portion and the lower right half portion, and the bearing surface 10 of the hollow frame 1 is provided
  • the four carrier plates 80 and the carrier plates 80 are arranged in a "field” shape, and are respectively disposed on the heavy load areas of the upper left half, the upper right half, the lower left half, and the lower right half.
  • the carrier plates are parallel and symmetrical along the strip-like regions and the longitudinal strip-like regions. Since the outer end surface 81 of the carrier plate projects outwardly relative to the bearing surface 10, it is subjected to heavy loads in contact with the bottom surface of the damper during use.
  • Embodiments 2, 3, and 4 are all provided with a carrier plate on the bearing surface 10, and a convex surface is formed on the outer end surface of the carrier plate for receiving a heavy load to change a force receiving portion of the bearing surface; Providing a groove or a recess, forming a concave surface on the inner side surface of the groove or the recess for receiving a light load, forming a convex surface on the bearing surface other than the inner side surface of the 1HJ groove or the 1HJ recess for receiving a heavy load, the above bearing
  • the specific shape of the plate and the recess or groove (which may be a regular shape such as a circle, an ellipse, a rectangle, a triangle, a polygon, or the like) and the number are not limited to the above embodiment, and the combined arrangement of the carrier plates and the concave
  • the combined arrangement of the grooves or depressions is also not limited to the above embodiment.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Rolling Contact Bearings (AREA)
  • Vibration Dampers (AREA)
  • Shafts, Cranks, Connecting Bars, And Related Bearings (AREA)
  • Package Frames And Binding Bands (AREA)
  • Motorcycle And Bicycle Frame (AREA)
  • Fluid-Damping Devices (AREA)

Description

钩尾框及车钩緩冲装置 技术领域
本发明涉及一种车辆连接装置， 尤其是一种用于铁道车辆连接车钩的 钩尾框及车钩緩冲装置。 背景技术
目前铁道车辆用车钩緩冲装置分为固定车钩緩冲装置和转动车钩緩冲 装置， 钩尾框是车钩緩冲装置的重要部件， 铁道车辆通过车钩连接起来， 车钩通过钩尾销与钩尾框连接， 从而保证列车车辆之间连接， 组成列车运 输并传递牵引力。 连接车钩的钩尾框通常有两种， 一种是固定锻造钩尾框， 另一种是转动锻造钩尾框。 固定车钩緩冲装置采用的钩尾框为固定钩尾框， 如图 1所示， 车钩 11与设置在固定钩尾框 14内的緩冲器 15通过从板 13 连接， 车钩 11与固定钩尾框 14之间通过穿设钩尾轴 12连接， 固定钩尾框 14与緩冲器 15底面接触的内端面为承载面；转动车钩緩冲装置采用的钩尾 框为转动钩尾框， 如图 2所示， 车钩 21与设置在转动钩尾框 24内的緩冲 器 25通过从板 23连接， 车钩 21与转动钩尾框 24之间通过穿设钩尾轴 22 连接， 转动钩尾框 24与緩冲器 25底面接触的内端面为承载面； 钩尾框在 使用中主要承受牵引载荷，无论是固定钩尾框 14还是转动钩尾框 24 ,其承 载面 10均为一个平面， 如图 3、 4所示， 此种结构局部强度薄弱， 这样随 着铁道车辆运行速度、 牵引吨位的不断增加， 铁道车辆用钩尾框发生的裂 纹、 断裂事故明显增多， 严重影响了运输效率与行车安全。 发明内容
本发明提供一种钩尾框， 用以解决现有技术中的缺陷， 有效提高钩尾 框的结构强度和安全性及可靠性。 本发明实施例提供一种钩尾框， 包括横截面呈长回字形的空心框体， 所述空心框体其中一端的内侧面为用于承受载荷的承载面， 所述承载面包 括重载区和轻载区， 所述重载区相对所述轻载区能使钩尾框承受的载荷强 度较大， 其中， 所述轻载区包括所述承载面的中间区域和边缘区域， 所述 重载区位于所述承载面的中间区域与边缘区域之间， 至少有一部分所述重 载区相对所述轻载区端面向外凸出。
本发明实施例提供一种车钩緩冲装置， 包括车钩、 钩尾框和设置在所述 钩尾框内的緩冲器， 所述车钩与所述緩冲器之间设置有从板， 所述车钩与 所述钩尾框之间穿设有钩尾轴 , 所述钩尾框包括横截面呈长回字形的空心 框体， 所述空心框体其中一端的内侧面为用于承受载荷的承载面， 所述承 载面包括重载区和轻载区， 所述重载区相对所述轻载区能使钩尾框承受的 载荷强度较大， 其中， 所述轻载区包括所 载面的中间区域和边缘区域， 所述重载区位于所述承载面的中间区域与边缘区域之间， 至少有一部分所 述重载区相对所述轻载区端面向外凸出。
本发明提供的钩尾框及车钩緩冲装置， 由于对承载面划分了重载区和 轻载区， 重载区能够承受强度较大的载荷， 轻载区承受的载荷强度相对较 小， 换句话说， 就是力的作用位置位于重载区要比位于轻载区钩尾框的应 力分布更合理， 承载面及其他关键区域的应力更小， 这样， 在使用过程中， 如果施加在整个承载面的载荷均布而不加以区分的话， 若载荷大于轻载区 的承受极限，该区或者钩尾框的其他关键区域就会首先产生变形甚至裂纹， 从而导致整个承载面或其他关键区域的损坏； 这里的重载区和轻载区的具 体形状和分布取决于承载面本身的形状和结构， 通过对承载面划分重载区 和轻载区， 并使重载区的端面相对轻载区向外凸出， 这样， 承载面在受到 緩冲器底面的冲击时， 重载区由于端面凸出而受到较大的冲击载荷， 轻载 区由于凹陷而受到较小的冲击载荷， 此种结构改变了现有的承载面格局和 形状， 使其抗弯变形薄弱的中部及应力集中的边缘区脱离与緩冲器底面接 触降低所受载荷力， 通过改变受力分布提高尾部框板薄弱部位的强度， 降 低钩尾框在使用中裂纹、 断裂事故的发生， 保证列车连接可靠和运用安全， 同时保证本发明钩尾框与既有钩尾框的互换性。 附图说明
图 1为现有技术中固定车钩緩冲装置的结构示意图；
图 2为现有技术中转动车钩緩冲装置的结构示意图；
图 3为现有技术中钩尾框的主视结构示意图；
图 4为图 3的俯视结构示意图；
图 5为本发明的车钩緩冲装置实施例的结构示意图；
图 6为本发明的钩尾框实施例一的主视结构示意图；
图 7为图 6的俯视结构示意图；
图 8为图 6中沿 A-A的剖视结构示意图；
图 9本发明的钩尾框实施例二的主视结构示意图；
图 10为本发明的钩尾框实施例三的局部主视结构示意图；
图 11为图 10中沿 B-B的剖视结构示意图；
图 12为本发明的钩尾框实施例四的局部主视结构示意图；
图 13为图 12中沿 C-C的剖视结构示意图；
图 14为本发明的钩尾框实施例五的局部主视结构示意图；
图 15为本发明的钩尾框实施例六的局部主视结构示意图；
图 16为图 15中沿 D-D的剖视结构示意图。
附图标记：
Figure imgf000005_0001
緩冲器 25; 承载面 10; 车钩 31 ;
钩尾轴 32; 从板 33; 钩尾框 34;
緩冲器 35; 空心框体 1； 承载面 2;
轴孔 3; 中间凹槽 20; 上凹槽 30;
下凹槽 40; 上部分 01 ; 下部分 02;
斜面 50; 承载板 60; 承载面 011 ;
承载面 012; 承载面 021 ; 承载面 022;
承载板外端面 承载板 70; 承载板外端面 71 ;
61；
承载板 80; 承载板外端面
81。 具体实施方式
为使本发明实施例的目的、 技术方案和优点更加清楚， 下面将结合本 发明实施例中的附图， 对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、 完整地描 述， 显然， 所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例， 而不是全部的实施例。 基于本发明中的实施例， 本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提 下所获得的所有其他实施例， 都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例一
如图 5 所示， 本发明的车钩緩冲装置的具体包括车钩 31、 钩尾框 34 和设置在钩尾框 34 内的緩冲器 35 , 车钩 31与緩冲器 35之间设置有从板 33,车钩 31与钩尾框 34之间穿设有钩尾轴 32 ,钩尾框 34的具体实施例如 图 6-8所示， 包括横截面呈长回字形的空心框体 1 , 空心框体其中一端内侧 面为承载面 2 ,与承载面 2相对的另一端的空心框体的上侧面、下侧面上对 应设有轴孔 3用于穿设连接钩尾框及车钩的钩尾轴， 承载面包括重载区和 轻载区， 重载区和轻载区的具体形状和分布取决于承载面本身的形状和结 构， 重载区相对轻载区能承受的载荷强度较大， 轻载区包括所述承载面的 中间区域和边缘区域， 重载区位于承载面的中间区域与边缘区域之间， 至 少有一部分所述重载区相对所述轻载区端面向外凸出； 中间区域包括一个 横条状区域和 /或一个纵条状区域，横条状区域沿所述承载面的宽度中心线 向其两侧分布， 纵条状区域沿承载面的长度中心线向其两侧分布， 中间区 域还包括一个封闭形区域， 封闭形区域以承载面的宽度中心线与长度中心 线的交叉点为中心向其四周分布； 边缘区域包括所述承载面的上边缘区、 下边缘区和 /或承载面左边缘区、 右边缘区。
承载面为一体式结构， 轻载区呈 "三" 字形， 包括承载面的上边缘区、 下边缘区和横条状区域， 该横条状区域位于上边缘区、 下边缘区之间； 轻 载区内设置有三条凹槽； 具体在承载面 2的中部 （属于轻载区， 对应中间 区域中横条状区域）设置有中间凹槽 20; 中间凹槽 20的长度与空心框体的 长度方向一致并将承载面 2分成上部分 01、 下部分 02 , 承载面 2的上部分 01上端（该处由于与钩尾框的上侧面交叉， 为应力集中区， 抗弯变形薄弱， 属于轻载区， 对应承载面 2上边缘区）和承载面 2的下部分 02下端（为应 力集中区， 抗弯变形薄弱， 属于轻载区， 对应承载面的下边缘区， 该处由 于与钩尾框的下侧面交叉）分别设置有上凹槽 30和下凹槽 40。承载面的上 部分 01和下部分 02相对轻载区端面向外凸出； 形成重载区。
中间凹槽 20、 上凹槽 30和下凹槽 40的内壁面均^ ^于 载面 2 , 因此 在使用过程中， 该部分与緩冲器底面不接触， 从而避免了承载面 2 中部及 上、 下边缘区由于受力较大导致弯曲变形或产生裂纹、 断裂等现象的发生， 改变了承载面 2的格局， 从而改变了受力分布， 避免了因承载面 2局部强 度薄弱影响钩尾框使用寿命的状况。 该中间凹槽 20、 上凹槽 30和下凹槽 40的形状可以为 U形、 V形、 半圓形、 弧形、 梯形或其他不规则形状等， 在此不限。 作为本发明的钩尾框的优选实施例， 轻载区呈 "日" 字形， 还包括位 于承载面的上部分和下部分的左边缘区及右边缘区， 承载面的左边缘区和 右边缘区分别设置有斜面 50;具体在承载面 2的上部分 01和承载面 2的下 部分 02的两侧（边缘区域， 属于轻载区， 对应承载面的左边缘区和右边缘 区）分别设置有斜面 50, 该斜面 50相对承载面 2向内倾斜， 即该斜面 50 相对于承载面向内凹陷； 斜面 50的设置使得承载面的上部分 01及下部分 02两侧部分与緩冲器底面脱离接触， 这样， 避免了处于边缘位置的两侧部 分由于强度较低在使用过程中因受力较大产生裂纹及断裂； 承载面 2的上 部分 01及其两侧的斜面 50设置在上凹槽 30与中间凹槽 20之间，承载面 2 的下部分 02及其两侧的斜面 50设置在中间凹槽 20与下凹槽 40之间； 上
上环形凹带和下环形凹带所包围的承载面相对轻载区端面向外凸出； 上、 下两个环形凹带区域分别将承载面的上部分和下部分围绕在中间， 上环形 凹带、 下环形凹带区域的四角处为应力集中区， 其余部分为强度薄弱区域， 因此该两个环形凹带区域部分的受力状态会影响钩尾框的整体结构， 是关 键部位， 本发明的此种结构将此部分内壁面设置呈均低于承载面， 这样在 使用过程中两环形凹带区域与緩冲器底面均脱离接触， 受力相对较小， 从 而使大部分载荷力作用在强度较高的上部分和下部分上， 改变承载面的受 力分布， 通过减小强度较低区域部分的受力从而提高钩尾框的整体强度及 安全性和可靠性。
实施例二
作为上述实施例一的变形， 如图 9所示， 轻载区呈 "田" 字形， 在上 述 "日" 字形的基石出上还包括纵条状区域， 纵条状区域内也设置有中间凹 槽 20, 中间凹槽 20上下贯穿上环形凹带和下环形凹带，将上环形凹带分成 左上环形凹带和右上环形凹带， 将下环形凹带分成左下环形凹带和右下环 形凹带；左上环形凹带所包围的承载面 011、右上环形凹带所包围的承载面 012、 左下环形凹带所包围的承载面 021 和右下环形凹带所包围的承载面 022相对轻载区端面向外凸出， 形成重载区。
还可在上部分 01及下部分 02的轻载区内设置与中间凹槽 20方向一致 的横向凹槽， 也可在在上部分 01及下部分 02的轻载区内设置与中间凹槽 20方向垂直的纵向凹槽， 或还可以在上部分 01及下部分 02的轻载区内设 置 1HJ坑， 使承载面的上部分及下部分上的轻载区端面相对其余部分的承载 面向内凹陷， 在使用过程以使该上部分 01及下部分 02上的轻载区避免与 緩冲器底面接触， 降低所受载荷力。
本实施例中，上凹槽 30、下凹槽 40及中间凹槽 20的内壁面均为弧面， 该弧面包括圓弧面、 椭圓弧面等规则几何弧面或其他不规则弧面。 上凹槽 30与下凹槽 40的内壁面的弧度半径相当且小于中间凹槽 20内壁面的弧度 半径。 以提高钩尾框尾部的整体抗拉强度和抗压强度， 增强结构的稳定性 和可靠性。
上凹槽 30与下凹槽 40的高度相当且大于中间凹槽 20的高度或上凹槽 30与下凹槽 40的宽度相当且小于中间凹槽 20的宽度。 根据使用过程中的 载荷分布设置承载面的形状和大小， 相同材质及质量的原材料以将钩尾框 的整体结构强度提高到最大， 相对通过增加钩尾框的壁厚来提高其强度更 加节约物料。 同时具有较高的疲劳寿命， 适应铁路重载运输发展的需要。 本发明钩尾框的结构不仅适用于锻造工艺制造钩尾框， 也适用于铸造工艺 制造钩尾框； 可适应铁道货车运行速度、 牵引吨位的不断增加的需要， 减 少钩尾框使用中裂纹、 断裂事故的发生， 降低运用、 检修工作量和成本； 不改变既有车钩緩冲装置的操作方式和作用原理， 可与既有铁道车辆钩尾 框互换。
实施例三
如图 10、 图 11所示， 承载面为组合式结构， 空心框体 1的承载面 10 在轻载区上设有上凹槽 30和下凹槽 40, 重载区呈环状， 上凹槽 30与下凹 槽 40之间的重载区承载面上固定设置（具体可采用焊接、 铆接、 粘结或栓 接等连接方式）有一块承载板 60, 承载板 60呈环状， 图示为方形环状， 当 然还可为圓环状、 椭圓环状、 矩形、 圓形或其他几何形状在此不限， 最好 为周对称形状， 承载板 60的空心部分对应承载面的中央区域（轻载区） ， 边缘与上凹槽 30、下凹槽 40及承载面两侧边之间均设有间隙，承载板外端 面 61相对承载面向外凸出形成重载区，在使用过程中与设置在空心框体内 的緩冲器底部接触， 承载载荷的强度较大， 由于重载区位于承载面的中央 与边缘之间， 而这部分承受载荷的强度恰好相对承载面的中央及边缘部分 较高， 不易产生变形， 此种结构整体上增加了空心框体的强度。
实施例四
如图 12、 图 13所示， 空心框架 1的承载面 10上设有两块承载板 70, 两块承载板 70分别设置在承载面 10的横条状区域的两侧即为上侧和下侧， 此种结构轻载区包括上边缘区、 下边缘区、 左边缘区、 由边缘区和横条状 区域， 轻载区呈 "日" 字形， 将承载面分成上半部分和下半部分， 重载区 位于上半部分和下半部分， 承载板分别设置在上半部分和下半部分的重载 区上。 承载板平行且沿横条状区域对称设置。 受力平衡。 两块承载板外端 面 71相对承载面 10向外凸出， 在使用过程中与緩冲器底面接触承受重载 荷。
实施例五
作为实施例四的一种变形， 空心框架 1的承载面 10上设有两块承载板 70, 两块承载板 70分别设置在承载面 10的横条状区域的两侧即为左侧和 右侧， 如图 14所示， 此种结构， 轻载区包括上边缘区、 下边缘区和纵条状 区域， 轻载区呈 "工" 字形， 将承载面分成左半部分和右半部分， 重载区 位于所述左半部分和右半部分，承载板 70分别设置在左半部分和右半部分 的重载区上。 承载板平行且沿纵条状区域对称设置。 受力平衡。 左上侧和右下侧或其他沿承载面中央区域的对称位置； 两块承载板 70平行 且沿承载面的中心区域对称设置。
实施例六
如图 15、 图 16所示， 轻载区包括上边缘区、 下边缘区、 左边缘区、 右 边缘区和横条状区域及纵条状区域， 轻载区呈 "田" 字形， 将承载面分成 左上半部分、 右上半部分、 左下半部分和右下半部分， 重载区位于左上半 部分、 右上半部分、 左下半部分和右下半部分， 空心框架 1的承载面 10上 设有四块承载板 80 ,承载板 80呈 "田"字形布置，分别设置在左上半部分、 右上半部分、 左下半部分和右下半部分的重载区上。 承载板平行且沿横条 状区域及纵条状区域对称。 由于承载板外端面 81相对承载面 10向外凸出， 在使用过程中与緩冲器底面接触承受重载荷。
实施例二、 三、 四均通过在承载面 10上设置承载板， 以承载板的外端 面形成凸面用于承受较重载荷， 来改变承载面的受力部位； 实施例一是通 过在承载面上设置凹槽或凹陷， 以凹槽或凹陷的内侧面形成凹面用于承受 较轻的载荷， 以该 1HJ槽或 1HJ陷的内侧面以外的承载面形成凸面用于承受较 重载荷， 上述承载板及凹陷或凹槽的具体形状（可为圓形、 椭圓形、 矩形、 三角形、 多边形等规则形状或其他不规则形状）和数量不以上述实施例为 限， 承载板的组合布置和凹槽或凹陷的组合布置也不以上述实施例为限。
最后应说明的是： 以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案， 而非对 其限制； 尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明， 本领域的普通 技术人员应当理解： 其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修 改， 或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换； 而这些修改或者替换， 并不 使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明各实施例技术方案的精神和范围。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1、 一种钩尾框， 包括横截面呈长回字形的空心框体， 所述空心框体其 中一端的内侧面为用于承受载荷的承载面， 其特征在于， 所述承载面包括 重载区和轻载区， 所述重载区相对所述轻载区能承受的载荷强度较大， 其 中， 所述轻载区位于所述承载面的中间区域和边缘区域， 所述重载区位于 所述承载面的中间区域与边缘区域之间， 至少有一部分所述重载区相对所 述轻载区端面向外凸出。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的钩尾框， 其特征在于， 所述中间区域包括一 个横条状区域和 /或一个纵条状区域 ,所述横条状区域沿所述承载面的宽度 中心线向其两侧分布， 所述纵条状区域沿所述承载面的长度中心线向其两 侧分布； 所述边缘区域包括所述承载面的上边缘区、 下边缘区和 /或所述承 载面左边缘区、 右边缘区。
3、 根据权利要求 1所述的钩尾框， 其特征在于， 所述中间区域包括一 个封闭形区域， 所述封闭形区域以所述承载面的宽度中心线与长度中心线 的交叉点为中心向其四周分布。
4、 根据权利要求 1-3任一所述的钩尾框， 其特征在于， 所述承载面为 一体式结构或组合式结构。
5、 根据权利要求 4所述的钩尾框， 其特征在于， 所述承载面为一体式 结构， 所述轻载区呈 "三" 字形， 包括所述承载面的上边缘区、 下边缘区 和横条状区域， 其中该横条状区域位于所述上边缘区、 下边缘区之间； 所 述轻载区内设置有三条凹槽； 所述凹槽的长度均与所述空心框体的长度方 向一致并将所述 载面分成上、 下两部分， 该 载面的上部分和下部分形 成重载区， 相对所述轻载区端面向外凸出。
6、 根据权利要求 5所述的钩尾框， 其特征在于， 所述轻载区还包括位 于所述承载面的上部分和 /或下部分的局部区域， 所述区域内设置有凹陷， 该凹陷具体为凹槽、 凹坑或相对所述 7 载面向内倾斜的斜面。
7、 根据权利要求 5所述的钩尾框， 其特征在于， 所述轻载区呈 "日" 字形， 还包括位于所述承载面的上部分和下部分的左边缘区及右边缘区， 所述承载面的左边缘区和右边缘区分别设置有所述斜面； 其中设置在所述 上边缘区和横条状区域内的凹槽及设在该两凹槽之间的斜面首位连接形成 上环形凹带； 设置在所述下边缘区和横条状区域内的凹槽及设在该两凹槽 之间的斜面首尾连接形成下环形凹带； 所述上环形凹带和下环形凹带所包 围的承载面形成重载区， 相对所述轻载区端面向外凸出。
8、 根据权利要求 7所述的钩尾框， 其特征在于， 所述轻载区呈 "田" 字形， 还包括所述纵条状区域， 所述纵条状区域内也设置有凹槽， 所述凹 槽上下贯穿所述上环形凹带和下环形凹带， 将所述上环形凹带分成左上环 形凹带和右上环形凹带， 将所述下环形凹带分成左下环形凹带和右下环形 凹带； 所述左上环形凹带、 右上环形凹带、 左下环形凹带和右下环形凹带 所包围的承载面形成重载区， 相对所述轻载区端面向外凸出。
9、 根据权利要求 5-8任一所述的钩尾框， 其特征在于， 所述承载面的 上部分和下部分上分别设置有至少一个凹槽， 该凹槽与设在所述承载面上 边缘区、 下边缘区及横条状区域内的凹槽方向一致或与设在所述纵条状区 i或内的凹槽方向一致。
10、根据权矛 求 9所述的钩 匡， 球于，所述凹槽的内壁面均为弧面。
11、 根据权利要求 10所述的钩尾框， 其特征在于， 设在所述上边缘区 内的凹槽与设在所述下边缘区内的凹槽其内壁面的弧度半径相当且小于设 在所述横条状区域内凹槽内壁面的弧度半径。
12、 根据权利要求 11所述的钩尾框， 其特征在于， 设在所述上边缘区 内的凹槽与设在所述下边缘区内的凹槽宽度相当且小于设在所述横条状区 域内 1HJ槽的宽度。
13、 根据权利要求 4所述的钩尾框， 所述承载面为组合式结构， 所述 重载区呈环状， 所述重载区上设置有一块环状承载板。
14、 根据权利要求 1 3所述的钩尾框， 其特征在于， 所述环状承载板呈 圓环状或呈 "回" 字形。
15、 根据权利要求 4所述的钩尾框， 其特征在于， 所述轻载区包括上 边缘区、下边缘区、左边缘区、由边缘区和横条状区域，所述轻载区呈 "日" 字形， 将所述承载面分成上半部分和下半部分， 所述重载区位于所述上半 部分和下半部分，所述上半部分和下半部分的重载区上分别设置有承载板。
16、 根据权利要求 15所述的钩尾框， 其特征在于， 所述承载板平行且 沿所述横条状区域对称设置。
17、 根据权利要求 4所述的钩尾框， 其特征在于， 所述轻载区包括上 边缘区、 下边缘区和纵条状区域， 所述轻载区呈 "工" 字形， 将所述承载 面分成左半部分和右半部分， 所述重载区位于所述左半部分和右半部分， 所述左半部分和右半部分的重载区上分别设置有承载板。
18、 根据权利要求 17所述的钩尾框， 其特征在于， 所述承载板平行且 沿所述纵条状区域对称设置。
19、 根据权利要求 4所述的钩尾框， 其特征在于， 所述轻载区包括上 边缘区、 下边缘区、 左边缘区、 右边缘区和横条状区域及纵条状区域， 所 述轻载区呈 "田" 字形， 将所述承载面分成左上半部分、 右上半部分、 左 下半部分和右下半部分， 所述重载区位于所述左上半部分、 右上半部分、 左下半部分和右下半部分， 所述左上半部分、 右上半部分、 左下半部分和 右下半部分的重载区上分别设置有承载板。
20、 根据权利要求 19所述的钩尾框， 其特征在于， 所述承载板平行且 沿所述横条状区域及纵条状区域对称。
21、 一种车钩緩冲装置， 包括车钩、 钩尾框和设置在所述钩尾框内的 緩冲器， 所述车钩与所述緩冲器之间设置有从板， 所述车钩与所述钩尾框 之间穿设有钩尾轴， 其特征在于， 所述钩尾框为上述权利要求 1-20中任一 所述的钩尾框。
PCT/CN2011/074764 2011-04-01 2011-05-27 钩尾框及车钩缓冲装置 WO2012129835A1 (zh)

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RU208688U1 (ru) * 2021-08-25 2021-12-29 Акционерное общество «Научно-производственная корпорация «Уралвагонзавод» имени Ф.Э. Дзержинского» Хомут тяговый
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