Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
  • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PREPARATION OR TREATMENT THEREOF
  • A23L27/00—Spices; Flavouring agents or condiments; Artificial sweetening agents; Table salts; Dietetic salt substitutes; Preparation or treatment thereof
  • A23L27/20—Synthetic spices, flavouring agents or condiments
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
  • A23G—COCOA; COCOA PRODUCTS, e.g. CHOCOLATE; SUBSTITUTES FOR COCOA OR COCOA PRODUCTS; CONFECTIONERY; CHEWING GUM; ICE-CREAM; PREPARATION THEREOF
  • A23G4/00—Chewing gum
  • A23G4/06—Chewing gum characterised by the composition containing organic or inorganic compounds
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
  • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PREPARATION OR TREATMENT THEREOF
  • A23L2/00—Non-alcoholic beverages; Dry compositions or concentrates therefor; Preparation or treatment thereof
  • A23L2/52—Adding ingredients
  • A23L2/56—Flavouring or bittering agents
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
  • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PREPARATION OR TREATMENT THEREOF
  • A23L27/00—Spices; Flavouring agents or condiments; Artificial sweetening agents; Table salts; Dietetic salt substitutes; Preparation or treatment thereof
  • A23L27/10—Natural spices, flavouring agents or condiments; Extracts thereof
  • A23L27/12—Natural spices, flavouring agents or condiments; Extracts thereof from fruit, e.g. essential oils
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
  • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PREPARATION OR TREATMENT THEREOF
  • A23L27/00—Spices; Flavouring agents or condiments; Artificial sweetening agents; Table salts; Dietetic salt substitutes; Preparation or treatment thereof
  • A23L27/20—Synthetic spices, flavouring agents or condiments
  • A23L27/202—Aliphatic compounds
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
  • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PREPARATION OR TREATMENT THEREOF
  • A23L27/00—Spices; Flavouring agents or condiments; Artificial sweetening agents; Table salts; Dietetic salt substitutes; Preparation or treatment thereof
  • A23L27/20—Synthetic spices, flavouring agents or condiments
  • A23L27/202—Aliphatic compounds
  • A23L27/2022—Aliphatic compounds containing sulfur
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
  • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PREPARATION OR TREATMENT THEREOF
  • A23L27/00—Spices; Flavouring agents or condiments; Artificial sweetening agents; Table salts; Dietetic salt substitutes; Preparation or treatment thereof
  • A23L27/70—Fixation, conservation, or encapsulation of flavouring agents
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
  • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PREPARATION OR TREATMENT THEREOF
  • A23L5/00—Preparation or treatment of foods or foodstuffs, in general; Food or foodstuffs obtained thereby; Materials therefor
  • A23L5/51—Concentration
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
  • A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
  • A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs

Definitions

• Spray drying is a common industrial method for drying liquid solutions or slurries by spraying into a stream of hot gas. It is a rapid, one-step process for converting the feed liquid into a powder. Usually the drying gas is air, but nitrogen can also be used for special products needing oxygen-free conditions.
• the most common feed materials are aqueous-based solutions, emulsions and suspensions, where water is evaporated in the dryer.
• the liquid feed is fed to an atomizer, which is a device that breaks up the liquid stream into tiny droplets. This atomization takes place within the drying chamber so that the droplets are immediately exposed to hot air that initiates rapid moisture evaporation.
• the droplets become small particles of powder as the moisture is evaporated and they fall to the bottom of the drying chamber.
• Pressure nozzles, rotary disks, two-fluid nozzles, and the like are used as the atomizing unit.
• the mean particle size (diameter) of the resulting dry powder is IFF0049WO PATENT about 20 pm to 500 ⁇ , and the drying time is as short as 5 to 30 seconds (see, Handbook of Chemistry and Engineering (1999) revised sixth edition, Maruzen Corporation, p. 770, p. 780).
• a four-fluid nozzle has also been developed, which has enabled mass-scale spray drying with a liquid droplet having a mean particle size of several micrometers.
• the spray drying method is used in many cases of mass scale production.
• a solution or slurry is fed at a fast feed rate into a spray dryer, while the inlet temperature of the spray dryer and the outlet temperature thereof are elevated as high as possible, to dry the slurry at a high speed.
• milk is dried at an inlet temperature of the spray dryer of 150 to 250°C and yeast is dried at the inlet temperature of 300 to 350°C. Drying at such high temperatures may negatively impact the flavor of the raw material itself and produce a dry powder with a burned odor.
• spray drying at a low temperature to avoid these disadvantages can increase process times and costs. See US 2005/0031769 and US Patent No. 6,482,433.
• Spray-dried encapsulated flavors are created during the drying process when the aqueous carrier slurry forms a shell around the normally oil-based flavor core.
• a thin film of carrier material rapidly forms around the atomized droplet and selectively allows water to evaporate while retaining the flavor oil (Thijssen & Rulkens (1968) De Ingenieur 80:45-56).
• the shell protects the core against deterioration and volatile evaporation, but also allows the core to be released under desired conditions, for example, dissolution in water.
• the present invention is a spray-dried flavor composition containing a spray-dried flavor that has volatile compounds, wherein the volatile compounds are present in an amount that is at least 20% of the volatile compounds originally contained in the flavor.
• the invention also provides a spray-dried flavor composition produced by spray drying a flavor that contains volatile compounds in a spray dryer having an inlet temperature of less than 100°C and an air inlet dew point - 10°C to 5°C, wherein the volatile compounds are present in the spray-dried flavor composition in an amount that is at least 20% of the volatile compounds originally contained in the flavor.
• the invention also provides a stable spray-dried flavor composition produced by spray drying a flavor that that contains volatile compounds in a spray dryer having an inlet temperature of less than 100°C and an air inlet dew point -10 °C to 5°C, wherein the volatile compounds are present in the spray-dried flavor composition in an amount that is at least 20% of the volatile compounds originally contained in the flavor.
• a method for producing a spray-dried composition capable of retaining volatile compounds is also embraced by the present invention.
• a flavor containing volatile compounds is spray dried in a spray dryer having an inlet temperature of less than 100°C IFF0049WO PATENT and an air inlet dew point -10°C to 5°C to obtain a spray- dried flavor composition, wherein the volatile compounds are present in the spray-dried flavor composition in an amount that is at least 20% of the volatile compounds originally contained in the flavor.
• the spray-dried composition may be subjected to an additional drying step in a fluid-bed chamber attached at the spray dryer outlet, wherein the temperature of the air of the fluid-bed unit is at or below the outlet temperature of the spray dryer.
• the volatile compounds are acetaldehydes , dimethyl sulfides, ethyl acetates, ethyl propionates, methyl butyrates, or ethyl butyrates.
• the volatile compounds have a boiling point of less than 200°C, less than 100°C, or less than 60°C.
• the composition fed to the dryer may further include a carrier material and/or a solvent, such as a volatile solvent, wherein the flavor and carrier comprise 40% and 70% as dry solid material of the total composition.
• a dry solid material is defined as a combination of carrier and flavor materials.
• the flavor is prepared as an emulsion and the volatile compounds are present in the emulsion in an amount that is at least 80% of the volatile compounds originally contained in the flavor.
• Still further embodiments include the use of nitrogen or carbon dioxide in the spray dryer.
• the air inlet temperature is in the range of 40 °C to 99°C. Flavor compositions with a water activity in the range of 0.1 to 0.6 and high intensity flavor IFF0049WO PATENT compositions and their use in, e.g., a chewing gum or beverage are also provided.
• Figure 5 is a diagram of dryer airflow used in the production of the instant composition.
• the invention also provides a stable spray-dried flavor composition produced by spray drying a flavor that that contains volatile compounds in a spray dryer having an inlet temperature of less than 100°C and an air inlet dew point -10 °C to 5°C, wherein the volatile compounds are present in the spray-dried flavor composition in an amount that is at least 20% of the volatile compounds originally contained in the flavor.
• stability is defined as a flavor quality and intensity that remains acceptable for use in end use applications.
• a stable spray-dried flavor composition has a shelf-life of up to three years depending on storage conditions. Consumer data, as demonstrated in the examples herein, showed statistically significant preference for the flavors composition of the present invention.
• the consumer preferred quality of the flavor composition is further supported by the attributes selected by consumers to describe the flavor quality of the prototypes.
• the present invention is a spray-dried flavor composition and a method for producing such a composition.
• a spray-dried flavor composition containing one or more IFF0049WO PATENT volatile compounds is produced by spray drying a flavor in a spray dryer with an inlet temperature of less than 100°C and a dew point -10 °C to 5°C so that a dry powder is obtained.
• the resulting spray-dried composition is further dried in a fluidized bed.
• the spray-dried flavor composition retains at least 20% of the volatile compounds originally contained in the flavor.
• a flavor of the invention is a flavor that contains one or more volatile compounds.
• flavors can be used in accordance with the present invention.
• Flavor may be chosen from synthetic flavor and flavoring aromatics, and/or oils, oleo resins and oil extracts derived from plants, leaves, flowers, fruits, and combinations thereof.
• Representative flavor oils include, but are not limited to, spearmint oil, cinnamon oil, peppermint oil, clove oil, bay oil, thyme oil, cedar leaf oil, oil of nutmeg, oil of sage, and oil of bitter almonds.
• artificial, natural or synthetic fruit flavors such as vanilla, chocolate, coffee, cocoa and citrus oil, including lemon, orange, grape, lime and grapefruit, and fruit essences including apple, pear, peach, strawberry, raspberry, cherry, plum, pineapple, apricot and so forth. These flavors can be used individually or in admixture.
• the volatile compounds of the instant flavor may include, but are not limited to, acetaldehyde, dimethyl sulfide, ethyl acetate, ethyl propionate, methyl butyrate, and ethyl butyrate.
• Flavors containing volatile aldehydes or esters include, e.g., cinnamyl acetate, cinnamaldehyde, citral, diethylacetal , dihydrocarvyl acetate, eugenyl formate, and p-methylanisole .
• the instant invention is particularly useful in processing flavors with volatile compounds having a boiling point of less than 200°C, less than' 150°C, less than 120°C, less than 100°C, less than 80°C, less than 60°C, less than 40°C, less than 20°C, or less than 0°C.
• flavors with volatile compounds having a boiling point of less than 200°C, less than' 150°C, less than 120°C, less than 100°C, less than 80°C, less than 60°C, less than 40°C, less than 20°C, or less than 0°C.
• the invention further includes the use of a carrier material to enhance processing productivity and flavor intensity.
• a carrier material can include any sugar, sugar derivatives, modified starch, proteins, celluloses, salts, dextrins, gums, sugar alcohols, polyols, peptides, acids, carbohydrates or hydrocolloids .
• suitable materials include sugars such as sucrose, glucose, lactose, levulose, trehalose, fructose, maltose, ribose, dextrose, isomalt, sorbitol, mannitol, xylitol, lactitol, maltitol, pentatol, arabinose, pentose, xylose, galactose; hydrogenated starch hydrolysates ; maltodextrins or.
• sugars such as sucrose, glucose, lactose, levulose, trehalose, fructose, maltose, ribose, dextrose, isomalt, sorbitol, mannitol, xylitol, lactitol, maltitol, pentatol, arabinose, pentose, xylose, galactose; hydrogenated starch hydrolysates ; maltodextrin
• dextrins soluble fiber
• hydrocolloids such as agar or carrageenan
• gums polydextrose
• proteins such as soy and whey protein isolates and hydrolyzates, and sodium caseinates
• derivatives and mixtures thereof The carrier can be selected based upon, amongst other factors, the desired flavor, authentic taste and intensity to be achieved.
• the flavor and optional carrier material are dissolved or emulsified in a solvent and subsequently spray-dried.
• the solvent is water. In other embodiments, the solvent is not water.
• the solvent is a volatile solvent. In still other embodiments, the solvent is a IFF0049WO PATENT mixture of water and a volatile solvent.
• a volatile solvent is a nonaqueous liquid with solvent properties with the characteristic of evaporating readily at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. Volatile solvents of particular use in accordance with the present invention include, but are not limited to, ethanol, ethyl acetate, acetone.
• Flavor emulsions can be prepared according to standard preparation procedures. Briefly, the practice involves dispersing and dissolving the dry carrier materials in solvent until free of lumps. When using water as the solvent, it may be desirable to warm the water (e.g., to approximately 50°C) prior to adding the carrier material. The flavor is then added under constant agitation until a homogeneous mixture is obtained. The emulsion may be further subjected to high shear or homogenized to reduce oil droplet size prior to spray drying.
• the emulsion contains between 40% and 70% dry solid material (including the flavor) , or more preferably between 55% and 65% dry solid material (including the flavor) .
• the amount of dry solid material can be adjusted by using more or less water depending on the solubility of the carrier material and various factors related to efficient operation of the spray dryer. For example, the type and amount of carrier, amount of water, and/or amount of flavor can be adjusted so that the resulting emulsion has a viscosity suitable for feeding into a spray dryer to provide liquid droplets having a mean particle size (mean volume diameter) of between 10 ⁇ and 200 ⁇ .
• the viscosity of the feed slurry is preferably 500 cps or less, preferably 200 cps or less, and more preferably 80 cps or IFFO049WO PATENT less.
• the viscosity is preferably 70,000 cps or less.
• the feed slurry i.e., emulsion
• certain flavors especially those that are more water-soluble, act as plasticizers thereby making processing more difficult due to stickiness.
• the ratios of carrier materials can be modified. Therefore, various factors can be appropriately selected or modified for use in combination with different spray dry apparatuses .
• an emulsifier or surfactant can also be used in the production of the instant spray-dried flavor composition.
• suitable emulsifiers or surfactants include, but are not limited to, lecithins, sucrose esters, proteins, gums, soap-bark extract, saponins, and the like.
• solvents can be used in the instant spray-dried flavor composition. Such solvents include, volatiles and nonvolatiles but are not limited to alcohol (e.g., ethanol) , ethyl acetate, acetone, triglycerides, vegetable oils, animal fats, and triacetin.
• a spray dryer with a vertical parallel flow function can be used.
• the spray dryer should be a system with a dehumidifying and drying function.
• a spray dryer capable of blowing a high volume of desiccated air with a dew point of less than 5°C is particularly preferable.
• the spray dryer is inevitably arranged with a dry dehumidifier, e.g., a honeycomb-type rotary IFF0049 O PATENT dehumidifier (e.g., Nichias Corporation or Sweden PROFLUTE Corporation) .
• Suitable spray dryers include the micromist spray dryer and the hybrid granulator series manufactured by Fujisaki Electric Co., Ltd.; the fluidized spray dryer FSD with internal fluid bed as manufactured by Niro Corporation; the fluid granulation spray dryer and L-8 type spray dryer manufactured by Ogawara (Japan); the DL-21 " type and GB-21 type spray dryers manufactured by Yamato Scientific Co., Ltd., and Anhydro Spray Bed Dryer manufactured by SPX Corporation.
• the spray dryer is capable of generating liquid droplets (particles) having a mean particle size (mean volume diameter) of between about 10 pm to about 200 ⁇ .
• a spray dryer with a spray nozzle capable of generating a large volume of liquid droplets having a mean particle size of between about 10 m to about 200 pm, preferably about 20 ⁇ to about 150 ⁇ , and more preferably about 30 ⁇ to about 100 ⁇ .
• a dry powder having a mean particle size (mean volume diameter) of about 10 ⁇ to about 100 ⁇ is preferred for retention of the flavor oil.
• the outlet temperature of the spray drying apparatus is between 20°C and 60°C, preferably 30 to 60°C, and more preferably 40 to 60°C.
• the outlet temperature of the spray dryer means the product temperature of the dry powder in the vicinity of the powder collection part of the spray dryer.
• the outlet temperature means the temperature (exhaust gas temperature) at the exhaust part thereof.
• the average inlet air temperature of the spray drying apparatus is less than 100 °C. In certain embodiments, the average inlet air temperature of the spray drying apparatus is in the range of 40°C to 99°C, more preferably 60°C to 99°C and most preferably 80°C to 99°C.
• the average inlet air temperature is a sum total of all inlet air streams, e.g., main chamber inlet air and the inlet air to the fluid bed(s) .
• the air inlet dew point of the spray drying apparatus is 5°C or less, preferably 0°C or less, more preferably is -5°C or less, and most preferably -7.5°C or less.
• dew point temperature is a function of air temperature and %RH and can be determined using a psychrometric chart or calculator. Dew point temperature is important as it corresponds directly to the actual amount of water in the air on a mass basis.
• the resulting powder can be used in the production of food product, pharmaceuticals, consumer products and the like.
• particular embodiments feature the additional step of further drying the spray-dried flavor composition in a fluid-bed chamber attached at the outlet of the spray dryer.
• certain embodiments feature the use of an integrated fluid-bed spray dryer to produce the instant spray-dried flavor composition. This secondary drying can, e.g., further remove entrapped IFF0049WO PATENT solvent, residual moisture, and/or water of molecular hydration, to provide a composition of powder particles with significantly lower moisture content that is stable in storage, e.g., for extended periods at ambient temperatures .
• the temperature of the air supplying the fluid-bed unit is maintained at or below the outlet temperature of the spray dryer in order to maintain the benefit of volatile flavor retention.
• the inlet temperature of the fluid-bed unit is between 40 °C and 99°C, preferably 50 to 95°C, and more preferably 60 to 90 °C; and the inlet dew point is in the range of -10 to 5°C.
• the fluid-bed has a single zone. In other embodiments, the fluid-bed unit has one, two, three or more zones, wherein each zone has a different temperature and air flow rate. In certain embodiments, the fluid-bed unit has three zones, each varying in temperature by at least 10°C. In particular embodiments, the fluid-bed unit has three zones, each varying in temperature by 10 °C to 20 °C.
• dry powder from a spray dryer with an outlet temperature of 60 °C could have a first fluid-bed zone at 60°C, a second bed zone of 45°C and a third zone of 25°C.
• Secondary drying can continue, e.g., for about 5 minutes to about 5 hours, or about 10 minutes to about 1 hour, and most preferably about 20 to 40 minutes until residual moisture is reduced to a desired level. In particular embodiments, secondary drying continues until the residual moisture of the powder particles is below 5 percent .
• dry encompass those compositions with from about 0% to IFF0049WO PATENT about 15% water.
• the instant composition will have a water activity of 0.1 to 0.6, or more desirably 0.2 to 0.5, and most preferably from 0.2 to 0.4 wherein said levels of dryness can be achieved with or without secondary drying .
• Drying can also occur in the total or partial absence of ambient air.
• drying can occur in the presence of C0 2 or other drying gases (e.g., nitrogen) .
• the air of the spray dryer is partially or wholly composed of carbon dioxide or nitrogen.
• partial carbon dioxide or nitrogen is intended to mean a level in the range of 80-99% carbon dioxide and/or nitrogen.
• the spray-dried flavor composition can be used in a variety of consumer, food, or pharmaceutical products.
• the instant spray-dried flavor composition finds application in gums, confections, oral care products, beverages, snacks, dairy products, soups, sauces, condiments, detergents, fabric softeners and other fabric care products, antiperspirants , deodorants, talc, kitty litter, hair care and styling products, personal care products, air fresheners, cereals, baked goods and cleaners.
• the instant spray-dried flavor composition is used in flavoring chewing gum and beverages.
• the spray-dried powder may be further processed by extrusion, coating, agglomeration, blending, compaction to impart additional functionality or benefits. While the instant invention is described in terms of the spray drying technique, the instant invention can employ other drying technologies or processes wherein the IFF0049WO PATENT use of low humidity and temperature conditions result in improved product quality through volatile retention.
• Example 1 Formulations for Dry Flavor Powders
• Control powders were produced by a conventional process conditions and Modified powders were produced by the instant modified process (Figure 5) , according to the conditions listed in Table 3. In both cases, a conventional spray dryer without an integrated fluid-bed was used. IFF0049WO PATENT
• Example 1 the volatile profile of the Berry Flavor formulations in Example 1 was determined. This analysis indicated that the retention of specific volatile materials for the Modified powder compared to the level in the emulsion were approximately 24%, 35%, and 87% for dimethyl sulfide, ethyl acetate, and ethyl butyrate, respectively. Table 5 indicated the ratio of volatiles retained in the modified powder in comparison to the Control powder. Sensory tests showed benefit of the Modified powder over the Control powder in a beverage tasting solution (significantly greater berry aroma and flavor, among others; Figure 3) and in chewing gum (significantly greater berry flavor intensity at the 30 and 60 second intervals; Figure 4).
• Spray-dried flavor compositions prepared in accordance with the instant method, were incorporated into savory broths and attributes of the broths were assessed by a panel of consumers.
• the control broths were prepared from spray dry flavors processed using conventional drying conditions.
• Example 8 Sensory Stability of Neat Powders in High Barrier Packaging

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Food Science & Technology (AREA)
• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Nutrition Science (AREA)
• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
• Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
• Seasonings (AREA)
• Fats And Perfumes (AREA)
• Vaporization, Distillation, Condensation, Sublimation, And Cold Traps (AREA)
• Cosmetics (AREA)
• Detergent Compositions (AREA)

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• 2012
  • 2012-03-02 US US14/002,257 patent/US20140205713A1/en not_active Abandoned
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