WO2012115072A1 - 炭素材料及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
炭素材料及びその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012115072A1 WO2012115072A1 PCT/JP2012/054042 JP2012054042W WO2012115072A1 WO 2012115072 A1 WO2012115072 A1 WO 2012115072A1 JP 2012054042 W JP2012054042 W JP 2012054042W WO 2012115072 A1 WO2012115072 A1 WO 2012115072A1
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- carbon material
- carbon
- chromium carbide
- particles
- carbide layer
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- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 73
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 229910003470 tongbaite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 77
- UFGZSIPAQKLCGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium carbide Chemical compound [Cr]#C[Cr]C#[Cr] UFGZSIPAQKLCGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 73
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 95
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 78
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 73
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 70
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 24
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910000039 hydrogen halide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000012433 hydrogen halide Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002525 ultrasonication Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000010410 dusting Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 22
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 22
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 22
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 18
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 14
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 6
- -1 chromium halide Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000001878 scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 4
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 3
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen bromide Chemical compound Br CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007770 graphite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011812 mixed powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorane Chemical compound F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000282320 Panthera leo Species 0.000 description 1
- 210000001015 abdomen Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009694 cold isostatic pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006837 decompression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000921 elemental analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000042 hydrogen bromide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000041 hydrogen chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen chloride Substances Cl.Cl IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000040 hydrogen fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005979 thermal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/515—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics
- C04B35/52—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on carbon, e.g. graphite
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J19/08—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor
- B01J19/10—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor employing sonic or ultrasonic vibrations
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
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- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/009—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone characterised by the material treated
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/45—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements
- C04B41/4505—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements characterised by the method of application
- C04B41/4519—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements characterised by the method of application application under an other specific atmosphere
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- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/45—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements
- C04B41/4505—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements characterised by the method of application
- C04B41/4545—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements characterised by the method of application applied as a powdery material
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- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/45—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements
- C04B41/4505—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements characterised by the method of application
- C04B41/455—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements characterised by the method of application the coating or impregnating process including a chemical conversion or reaction
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- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/45—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements
- C04B41/50—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements with inorganic materials
- C04B41/5053—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements with inorganic materials non-oxide ceramics
- C04B41/5057—Carbides
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- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/80—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone of only ceramics
- C04B41/81—Coating or impregnation
- C04B41/85—Coating or impregnation with inorganic materials
- C04B41/87—Ceramics
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02104—Forming layers
- H01L21/02365—Forming inorganic semiconducting materials on a substrate
- H01L21/02518—Deposited layers
- H01L21/02521—Materials
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L29/00—Semiconductor devices specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching and having potential barriers; Capacitors or resistors having potential barriers, e.g. a PN-junction depletion layer or carrier concentration layer; Details of semiconductor bodies or of electrodes thereof ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/02—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/12—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor characterised by the materials of which they are formed
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a carbon material and a method for producing the same, and more particularly, to a carbon material that is surface-modified and suppressed from generating particles and a method for producing the same.
- the carbon material is lightweight, has excellent chemical and thermal stability, and has good thermal and electrical conductivity while being non-metallic. However, since it has dust generation properties, its use is limited as a material in a semiconductor manufacturing process or the like.
- Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2 an invention in which a chromium carbide layer made of Cr 23 C 6 is provided on the surface of a carbon substrate by treating the carbon substrate with a chromium halide gas. Proposed.
- chromium carbide having a large composition ratio of chromium such as Cr 23 C 6 is formed, the hardness of the chromium carbide is increased and defects are likely to occur during handling.
- particles are generated, there is a problem that it cannot be used for a member (for example, a jig) used in the semiconductor manufacturing apparatus, such as a member in which low dust generation is regarded as important.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an object thereof is to provide a carbon material that can be used in the field of semiconductor manufacturing and the like and a method for manufacturing the same by suppressing the generation of particles. .
- the present invention is characterized in that, in a carbon material in which a chromium carbide layer is formed on the surface of a carbon base material, the chromium carbide layer contains Cr 3 C 2 as a main component. If the chromium carbide layer is mainly composed of Cr 3 C 2 , the composition ratio of chromium is smaller than that of Cr 23 C 6 (the composition ratio of the carbon ratio is increased), so the hardness is lowered (becomes flexible). ), It becomes difficult to cause defects due to handling. As a result, the generation of particles (dust generation) can be suppressed, so that the carbon material can be used in fields where low dust generation is important, such as the semiconductor manufacturing field. Note that “Cr 3 C 2 as a main component” refers to a case where the ratio of Cr 3 C 2 in the chromium carbide layer exceeds 50 wt%.
- the carbon material after washing was subjected to ultrasonication in 3000 mL of pure water to extract particles, and the number of particles was measured with a particle counter.
- the number of particles is preferably less than 100 per 100 mm 2 of the surface area of the carbon material, and more preferably less than 50.
- the cleaned carbon material is subjected to ultrasonication in 3000 mL of pure water to extract particles, and when the number of particles is measured with a particle counter, 0.1 ⁇ m or more
- the number of particles is preferably less than 1000 per 100 mm 2 of the surface area of the carbon material, and more preferably less than 500.
- the chromium carbide layer preferably has an orthorhombic structure.
- the present invention provides a first step of forming a chromium carbide layer containing chromium carbide other than Cr 3 C 2 on the surface of the carbon base material, and the carbon base material in a reducing atmosphere. heat treatment under, and having a second step to convert the chromium carbide other than the Cr 3 C 2 to Cr 3 C 2.
- the carbon material mentioned above can be produced by such a method.
- the chromium carbide layer before over-heat treatment may be contained is chromium carbide other than Cr 3 C 2, therefore, it is composed of only chromium carbide other than Cr 3 C 2, and Cr 3 C 2 cr 3 C 2 other than chromium carbide may be configured with.
- the carbon base material embedded in the surface modifier containing the chromium particles and the thermally decomposable hydrogen halide generator is heated together with a carbon member other than the carbon base material. It is desirable to form a chromium carbide layer containing chromium carbide other than Cr 3 C 2 on the surface of the material. With such a method, the chromium carbide layer can be easily formed.
- the chromium carbide other than Cr 3 C 2 is preferably composed of at least one selected from the group consisting of Cr 2 C, Cr 7 C 3 , and Cr 23 C 6 , and the reducing atmosphere is A hydrogen gas atmosphere is desirable.
- the heat treatment in the second step is desirably performed at 500 ° C. or higher and 1500 ° C. or lower.
- the temperature during the heat treatment in the second step is regulated to 500 ° C. or more and 1500 ° C. or less, while Cr 2 C or the like may not be converted to Cr 3 C 2 when the temperature is less than 500 ° C. This is because, even if the temperature exceeds 1500 ° C., the conversion rate cannot be increased any more, and the energy loss increases and the production cost of the carbon material increases.
- the temperature is particularly preferably 800 ° C. or higher and 1100 ° C. or lower.
- the heat treatment in the second step is desirably performed under a reduced pressure of 10 to 1000 Pa.
- the reason for regulating in this way is that if the pressure exceeds 1000 Pa or less than 10 Pa, the cost of the gas used for the apparatus and processing becomes too high, so it is not practical.
- a pressure of 10 to 1000 Pa is preferable because the structure on the apparatus is simplified and the conversion effect can be sufficiently exerted.
- the above chromium carbide layer after the treatment it is preferable that a orthorhombic consisting mainly of Cr 3 C 2.
- a carbon material can be used even in the semiconductor manufacturing field where importance is placed on low dust generation.
- the carbon material of the present invention is used as a jig in the field of semiconductor manufacturing, there is an excellent effect that it is possible to prevent adhesion of particles to the counterpart material.
- the present invention is a carbon material having a chromium carbide layer composed of Cr 3 C 2 on the surface of a carbon substrate.
- This carbon material is prepared by passing through the surface of the carbon substrate, a first step of forming a chromium carbide layer comprising chromium carbide other than Cr 3 C 2, a second step of heat treatment in a reducing atmosphere be able to.
- a chromium carbide layer containing chromium carbide other than Cr 3 C 2 hereinafter, a chromium carbide layer containing chromium carbide other than Cr 3 C 2 may be simply referred to as a chromium carbide layer
- a chromium carbide layer is used for the carbon base material.
- the heat treatment in the second step is preferably performed in a temperature range of 500 ° C. to 1500 ° C. under a reduced pressure of 10 to 1000 Pa.
- the carbon material before the heat treatment will be described.
- the carbon material (the carbon material before the heat treatment in the second step) is, for example, carbon embedded in a surface modifier (powder) containing chromium particles and a pyrolytic hydrogen halide generator.
- the substrate can be produced by heat treatment together with a carbon member other than the carbon substrate (first step).
- the carbon member include containers made of carbon such as a graphite crucible, carbon powder, and the like.
- the chromium carbide layer can be formed almost uniformly on the carbon base material with no color unevenness by the treatment for less than 1 hour.
- This chromium carbide layer can be sufficiently formed in 30 minutes.
- This treatment time may be longer, for example, 1 hour or longer when the chromium carbide layer needs to be thickened.
- the carbon substrate is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include isotropic graphite materials, anisotropic graphite materials, and carbon fiber materials.
- This carbon substrate preferably has a bulk density of 1.0 to 2.1 g / cm 3 and preferably has a porosity of 40% or less.
- the above-mentioned thermally decomposable hydrogen halide generator is a substance that maintains a solid state at normal temperature and pressure and decomposes by heating to generate hydrogen halides such as hydrogen chloride, hydrogen fluoride, and hydrogen bromide.
- the thermal decomposition temperature of the thermally decomposable hydrogen halide generator is preferably 200 ° C. or higher because it is easy to handle before heating.
- the hydrogen halide generated from the thermally decomposable hydrogen halide generator reacts with chromium during the heat treatment to generate chromium halide gas. By treating the carbon substrate with this chromium halide gas, a chromium carbide layer can be formed on the surface of the carbon substrate.
- the carbon substrate is treated with gas in this way, a chromium carbide layer is formed almost uniformly on the carbon substrate even when it has a complicated shape such as holes and grooves formed in the carbon substrate. can do.
- ammonium chloride is preferable because of its availability.
- Examples of the carbon member include a container made of carbon, such as a graphite crucible, and carbon powder.
- a container made of carbon such as a graphite crucible, and carbon powder.
- a graphite crucible As the carbon member.
- a graphite crucible when processing, it is possible to suppress the flow of gas around the embedded carbon base material, and to form a chromium carbide layer more uniformly on the surface of the carbon base material without color unevenness. it can. Further, since the gas generated from the powder can be kept to some extent in the graphite crucible, the generated gas can be used effectively.
- the graphite crucible is preferably covered with this lid, and the gas flow around the carbon substrate can be further suppressed by this lid. Examples of the lid include those made of graphite, sheets made of graphite, and the like. In order to escape the gas generated in the container, it is preferable to provide a vent hole in the container or the lid. In addition, when using the sheet
- the container When carbon powder is used as the carbon member, the container is filled with powder containing chromium particles, a pyrolytic hydrogen halide generator and carbon powder, and the carbon base material is embedded in the powder filled in the container. What is necessary is just to heat-process.
- a container when using carbon powder as this carbon member, a container is not specifically limited. And when processing, you may suppress the flow of the gas in a container, such as covering or covering with a sheet of graphite. Moreover, you may use said graphite crucible as a container.
- ⁇ Introduced gas is not directly blown into the container in which the carbon substrate is embedded. On the contrary, even if it is going to process while introducing hydrogen gas, containers, such as a graphite crucible, obstruct hydrogen gas, and it is difficult to perform processing using hydrogen gas efficiently.
- the apparatus When used for manufacture of carbon material (carbon material before performing heat treatment in the second step)
- the apparatus includes a heating furnace 1 having a heater, and a processed product placed in the heating furnace 1 Is to be heat-treated.
- the heating furnace 1 is provided with an intake port 4 and an exhaust port 5.
- An inert gas such as nitrogen gas or argon gas can be introduced from the intake port 4, while the inert gas or the like is naturally exhausted from the exhaust port 5.
- a graphite crucible 6 is arranged in the heating furnace 1.
- the graphite crucible 6 is filled with powder (surface modifying agent) 3, and the carbon substrate 2 to be processed is embedded in the filled powder 3.
- the powder 3 contains a thermally decomposable hydrogen halide generator and chromium particles.
- the graphite crucible 6 is covered with a lid 7, and the lid 7 is provided with a vent hole.
- the graphite crucible 6 as a carbon member is filled with the powder 3, and the filled powder 3
- the carbon base material 2 is embedded in the lid 7.
- this graphite crucible 6 is arrange
- the pressure in the apparatus is reduced to 10 Pa or more and 10,000 Pa or less using a vacuum pump.
- a reducing gas such as H 2 gas from the intake port 4
- the temperature in the apparatus is raised to 500 ° C. or higher and 1500 ° C. or lower (preferably 800 ° C. or higher and 1100 ° C. or lower).
- heat treatment is performed.
- the reason for this restriction is that if the heat treatment time is less than 1 minute, Cr 2 C, Cr 7 C 3 , Cr 23 C 6, etc. may not be converted to Cr 3 C 2. This is because the conversion is sufficiently performed in 30 hours.
- the heat treatment time in the second step is particularly preferably 5 hours or more and 25 hours or less.
- the amount of chromium needs to be changed according to the surface area of the carbon substrate, but is restricted to about 0.6 to 0.9 g (particularly 0.7 to 0.8 g) per 1 cm 2 of the carbon substrate. Is preferred. This is because a chromium carbide layer having a film thickness described later can be obtained by regulating in this way.
- the weight ratio of chromium powder to ammonium chloride is preferably regulated to 6: 1 to 7: 1.
- the amount of ammonium chloride powder is too small, a chromium carbide layer is not sufficiently formed on the carbon substrate, while when the amount of ammonium chloride powder is too large, the generation of the metal carbide layer becomes insufficient due to excessive supply of hydrogen halide. This is because.
- the weight ratio of chromium powder to ammonium chloride is 6: 1 to 7: 1.
- the thickness of the chromium carbide layer is preferably 1 ⁇ m or more and 50 ⁇ m or less. This is because when the thickness of the chromium carbide layer is less than 1 ⁇ m, there is a problem that it is difficult to modify the entire surface of the carbon to be processed, whereas when the thickness of the chromium carbide layer exceeds 50 ⁇ m. This is because the dimensional change of the final carbon material becomes too large, which may cause a disadvantage that the dimensional control is difficult.
- the carbon material before heat processing is produced.
- the temperature in the said heat processing is 1000 degreeC, and processing time is 30 minutes.
- the film thickness of the chromium carbide layer was 2 to 3 ⁇ m, and the chromium carbide layer was substantially composed of Cr 2 C.
- the carbon material produced as described above is directly placed in the apparatus, and then the pressure in the apparatus is reduced to 150 Pa using a vacuum pump.
- heat treatment was performed by introducing the H 2 gas from the intake port 4 while raising the temperature in the apparatus to 1100 ° C. and maintaining such a state for 20 hours.
- the Cr 2 C was converted to Cr 3 C 2
- the chromium carbide layer was composed mainly of Cr 3 C 2 as shown in Experiment 3 described later.
- the carbon material thus produced is hereinafter referred to as the present invention material A.
- ⁇ Comparative Example 1> A carbon material was produced in the same manner as in the above example except that the heat treatment was not performed. Thereby, since Cr 2 C does not convert to Cr 3 C 2 , the chromium carbide layer is substantially composed of Cr 2 C as shown in Experiment 4 described later. The carbon material thus produced is hereinafter referred to as a comparative material Z1.
- Comparative Example 2 A carbon substrate was used as a carbon material (a chromium carbide layer was not formed on the surface of the carbon substrate). The carbon material thus produced is hereinafter referred to as comparative material Z2.
- Table 1 shows the results of measuring the particle amounts of the inventive material A and the comparative materials Z1 and Z2 by the following method.
- Measurement method of the amount of particles After each material is immersed in pure water and thoroughly washed (wash for 5 minutes or more), the washed specimen is subjected to ultrasonication in 3000 ml of pure water to extract particles, and the particle counter The number of particles was measured with a XP-L7W (Lion Corporation). Then, the number of particles per unit surface area (100 mm 2 ) of each material was determined.
- the comparative material Z1 in which the chromium carbide layer is formed on the surface of the carbon substrate is compared with the comparative material Z2 in which the chromium carbide layer is not formed on the surface of the carbon substrate.
- the amount of particles is decreasing, it is necessary to further reduce particles in order to use them in the field of semiconductor manufacturing.
- material A in which the heat treatment is performed after forming the chromium carbide layer on the surface of the carbon base material the amount of particles is drastically compared not only with the comparative material Z2 but also with the comparative material Z1. It can be seen that it can be used sufficiently even in the field of semiconductor manufacturing.
- the number of particles generated by this friction is preferably less than 500 per unit area (100 mm 2 ), and more preferably less than 100.
- the material A of the present invention has a smaller proportion of chromium and a larger proportion of carbon than the comparative material Z1.
- the material A of the present invention is considered to be a stable chromium carbide layer substantially equal to the composition of Cr 3 C 2 even when viewed from the ratio of carbon and chromium.
- the comparative material Z1 since the ratio of chromium is large, unreacted chromium remains, and it is considered that the chromium carbide layer is unstable. It is considered that the particles generated thereby cannot be suppressed.
- the chromium carbide layer mainly has an orthorhombic structure, whereby the chromium carbide layer is stabilized, and it is considered that the generation of particles is further suppressed.
- crystals on the surface are developed, and it is considered that the effect of suppressing particles is high.
- the chromium carbide layer on the surface of the comparative material Z1 has a crystal structure mainly composed of Cr 2 C.
- FIG. 2 in the comparative material Z1, crystals on the surface are not developed, and the structure is not clear, which is considered to be unstable.
- the chromium carbide layer before the heat treatment is made of Cr 2 C, but is not limited to this, and may be made of Cr 7 C 3 or Cr 23 C 6. Moreover, you may be comprised with these mixtures.
- the chromium carbide layer before the heat treatment may contain Cr 3 C 2 . In this case, when the heat treatment, Cr 3 C 2 other than chromium carbide is converted to Cr 3 C 2, Cr 3 C 2 has intact is maintained.
- the carbon material and the manufacturing method thereof of the present invention can be used as a member for a semiconductor manufacturing apparatus, a jig for manufacturing an electronic device (sensor, etc.), and a positioning jig for bonding other materials.
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Abstract
Description
炭化クロム層がCr3C2を主成分としていれば、Cr23C6等に比べてクロムの組成比が小さくなる(炭素比率の組成比が大きくなる)ため、硬度が低くなり(柔軟になり)、ハンドリング等で欠損が生じ難くなる。この結果、パーティクルの発生(発塵性)を抑制することができるので、半導体製造分野等、発塵性が低いことが重要視される分野で炭素材料を用いることができる。尚、Cr3C2を主成分とするとは、炭化クロム層におけるCr3C2の割合が50重量%を超えている場合をいう。
さらに、前記炭化クロム層は、主として斜方晶の構造となっていることが好ましい。
このような方法により、上述した炭素材料を作製することができる。尚、過熱処理前の炭化クロム層にはCr3C2以外の炭化クロムが含まれていれば良く、したがって、Cr3C2以外の炭化クロムのみで構成されていても、Cr3C2とCr3C2以外の炭化クロムとで構成されていても良い。
このような方法であれば、炭化クロム層を容易に形成することができる。
ここで、第2ステップにおける加熱処理時の温度を500℃以上1500℃以下に規制するのは、当該温度が500℃未満ではCr2C等がCr3C2に転化しないことがある一方、当該温度が1500℃を超えても転化速度をそれ以上高めることができないばかりか、エネルギー損失が大きくなって、炭素材料の製造コストが高騰するからである。尚、Cr3C2に円滑に転化させ、且つ、炭素材料の製造コストを低減するためには、当該温度は800℃以上1100℃以下であることが特に好ましい。
このように規制するのは、圧力が1000Paを超えたり、10Pa未満では、装置や処理に使用するガス等のコストがかかりすぎるため実用的ではなくなるからである。また、10~1000Paの圧力であれば装置上の構成が簡単になるとともに、転化効果を十分発揮でき、好ましい。そして、処理後の上記の炭化クロム層は、Cr3C2を主体とする斜方晶となっていることが好ましい。
本発明は、炭素基材の表面に、Cr3C2から構成された炭化クロム層を有する炭素材料である。この炭素材料は、炭素基材の表面に、Cr3C2以外の炭化クロムを含む炭化クロム層を形成する第1ステップと、還元性雰囲気下で加熱処理する第2ステップを経ることにより作製することができる。この際、Cr3C2以外の炭化クロムを含む炭化クロム層(以下、Cr3C2以外の炭化クロムを含む炭化クロム層を、単に、炭化クロム層と称することがある)を炭素基材の表面に形成する第1ステップでは、CVR法を用いるのが好ましい。第2ステップにおける加熱処理は、10~1000Paの減圧下で、500℃以上1500℃以下の温度範囲で行うのが好ましい。
以下、加熱処理前の炭素材料について説明する。
上記炭素部材としては、黒鉛坩堝等の炭素からなる容器、炭素粉末などが挙げられる。このように、炭素部材とともに、処理されるべき炭素基材を加熱処理することにより、短時間で炭素基材に炭化クロム層を形成することができる。
上記炭素基材としては、特に限定されるものではなく、たとえば等方性黒鉛材、異方性黒鉛材、炭素繊維材等が挙げられる。この炭素基材は、かさ密度が1.0~2.1g/cm3であることが好ましく、気孔率40%以下であることが好ましい。
炭素部材を用いることにより、炭素基材の処理時間を短縮することができるとともに、水素ガスの供給を不要にすることができ、より簡易に炭素基材を表面改質することができる。
上記装置は、加熱ヒーターを有する加熱炉1を備え、この加熱炉1内に載置された処理物を加熱処理するようになっている。この加熱炉1には、吸気口4および排気口5が設けられている。上記吸気口4からは、窒素ガス、アルゴンガス等の不活性ガスが導入できるようになっている一方、上記排気口5からは上記不活性ガス等が自然に排気されるようになっている。
炭素材料(第2ステップにおける加熱処理前の炭素材料)の製造に用いる場合と異なる点についてのみ説明する。
第2ステップにおける加熱処理を行う際には、上記吸気口4からはH2ガス等の還元ガスが導入できるようになっている一方、上記排気口5は図示しない真空ポンプと連結されており、加熱炉1内を減圧できるようになっている。炭素材料(加熱処理前の炭素材料)は黒鉛坩堝6との間に配置された図示しない炭素材料からなる支持板に配置されるようになっている。
<実施例>
図1に示す装置を用い、黒鉛坩堝(東洋炭素株式会社製、型番IG-11)にクロム粉末(106.8g)、塩化アンモニウム(NH4Cl)粉末(15.6g)、アルミナ(Al2O3)粉末(520.4g)からなる混合粉体を充填し、この充填された混合粉体に、炭素基材(冷間等方圧加圧成形を経た緻密質等方性黒鉛;かさ密度1.8g/cm3、平均気孔半径5μm、気孔率20%、大きさ(概寸)10mm×10mm×60mm〔表面積:2600mm2〕)を埋め込み、蓋をして加熱炉に配置して加熱処理した。加熱時、吸気口から窒素を導入し、排気口から自然排気させた。これにより、加熱処理前の炭素材料が作製される。尚、上記加熱処理における温度は1000℃で、処理時間は30分である。また、炭化クロム層の膜厚は2~3μmであり、また、炭化クロム層はほぼCr2Cで構成されていた。
このようにして作製した炭素材料を、以下、本発明材料Aと称する。
加熱処理を施さなかった他は、上記実施例と同様にして炭素材料を作製した。これにより、Cr2CがCr3C2に転化しないため、後述の実験4で示すように、炭化クロム層はほぼCr2Cで構成される。
このようにして作製した炭素材料を、以下、比較材料Z1と称する。
炭素基材を炭素材料として用いた(炭素基材の表面には炭化クロム層は形成されていない)。
このようにして作製した炭素材料を、以下、比較材料Z2と称する。
上記本発明材料A及び比較材料Z1、Z2のパーティクル量を、下記の方法で測定したので、その結果を表1に示す。
・パーティクル量の測定方法
各材料を純水に浸して十分に洗浄(5分間以上洗浄)した後、洗浄後の試験片を3000mlの純水中で超音波をかけて粒子を抽出し、パーティクルカウンタ(リオン社製XP-L7W)でパーティクル数を測定した。そして、各材料の単位表面積(100mm2)当たりのパーティクル数を求めた。
また、本発明材料Aおよび比較材料Z1に対し他材が触れる、擦れるといった状況による発塵を想定し、パーティクル数の測定を行った。その結果を表2に示す。
・気中パーティクルの測定方法
比較材料Z1および本発明材Aの表面(490mm2)を1分間に15回、指でつまんだ針の腹でなぞった。放出された粒子を、表面粒子測定器(PENTAGON TECHNOLOGIES製Surface Particle Detector QIII+)を用いて捕集し測定した。そして、各材料の単位表面積(100mm2)当たりの発生パーティクル数を求めた。
上記本発明材料Aと比較材料Z1との表面において、炭素とクロムとの割合について下記の方法で調べたので、その結果を上記表1に併せて示す。また、比較材料Z1の表面のSEM画像を図2に示し、本発明材料Aの表面のSEM画像を図3に示す。
・炭素とクロムとの割合の測定方法
この測定は、電子線マイクロアナライザ(Electron Probe X-ray Micro Analyzer)装置を用いて行った。具体的には、電子プローブを各材料の表面に照射し、放出される特性X線を測定して元素分析を行なった。
上記本発明材料Aと比較材料Z1のX線回析パターンの測定(線源:CuKα)を行ったので、その結果を図4に示す。図4において、上段は比較材料Z1のチャートであり、下段は本発明材料Aのチャートである。
図4から明らかなように、本発明材料Aでは炭化クロム層がCr3C2を主とした斜方晶の構造となっている。一方、比較材料Z1では炭化クロム層が主にCr2Cから構成されていることが認められる。
それに対して比較材料Z1の表面の炭化クロム層は、Cr2Cを主とした結晶構造となっている。さらに、図2からわかるように、比較材料Z1では、表面における結晶が発達しておらず、はっきりしていない構造となっており、不安定になっていると考えられる。
(1)上記実施例では、炭素材料(第2ステップにおける加熱処理を行う前の炭素材料)として、クロム粒子と熱分解性ハロゲン化水素発生剤等とを含む表面改質剤に埋め込まれた炭素基材を、該炭素基材以外の炭素部材とともに加熱処理することにより作製したものを用いたが、これに限定するものではなく、上記特許文献1や上記特許文献2で示したもの等、如何なる製法で作製した炭素材料であっても、熱処理を行うことにより、Cr3C2以外の炭化クロムがCr3C2に転化するので、パーティクルを低減することが可能である。
2 炭素基材
3 粉末
4 吸気口
5 排気口
6 黒鉛坩堝
7 蓋体
Claims (11)
- 炭素基材の表面に炭化クロム層が形成された炭素材料において、
上記炭化クロム層がCr3C2を主成分としていることを特徴とする炭素材料。 - 炭素材料を純水に浸して洗浄した後、洗浄後の炭素材料を3000mLの純水中で超音波をかけて粒子を抽出し、パーティクルカウンタでパーティクル数を測定した際、0.2μm以上のパーティクル数が前記炭素材料の表面100mm2当たり100個未満である、請求項1に記載の炭素材料。
- 炭素材料を純水に浸して洗浄した後、洗浄後の炭素材料を3000mLの純水中で超音波をかけて粒子を抽出し、パーティクルカウンタでパーティクル数を測定した際、0.1μm以上のパーティクル数が前記炭素材料の表面100mm2当たり1000個未満である、請求項1又は2に記載の炭素材料。
- 前記炭化クロム層は斜方晶の構造となっている、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の炭素材料。
- 炭素基材の表面に、Cr3C2以外の炭化クロムを含む炭化クロム層を形成する第1ステップと、
上記炭素基材を還元性雰囲下で加熱処理し、上記Cr3C2以外の炭化クロムをCr3C2に転化させる第2ステップと、
を有することを特徴とする炭素材料の製造方法。 - 上記第1ステップにおいて、クロム粒子と熱分解性ハロゲン化水素発生剤とを含む表面改質剤に埋め込まれた炭素基材を、該炭素基材以外の炭素部材とともに加熱処理することにより、炭素基材の表面にCr3C2以外の炭化クロムを含む炭化クロム層を形成する、請求項5に記載の炭素材料の製造方法。
- 上記Cr3C2以外の炭化クロムが、Cr2C、Cr7C3、及びCr23C6からなる群から選択される少なくとも1種から構成される、請求項5又は6に記載の炭素材料の製造方法。
- 上記還元性雰囲は水素ガス雰囲気である、請求項5~7の何れか1項に記載の炭素材料の製造方法。
- 上記第2ステップにおける加熱処理は、500℃以上1500℃以下で行う、請求項5~8の何れか1項に記載の炭素材料の製造方法。
- 上記第2ステップにおける加熱処理は10~1000Paの減圧下で行う、請求項5~9の何れか1項に記載の炭素材料の製造方法。
- 請求項1~4のいずれかの炭素材料からなる治具。
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JPH08143385A (ja) | 1994-11-17 | 1996-06-04 | Tocalo Co Ltd | 複合皮膜を有する炭素部材とその製造方法 |
WO2010067734A1 (ja) * | 2008-12-08 | 2010-06-17 | 東洋炭素株式会社 | 炭素材の製造方法および炭素材 |
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US5789077A (en) * | 1994-06-27 | 1998-08-04 | Ebara Corporation | Method of forming carbide-base composite coatings, the composite coatings formed by that method, and members having thermally sprayed chromium carbide coatings |
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JPH0733567A (ja) * | 1993-07-22 | 1995-02-03 | Tocalo Co Ltd | 非酸化物系セラミック溶射皮膜を有する炭素材料およびその製造方法 |
JPH08143384A (ja) | 1994-11-17 | 1996-06-04 | Tocalo Co Ltd | 炭素部材およびその製造方法 |
JPH08143385A (ja) | 1994-11-17 | 1996-06-04 | Tocalo Co Ltd | 複合皮膜を有する炭素部材とその製造方法 |
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CN105272320A (zh) * | 2015-12-04 | 2016-01-27 | 武汉科技大学 | 一种铁水包包壁用不烧Al2O3-Cr7C3砖及其制备方法 |
CN105272320B (zh) * | 2015-12-04 | 2017-05-03 | 武汉科技大学 | 一种铁水包包壁用不烧Al2O3‑Cr7C3砖及其制备方法 |
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