WO2012122838A1 - 通用汽油机 - Google Patents

通用汽油机 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012122838A1
WO2012122838A1 PCT/CN2011/083901 CN2011083901W WO2012122838A1 WO 2012122838 A1 WO2012122838 A1 WO 2012122838A1 CN 2011083901 W CN2011083901 W CN 2011083901W WO 2012122838 A1 WO2012122838 A1 WO 2012122838A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
intake
exhaust
axis
valve
gasoline engine
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2011/083901
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
车毕波
Original Assignee
隆鑫通用动力股份有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 隆鑫通用动力股份有限公司 filed Critical 隆鑫通用动力股份有限公司
Priority to US13/391,973 priority Critical patent/US8733332B2/en
Publication of WO2012122838A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012122838A1/zh

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01P—COOLING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; COOLING OF INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01P1/00—Air cooling
    • F01P1/06—Arrangements for cooling other engine or machine parts
    • F01P1/08—Arrangements for cooling other engine or machine parts for cooling intake or exhaust valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F1/00—Cylinders; Cylinder heads 
    • F02F1/24—Cylinder heads
    • F02F1/26—Cylinder heads having cooling means
    • F02F1/28—Cylinder heads having cooling means for air cooling

Definitions

  • a general-purpose gasoline engine refers to a reciprocating piston type gasoline engine having a wide range of uses in addition to vehicles and aviation.
  • the general power is a small general-purpose gasoline engine within 20 kW, and has strong versatility, and is characterized by small size, small mass, and operation. Simple, cheap.
  • the general gasoline engine is used as one of the power sources to drive general machinery.
  • the general machinery includes agricultural and forestry plant protection machinery, garden machinery, generator sets, construction machinery and so on.
  • a general-purpose gasoline engine is a power machine that uses gasoline as a fuel.
  • the cylinder head is provided with an intake passage and an exhaust passage, and forms a combustion chamber surface together with the cylinder, thereby belonging to a gasoline engine More important parts.
  • Gasoline is burned in a combustion chamber as a mixture of fuel and air, generating a large amount of heat as driving energy.
  • the parameters of the combustion chamber are necessary to ensure the efficient operation of the gasoline engine.
  • the continuous operation of the combustion chamber requires the cooperation of the intake and exhaust systems. If the intake and exhaust resistance are large or the shutdown is not strict, the misalignment and the movement are not smooth. The problem will affect the normal operation of the gasoline engine.
  • the heat generated in the combustion chamber inevitably affects the mechanical properties of the cylinder head. Especially for the local area around the intake valve and the exhaust valve, if it cannot be dissipated in time, it will cause thermal deformation in the area, affecting the intake air. The sealing of the door and the exhaust valve affects the normal intake and exhaust, resulting in poor operation of the gasoline engine, reducing power and affecting emissions.
  • the heat dissipation measures of the cylinder head generally adopt a heat sink on the outer surface, and the heat in the combustion chamber is transmitted to the heat sink through the cylinder head, and the heat is taken away by the air convection to achieve the purpose of heat dissipation.
  • the heat sink cannot take away most of the heat in time.
  • Gasoline engine power and emissions The gas distribution system of the gasoline engine is also a necessary component to ensure the normal operation of the gasoline engine.
  • the opening and closing of the intake and exhaust valves are respectively controlled by the transmission components such as the rocker arm assembly; the intake and exhaust valves are respectively driven to drive The rocker arm assembly is opened and closed; the intake and exhaust valves are used to open and close the intake, combustion work and exhaust in the combustion chamber to maintain the normal operation of the gasoline engine.
  • the rocker arm and the valve are arranged in a rectangular shape, that is, the parallel and nearly parallel rocker arms, and the intake and exhaust passages are adapted to the valve, and a certain spacing needs to be staggered to affect the intake and exhaust quality.
  • the existing valve arrangement not only occupies a large space, but also cannot be combined with the intake passage and the exhaust passage.
  • the direction of the intake and exhaust is adapted to reduce the power of the gasoline engine and affect the discharge; especially for the structure of the inclined valve, it will further increase the occupied space and affect the arrangement of other components (such as carburetor/air filter). .
  • the present invention provides a general-purpose gasoline engine having a smaller face ratio combustion chamber structure with a good cooling effect. It can reduce the inlet and exhaust resistance, and the intake and exhaust valves have a good sealing effect. Conducive to the arrangement of other components, improve the operating efficiency of the gasoline engine, save fuel and reduce emissions.
  • the universal gasoline engine of the present invention comprises a cylinder block, a cylinder head body and an intake passage and an exhaust passage disposed on the cylinder head body.
  • the cylinder head body is provided with an intake valve corresponding to the intake passage, and is corresponding to the exhaust passage.
  • the exhaust valve the intake valve is correspondingly provided with an intake rocker arm and an intake push rod
  • the exhaust valve is correspondingly provided with an exhaust rocker arm and an exhaust push rod
  • the inner side of the cylinder head body forms a combustion chamber surface
  • the combustion chamber surface is a spherical structure or The curved surface structure formed by the smooth surface;
  • the combustion chamber surface is located between the intake valve and the exhaust valve to form a nose bridge region, and the cylinder head body is provided with a through air cooling passage outside the nose bridge region.
  • a line connecting the axis of the intake valve and the axis of the exhaust valve and a line connecting the axis of the intake push rod and the axis of the exhaust push rod intersect between the axis of the intake push rod and the axis of the exhaust push rod .
  • the top of the intake valve is inclined toward the intake passage side, and the top of the exhaust valve is inclined toward the exhaust passage side; the air-cooling passage is located between the intake valve and the exhaust valve.
  • the combustion chamber surface is an arch surface structure, which is composed of at least three smooth surfaces and a smooth transition from bottom to top, and the smooth surface is a paraboloid or a hyperboloid.
  • the combustion chamber can better eliminate the existing integrated spherical structure, which is not conducive to the sufficient mixing of the combustion gas, reduces the mixing rate, and affects the disadvantages of combustion and discharge, because the curved transition facilitates the mixing of the combustion gas, and the incoming airflow is subjected to different directions.
  • the resistance makes the fuel mixture better to form turbulent flow, and the combustion is more sufficient, effectively reducing the fuel consumption rate, facilitating combustion and reducing emissions, and increasing the power of the gasoline engine.
  • a rib-shaped heat dissipation bridge is integrally formed with the cylinder head body in the air-cooling passage, and the rib-shaped heat dissipation bridge is disposed longitudinally in the air-cooling passage and perpendicular to the mounting plane of the cylinder head body.
  • the heat dissipation bridge structure facilitates the strength of the cylinder head after opening the large cross-sectional air cooling passage, especially in the case of a large width, and improves the deformation resistance of the cylinder head; meanwhile, the heat dissipation bridge increases the heat radiation and the conduction area when dissipating heat. , further conducive to heat dissipation.
  • the axis of the intake valve and the axis of the exhaust valve are perpendicular to the intersection of the combustion chamber face and the intersection thereof, and the intake and exhaust valves are adapted to the direction of the intake and exhaust of the combustion chamber, reducing the resistance, and increasing the gasoline engine. Dynamic. Further, the inner end of the race of the intake valve and the inner end of the race of the exhaust valve are adapted to the shape of the combustion chamber surface.
  • the shape of the end face of the inner end of the raceway of the valve and the inner end of the raceway of the exhaust valve is adapted to the shape of the combustion chamber surface, eliminating steps, reducing interference with intake and exhaust, reducing drag, eliminating dead ends and sudden changes in shape , to ensure the full combustion of the mixed gas, improve the efficiency of the gasoline engine.
  • the line connecting the axis of the intake valve and the axis of the exhaust valve intersects the line connecting the axis of the intake push rod and the axis of the exhaust push rod between the axis of the intake push rod and the axis of the exhaust push rod And the angle is 90 ° ⁇ 20 °.
  • the structure makes the arrangement area of the valve triangular, occupies a small arrangement area, and facilitates the arrangement of other components, does not change the arrangement of the existing push rod, especially for the vertical axis gasoline engine, can realize the lower camshaft
  • the inclined valve structure, the angle between the inlet and exhaust valves and the inlet and exhaust air passages is smaller than that of the existing structure combustion chamber surface, facilitating the organization of the intake tumble and the intake vortex in the cylinder to improve the intake efficiency.
  • the preferred structure is 90°, and the production is easy to standardize. Try to make the valve area have an equilateral triangle structure and reduce the occupied area.
  • the connection between the intake valve axis and the exhaust valve axis is located in the intake push rod and the exhaust push rod. Between the two, it is easy to arrange the intake passage to minimize the resistance of the intake and exhaust, and improve the performance of the gasoline engine. It is easy to arrange the parts such as the carburetor/air filter. The cost of renovation.
  • the gasoline engine is a vertical axis structure
  • the line level of the axis of the intake valve and the axis of the exhaust valve, the intake direction of the intake passage and the exhaust direction of the exhaust passage are both in a horizontal plane
  • the top of the intake valve is horizontal Tilting toward the intake passage side
  • the top of the exhaust valve is inclined toward the exhaust passage side in the horizontal direction.
  • Horizontal intake and exhaust avoiding the mutual displacement of the intake and exhaust, which is more conducive to the smoothness of the intake and exhaust, and makes the arrangement of the air passage of the cylinder head more regular, and facilitates the flow of air into the cylinder to form a tumble flow, accelerate combustion, and improve Gasoline engine work efficiency.
  • the intake passage is located between the intake push rod and the exhaust push rod, the length of the intake rocker arm is shorter than the length of the exhaust rocker arm; the resistance arm of the exhaust rocker arm is in the vertical plane to the intake valve axis and The line of the exhaust valve axis is inclined.
  • the structure adopts the inclined valve and does not need to change the arrangement of the original push rod, and the resistance arm of the exhaust rocker arm is inclined inward to adapt to the arrangement of the intake and exhaust valves; and the resistance arm is inclined, so that the exhaust push rod Driving the exhaust rocker arm does not create additional torque, ensuring flexibility.
  • the angle between the axis of the intake valve and the axis of the exhaust valve is 30 or less.
  • the intake rocker arm is disposed on the intake rocker arm seat through the intake rocker arm shaft
  • the exhaust rocker arm is disposed on the exhaust rocker arm seat through the exhaust rocker arm shaft; the axis of the intake valve rocker arm shaft and the exhaust valve The axis of the rocker shaft is at an angle of 45° ⁇ 20° in the vertical plane.
  • the rocker arm can be arranged reasonably according to the position of the intake and exhaust valves, which is more conducive to ensuring valve timing and ensuring the phase of the valve, thereby improving performance and reducing emissions.
  • Advantageous Effects of Invention The universal gasoline engine of the present invention adopts a combustion chamber having a relatively small surface area and a cooling passage of a nose beam region between the intake and exhaust valves. Therefore, the combustion chamber structure having a smaller surface ratio has a good cooling effect.
  • the structure in which the line connecting the inclined valve, the intake valve axis and the exhaust valve axis intersects with the line connecting the intake push rod axis and the exhaust push rod axis improves the working efficiency of the gasoline engine and eliminates the existing integrated spherical structure. Conducive to the full mixing of combustion gases, reduce the mixing rate, and affect the drawbacks of combustion and emissions. And because the curved transition is beneficial to the mixing of the combustion gas, the squeezing area is increased, and the incoming airflow is subjected to the resistance in different directions, so that the fuel mixture can better form turbulent flow, the combustion is more fully, the fuel consumption rate is effectively reduced, and the combustion is facilitated. And reduce emissions and increase gasoline engine power.
  • the inclined valve is adopted, which is adapted to the structure of the combustion chamber to facilitate the organization of the intake tumble and the intake vortex in the cylinder, improve the intake efficiency, increase the airflow disturbance in the cylinder, accelerate the combustion, and increase the power of the gasoline engine. It also reduces the resistance of the intake and exhaust, making the intake and exhaust more smooth, which is conducive to improving the power of the gasoline engine, reducing fuel consumption and reducing exhaust emissions.
  • the inclined valve can make the nose bridge area in the middle of the inlet and exhaust passages wider, which is conducive to cooling and increase the anti-deformation ability, greatly improving the cooling effect of the nose beam area, reducing the deformation of the cylinder head at high temperature, and improving Reliability.
  • the air-cooling passage is completely unobstructed, and the cross-section of the cooling passage is increased due to the use of the inclined valve, which greatly improves the cooling effect of the nose bridge region, reduces the deformation of the cylinder head at high temperatures, and improves the reliability of the valve seal. Sex. Moreover, the cooling air passage penetrates from the top to the bottom, and the wind direction of the vertical axis gasoline engine cooling wind blows from the top to the bottom, and does not require an additional air guiding arrangement, and has a better cooling effect.
  • a structure in which a line connecting the intake valve axis and the exhaust valve axis intersects with a line connecting the intake push rod axis and the exhaust push rod axis forms a triangular region, occupying a small arrangement area, facilitating the arrangement of other components, and
  • the intake and exhaust passages can be set according to the intake and exhaust requirements to ensure the cylinder intake and exhaust quality, reduce the exhaust resistance, improve engine power and reduce emissions.
  • the HC+NOx emitted by the present invention meets or exceeds the US EPA standard.
  • the power can be increased to 3.8 kW, and the emission is reduced from 9.0 g/kW.h to 7.8 g/kW. .h;
  • the power can be increased to 4.3 kW, and the emission is reduced from 9.0 g/kW.h to 7.9 g/kW.h, which meets the EPA3 stage of 10 g/kW.h. It can be seen that the gasoline engine of the present invention has higher power increase and emission reduction, which is beneficial to environmental protection.
  • the universal gasoline engine of the present embodiment includes a cylinder block (not shown), a cylinder head body 1 and a setting.
  • an intake valve 5 is disposed on the cylinder head body 1 corresponding to the intake passage 12, and an exhaust valve 9 is provided corresponding to the exhaust passage 11, and an intake valve is provided.
  • the exhaust valve 9 is correspondingly provided with the exhaust rocker arm 2 and the exhaust push rod (not marked in the figure), and the inside of the cylinder head body 1 forms a combustion
  • the chamber surface 13 and the combustion chamber surface 13 are an arch surface structure composed of a spherical structure or a smooth curved surface.
  • the portion of the combustion chamber face 13 between the intake valve 5 and the exhaust valve 9 forms a nose bridge region 14, and the cylinder head body 1 is provided with a through air passage 10 therethrough outside the nose bridge region 14.
  • a line connecting the intake valve 5 axis and the exhaust valve 9 axis and a line connecting the intake push rod axis and the exhaust push rod axis intersect between the intake push rod axis and the exhaust push rod axis. Since the intake push rod and the exhaust push rod are vertically placed on the intake rocker arm 8 and the exhaust rocker arm 2, the intake rocker arm 8 and the exhaust rocker arm 2 and the intake push rod and the exhaust push rod are The contact point can reflect the axial position of the intake push rod and the exhaust push rod. The angle between the connection point of the intake rocker arm 8 and the exhaust rocker arm 2 with the intake push rod and the exhaust push rod in FIG.
  • the combustion chamber surface 13 is an arch surface structure, which is composed of at least three smooth curved surfaces and a smooth transition from bottom to top, and the smooth curved surface is a paraboloid or a hyperboloid.
  • three smooth curved surfaces are used (respectively parabolic surfaces ⁇ Hyperboloid b and paraboloid c), smooth surfaces can be combined in other ways, such as paraboloids, hyperbolas, etc., to form a combustion chamber of the arch structure.
  • the combustion chamber can better eliminate the existing integrated spherical structure, which is not conducive to the sufficient mixing of the combustion gas, reduces the mixing rate, and affects the disadvantages of combustion and discharge, because the curved transition facilitates the mixing of the combustion gas, and the incoming airflow is subjected to different directions.
  • the resistance makes the fuel mixture better to form turbulent flow, and the combustion is more sufficient, effectively reducing the fuel consumption rate, facilitating combustion and reducing emissions, and increasing the power of the gasoline engine.
  • the air-cooling passage 10 is integrally formed with the cylinder head body 1 with a rib-shaped heat dissipation bridge 10a.
  • the rib-shaped heat dissipation bridge 10a is disposed longitudinally in the air-cooling passage 10 and perpendicular to the mounting plane of the cylinder head body 1.
  • the heat dissipation bridge structure facilitates the strength of the cylinder head after opening the large cross-sectional air cooling passage, especially in the case of a large width, and improves the deformation resistance of the cylinder head; meanwhile, the heat dissipation bridge increases the heat radiation and the conduction area when dissipating heat. , further conducive to heat dissipation.
  • the axis of the intake valve 5 and the axis of the exhaust valve 9 are perpendicular to the intersection of the combustion chamber face 13 and its intersection point, and the intake valve 5 and the exhaust valve 9 are adapted to the direction of the intake and exhaust of the combustion chamber. Reduce the resistance and increase the power of the gasoline engine.
  • the inner end portion of the race 5a of the intake valve 5 and the inner end portion of the race 9a of the exhaust valve 9 are conformed to the combustion chamber face 13.
  • the conformal shape is adapted to the shape, and the shape of the end surface of the inner end portion of the race 5a of the intake valve 5 and the inner end portion of the race 9a of the exhaust valve 9 is adapted to the shape of the combustion chamber surface 13, eliminating the step and reducing the intake air and Exhaust interference, reduce drag, eliminate dead ends and sudden shape changes, ensure full combustion of the mixed gas, and improve the efficiency of the gasoline engine.
  • the line connecting the axis of the intake valve 5 and the axis of the exhaust valve 9 intersects the line of the intake push rod axis and the exhaust push rod axis at the intake push rod axis and the exhaust.
  • the angle between the push rod axes and the angle ⁇ is 90° ⁇ 20°.
  • the structure makes the arrangement area of the valve form a triangle, occupies a small arrangement area, facilitates the arrangement of other components, and does not change the arrangement of the existing push rod, especially for the vertical axis gasoline engine, the lower camshaft can be realized.
  • the inclined valve structure, the angle between the inlet and exhaust valves and the inlet and exhaust air passages is smaller than that of the existing structure combustion chamber surface, which facilitates the organization of the intake tumble and the intake vortex in the cylinder to improve the intake efficiency.
  • Increase the airflow disturbance in the cylinder accelerate the combustion, increase the power of the gasoline engine; reduce the resistance of the intake and exhaust, make the intake and exhaust more smooth, help to increase the power of the gasoline engine, reduce fuel consumption, reduce exhaust emissions, and have a larger angle.
  • the preferred structure is 90°, and the production is easy to standardize. Try to make the valve area have an equilateral triangle structure and reduce the occupied area.
  • the connection between the intake valve axis and the exhaust valve axis is located in the intake push rod and the exhaust push rod. Between, it is easy to arrange the intake passage, minimize the resistance of the intake and exhaust, improve the performance of the gasoline engine; facilitate the arrangement of parts such as the carburetor/air filter, and reduce Cause this.
  • the gasoline engine is a vertical axis structure
  • the connection level of the intake valve 5 axis and the exhaust valve 9 axis, the intake direction of the intake passage 12 and the exhaust direction of the exhaust passage 11 are located at a horizontal plane
  • the intake air The top of the door 5 is inclined toward the intake passage 12 side in the horizontal direction
  • the top of the exhaust valve 9 is inclined toward the exhaust passage 11 side in the horizontal direction.
  • Horizontal intake and exhaust avoiding the mutual displacement of the intake and exhaust, which is more conducive to the smoothness of the intake and exhaust, and makes the arrangement of the air passage of the cylinder head more regular, and facilitates the flow of air into the cylinder to form a tumble flow, accelerate combustion, and improve Gasoline engine work efficiency.
  • the intake passage 12 is located between the intake push rod and the exhaust push rod, the length of the intake rocker arm 8 is shorter than the length of the exhaust rocker arm 2; the resistance arm of the exhaust rocker arm 2 is vertical The line is inclined in the plane to the line connecting the intake valve 5 axis and the exhaust valve 9 axis. Since the (intake valve or the exhaust valve) is a lever structure, the rocker arm shaft is used as a fulcrum, the portion for driving the valve is a resistance arm, and the portion for engaging the push rod is a power arm.
  • the structure adopts the inclined valve and does not need to change the arrangement structure of the original push rod, and the resistance arm of the exhaust rocker arm is inclined inward to adapt to the arrangement of the intake and exhaust valves; and the resistance arm is inclined to make the exhaust push rod Driving the exhaust rocker arm does not create additional torque, ensuring flexibility.
  • the angle ⁇ between the axis of the intake valve 5 and the axis of the exhaust valve 9 is less than or equal to 30°, which is 30° in this embodiment, and a sufficient inclination angle is ensured to ensure the advancement. Smooth gas and exhaust, as well as sufficient width between the inlet and exhaust valves and the nose bridge for better cooling.
  • the intake rocker arm 8 is disposed on the intake rocker arm seat 6 through the intake rocker arm shaft 7, and the exhaust rocker arm 2 is disposed on the exhaust rocker arm seat 4 through the exhaust rocker arm shaft 3;
  • the axis of the rocker shaft 7 and the axis of the exhaust valve rocker shaft 3 are at an angle ⁇ of 45° ⁇ 20° in the vertical plane, which is 45° in this embodiment.
  • the rocker arm can be arranged reasonably according to the position of the intake and exhaust valves.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Cylinder Crankcases Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)

Description

通用汽油机 技术领域 本发明涉及一种动力机械， 特别涉及一种通用汽油机。 背景技术 通用汽油机指除车用、 航空用以外， 具有广泛用途的往复活塞式汽油机， 一般功 率在 20kW以内为小型通用汽油机， 具有较强的通用性， 其特点是体积小和质量小、 使用操作简便， 价格便宜。 通用汽油机作为动力源之一来驱动通用机械， 通用机械包 括农林植保机械、 园林机械、 发电机组、 建筑机械等。 通用汽油机是用汽油作燃料 的一种动力机械。 由气缸、 曲柄连杆机构、 配气系统、 供油系统、 润滑系统和点火系 统等部分组成； 气缸头设置有进气通道和排气通道， 并与气缸共同组成燃烧室面， 因 而， 属于汽油机较为重要的部件。 汽油作为燃料与空气的混合物在燃烧室内燃烧， 产 生大量的热量， 作为驱动能量。 燃烧室的参数是保证汽油机高效运行的必要条件； 同 时， 燃烧室的连续工作需要进、 排气系统的配合， 如果进、 排气阻力较大或出现关闭 不严、 不准和动作不顺畅的问题， 则会影响汽油机的正常运行。 燃烧室内产生的热量不可避免的影响着缸头的力学性能， 特别是对于进气门和排 气门周围的局部区域来说， 如果不能及时散热， 则会导致该区域发生热变形， 影响进 气门和排气门的密封， 从而影响正常进气和排气， 导致汽油机工作状态变差， 降低动 力功率和影响排放。 现有技术中为解决散热问题， 缸头的散热措施普遍采用在外表面 设有散热片， 燃烧室内的热量通过缸头传导至散热片， 利用空气对流带走热量， 达到 散热的目的。 由于进、 排气门之间位于燃烧室面形成的鼻梁区距离缸头表面较远， 散 热片并不能及时带走大部分热量， 汽油机长时间运行后， 会发生上述提到的热变形， 影响汽油机功率和排放。 汽油机的配气系统也是保证汽油机正常运行的必要部件， 进气门和排气门的开启 和关闭是由摇臂组件等传动件分别加以控制的； 进气门和排气门分别设有驱动其开闭 的摇臂总成； 进气门和排气门用于开启、 关闭与燃烧室内的吸气、 燃烧做功和排气相 适应， 维持汽油机的正常运转。 现有技术中， 摇臂和气门呈矩形排列， 也就是并列且 接近平行的摇臂， 进、 排气通道与气门相适应， 需要错开一定的间距， 影响进排气质 量。 由此可见， 现有的气门布置不但占有较大的空间， 且不能与进气通道和排气通道 的进、 排气方向相适应， 降低汽油机的功率， 并影响排放； 特别是对于斜置气门的结 构， 会进一步增加占用空间， 影响到其它部件 （如化油器 /空滤器等零件） 的布置。 因此， 需要对现有的通用汽油机进行改进， 具有更小面容比的燃烧室结构， 冷却 效果好， 降低进排气阻力， 进排气门具有较好的密封效果， 并利于其它部件的布置， 提高汽油机的运行效率， 节约燃料， 降低排放。 发明内容 有鉴于此， 本发明提供一种通用汽油机， 具有更小面容比的燃烧室结构， 冷却效 果好。 能降低进、 排气阻力， 进、 排气门具有较好的密封效果。 利于其它部件的布置， 提高汽油机的运行效率， 节约燃料， 降低排放。 本发明的通用汽油机， 包括缸体、 缸头本体和设置于缸头本体的进气通道及排气 通道， 缸头本体上与进气通道对应设有进气门， 与排气通道对应设有排气门， 进气门 对应设置进气摇臂和进气推杆， 排气门对应设置排气摇臂和排气推杆， 缸头本体内侧 形成燃烧室面， 燃烧室面为球面结构或平滑曲面构成的拱面结构； 燃烧室面位于进气 门和排气门之间形成鼻梁区， 缸头本体上位于鼻梁区外侧设有贯通的风冷通道。 进一步， 进气门的轴线和排气门的轴线的连线和进气推杆的轴线和排气推杆的轴 线的连线相交于进气推杆的轴线和排气推杆的轴线之间。 进一步， 进气门顶部向进气通道侧倾斜， 排气门顶部向排气通道侧倾斜； 风冷通 道位于进气门和排气门之间。 进一步， 燃烧室面为拱面结构， 由至少三个平滑曲面依次从底部到顶部平滑过渡 组成， 平滑曲面为抛物面或双曲面。 该燃烧室能够更好的消除现有的一体球形结构不 利于燃烧气体的充分混合， 降低混合率， 影响燃烧和排放的弊端， 因为曲面过渡利于 燃烧气的混合，进入的气流会受到不同方向的阻力， 使燃油混合气能更好的形成紊流， 燃烧更加充分， 有效的降低燃油消耗率， 利于燃烧和降低排放， 增加汽油机动力。 进一步， 风冷通道内与缸头本体一体成型设有肋状散热桥， 肋状散热桥沿纵向设 置于风冷通道内且垂直于缸头本体的安装平面。 散热桥结构利于在开通大横截面风冷 通道后保证缸头的强度， 特别是宽度较大的情况下， 提高缸头的抗变形能力； 同时， 散热桥增加了散热时的热辐射和传导面积， 进一步利于散热。 进一步， 进气门的轴线和排气门的轴线分别垂直于燃烧室面与其相交点的切面， 进气门和排气门与燃烧室的进、 排气方向相适应， 减小阻力， 增加汽油机的动力性。 进一步， 进气门的座圈内侧端部和排气门的座圈内侧端部与燃烧室面的形状相适 应。气门的座圈内侧端部和排气门的座圈内侧端部的端面形状与燃烧室面形状相适应， 消除台阶， 减小对进气和排气的干扰， 降低阻力， 消除死角和形状突变， 保证混合气 体的充分燃烧， 提高汽油机效率。 进一步， 进气门的轴线和排气门的轴线的连线与进气推杆的轴线和排气推杆的轴 线的连线相交于进气推杆的轴线和排气推杆的轴线之间且夹角为 90°±20°。 本结构使 气门的布置区域形成三角形， 占有较小的布置面积， 在便于其它部件的布置， 并不改 变现有的推杆的布置， 特别是对于垂直轴汽油机来说， 能够实现下置凸轮轴的斜置气 门结构， 进、 排气门与进、 排气气道之间的夹角比现有结构燃烧室面小， 便于在气缸 内组织进气滚流和进气涡流， 提高进气效率， 增加缸内气流扰动， 加快燃烧， 提高汽 油机功率； 减小进、 排气的阻力， 使进、 排气更顺畅， 利于提高汽油机功率， 降低燃 油消耗， 降低尾气排放， 具有较大的夹角， 较佳的结构为 90°， 制作容易实现标准化， 尽力使气门区域为正三角形结构， 减小占用面积， 进气门轴线和排气门轴线的连线位 于进气推杆和排气推杆之间， 便于布置进气通道， 实现进气、 排气的阻力最小化， 提 高汽油机性能； 便于布置化油器 /空滤器等零件，降低改造成本。 进一步， 汽油机为垂直轴结构， 进气门的轴线和排气门的轴线的连线水平， 进气 通道的进气方向和排气通道的排气方向均位于水平面， 进气门顶部沿水平方向向进气 通道侧倾斜， 排气门顶部沿水平方向向排气通道侧倾斜。 水平方向进气和排气， 避免 进气和排气相互错开， 更利于进、 排气的顺畅并使缸头气道布置更为规则， 且利于气 流进入气缸， 形成滚流， 加快燃烧， 提高汽油机工作效率。 进一步， 进气通道位于进气推杆和排气推杆之间， 进气摇臂的长度短于排气摇臂 的长度； 排气摇臂的阻力臂在竖直平面内向进气门轴线和排气门轴线的连线倾斜。 该 结构采用斜置气门并不需改变原有推杆的布置结构， 排气摇臂的阻力臂向内倾斜能够 适应于进、 排气门的布置； 并且， 阻力臂倾斜， 使得排气推杆驱动排气摇臂不产生附 加力矩， 保证其灵活性。 进一步， 进气门的轴线和排气门的轴线之间的夹角小于等于 30°。 保证具有足够 的倾斜角度， 保证进气和排气的顺畅， 同时， 也保证鼻梁区和进排气门之间具有足够 的宽度， 具有更好的冷却效果。 进一步， 进气摇臂通过进气摇臂轴设置于进气摇臂座， 排气摇臂通过排气摇臂轴 设置于排气摇臂座;进气门摇臂轴的轴线与排气门摇臂轴的轴线在竖直平面呈 45°±20° 的夹角。 适应于摇臂布置的需求， 避免推杆驱动摇臂产生附加力矩， 利于保证摇臂带 动气门动作的协调性、 密封性和灵活驱动； 可以根据进排气门的位置来合理布置摇臂, 更利于保证气门正时，保证配气相位,从而提高性能和降低排放。 本发明的有益效果： 本发明的通用汽油机， 采用面容比较小的燃烧室并在进、 排 气门间设置鼻梁区冷却通道， 因此， 具有更小面容比的燃烧室结构， 冷却效果好。 采 用斜置气门、 进气门轴线和排气门轴线的连线与进气推杆轴线和排气推杆轴线的连线 相交的结构， 提高汽油机工作效率， 并且消除现有的一体球形结构不利于燃烧气体的 充分混合， 降低混合率， 影响燃烧和排放的弊端。 并且因为曲面过渡利于燃烧气的混 合， 增加挤气区域， 进入的气流会受到不同方向的阻力， 使燃油混合气能更好的形成 紊流， 燃烧更加充分， 有效的降低燃油消耗率， 利于燃烧和降低排放， 增加汽油机动 力。 采用斜置气门， 适应于燃烧室结构便于在气缸内组织进气滚流和进气涡流， 提高 进气效率， 增加缸内气流扰动， 加快燃烧， 提高汽油机功率。 并减小进、 排气的阻力， 使进、 排气更顺畅， 利于提高汽油机功率， 降低燃油消耗， 降低尾气排放。 同时， 斜 置气门可以使进、 排气通道中间的鼻梁区更宽， 利于冷却， 增加抗变形能力， 极大的 提高了鼻梁区的冷却效果， 减小了缸头在高温下的变形， 提高了可靠性。 完全畅通的 风冷通道， 且由于采用斜置气门， 使冷却通道横截面增大， 极大的提高了鼻梁区的冷 却效果， 减小了缸头在高温下的变形， 提高了气门密封的可靠性。 并且冷却风道从上 向下贯通， 与垂直轴汽油机冷却风从上向下吹的风向， 不需额外的导风设置， 具有较 好的冷却效果。 采用进气门轴线和排气门轴线的连线与进气推杆轴线和排气推杆轴线 的连线相交的结构， 形成三角形区域， 占有较小的布置面积， 便于其它部件的布置， 并不改变现有的推杆的布置， 进排气通道可根据进排气需要进行设置， 保证气缸进排 气质量， 降低排气阻力， 提高发动机功率和降低排放。 本发明排放的 HC+NOx达到甚 至超过美国 EPA标准， 以最大功率 (转速 3600rpm)为 3.0kW的汽油机为例， 功率可 提高到 3.8kW， 排放由 9.0g/kW.h降低到 7.8g/kW.h; 以最大功率为 3.5kW的汽油机为 例， 功率可提高到 4.3kW， 排放由 9.0g/kW.h降低到 7.9g/kW.h， 均满足 EPA3 阶段 10g/kW.h的标准。 由此可见， 本发明的汽油机功率提高和排放降低较为明显， 利于保护环境。 附图说明 下面结合附图和实施例对本发明作进一步描述。 图 1为本发明的结构示意图； 图 2为图 1沿 A-A向剖视图。 具体实施方式 图 1为本发明的结构示意图， 图 2为图 1沿 A-A向剖视图， 如图所示： 本实施例 的通用汽油机， 包括缸体（图中没有标识）、缸头本体 1和设置于缸头本体 1的进气通 道 12及排气通道 11， 缸头本体 1上与进气通道 12对应设有进气门 5， 与排气通道 11 对应设有排气门 9， 进气门 5对应设置进气摇臂 8和进气推杆 （图中没有标识）， 排气 门 9对应设置排气摇臂 2和排气推杆（图中没有标识），缸头本体 1内侧形成燃烧室面 13， 燃烧室面 13为球面结构或平滑曲面构成的拱面结构。 燃烧室面 13位于进气门 5和排气门 9之间的部分形成鼻梁区 14， 缸头本体 1上 位于鼻梁区 14外侧设有贯通的风冷通道 10。 进气门 5轴线和排气门 9轴线的连线和进气推杆轴线和排气推杆轴线的连线相交 于进气推杆轴线和排气推杆轴线之间。 由于进气推杆和排气推杆均垂直顶在进气摇臂 8和排气摇臂 2上， 因而， 进气摇臂 8和排气摇臂 2与进气推杆和排气推杆的接触点 即能反映出进气推杆和排气推杆的轴线位置。 图 1中进气摇臂 8和排气摇臂 2与进气 推杆和排气推杆的接触点的连线与进气门 5轴线和排气门 9轴线的连线的夹角， 即为 进气门 5轴线和排气门 9轴线的连线与进气推杆轴线和排气推杆轴线的连线的夹角。 进气门 5顶部向进气通道 12侧倾斜， 排气门 9顶部向排气通道 11侧倾斜； 风冷 通道 10位于进气门 5和排气门 9之间。 本实施例中，燃烧室面 13为拱面结构， 由至少三个平滑曲面依次从底部到顶部平 滑过渡组成， 平滑曲面为抛物面或双曲面， 本实施例采用三个平滑曲面 （分别为抛物 面^ 双曲面 b和抛物面 c)， 平滑曲面可以为抛物面、 双曲面等的其他方式组合， 共 同形成拱面结构的燃烧室。 该燃烧室能够更好的消除现有的一体球形结构不利于燃烧 气体的充分混合， 降低混合率， 影响燃烧和排放的弊端， 因为曲面过渡利于燃烧气的 混合， 进入的气流会受到不同方向的阻力， 使燃油混合气能更好的形成紊流， 燃烧更 加充分， 有效的降低燃油消耗率， 利于燃烧和降低排放， 增加汽油机动力。 本实施例中， 风冷通道 10内与缸头本体 1一体成型设有肋状散热桥 10a， 肋状散 热桥 10a沿纵向设置于风冷通道 10内且垂直于缸头本体 1的安装平面。散热桥结构利 于在开通大横截面风冷通道后保证缸头的强度， 特别是宽度较大的情况下， 提高缸头 的抗变形能力； 同时， 散热桥增加了散热时的热辐射和传导面积， 进一步利于散热。 本实施例中，进气门 5轴线和排气门 9轴线分别垂直于燃烧室面 13与其相交点的 切面， 进气门 5和排气门 9与燃烧室的进、 排气方向相适应， 减小阻力， 增加汽油机 的动力性。 本实施例中， 进气门 5的座圈 5a内侧端部和排气门 9的座圈 9a内侧端部与燃烧 室面 13相适形。 适形即适应形状， 进气门 5的座圈 5a内侧端部和排气门 9的座圈 9a 内侧端部的端面形状与燃烧室面 13形状相适应，消除台阶，减小对进气和排气的干扰， 降低阻力， 消除死角和形状突变， 保证混合气体的充分燃烧， 提高汽油机效率。 本实施例中， 如图 1所示， 进气门 5轴线和排气门 9轴线的连线与进气推杆轴线 和排气推杆轴线的连线相交于进气推杆轴线和排气推杆轴线之间且夹角 α为 90°±20°。 本结构使气门的布置区域形成三角形， 占有较小的布置面积， 便于其它部件的布置， 并不改变现有的推杆的布置， 特别是对于垂直轴汽油机来说， 能够实现下置凸轮轴的 斜置气门结构， 进、 排气门与进、 排气气道之间的夹角比现有结构燃烧室面小， 便于 在气缸内组织进气滚流和进气涡流， 提高进气效率， 增加缸内气流扰动， 加快燃烧， 提高汽油机功率； 减小进、 排气的阻力， 使进、 排气更顺畅， 利于提高汽油机功率， 降低燃油消耗， 降低尾气排放， 具有较大的夹角， 较佳的结构为 90°， 制作容易实现 标准化， 尽力使气门区域为正三角形结构， 减小占用面积， 进气门轴线和排气门轴线 的连线位于进气推杆和排气推杆之间， 便于布置进气通道， 实现进气、 排气的阻力最 小化， 提高汽油机性能； 便于布置化油器 /空滤器等零件，降低改造成本。 本实施例中， 汽油机为垂直轴结构， 进气门 5轴线和排气门 9轴线的连线水平， 进气通道 12的进气方向和排气通道 11的排气方向均位于水平面， 进气门 5顶部沿水 平方向向进气通道 12侧倾斜， 排气门 9顶部沿水平方向向排气通道 11侧倾斜。 水平 方向进气和排气， 避免进气和排气相互错开， 更利于进、 排气的顺畅并使缸头气道布 置更为规则， 且利于气流进入气缸， 形成滚流， 加快燃烧， 提高汽油机工作效率。 本实施例中，进气通道 12位于进气推杆和排气推杆之间，进气摇臂 8的长度短于 排气摇臂 2的长度； 排气摇臂 2的阻力臂在竖直平面内向进气门 5轴线和排气门 9轴 线的连线倾斜。 由于 （进气门或者排气门） 摇臂为杠杆结构， 以摇臂轴为支点， 用于 驱动气门的部分为阻力臂， 与推杆配合的部分为动力臂。 该结构采用斜置气门并不需 改变原有推杆的布置结构，排气摇臂的阻力臂向内倾斜能够适应于进、排气门的布置; 并且， 阻力臂倾斜， 使得排气推杆驱动排气摇臂不产生附加力矩， 保证其灵活性。 本实施例中， 如图 2所示， 进气门 5轴线和排气门 9轴线之间的夹角 β小于等于 30°， 本实施例中为 30°， 保证具有足够的倾斜角度， 保证进气和排气的顺畅， 同时， 也保证进、 排气门之间和鼻梁区具有足够的宽度， 具有更好的冷却效果。 本实施例中， 进气摇臂 8通过进气摇臂轴 7设置于进气摇臂座 6， 排气摇臂 2通 过排气摇臂轴 3设置于排气摇臂座 4; 进气门摇臂轴 7轴线与排气门摇臂轴 3轴线在 竖直平面呈 45°±20°的夹角 δ， 本实施例中采用 45°。 适应于摇臂布置的需求， 避免推 杆驱动摇臂产生附加力矩，利于保证摇臂带动气门动作的协调性、密封性和灵活驱动； 可以根据进、 排气门的位置来合理布置摇臂,更利于保证气门正时,保证配气相位，从而 提高性能和降低排放。 最后说明的是， 以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非限制， 尽管参照较 佳实施例对本发明进行了详细说明， 本领域的普通技术人员应当理解， 可以对本发明 的技术方案进行修改或者等同替换， 而不脱离本发明技术方案的宗旨和范围， 其均应 涵盖在本发明的权利要求范围当中。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书 一种通用汽油机， 包括缸体、 缸头本体 （1) 和设置于所述缸头本体 （1) 的进 气通道 （12) 及排气通道 （11)， 所述缸头本体 （1) 上与所述进气通道 （12) 对应设有进气门 （5)， 与所述排气通道 （11) 对应设有排气门 （9)， 所述进气 门 （5)对应设置进气摇臂 （8)和进气推杆， 所述排气门 （9)对应设置排气摇 臂（2)和排气推杆， 所述缸头本体（1) 内侧形成燃烧室面（13)， 其特征在于： 所述燃烧室面 （13) 为球面结构或平滑曲面构成的拱面结构；
所述燃烧室面 （13) 位于所述进气门 （5) 和所述排气门 （9) 之间的部分 形成鼻梁区 （14)， 所述缸头本体 （1) 上位于所述鼻梁区 （14) 外侧设有贯通 的风冷通道 （10)。 根据权利要求 1所述的通用汽油机， 其特征在于： 所述进气门 （5)的轴线和所 述排气门（9)的轴线的连线和所述进气推杆的轴线和所述排气推杆的轴线的连 线相交于所述进气推杆的轴线和所述排气推杆的轴线之间。 根据权利要求 1或 2所述的通用汽油机， 其特征在于： 所述进气门 （5)顶部向 所述进气通道（12)侧倾斜， 所述排气门 （9)顶部向所述排气通道（11)侧倾 斜； 所述风冷通道 （10) 位于所述进气门 （5) 和所述排气门 （9) 之间。 根据权利要求 1或 2所述的通用汽油机， 其特征在于： 所述燃烧室面 （13) 为 拱面结构， 由至少三个平滑曲面依次从底部到顶部平滑过渡组成， 所述平滑曲 面为抛物面或双曲面。 根据权利要求 3所述的通用汽油机， 其特征在于： 所述燃烧室面 （13) 为拱面 结构， 由至少三个平滑曲面依次从底部到顶部平滑过渡组成， 所述平滑曲面为 抛物面或双曲面。 根据权利要求 1或 2所述的通用汽油机， 其特征在于： 所述风冷通道 （10) 内 与所述缸头本体（1)一体成型设有肋状散热桥（10a)， 所述肋状散热桥（10a) 沿纵向设置于所述风冷通道 （10) 内且垂直于所述缸头本体 （1) 的安装平面。 根据权利要求 5所述的通用汽油机， 其特征在于： 所述风冷通道 （10) 内与所 述缸头本体 （1) 一体成型设有肋状散热桥 （10a)， 所述肋状散热桥 （10a) 沿 纵向设置于所述风冷通道 （10) 内且垂直于所述缸头本体 （1) 的安装平面。
8. 根据权利要求 7所述的通用汽油机， 其特征在于： 所述进气门 （5)的轴线和所 述排气门 （9) 的轴线分别垂直于所述燃烧室面 （13) 与各自相交点的切面。
9. 根据权利要求 8所述的通用汽油机， 其特征在于： 所述进气门（5)的座圈（5a) 内侧端部和所述排气门 （9) 的座圈 （9a) 内侧端部与所述燃烧室面 （13) 的形 状相适应。
10. 根据权利要求 9所述的通用汽油机， 其特征在于： 所述进气门 （5)的轴线和所 述排气门（9)的轴线的连线与所述进气推杆的轴线和所述排气推杆的轴线的连 线相交于所述进气推杆的轴线和所述排气推杆的轴线之间且夹角 （ α )为 90° ±20° 。
11. 根据权利要求 10所述的通用汽油机， 其特征在于： 所述汽油机为垂直轴结构， 所述进气门 （5) 的轴线和所述排气门 （8) 的轴线的连线水平， 所述进气通道
(12) 的进气方向和所述排气通道 （11) 的排气方向均位于水平面， 所述进气 门 （5) 顶部沿水平方向向所述进气通道 （12) 侧倾斜， 所述排气门 （9) 顶部 沿水平方向向所述排气通道 （11) 侧倾斜。
12. 根据权利要求 11所述的通用汽油机， 其特征在于： 所述进气通道（12)位于所 述进气推杆和所述排气推杆之间， 所述进气摇臂（8)的长度短于所述排气摇臂
(2) 的长度； 所述排气摇臂 （2) 的阻力臂在竖直平面内向所述进气门 （5) 的 轴线和所述排气门 （9) 的轴线的连线倾斜。
13. 根据权利要求 12所述的通用汽油机， 其特征在于： 所述进气门 （5) 的轴线和 所述排气门 （9) 的轴线之间的夹角 （β ) 小于等于 30° 。
14. 根据权利要求 13所述的通用汽油机， 其特征在于： 所述进气摇臂 （8) 通过进 气摇臂轴（7)设置于进气摇臂座（6)， 所述排气摇臂（2)通过排气摇臂轴（3) 设置于排气摇臂座（4); 所述进气门摇臂轴（7)轴线与所述排气门摇臂轴（2) 轴线在竖直平面呈 45° ±20° 的夹角 （ δ )。
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