WO2012122819A1 - 风冷型通用垂直轴汽油机缸头及具有其的汽油机 - Google Patents

风冷型通用垂直轴汽油机缸头及具有其的汽油机 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012122819A1
WO2012122819A1 PCT/CN2011/082482 CN2011082482W WO2012122819A1 WO 2012122819 A1 WO2012122819 A1 WO 2012122819A1 CN 2011082482 W CN2011082482 W CN 2011082482W WO 2012122819 A1 WO2012122819 A1 WO 2012122819A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
intake
exhaust
cylinder head
axis
valve
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2011/082482
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
车毕波
Original Assignee
隆鑫通用动力股份有限公司
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 隆鑫通用动力股份有限公司 filed Critical 隆鑫通用动力股份有限公司
Publication of WO2012122819A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012122819A1/zh

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F1/00—Cylinders; Cylinder heads 
    • F02F1/24—Cylinder heads
    • F02F1/26—Cylinder heads having cooling means
    • F02F1/28—Cylinder heads having cooling means for air cooling
    • F02F1/30—Finned cylinder heads
    • F02F1/34—Finned cylinder heads with means for directing or distributing cooling medium 
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01P—COOLING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; COOLING OF INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01P1/00—Air cooling
    • F01P1/06—Arrangements for cooling other engine or machine parts
    • F01P1/08—Arrangements for cooling other engine or machine parts for cooling intake or exhaust valves

Definitions

  • a gasoline engine is a power machine that uses gasoline as a fuel. It is composed of a cylinder, a crank connecting rod mechanism, a gas distribution system, a fuel supply system, a lubrication system and an ignition system; the cylinder head is provided with an intake passage and an exhaust passage, and together with the cylinder constitutes a combustion chamber, and thus, it belongs to a gasoline engine. Important parts.
  • Gasoline as a mixture of fuel and air, burns in the combustion chamber, generating a large amount of heat for use as driving energy.
  • the heat inevitably affects the mechanical properties of the cylinder head.
  • the sealing of the door affects the normal intake and exhaust, resulting in poor working conditions of the gasoline engine, reducing power and affecting emissions.
  • the heat dissipation measures of the cylinder head generally adopt a heat sink on the outer surface, and the heat in the combustion chamber is transmitted to the heat sink through the cylinder head, and the heat is taken away by the air convection to achieve the purpose of heat dissipation. Since the nose bridge area formed between the intake and exhaust valves on the combustion chamber surface is far from the surface of the cylinder head, the heat sink cannot take away most of the heat in time. After the gasoline engine is operated for a long time, the above-mentioned thermal deformation will occur, affecting the gasoline engine. Power and emissions.
  • the present invention provides an air-cooled universal vertical axis gasoline engine cylinder head and a gasoline engine therewith, which have a better heat dissipation effect on the nose beam region and the intake and exhaust valves, thereby ensuring the intake and exhaust valves and the nose bridge region.
  • the air-cooled universal vertical shaft gasoline engine cylinder head of the invention comprises a cylinder head body and an intake passage and an exhaust passage disposed on the cylinder head body, wherein a heat sink is disposed on the outer surface of the cylinder head body, and a combustion chamber is formed inside the cylinder head body An intake valve is disposed on the cylinder head body corresponding to the intake passage, and an exhaust valve is disposed on the cylinder head body corresponding to the exhaust passage.
  • the utility model is characterized in that: the combustion chamber surface forms a nose bridge region between the intake valve and the exhaust valve, and the outer side of the nose bridge region is provided with a through air cooling passage. Further, the top of the intake valve is inclined toward the intake passage side, and the top of the exhaust valve is inclined toward the exhaust passage side, and the air-cooling passage is located between the intake valve and the exhaust valve.
  • the inclined intake and exhaust valves can increase the distance between the intake and exhaust valves, which not only increases the distance between the nose bridges, but also makes the nose bridge wider, which is conducive to cooling and increases resistance to deformation.
  • a rib-shaped heat dissipation bridge integrally formed with the cylinder head body is disposed in the air cooling passage, and the rib-shaped heat dissipation bridge is disposed longitudinally in the air cooling passage and perpendicular to the mounting plane of the cylinder head body.
  • the heat dissipation bridge structure facilitates the strength of the cylinder head after opening the large cross-sectional air cooling passage, especially in the case of a large width, and improves the deformation resistance of the cylinder head; meanwhile, the heat dissipation bridge increases the heat radiation and the conduction area when dissipating heat. , further conducive to heat dissipation.
  • the combustion chamber surface has a spherical structure or a smooth curved surface structure; has a small surface area ratio, increases the squeezing area, thereby increasing the airflow disturbance, improving the working efficiency of the gasoline engine, and achieving the purpose of reducing fuel consumption and emissions.
  • the intake valve axis of the intake valve and the exhaust valve axis of the exhaust valve are perpendicular to the intersection of the combustion chamber face and its intersection point, and are adapted to the direction of the intake and exhaust of the combustion chamber, thereby reducing the resistance and improving the efficiency of the gasoline engine.
  • increasing the power of the gasoline engine the inner end of the seat ring of the intake valve and the inner end of the seat ring of the exhaust valve are shaped to conform to the shape of the combustion chamber surface, thereby reducing interference with intake and exhaust gases, Reduce the resistance, eliminate dead ends and sudden changes in shape, ensure the full combustion of the mixed gas, and improve the efficiency of the gasoline engine.
  • an intake rocker arm and an intake push rod are correspondingly arranged in the intake valve
  • the exhaust valve corresponds to an exhaust rocker arm and an exhaust pusher
  • the connection between the intake valve axis and the exhaust valve axis and the intake air push The line connecting the intake push rod axis of the rod and the exhaust push rod axis of the exhaust push rod intersects between the intake push rod axis and the exhaust push rod axis and the connection between the intake push rod axis and the exhaust push rod axis
  • the angle between the line and the line connecting the axis of the intake valve and the axis of the exhaust valve is 90° ⁇ 20°.
  • the inclined valve structure, the angle between the intake and exhaust valves and the intake and exhaust air passages is smaller than that of the existing structure combustion chamber surface, which facilitates the organization of the intake tumble and the intake vortex in the cylinder, improves the intake efficiency, and increases the cylinder.
  • the air-cooling passage penetrates the cylinder head body in the vertical direction; facilitates the smoothness of the intake and exhaust, and makes the cylinder head air passage arrangement more regular, and facilitates the airflow into the cylinder , forming a tumble flow, accelerating combustion, and improving the working efficiency of the gasoline engine;
  • the air-cooling passage that penetrates up and down is in accordance with the flow direction of the cooling air of the vertical axis engine from the top to the bottom, and does not need to be provided with a separate air guide to achieve a better cooling effect.
  • the intake direction of the intake passage and the exhaust direction of the exhaust passage are both on the horizontal plane, the top of the intake valve is inclined to the intake passage side in the horizontal direction, and the top of the exhaust valve is inclined to the exhaust passage side in the horizontal direction.
  • Horizontal intake and exhaust avoiding the mutual displacement of the intake and exhaust, which is more conducive to the smoothness of the intake and exhaust and the more regular arrangement of the air passage of the cylinder head, and facilitates the flow of air into the cylinder, forming a tumble flow, accelerating combustion, and improving the gasoline engine. Work efficiency.
  • the intake passage is located between the intake push rod and the exhaust push rod, the length of the intake rocker arm is shorter than the length of the exhaust rocker arm, and the resistance arm of the exhaust rocker arm is in the vertical plane to the intake valve axis and The line of the exhaust valve axis is inclined; the structure adopts the inclined valve without changing the arrangement of the original push rod, and the resistance arm of the exhaust rocker arm is inclined inward to adapt to the horizontally arranged intake and exhaust valves; The resistance arm is tilted so that the exhaust push rod drives the exhaust rocker arm without generating additional torque, ensuring flexibility.
  • the angle between the intake valve axis and the exhaust valve axis is 30 or less, ensuring a sufficient inclination angle to ensure smooth intake and exhaust, and also to ensure that the nose region has a sufficient width.
  • the intake rocker arm is disposed on the intake rocker arm seat through the intake rocker arm shaft
  • the exhaust rocker arm is disposed on the exhaust rocker arm seat through the exhaust rocker arm shaft, the intake valve rocker arm axis and the exhaust valve rocker
  • the axis of the arm shaft is at an angle of 45° ⁇ 20° on the vertical plane, which is easy to arrange and can be adapted to the requirements of the rocker arm arrangement.
  • the rocker arm can be arranged reasonably according to the position of the intake and exhaust valves, which is more conducive to ensuring the timing of the valve and ensuring the phase of the valve, thereby improving performance and reducing emissions.
  • the invention also discloses a gasoline engine using an air-cooled universal vertical shaft gasoline engine cylinder head, wherein the gasoline engine comprises the aforementioned air-cooled universal vertical shaft gasoline engine cylinder head.
  • the air-cooled universal vertical shaft gasoline engine cylinder head of the present invention and the gasoline engine having the same are provided with an air cooling passage on the cylinder head body near the nose bridge region, and located between the intake valve and the exhaust valve,
  • the nose bridge area and the intake and exhaust valves have better heat dissipation effect, ensuring the physical properties of the area near the intake and exhaust valves and the nose bridge area without deformation, thereby ensuring the sealing of the intake and exhaust valves, and enabling the gasoline engine to operate stably for a long time. Effectively reduce emissions, increase power, and emit HC+NOx that meets or exceeds US EPA standards.
  • a gasoline engine with a maximum power (3600 rpm) 3.0 kW can increase power to 3.5 kW and discharge by 9.0 g/kW.h. To 8.1g/kW.h; for a gasoline engine with a maximum power of 3.5kW, the power can be increased to 4.0kW, and the emission is reduced from 9.0g/kW.h to 8.1g/kW.h, which meets the EPA3 stage of 10g/kW.
  • the standard of .h It can be seen that the power increase and emission reduction of the gasoline engine of the invention are more obvious, which is beneficial to the protection of the environment.
  • the cylinder head of the present invention is used in a gasoline engine to save energy and reduce consumption.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA of FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA of FIG.
  • the air-cooled universal vertical shaft gasoline engine cylinder head of the present embodiment includes a cylinder head body 1 and a cylinder An intake passage 12 and an exhaust passage 11 of the head body, a heat sink is disposed on an outer surface of the cylinder head body 1, a combustion chamber surface is formed on the inner side of the cylinder head body 1, and an intake valve is disposed on the cylinder head body 1 corresponding to the intake passage 12. 5.
  • the cylinder head body 1 is provided with an exhaust valve 9 corresponding to the exhaust passage 11, and the combustion chamber surface is located between the intake valve 5 and the exhaust valve 9 to form a nose bridge region 14.
  • the cylinder head body 1 is located outside the nose bridge region 14.
  • a through air cooling passage 10 is provided.
  • the top of the intake valve 5 is inclined toward the intake passage 12 side
  • the top of the exhaust valve 9 is inclined toward the exhaust passage 11 side
  • the air-cooling passage 10 is located between the intake valve 5 and the exhaust valve 9
  • the intake valve 9 and the exhaust valve 5 can increase the distance between the intake valve 5 and the exhaust valve 9, increase the distance between the sides of the nose bridge region 14, and make the nose bridge region wider, which is advantageous for the nose bridge region.
  • a rib-shaped heat dissipation bridge 10a is integrally formed in the air-cooling passage 10 integrally with the cylinder head body 1.
  • the rib-shaped heat dissipation bridge 10a is disposed longitudinally in the air-cooling passage 10 and perpendicular to the cylinder.
  • the mounting plane of the head body 1 is arranged.
  • the heat dissipation bridge structure facilitates the strength of the cylinder head after opening the large cross-section air-cooling passage, especially in the case of a large width, and improves the deformation resistance of the cylinder head; meanwhile, the arrangement of the rib-shaped heat dissipation bridge 10a increases the heat dissipation.
  • Thermal radiation and conduction area further facilitate heat dissipation.
  • the combustion chamber face 13 is a spherical structure or a smooth curved structure.
  • the combustion chamber surface 13 is an arched smooth curved surface structure, which is composed of a paraboloid or a hyperboloid, has a small surface area ratio, increases the squeezing area, can increase the airflow disturbance relative to the spherical surface, and improves the working efficiency of the gasoline engine.
  • the intake valve axis and the exhaust valve axis are perpendicular to the intersection of the combustion chamber surface and the intersection point thereof; and the intake and exhaust directions of the combustion chamber are adapted to reduce the resistance, increase the efficiency of the gasoline engine, and increase the power of the gasoline engine.
  • the axis of the intake valve 5 and the axis of the exhaust valve 9 are perpendicular to the intersection of the combustion chamber face 13 and its intersection point, and are adapted to the direction of the intake and exhaust of the combustion chamber, reducing the resistance, improving the efficiency of the gasoline engine, and increasing the gasoline engine.
  • the inner end of the race 5a of the intake valve 5 and the inner end of the race 9a of the exhaust valve 9 are conformed to the combustion chamber face 13; the shape is adapted to the shape, and the inner end of the seat of the intake valve.
  • the shape of the end face of the inner end of the raceway and the exhaust valve is adapted to the shape of the combustion chamber surface, eliminating steps, reducing interference with intake and exhaust, reducing drag, eliminating dead ends and sudden changes in shape, and ensuring sufficient gas mixture. Burning, improve the efficiency of the gasoline engine.
  • the intake valve 5 is correspondingly provided with an intake rocker arm 8 and an intake push rod (not shown), and the exhaust valve 9 is correspondingly provided with an exhaust rocker arm 2 and an exhaust push rod (in the figure) Without identification), the line connecting the intake valve 5 axis and the exhaust valve 9 axis intersects the line of the intake push rod axis and the exhaust push rod axis between the intake push rod axis and the exhaust push rod axis and is clamped
  • the angle ⁇ is 90° ⁇ 20°; in this embodiment, 90° is adopted; since the intake push rod and the exhaust push rod are vertically placed on the intake rocker arm and the exhaust rocker arm, the intake rocker arm and the row are The contact point between the air rocker arm and the intake push rod and the exhaust push rod can reflect the axial position of the intake push rod and the exhaust push rod; in the figure, the intake rocker arm and the exhaust rocker arm and the intake push rod and The angle ⁇ between the line connecting the contact point of the exhaust push rod and the line connecting the axis
  • the contact point can reflect the axial position of the intake push rod and the exhaust push rod; in the figure, the connection between the intake rocker arm 8 and the exhaust rocker arm 2 and the contact point of the intake push rod and the exhaust push rod.
  • the angle between the line connecting the axis of the intake valve 5 and the axis of the exhaust valve 9 is the line connecting the axis of the intake valve 5 and the axis of the exhaust valve 9 with the line connecting the intake push rod axis and the exhaust push rod axis. Angle.
  • the gasoline engine is a vertical axis gasoline engine, the connection line of the intake valve 5 axis and the exhaust valve 9 axis, and the air cooling passage 10 runs up and down; facilitating the smoothness of intake and exhaust and making the air passage of the cylinder head more arranged.
  • the rules are conducive to the flow of air into the cylinder, forming a tumble flow, accelerating combustion, and improving the working efficiency of the gasoline engine; the air-cooling passages that pass through the upper and lower shafts conform to the flow direction of the vertical axis engine cooling wind from the top to the bottom, without the need to provide a separate guide air, Better cooling effect.
  • the intake direction of the intake passage 12 and the exhaust direction of the exhaust passage 11 are both in a horizontal plane, the top of the intake valve 5 is inclined toward the intake passage 12 side in the horizontal direction, and the top of the exhaust valve 9 is in the horizontal direction.
  • intake passage 12 is located between the intake push rod and the exhaust push rod, the length of the intake rocker arm 8 is shorter than the length of the exhaust rocker arm 2, the exhaust rocker arm 2
  • the resistance arm is inclined in a vertical plane to the line connecting the axis of the intake valve 5 and the axis of the exhaust valve 9; since the (intake or exhaust) rocker arm is a lever structure, the rocker arm shaft is used as a fulcrum for driving the valve Part of the resistance arm, the part that cooperates with the push rod is the power arm; the structure adopts the inclined valve and does not need to change the arrangement of the original push rod, and the resistance arm of the exhaust rocker arm is inclined inward to adapt to the
  • the angle ⁇ between the axis of the intake valve 5 and the axis of the exhaust valve 9 is less than or equal to 30°, which is 30° in this embodiment; ensuring sufficient inclination angle and facilitating arrangement to ensure intake and exhaust
  • the air is smooth, and at the same time, the nose bridge region 14 is also ensured to have a sufficient width.
  • the intake rocker arm 8 is disposed on the intake rocker arm seat 6 through the intake rocker arm shaft 7, and the exhaust rocker arm 2 is disposed on the exhaust rocker arm seat 4 through the exhaust rocker arm shaft 3; the intake valve rocker arm shaft 7 axis
  • the angle ⁇ of the axis of the exhaust valve rocker shaft 3 is 45° ⁇ 20° in the vertical plane, which is 45° in this embodiment; it is easy to arrange, and can be adapted to the needs of the rocker arm arrangement, avoiding the push rod driving shake
  • the arm generates additional torque, which is beneficial to ensure the coordination, sealing and flexible driving of the rocker to move the valve; the rocker arm can be arranged reasonably according to the position of the intake and exhaust valves, which is more conducive to ensuring valve timing and ensuring the valve phase, thereby improving Performance and reduced emissions.
  • the invention also discloses a gasoline engine using an air-cooled universal vertical axis gasoline engine cylinder head, the air-cooled universal vertical shaft gasoline engine cylinder head is installed on a gasoline engine; other structural forms can be used for general machinery, general machinery including lawn mower, pump , fans, compressors, gearshifts, generators, etc.
  • the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to be limiting, and the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments. Modifications or equivalents are intended to be included within the scope of the appended claims.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Cylinder Crankcases Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)

Description

风冷型通用垂直轴汽油机缸头及具有其的汽油机 技术领域 本发明涉及一种动力机部件及其应用， 特别涉及一种风冷型通用垂直轴汽油机缸 头及具有其的汽油机。 背景技术 汽油机是用汽油作燃料的一种动力机械。 由气缸、 曲柄连杆机构、 配气系统、 供 油系统、 润滑系统和点火系统等部分组成； 气缸头设置有进气通道和排气通道， 并与 气缸共同组成燃烧室， 因而， 属于汽油机较为重要的部件。 汽油作为燃料与空气的混 合物在燃烧室内燃烧， 产生大量的热量， 用于作为驱动能量。 热量不可避免的影响着 缸头的力学性能， 特别是对于进气门和排气门周围的局部区域来说， 如果不能及时散 热， 则会导致该区域发生热变形， 影响进气门和排气门的密封， 从而影响正常进气和 排气， 导致汽油机工作状态变差， 降低动力功率和影响排放。 现有技术中， 缸头的散热措施普遍采用在外表面设有散热片， 燃烧室内的热量通 过缸头传导至散热片， 利用空气对流带走热量， 达到散热的目的。 由于进排气门之间 位于燃烧室面形成的鼻梁区距离缸头表面较远， 散热片并不能及时带走大部分热量， 汽油机长时间运行后， 会发生上述提到的热变形， 影响汽油机功率和排放。 因此， 需要对汽油机缸头进行改进， 使鼻梁区和进排气门具有较好的散热效果， 从而保证进排气门和鼻梁区附近区域的物理性能而不发生变形，保证进排气门的密封， 从而使汽油机能够长时间稳定运行， 有效地降低排放、 提高功率。 发明内容 有鉴于此， 本发明提供一种风冷型通用垂直轴汽油机缸头及具有其的汽油机， 使 鼻梁区和进排气门具有较好的散热效果， 从而保证进排气门和鼻梁区附近区域的物理 性能而不发生变形， 保证进排气门的密封， 从而使汽油机能够长时间稳定运行， 有效 地降低排放、 提高功率。 本发明的风冷型通用垂直轴汽油机缸头， 包括缸头本体和设置于缸头本体上的进 气通道及排气通道， 缸头本体外表面设有散热片， 缸头本体内侧形成燃烧室面， 缸头 本体上与进气通道对应地设有进气门， 缸头本体上与排气通道对应地设有排气门， 其 特征在于： 燃烧室面在进气门和排气门之间形成鼻梁区， 鼻梁区的外侧设有贯通的风 冷通道。 进一步， 进气门顶部向进气通道侧倾斜， 排气门顶部向排气通道侧倾斜， 风冷通 道位于进气门和排气门之间。 倾斜设置的进气门和排气门， 可使进气门和排气门之间 的距离增大， 不但增大了鼻梁区之间的距离， 使鼻梁区更宽， 利于冷却， 增加抗变形 能力， 极大的提高了鼻梁区的冷却效果， 减小了缸头在高温下的变形， 提高了可靠性; 同时， 还使风冷通道的横截面积更大， 更利于冷却风的通过， 从而使冷却效果更佳。 进一步， 风冷通道内设置有与缸头本体一体成型的肋状散热桥， 肋状散热桥沿纵 向设置于风冷通道内且垂直于缸头本体的安装平面设置。 散热桥结构利于在开通大横 截面风冷通道后保证缸头的强度，特别是宽度较大的情况下，提高缸头的抗变形能力； 同时， 散热桥增加了散热时的热辐射和传导面积， 进一步利于散热。 进一步， 燃烧室面为球面结构或者平滑曲面结构； 具有较小的面容比， 增加挤气 区域， 从而增大气流扰动， 提高汽油机工作效率， 达到降低燃油消耗和排放的目的。 进一步， 进气门的进气门轴线和排气门的排气门轴线分别垂直于燃烧室面与其相 交点的切面， 与燃烧室的进排气方向相适应， 能够减小阻力， 提高汽油机效率， 增加 汽油机的动力性； 进气门的座圈内侧的端部和排气门的座圈内侧端部形状与燃烧室面 的形状相适形， 能够减小对进气和排气的干扰， 降低阻力， 消除死角和形状突变， 保 证混合气体的充分燃烧， 提高汽油机效率。 进一步， 进气门内对应地设置进气摇臂和进气推杆， 排气门对应设置排气摇臂和 排气推杆， 进气门轴线和排气门轴线的连线与进气推杆的进气推杆轴线和排气推杆的 排气推杆轴线的连线相交于进气推杆轴线和排气推杆轴线之间且进气推杆轴线和排气 推杆轴线的连线与进气门轴线和排气门的轴线的连线之间的夹角为 90°±20°。 在缸头 本体上形成三角形安装区域， 占有较小的布置面积， 便于其它部件的布置， 并不改变 现有的推杆的布置， 特别是对于垂直轴汽油机来说， 能够实现下置凸轮轴的斜置气门 结构， 进排气门与进排气气道之间的夹角比现有结构燃烧室面小， 便于在气缸内组织 进气滚流和进气涡流， 提高进气效率， 增加缸内气流扰动， 加快燃烧， 提高汽油机功 率； 减小进排气的阻力， 使进排气更顺畅， 利于提高汽油机功率， 降低燃油消耗， 降 低尾气排放； 特别是具有较大的夹角， 最大化的减小占用面积， 使化油器的部件更容 易布置， 并使缸头轻量化； 本结构结构简单， 制作容易实现标准化， 进气门轴线和排 气门轴线的连线位于进气推杆和排气推杆之间， 便于布置进气通道， 实现进气、 排气 的阻力最小化， 提高汽油机性能； 便于布置化油器 /空滤器等零件，降低改造成本。 进一步， 进气门轴线和排气门轴线的连线水平， 风冷通道沿竖直方向贯通缸头本 体； 利于进排气的顺畅并使缸头气道布置更为规则， 且利于气流进入气缸， 形成滚流， 加快燃烧， 提高汽油机工作效率； 上下贯通的风冷通道符合垂直轴发动机冷却风从上 向下吹的流向， 不需设置单独的导风， 可达到较好的冷却效果。 进一步， 进气通道的进气方向和排气通道的排气方向均位于水平面上， 进气门的 顶部沿水平方向向进气通道侧倾斜， 排气门顶部沿水平方向向排气通道侧倾斜。 水平 方向进气和排气， 避免进气和排气相互错开， 更利于进排气的顺畅并使缸头气道布置 更为规则， 且利于气流进入气缸， 形成滚流， 加快燃烧， 提高汽油机工作效率。 进一步， 进气通道位于进气推杆和排气推杆之间， 进气摇臂的长度短于排气摇臂 的长度， 排气摇臂的阻力臂在竖直平面内向进气门轴线和排气门轴线的连线倾斜； 该 结构采用斜置气门并不需改变原有推杆的布置结构， 排气摇臂的阻力臂向内倾斜能够 适应于呈水平布置的进排气门； 并且， 阻力臂倾斜， 使得排气推杆驱动排气摇臂不产 生附加力矩， 保证其灵活性。 进一步， 进气门轴线和排气门轴线之间的夹角小于等于 30°， 保证具有足够的倾 斜角度， 保证进气和排气的顺畅， 同时， 也保证鼻梁区具有足够的宽度。 进一步， 进气摇臂通过进气摇臂轴设置于进气摇臂座， 排气摇臂通过排气摇臂轴 设置于排气摇臂座， 进气门摇臂轴轴线与排气门摇臂轴轴线在竖直平面上呈 45°±20° 的夹角， 便于布置， 且能够适应于摇臂布置的需求， 避免推杆驱动摇臂产生附加力矩， 利于保证摇臂带动气门动作的协调性、 密封性和灵活驱动； 可以根据进排气门的位置 来合理布置摇臂,更利于保证气门正时，保证配气相位,从而提高性能和降低排放。 本发明还公开了一种应用风冷型通用垂直轴汽油机缸头的汽油机， 所述安装于汽 油机包括前述的风冷型通用垂直轴汽油机缸头。 本发明的有益效果： 本发明的风冷型通用垂直轴汽油机缸头及具有其的汽油机， 在缸头本体上靠近鼻梁区设置风冷通道， 且位于进气门和排气门之间， 使鼻梁区和进 排气门具有较好的散热效果， 保证进排气门和鼻梁区附近区域的物理性能而不发生变 形， 从而保证进排气门的密封性， 使汽油机能够长时间稳定运行， 有效地降低排放、 提高功率，排放的 HC+NOx达到甚至超过美国 EPA标准， 以最大功率 (转速 3600rpm) 3.0kW的汽油机为例， 功率可提高到 3.5kW， 排放由 9.0g/kW.h降低到 8.1g/kW.h; 以 最大功率由 3.5kW的汽油机为例， 功率可提高到了 4.0kW， 排放由 9.0g/kW.h降低到 8.1g/kW.h， 均满足 EPA3阶段 10g/kW.h的标准； 由此可见， 本发明的汽油机功率提高 和排放降低较为明显， 利于保护环境。 本发明的缸头用于汽油机， 节约能源、 降低消耗。 附图说明 下面结合附图和实施例对本发明作进一步描述。 图 1为本发明的结构示意图； 图 2为图 1沿 A-A向剖视图。 具体实施方式 图 1为本发明的结构示意图， 图 2为图 1沿 A-A向剖视图， 如图所示： 本实施例 的风冷型通用垂直轴汽油机缸头， 包括缸头本体 1 和设置于缸头本体的进气通道 12 及排气通道 11， 缸头本体 1外表面设有散热片， 缸头本体 1内侧形成燃烧室面， 缸头 本体 1上与进气通道 12对应设有进气门 5， 缸头本体 1上与排气通道 11对应设有排 气门 9， 燃烧室面位于进气门 5和排气门 9之间形成鼻梁区 14， 缸头本体 1上位于鼻 梁区 14外侧设有贯通的风冷通道 10。 本实施例中， 进气门 5顶部向进气通道 12侧倾斜， 排气门 9顶部向排气通道 11 侧倾斜；风冷通道 10位于进气门 5和排气门 9之间；倾斜设置的进气门 9和排气门 5， 可使进气门 5和排气门 9之间的距离增大，增大了鼻梁区 14两侧边之间的距离， 使鼻 梁区更宽， 利于冷却， 增加抗变形能力， 极大的提高了鼻梁区的冷却效果， 减小了缸 头在高温下的变形， 提高了可靠性； 同时， 倾斜设置的进气门 9和排气门 5还使风冷 通道的横截面积更大， 更利于冷却风的通过， 从而使冷却效果更佳； 倾斜设置的进气 门 9和排气门 5， 还缩短了进气和排气长度， 进一步降低总阻力， 增加汽油机功率和 动力， 降低排放。 本实施例中， 如图 2所示，风冷通道 10内与缸头本体 1一体成型地设有肋状散热 桥 10a， 肋状散热桥 10a沿纵向设置于风冷通道 10内且垂直于缸头本体 1的安装平面 设置。 散热桥结构利于在开通大横截面风冷通道后保证缸头的强度， 特别是宽度较大 的情况下， 提高缸头的抗变形能力； 同时， 肋状散热桥 10a的设置增加了散热时的热 辐射和传导面积， 进一步利于散热。 优选地， 燃烧室面 13为球面结构或者平滑曲面结构。 本实施例中燃烧室面 13为 拱形平滑曲面结构， 由抛物面或双曲面组成， 具有较小的面容比， 增加挤气区域， 相 对于球面来说， 能增大气流扰动， 提高汽油机工作效率， 达到降低燃油消耗和排放的 目的。 进气门轴线和排气门轴线分别垂直于燃烧室面与其相交点的切面； 与燃烧室的 进排气方向相适应， 减小阻力， 提高汽油机效率， 增加汽油机的动力性。 本实施例中，进气门 5轴线和排气门 9轴线分别垂直于燃烧室面 13与其相交点的 切面， 与燃烧室的进排气方向相适应， 减小阻力， 提高汽油机效率， 增加汽油机的动 力性；进气门 5的座圈 5a内侧端部和排气门 9的座圈 9a内侧端部与燃烧室面 13相适 形； 适形即适应形状， 进气门的座圈内侧端部和排气门的座圈内侧端部的端面形状与 燃烧室面形状相适应， 消除台阶， 减小对进气和排气的干扰， 降低阻力， 消除死角和 形状突变， 保证混合气体的充分燃烧， 提高汽油机效率。 本实施例中， 进气门 5内对应地设置有进气摇臂 8和进气推杆 （图中没有标识）， 排气门 9对应设置排气摇臂 2和排气推杆（图中没有标识）， 进气门 5轴线和排气门 9 轴线的连线与进气推杆轴线和排气推杆轴线的连线相交于进气推杆轴线和排气推杆轴 线之间且夹角 α为 90°±20°； 本实施例中采用 90°; 由于进气推杆和排气推杆均垂直顶 在进气摇臂和排气摇臂上， 因而， 进气摇臂和排气摇臂与进气推杆和排气推杆的接触 点即能反映出进气推杆和排气推杆的轴线位置； 图中进气摇臂和排气摇臂与进气推杆 和排气推杆的接触点的连线与进气门 5轴线和排气门 9轴线的连线的夹角 α， 即为进 气门 5轴线和排气门 9轴线的连线与进气推杆轴线和排气推杆轴线的连线的夹角； 该 结构在缸头本体上形成三角形安装区域， 占有较小的布置面积，便于其它部件的布置， 并不改变现有的推杆的布置， 特别是对于垂直轴汽油机来说， 能够实现下置凸轮轴的 斜置气门结构， 进排气门与进排气气道之间的夹角比现有结构燃烧室面小， 便于在气 缸内组织进气滚流和进气涡流， 提高进气效率， 增加缸内气流扰动， 加快燃烧， 提高 汽油机功率； 减小进排气的阻力， 使进排气更顺畅， 利于提高汽油机功率， 降低燃油 消耗， 降低尾气排放； 特别是具有较大的夹角， 最大化的减小占用面积， 使化油器的 部件更容易布置， 并使缸头轻量化； 本结构结构简单， 制作容易实现标准化， 进气门 轴线和排气门轴线的连线位于进气推杆和排气推杆之间， 便于布置进气通道， 实现进 气、排气的阻力最小化， 提高汽油机性能； 便于布置化油器 /空滤器等零件，降低改造成 本。 由于进气推杆和排气推杆分别垂直顶在进气摇臂 8和排气摇臂 2上， 因而， 进气 摇臂 8和排气摇臂 2与进气推杆和排气推杆的接触点即能反映出进气推杆和排气推杆 的轴线位置； 图中进气摇臂 8和排气摇臂 2与进气推杆和排气推杆的接触点的连线与 进气门 5轴线和排气门 9轴线的连线的夹角， 即为进气门 5轴线和排气门 9轴线的连 线与进气推杆轴线和排气推杆轴线的连线的夹角。 本实施例中，汽油机为垂直轴汽油机，进气门 5轴线和排气门 9轴线的连线水平， 风冷通道 10沿上下贯通； 利于进排气的顺畅并使缸头气道布置更为规则， 且利于气流 进入气缸， 形成滚流， 加快燃烧， 提高汽油机工作效率； 上下贯通的风冷通道符合垂 直轴发动机冷却风从上向下吹的流向， 不需设置单独的导风，可达到较好的冷却效果。 本实施例中， 进气通道 12的进气方向和排气通道 11的排气方向均位于水平面， 进气门 5顶部沿水平方向向进气通道 12侧倾斜，排气门 9顶部沿水平方向向排气通道 11侧倾斜； 水平方向进气和排气， 避免进气和排气相互错开， 更利于进排气的顺畅并 使缸头气道布置更为规则， 且利于气流进入气缸， 形成滚流， 加快燃烧， 提高汽油机 工作效率； 进气通道 12位于进气推杆和排气推杆之间， 进气摇臂 8 的长度短于排气摇臂 2 的长度， 排气摇臂 2的阻力臂在竖直平面内向进气门 5轴线和排气门 9轴线的连线倾 斜； 由于 （进气或者排气） 摇臂为杠杆结构， 以摇臂轴为支点， 用于驱动气门的部分 为阻力臂， 与推杆配合的部分为动力臂； 该结构采用斜置气门并不需改变原有推杆的 布置结构， 排气摇臂的阻力臂向内倾斜能够适应于呈水平布置的进排气门； 并且， 阻 力臂倾斜， 使得排气推杆驱动排气摇臂不产生附加力矩， 保证其灵活性。 本实施例中， 进气门 5轴线和排气门 9轴线之间的夹角 β小于等于 30°， 本实施 例中为 30°; 保证具有足够的倾斜角度并利于布置， 保证进气和排气的顺畅， 同时， 也保证鼻梁区 14具有足够的宽度。 进气摇臂 8通过进气摇臂轴 7设置于进气摇臂座 6，排气摇臂 2通过排气摇臂轴 3 设置于排气摇臂座 4 ; 进气门摇臂轴 7 轴线与排气门摇臂轴 3 轴线在竖直平面呈 45°±20°的夹角 δ， 本实施例中采用 45°; 便于布置， 且能够适应于摇臂布置的需求， 避免推杆驱动摇臂产生附加力矩， 利于保证摇臂带动气门动作的协调性、 密封性和灵 活驱动；可以根据进排气门的位置来合理布置摇臂,更利于保证气门正时，保证配气相位, 从而提高性能和降低排放。 本发明还公开了一种应用风冷型通用垂直轴汽油机缸头的汽油机， 该风冷型通用 垂直轴汽油机缸头安装于汽油机； 其他结构形式可用于通用机械， 通用机械包括割草 机、 泵、 风机、 压缩机、 减变速机、 发电机等等。 最后说明的是， 以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非限制， 尽管参照较 佳实施例对本发明进行了详细说明， 本领域的普通技术人员应当理解， 可以对本发明 的技术方案进行修改或者等同替换， 而不脱离本发明技术方案的宗旨和范围， 其均应 涵盖在本发明的权利要求范围当中。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1. 一种风冷型通用垂直轴汽油机缸头， 包括缸头本体和设置于所述缸头本体上的 进气通道及排气通道， 所述缸头本体外表面设有散热片， 所述缸头本体内侧形 成燃烧室面， 所述缸头本体上与所述进气通道对应地设有进气门， 所述缸头本 体上与所述排气通道对应地设有排气门， 其特征在于： 所述燃烧室面在所述进 气门和所述排气门之间形成鼻梁区， 所述鼻梁区的外侧设有贯通的风冷通道。
2. 根据权利要求 1所述的风冷型通用垂直轴汽油机缸头， 其特征在于： 所述进气 门顶部向所述进气通道侧倾斜， 所述排气门顶部向所述排气通道侧倾斜， 所述 风冷通道位于进气门和排气门之间。
3. 根据权利要求 2所述的风冷型通用垂直轴汽油机缸头， 其特征在于： 所述风冷 通道内设置有与所述缸头本体一体成型的肋状散热桥， 所述肋状散热桥沿纵向 设置于所述风冷通道内且垂直于所述缸头本体的安装平面设置。
4. 根据权利要求 3所述的风冷型通用垂直轴汽油机缸头， 其特征在于： 所述燃烧 室面为球面结构或者平滑曲面结构。
5. 根据权利要求 4所述的风冷型通用垂直轴汽油机缸头， 其特征在于： 所述进气 门的进气门轴线和所述排气门的排气门轴线分别垂直于所述燃烧室面与其相交 点的切面， 且所述进气门的座圈内侧的端部的形状和所述排气门的座圈内侧的 端部形状与所述燃烧室面的形状相适形。
6. 根据权利要求 5所述的风冷型通用垂直轴汽油机缸头， 其特征在于： 所述进气 门内对应地设置有进气摇臂和进气推杆， 所述排气门对应设置排气摇臂和排气 推杆， 所述进气门轴线和所述排气门轴线的连线与所述进气推杆的进气推杆轴 线和所述排气推杆的排气推杆轴线的连线相交于所述进气推杆轴线和所述排气 推杆轴线之间， 且所述进气推杆轴线和所述排气推杆轴线的连线与所述进气门 轴线和所述排气门的轴线的连线之间的夹角为 90°±20°。
7. 根据权利要求 6所述的风冷型通用垂直轴汽油机缸头， 其特征在于： 所述进气 门轴线和排气门轴线的连线水平，所述风冷通道沿竖直方向贯通所述缸头本体。
8. 根据权利要求 7所述的风冷型通用垂直轴汽油机缸头， 其特征在于： 所述进气 通道的进气方向和所述排气通道的排气方向均位于水平面上， 所述进气门的顶 部沿水平方向向所述进气通道侧倾斜， 所述排气门顶部沿水平方向向所述排气 通道侧倾斜。
9. 根据权利要求 8所述的风冷型通用垂直轴汽油机缸头， 其特征在于： 所述进气 通道位于所述进气推杆和所述排气推杆之间， 所述进气摇臂的长度短于所述排 气摇臂的长度。
10. 根据权利要求 8所述的风冷型通用垂直轴汽油机缸头， 其特征在于： 所述进气 门轴线和所述排气门轴线之间的夹角小于等于 30°。
11. 根据权利要求 9或 10所述的风冷型通用垂直轴汽油机缸头，其特征在于：所述 进气摇臂通过进气摇臂轴设置于进气摇臂座， 排气摇臂通过排气摇臂轴设置于 排气摇臂座， 进气门摇臂轴轴线与排气门摇臂轴轴线在竖直平面上呈 45°±20° 的夹角。
12. 根据权利要求 1所述的风冷型通用垂直轴汽油机缸头， 其特征在于： 所述进气 门内对应地设置有进气摇臂和进气推杆， 所述排气门对应设置排气摇臂和排气 推杆， 所述进气门轴线和所述排气门轴线的连线与所述进气推杆的进气推杆轴 线和所述排气推杆的排气推杆轴线的连线相交于所述进气推杆轴线和所述排气 推杆轴线之间， 且所述进气推杆轴线和所述排气推杆轴线的连线与所述进气门 轴线和所述排气门的轴线的连线之间的夹角为 90°±20°。
13. 一种汽油机，其特征在于：所说汽油机包括权利要求 1至 12中任一项所述的风 冷型通用垂直轴汽油机缸头。
PCT/CN2011/082482 2011-03-14 2011-11-18 风冷型通用垂直轴汽油机缸头及具有其的汽油机 WO2012122819A1 (zh)

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