WO2012111693A1 - 有価金属回収方法 - Google Patents
有価金属回収方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2012111693A1 WO2012111693A1 PCT/JP2012/053491 JP2012053491W WO2012111693A1 WO 2012111693 A1 WO2012111693 A1 WO 2012111693A1 JP 2012053491 W JP2012053491 W JP 2012053491W WO 2012111693 A1 WO2012111693 A1 WO 2012111693A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- slag
- alloy
- iron
- melting
- oxidation
- Prior art date
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 129
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 71
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 70
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 171
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 145
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 131
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 126
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 103
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 103
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 98
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 98
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 85
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 71
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000010926 waste battery Substances 0.000 claims description 77
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 claims description 57
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium oxide Chemical compound [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 abstract description 12
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- QVYYOKWPCQYKEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Fe].[Co] Chemical compound [Fe].[Co] QVYYOKWPCQYKEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 102100029860 Suppressor of tumorigenicity 20 protein Human genes 0.000 description 24
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 22
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 22
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 22
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 22
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 19
- 238000010309 melting process Methods 0.000 description 14
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 7
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 5
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 4
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- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 101000585359 Homo sapiens Suppressor of tumorigenicity 20 protein Proteins 0.000 description 3
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- QZPSXPBJTPJTSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N aqua regia Chemical compound Cl.O[N+]([O-])=O QZPSXPBJTPJTSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- -1 iron ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000975 Carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- FFBHFFJDDLITSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl N-[2-hydroxy-4-(3-oxomorpholin-4-yl)phenyl]carbamate Chemical compound OC1=C(NC(=O)OCC2=CC=CC=C2)C=CC(=C1)N1CCOCC1=O FFBHFFJDDLITSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002860 competitive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydridophosphorus(.) (triplet) Chemical compound [PH] BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 1
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B7/00—Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
- C22B7/001—Dry processes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B23/00—Obtaining nickel or cobalt
- C22B23/02—Obtaining nickel or cobalt by dry processes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
- B09B3/40—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless involving thermal treatment, e.g. evaporation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B5/00—Operations not covered by a single other subclass or by a single other group in this subclass
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B1/00—Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
- C22B1/005—Preliminary treatment of scrap
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B1/00—Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
- C22B1/02—Roasting processes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/54—Reclaiming serviceable parts of waste accumulators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/84—Recycling of batteries or fuel cells
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for recovering valuable metals contained in a waste battery such as a lithium ion battery.
- waste batteries such as lithium ion batteries
- recover valuable metals contained in them are roughly divided into dry methods and wet methods. is there.
- crushed waste batteries are melted, and valuable metals, such as cobalt, nickel, and copper, and other metals with low added value, such as iron and aluminum, are recovered. Separation and collection are performed using the difference in oxygen affinity between the two. That is, an element with low added value such as iron is oxidized as much as possible to obtain slag, and valuable materials such as cobalt are recovered as an alloy while suppressing oxidation as much as possible.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a method capable of recovering about 80% of valuable metals such as nickel and cobalt by using a high-temperature heating furnace, adding flux to a waste battery, and repeatedly treating slag. Yes.
- the recovery rate of cobalt as a metal is improved by adjusting the oxidation degree so that the oxidation degree of iron is less than 100% and a certain ratio is distributed to the alloy side. That is, the cobalt recovery rate is improved by allowing a certain amount of iron to be present in the alloy by adjusting the oxidation degree. Since iron in the alloy is an unnecessary metal that is separated and removed in a later wet process, the amount of iron in the alloy is preferably as small as possible.
- Aluminum that is contained in large amounts as a positive electrode conductive material for lithium ion batteries.
- Aluminum has an oxygen affinity much higher than that of iron or cobalt, and easily becomes aluminum oxide. Therefore, when aluminum coexists, aluminum consumes oxygen preferentially during oxidation, resulting in insufficient iron oxidation, resulting in a decrease in iron distribution to slag and an increase in the amount of iron in the alloy. There is.
- the present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a valuable metal recovery method capable of stably and significantly increasing the recovery rate in recovering valuable metals from waste batteries by a dry method. It is to provide.
- the inventors of the present invention divided the slag separation into two steps and separated it into two stages, separated the first slag mainly composed of aluminum oxide in the first first slag separation step, and then the second slag separation step.
- the second slag separation step 2 By separating the second slag mainly composed of iron oxidized in step 2, it is possible to form a second slag having good separability from the alloy at a low melting temperature in the second slag separation step. It has been found that the separation performance can be dramatically improved, and the present invention has been completed. More specifically, the present invention provides the following.
- a method for recovering valuable metals from a waste battery containing aluminum and iron the melting step of melting the waste battery to obtain a melt, and the melt at the time of the melting step, or A first oxidation step that is performed on the waste battery before the melting step and treats the aluminum with an oxidizable degree of oxidation, and a first slag containing aluminum oxide is separated from the melt, and iron is separated.
- a valuable metal recovery method comprising: a second slag separation step of separating a second slag containing iron oxide from a melt after the step and recovering a second alloy containing cobalt.
- the mass ratio of cobalt in the second alloy in the total cobalt in the waste battery is 75% or more, and the mass ratio of iron in the second alloy in the total iron in the waste battery
- the valuable metal recovery method according to (1) or (2), wherein is 7% or more and 30% or less.
- the valuable metal recovery method In performing the valuable metal recovery method a plurality of times, in the first melting step, a mixture obtained by adding the first flux to the waste battery is melted to obtain a melt, In the 2 oxidation step, the mixture obtained by adding the second flux to the first alloy or a melt thereof is processed, and in the second and subsequent melting steps, the first flux is replaced with the first flux.
- the valuable metal recovery method according to any one of (1) to (6), wherein the second slag is added to the waste battery as a flux.
- the second alloy obtained by performing the first slag separation step, the second oxidation step, and the second slag separation step after the second and subsequent melting steps, the second alloy
- the mass ratio of cobalt in the waste battery to the total cobalt in the waste battery is 75% or more, and the mass ratio of iron in the second alloy to the total iron in the waste battery is 7% or more and 30% or less ( The valuable metal recovery method according to 7) or (8).
- a preliminary oxidation step for performing an oxidation treatment prior to the dry step is provided, and in the dry step, mainly from the melt.
- a first slag separation step for separating aluminum oxide and a second slag separation step for separating and removing iron mainly from the first alloy from which aluminum oxide was separated and removed in the first slag separation step were provided.
- FIG. 1 is a flowchart showing an example of a valuable metal recovery method from a waste battery.
- the waste battery is a lithium ion battery
- the present invention is not limited to this.
- the valuable metal recovery method includes a waste battery pretreatment process ST10, a preliminary oxidation process ST20, a dry process S20, and a wet process S30.
- the valuable metal recovery method in the present embodiment is a total process in which an alloy is obtained in the dry process S20, and then the valuable metal element is separated and recovered in the wet process S30.
- the waste battery in the present invention means not only a used battery but also a defective product in the process.
- what is necessary is just to include a waste battery in the process target, and adding other metals, resin, etc. other than a waste battery suitably is not excluded. In that case, it is a waste battery of the present invention including other metals and resins.
- the waste battery pretreatment step ST10 is performed for the purpose of preventing explosion of the waste battery. That is, since the waste battery is a closed system and has an electrolytic solution or the like inside, if the dry melting process is carried out as it is, there is a risk of explosion, which is dangerous. For this reason, it is necessary to perform an opening process for degassing by some method. This is the purpose of performing the waste battery pretreatment step ST10.
- the specific method of the waste battery pretreatment step ST10 is not particularly limited.
- the waste battery may be physically opened with a needle-like blade edge.
- a melting process is performed in the subsequent dry processing, separation of individual members or the like is not necessary.
- This pre-oxidation step ST20 is a preferable step of the first oxidation step in the present invention, and in the present invention, “the melt is performed on the melt during the melting step, and the aluminum is treated with an oxidizable degree of oxidation. This corresponds to the “first oxidation step”.
- a pre-oxidation treatment is performed by supplying oxygen while roasting the pre-treated waste battery obtained in the waste battery pre-treatment step ST10 at a temperature of 600 ° C to 1250 ° C.
- the oxidation treatment is performed in the melting step in the dry process.
- the preliminary oxidation step ST20 before the melting step ST21 is provided as the first oxidation step.
- This pre-oxidation treatment is performed before the melting step ST21, and is performed in the preliminary oxidation furnace by providing a pre-oxidation furnace separately from the melting furnace performing the melting step ST21.
- a kiln can be used as the preliminary oxidation furnace.
- a rotary kiln that has been conventionally used for cement production and the like can be suitably used. Therefore, the details of the present invention will be described below using the rotary kiln as a representative example of the kiln, but the kiln in the present invention is not limited thereto. Absent.
- it includes all types of kilns such as a tunnel kiln (Heath Furnace) that can be oxidized inside by supplying oxygen while roasting waste batteries in the preliminary oxidation step ST20.
- the pre-oxidation step ST20 is performed by using the kiln 1 shown in FIG. 2 as a pre-oxidation furnace.
- the kiln body 10 is a cylindrical rotary kiln made of carbon steel having a thickness of 15 to 30 mm. The interior is lined with refractory bricks.
- a drive gear 11 is provided outside the kiln body 10 to transmit the rotational force to the kiln body.
- a burner pipe 12 for blowing hot air for heating the inside is provided in the kiln main body.
- the kiln body 10 provided with these is installed so as to have an inclination of 3 to 4% with respect to the horizontal plane in use.
- the temperature inside the kiln main body 10 is heated to 600 to 1250 ° C. with hot air blown from the burner pipe 12.
- the waste battery is carried in from the carry-in port 13 in the A direction.
- the waste battery moves in the kiln body 10 toward the discharge port 14 while being stirred and roasted along the inclination of the kiln body 10.
- the temperature in the kiln main body 10 is less than 600 ° C., the oxidation of aluminum and carbon does not proceed sufficiently. If the temperature is in the range of 600 ° C.
- an appropriate amount of oxidizing agent for example, air
- oxidizing agent for example, air
- aluminum foil is used as a positive electrode material for lithium ion batteries.
- Carbon is used as the negative electrode material.
- the outer shell of the battery is made of iron or aluminum, and plastic is used for the outer package of the assembled battery. These materials basically act as a reducing agent. For this reason, the total reaction for converting these materials into gas or slag is an oxidation reaction. Therefore, it is necessary to introduce oxygen into the kiln body 10. This is why air is introduced in the pre-oxidation step ST20.
- the oxidizing agent is not particularly limited, but from the viewpoint of easy handling, a gas containing oxygen such as air, pure oxygen, and oxygen-enriched gas is preferably used. These are directly fed into the kiln body 10 in the preliminary oxidation step ST20.
- the amount of oxidant introduced here is approximately 1.2 times the chemical equivalent required for the oxidation of each substance to be oxidized.
- the waste battery oxidized through the above process is discharged from the discharge port 14 in the B direction.
- the exhaust gas generated during the oxidation process is discharged in the C direction.
- the preliminary oxidation step ST20 in the present invention is an oxidation treatment at a lower temperature than the case where the oxidation treatment is performed in the melting step, the reaction rate is relatively slow, and the pre-oxidation step ST20 of the cylindrical kiln main body 10 is performed. Since this is a method of oxidizing a waste battery moving in the kiln body 10 by directly introducing a predetermined amount of oxygen into the space, it is easy to control oxidation by adjusting the amount of oxygen, the oxidation time and temperature, etc. It is. Therefore, it is possible to adjust the degree of oxidation more strictly while suppressing variations in oxidation.
- the adjustment of the degree of oxidation in the preliminary oxidation step ST20 is performed as follows.
- the main elements constituting the material of the waste battery are generally oxidized in the order of aluminum> lithium> carbon> manganese> phosphorous> iron> cobalt> nickel> copper due to the difference in affinity with oxygen. That is, aluminum is most easily oxidized and copper is most hardly oxidized.
- oxidation is promoted until the entire amount of aluminum is oxidized. At this time, the oxidation may be further promoted until a part of iron is oxidized, but it is necessary to stop the oxidation degree so that cobalt is not oxidized and recovered to the slag side.
- the 1st oxidation process in this invention is not limited to the above-mentioned preliminary oxidation process by roasting.
- a lance is inserted in the melt in the melting process ST21 and air
- bubbling may be performed by blowing an oxidizing agent such as the above. This corresponds to the “first oxidation step performed on the waste battery before the melting step and treating the aluminum with an oxidizable degree” in the present invention.
- a melting step ST21 is first performed in which the waste battery subjected to the preliminary oxidation process in the preliminary oxidation step ST20 is melted at a temperature of 1450 ° C. or higher, preferably 1650 ° C. or lower to obtain a molten waste battery.
- Melting process ST21 can be performed with a conventionally known electric furnace or the like.
- the melt produced by the melting step ST21 includes a first slag containing an oxide such as aluminum, a valuable metal such as nickel, cobalt, copper, and a first alloy containing iron that is not a valuable metal. included.
- the oxidation treatment is not performed here.
- SiO 2 silicon dioxide
- CaO limestone
- or the like is added as a flux to the melt of the waste battery.
- the ratio of SiO 2 / CaO is preferably between 0.5 and 1.5, more preferably between 0.8 and 1.1.
- the addition of the flux does not necessarily have to be performed in the melting step ST21, and the same effect can be obtained even if it is performed in the preliminary oxidation step ST20 preceding the melting step ST21.
- the dust, exhaust gas, and the like in the melting step ST21 are detoxified in a conventionally known exhaust gas treatment.
- the preferable melting temperature is also different between the first melting step and the second and subsequent melting steps.
- the melting step ST21 will be described by dividing it into two steps: a first melting step ST21a and a second and subsequent melting step ST21b.
- the first melting step ST21a is performed at a temperature of 1450 ° C. or higher, preferably 1650 ° C. or lower.
- the second and subsequent melting steps ST21b are performed at a temperature of 1350 ° C. or higher, preferably 1500 ° C. or lower.
- Melting process ST21 can be performed with a conventionally known electric furnace or the like.
- the melt produced by the melting step ST21 includes a first slag containing an oxide such as aluminum, a valuable metal such as nickel, cobalt, copper, and a first alloy containing iron that is not a valuable metal. included.
- the preliminary oxidation step ST20 is performed, the oxidation treatment is not performed here.
- the first melting step ST21a it is preferable to add SiO 2 (silicon dioxide), CaO (lime) or the like as the first flux to the melt of the waste battery.
- the first flux in the present invention is a waste battery or a first battery in order to reduce the melting point of the first slag in the first melting step ST21a or the preliminary oxidation step ST20 preceding the first melting step ST21a. It means the flux added to the waste battery melt.
- the ratio of SiO 2 / CaO of the first flux is preferably between 0.5 and 1.5, more preferably between 0.8 and 1.1, even more preferably 1.
- slag containing a large amount of aluminum oxide has a high melting temperature.
- the temperature of the slag is sufficiently increased by raising the temperature to near the melting temperature. Need to lower.
- increasing the melting temperature is not preferable because the operation cost is greatly increased due to the increase in energy cost and the refractory melting rate.
- the temperature exceeds 1650 ° C. it becomes difficult to operate using a normal electric furnace, and it is necessary to use a plasma treatment or the like as described in Patent Document 1, and the durability of the refractory is also reduced. Thermocouple damage for in-furnace temperature measurement also occurs.
- the melting temperature of slag is 1450 degreeC or more and 1650 degrees C or less also from a viewpoint of performing melting process ST21 with a conventionally well-known electric furnace, and a melting temperature of the alloy to produce
- the addition of the first flux is not necessarily performed in the first melting step ST21a, and the same effect can be obtained even if it is performed in the preliminary oxidation step ST20 preceding the first melting step ST21a. .
- the melting step ST21 addition in the form of a melt is possible, thus reducing the pulverization cost and the amount of heat held.
- the addition in the melting step ST21a is more preferable because it is more advantageous in terms of enabling two to be effectively used.
- the dust, exhaust gas, and the like in the first melting step ST21a are subjected to a detoxification process in a conventionally known exhaust gas process.
- the second slag that is preferably added as a flux is a slag containing 20% or more of iron (iron oxide) by mass ratio.
- iron iron oxide
- the melting temperature of the first slag is 1500 ° C., which is lower than the melting temperature in the first melting step ST21a. It can be reduced to: Energy can be further reduced by the decrease in the melting temperature. In addition, since the melting range at the same temperature is further expanded, the slag composition range can be widened and the operation becomes easy. Further, by reusing slag that has been discarded as flux, it is possible to reduce the amount of flux used at the same time and the amount of slag discharged outside the system.
- the same effect can be obtained even if the addition of the second slag as the flux is performed in the preceding preliminary oxidation step ST20, as in the case of the addition of the first flux.
- the flux to be added is different from that in the first melting step ST21a, but for the other points, the same processing as in the first time is repeated.
- First slag separation step ST22 In the first slag separation step ST22, the first slag and the first alloy are separated and recovered by utilizing the specific gravity difference.
- the melting temperature melting point of the first slag can be lowered and the viscosity can be lowered.
- the melting temperature can be further lowered by adding the second slag containing iron. For this reason, even if it repeats melting process ST21 at the said temperature, in this 1st slag isolation
- the distribution ratio of aluminum into the first alloy is extremely low. Specifically, it is 0 mass% or more and 0.1 mass% or less by mass ratio with respect to the total amount of aluminum of a waste battery.
- the first slag separation step ST22 almost the entire amount of aluminum oxide that raises the melting temperature of the slag and increases the viscosity is distributed to the first slag and discharged outside the furnace.
- the iron content (distribution rate) in the first alloy is high, and is preferably 30% or more and 100% or less in terms of mass ratio to the total amount of iron in the waste battery. If the iron distribution rate is less than 30%, iron is excessively distributed to the slag side, and cobalt is also partially distributed to the first slag, which is not preferable.
- oxidation treatment is performed on the first alloy.
- This oxidation treatment can be performed by oxygen bubbling in which a straw-shaped cylinder called a lance made of iron-based material is inserted into the melt and oxygen is blown.
- the melt here may be the melt of the first alloy obtained in the first slag separation step ST22 itself, or may be a melt that is once cooled and then melted again.
- a second slag that is an oxide such as iron and a second alloy containing nickel, cobalt, and copper as valuable metals are generated.
- the second flux in the present invention is the first flux that has passed through the first slag separation step ST22 for the purpose of achieving a high iron slag distribution rate and a high cobalt residual rate in the alloy in the second slag separation step ST24. It refers to the flux added to the alloy or its melt.
- the second slag generated in the second slag separation step ST24 is reused as a substitute for the first flux in the second and subsequent melting steps ST21b.
- Preferred embodiments are also included.
- the second flux is added for the above purpose in the second slag separation step ST24.
- the dependence on the composition is not great. Therefore, by adjusting the composition of the second flux so that the composition of the second slag becomes a preferable composition as a flux to be reused in the second and subsequent melting steps ST21b, it can be reused as a flux.
- a suitable second slag can be generated. Therefore, the composition of the second flux is preferably such that the SiO 2 / CaO ratio is 0.5 to 1.5, more preferably 0.8 to 1.1. Is more preferable.
- slag produced by copper refining can be used as a part of the first flux and / or the second flux. Since the slag produced by copper refining has a high iron content, the viscosity of the first slag containing aluminum oxide may be reduced as the first flux or as the composition of the second slag to be reused. Is possible.
- Step ST24 In the second slag separation step ST24, the second slag and the second alloy are separated and recovered from the oxidized first alloy using the specific gravity difference. The second slag is temporarily discharged out of the furnace for reuse as a flux in the second and subsequent melting steps ST21b. The second alloy is subsequently subjected to a dephosphorization step ST25 and an alloy shot step ST26.
- the melting point of the oxidized first alloy is about 1350 ° C.
- the aluminum oxide that raises the melting temperature of the slag and increases the viscosity is separated and removed. It is possible to help improve the fluidization of the slag and to lower the melting temperature of the second slag to about 1250 ° C., which is lower than the melting point of the first alloy. As a result, the recovery rate of valuable metals can be improved by improving the physical separation performance from the second alloy due to the decrease in viscosity. For this reason, the temperature of the melt in the second slag separation step ST24 is sufficient to be about 1350 ° C to 1550 ° C.
- the first slag separation step ST22 aluminum was removed to the slag side as aluminum oxide.
- the respective distribution ratios in the second alloy and the first and second slags are even if the distribution ratio of iron in the second alloy is low. Can be high. That is, the separation performance of iron and cobalt in the second alloy is remarkably improved.
- the iron distribution ratio (mass ratio) in the second alloy with respect to the total iron mass in the waste battery is the same as the total cobalt in the waste battery if the mass ratio of iron is 7% or more.
- the distribution ratio (mass ratio) of cobalt in the second alloy with respect to the mass is 75% or more. This means that even if the iron distribution rate is as low as 7%, the cobalt recovery rate can be 75% or more, compared to the case where aluminum oxide coexists in the slag separation stage as in the prior art. Even if the distribution ratio of iron in the alloy is greatly reduced, the recovery rate of cobalt can be improved.
- a phosphorus removal step ST25 is performed on the second alloy to remove phosphorus from the second alloy.
- ethylene carbonate, diethyl carbonate, or the like is used as an organic solvent, and LiPF 6 (lithium hexafluorophosphate) or the like is used as an electrolyte as an electrolyte.
- LiPF 6 lithium hexafluorophosphate
- electrolyte electrolyte
- phosphorus in this LiPF 6 has the property of being relatively easily oxidized, it has a property of relatively high affinity with iron group elements such as iron, cobalt and nickel.
- Phosphorus in the alloy is difficult to remove in the subsequent wet process of recovering each element as a metal from the alloy obtained by dry processing, and if it accumulates in the processing system as an impurity, the operation cannot be continued. This can be prevented by removing phosphorus in advance in the dephosphorization step ST25.
- the alloy that has undergone the dephosphorization step ST25 is composed of cobalt, nickel, electrolyte-derived lithium, negative electrode material conductive copper, and the like derived from the positive electrode material.
- an alloy shot forming process ST26 is performed.
- a granular material also called a shot alloy or simply a shot
- the wet process S30 is basically a complicated process that is not suitable for mass processing, in order to combine with the dry process S20, it is necessary to perform the processing time of the wet process S30, in particular, the dissolution process ST31 in a short time. In the alloy shot forming step ST26, the melting time can be shortened by granulating the alloy.
- the average surface area in terms of the surface area is 300 mm 2 from 1 mm 2, it is preferable from 0.4mg Speaking in average weight in the range of 2.2 g. If it is less than the lower limit of this range, it is not preferable because the particles are too fine and difficult to handle, and further, the reaction is too early and it becomes difficult to dissolve at once due to excessive heat generation. If the upper limit is exceeded, the dissolution rate in the subsequent wet process decreases, which is not preferable.
- a method of granulating the alloy by shot a conventionally known method of quenching by inflow of molten metal into flowing water can be used.
- a valuable metal recovery process from a waste battery is meaningless if it is recovered as an alloy as in Patent Document 1, and needs to be recovered as a valuable metal element.
- an alloy of only valuable metals as described above can be used to simplify the subsequent wet process.
- the wet processing amount is reduced from about 1 ⁇ 4 to about 3 in mass ratio as compared with the amount of the input waste battery.
- the wet process S30 can use a conventionally known method and is not particularly limited.
- a conventionally known method for example, in the case of an alloy composed of cobalt, nickel, copper, and iron when the waste battery is a lithium ion battery, after acid dissolution (dissolution step ST31), iron removal, copper separation recovery, nickel / cobalt separation, Valuable metal elements can be recovered through the element separation step ST32 in the procedures of nickel recovery and cobalt recovery.
- the type of waste battery is not particularly limited, but a rare metal such as cobalt or lithium can be recovered, and its use has been expanded to automobile batteries, etc., and a lithium ion battery that requires a large-scale recovery process is the present invention. It can illustrate preferably as a process target.
- a preliminary oxidation process is provided prior to the melting process to perform a preliminary oxidation process (first oxidation process), and then a melting process is provided.
- the valuable metal was recovered by performing a melting treatment and then performing a first slag separation, an oxidation treatment, and a second slag separation.
- the second slag obtained in the first process was reused as a flux to recover valuable metals.
- the sample in the alumina crucible oxidized in the preliminary oxidation step was melted at a temperature of 1500 ° C. by raising the temperature in a nitrogen atmosphere and then held for 30 minutes to perform the melting step.
- the furnace was cooled, and after cooling, the first slag and the first alloy were separated and recovered from the sample by using the specific gravity difference, and the first slag separation step was performed.
- the first alloy separated and recovered in the first slag separation step is again put in an alumina crucible together with 5.0 g of the mixed flux having a SiO 2 / CaO ratio of 1, and melted at a temperature of 1500 ° C.
- the second oxidation step was performed while maintaining for 30 minutes. This second oxidation step was performed by oxygen bubbling in which a straw-shaped cylinder called an iron-based material lance was inserted into the melt and 0.1 L of oxygen was blown per minute.
- the first alloy that has undergone the oxidation treatment in the second oxidation step is cooled in the furnace, and after cooling, the second slag and the second alloy are separated and recovered by utilizing the specific gravity difference, and the second slag separation is performed. went.
- the recovered second slag and second alloy were each pulverized to 5 mm or less with a hammer.
- the ground 2nd alloy was melt
- waste lithium ion battery (sample) was blown through an alumina tube at a rate of 0.1 L / min while being held at a temperature of 1100 ° C. for 30 minutes in an alumina crucible installed in an electric furnace in a nitrogen atmosphere.
- the oxidation was promoted until the total amount of aluminum was oxidized.
- the second slag collected and ground in the first process is added to the alumina crucible, and melted together with the oxidized sample at a temperature of 1400 ° C. slightly lower than the first process. Holding for a minute, the melting process was performed.
- the furnace was cooled, and after cooling, the first slag and the first alloy were separated and recovered from the sample by using the specific gravity difference, and the first slag separation step was performed.
- the first alloy separated and recovered in the first slag separation step is again put into an alumina crucible together with 5.0 g of the mixed flux having a SiO 2 / CaO ratio of 1, and slightly more than the first process.
- the second oxidation step was performed while melting at a low temperature of 1450 ° C. and holding for 30 minutes.
- the second oxidation step was performed by oxygen bubbling in which 0.1 L of oxygen was blown per minute in the same manner as in the first process.
- the first alloy that has undergone the oxidation treatment in the second oxidation step is cooled in the furnace, and after the cooling, the second slag and the second alloy are separated and recovered by utilizing the specific gravity difference, and the second slag separation step. Went.
- the recovered second slag was pulverized to 5 mm or less with a hammer.
- pulverized 2nd alloy was melt
- the melting step was performed without performing the pre-oxidation treatment, and the oxidation step and the slag separation step were not performed in two steps and were performed only once.
- the melting and oxidation treatment were performed under the following conditions. About others, it carried out similarly to the Example.
- Table 1 and FIG. 3 show the analysis results of the distribution ratio of metallic iron and metallic cobalt in the first process, the second process, and the comparative example in the examples.
- the distribution ratio of iron in the alloy that is, the mass ratio of metallic iron in the alloy to the total iron amount in terms of iron element is 7% or more.
- the metal cobalt recovery rate is 75% or more and the metal iron mass ratio is 18% or more, the metal cobalt recovery rate can be 90% or more. It can be understood that the separation performance of iron and cobalt is significantly improved as compared with FIG. Further, it can be understood that in the second process in which the second slag is reused as the first flux, separation performance equivalent to at least the first process is realized at a lower melting temperature.
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Abstract
Description
図1に示すように、この有価金属回収方法は、廃電池前処理工程ST10と、予備酸化工程ST20と、乾式工程S20と、湿式工程S30とからなる。このように、本実施例における有価金属回収方法は乾式工程S20において合金を得て、その後に湿式工程S30によって有価金属元素を分離回収するトータルプロセスである。なお、本発明における廃電池とは、使用済み電池のみならず、工程内の不良品等も含む意味である。また、処理対象に廃電池を含んでいればよく、廃電池以外のその他の金属や樹脂等を適宜加えることを排除するものではない。その場合にはその他の金属や樹脂を含めて本発明の廃電池である。
廃電池前処理工程ST10は、廃電池の爆発防止を目的として行われる。すなわち、廃電池は密閉系であり内部に電解液等を有しているため、このまま乾式の熔融処理を行なうと爆発の恐れがあり危険である。このため、何らかの方法でガス抜きのための開孔処理を施す必要がある。これが廃電池前処理工程ST10を行う目的である。
乾式工程S20においては、予備酸化工程ST20で予備酸化処理の行われた廃電池を1450℃以上、好ましくは1650℃以下の温度で熔融して廃電池の熔融物を得る熔融工程ST21をまず行う。熔融工程ST21は従来公知の電気炉等で行うことができる。熔融工程ST21によって、生成される熔融物には、アルミニウム等の酸化物を含有する第1のスラグと、有価金属たるニッケル、コバルト、銅と、有価金属ではない鉄を含む第1の合金とが含まれる。予備酸化工程ST20を行った場合、ここでは酸化処理は行わない。
第1のスラグ分離工程ST22においては、第1のスラグと第1の合金を、その比重差を利用してそれぞれ分離回収する。
続いて第2酸化工程ST23において、第1の合金に対して酸化処理を行う。この酸化処理は、鉄系素材のランスというストロー状の円筒を熔融物内に挿入して酸素を吹き付ける酸素バブリングによって行うことができる。なお、ここでの熔融物は、第1のスラグ分離工程ST22で得られた第1の合金の熔融物そのものであってもよく、一旦冷却した後に再度熔融した熔融物であってもよい。この第2酸化工程ST23によって、鉄等の酸化物である第2のスラグと、有価金属たるニッケル、コバルト、銅を含む第2の合金とが生成される。
第2のスラグ分離工程ST24において、酸化された第1の合金から、第2のスラグと第2の合金を、その比重差を利用して、それぞれ分離回収する。第2のスラグは第2回目以降の熔融工程ST21bにおいてフラックスとして再利用するために一時的に炉外へ排出される。第2の合金には引き続き脱リン工程ST25、合金ショット化工程ST26が施される。
第2のスラグ分離工程ST24に続いて、第2の合金に脱リン工程ST25を行い、第2の合金からリンを除去する。リチウムイオン電池においては、有機溶剤に炭酸エチレンや炭酸ジエチル等、リチウム塩としてLiPF6(ヘキサフルオロリン酸リチウム)等が電解質として使用される。このLiPF6中のリンは比較的酸化され易い性質を有するものの、鉄、コバルト、ニッケル等鉄族元素との親和力も比較的高い性質がある。合金中のリンは、乾式処理で得た合金から各元素を金属として回収する後工程の湿式工程での除去が難しく、不純物として処理系内に蓄積すると操業の継続ができなくなる。脱リン工程ST25において予めリンを除去することにより、これを防ぐことができる。
乾式工程S20の最後に、合金ショット化工程ST26を行う。この工程において、脱リン工程ST25を経た合金を冷却する際に、粒状物(ショット化合金又は単にショットともいう)とする。
約25gの廃リチウムイオン電池(以下「試料」という)を、SiO2/CaO比が1の混合フラックス7.3gとともに、窒素雰囲気の電気炉内に設置したアルミナ製るつぼ内において、1100℃の温度で30分間保持しながら、毎分0.1Lの酸素をアルミナチューブを通じて吹きこむことにより、アルミニウムの全量が酸化するまで酸化を促進させ、予備酸化工程を行った。
第2回目のプロセスにおいては、第1のフラックスとして、第1回目のプロセスで得た第2のスラグを再利用し、また、熔融工程における熔融温度を低下させて有価金属の回収を行った。それ以外の点については、第1回目のプロセスと同じ条件で処理を行った。
ST20 予備酸化工程
S20 乾式工程
ST21 熔融工程
ST22 第1のスラグ分離工程
ST23 第2酸化工程
ST24 第2のスラグ分離工程
ST25 脱リン工程
ST26 合金ショット化工程
S30 湿式工程
ST31 溶解工程
ST32 元素分離工程
1 キルン
10 キルン本体
11 駆動ギヤ
12 バーナーパイプ
13 搬入口
14 排出口
Claims (12)
- アルミニウムと鉄を含む廃電池からの有価金属回収方法であって、
前記廃電池を熔融して熔融物を得る熔融工程と、
前記熔融工程時の前記熔融物に対して、又は、前記熔融工程前の前記廃電池に対して行われ、前記アルミニウムを酸化可能な酸化度で処理する第1酸化工程と、
前記熔融物から、酸化アルミニウムを含む第1のスラグを分離して、鉄を含む第1の合金を得る第1のスラグ分離工程と、
前記の第1の合金又はその熔融物に対して、前記鉄を酸化可能な酸化度で処理する第2酸化工程と、
前記第2酸化工程後の熔融物から、酸化鉄を含む第2のスラグを分離して、コバルトを含む第2の合金を回収する第2のスラグ分離工程と、を備える有価金属回収方法。 - 前記廃電池中の全鉄における、前記第1の合金中の鉄の質量割合が30%以上100%以下である請求項1に記載の有価金属回収方法。
- 前記廃電池中の全コバルトにおける、前記第2の合金中のコバルトの質量割合が75%以上であり、
前記廃電池中の全鉄における、前記第2の合金中の鉄の質量割合が7%以上30%以下である請求項1又は2に記載の有価金属回収方法。 - 前記第1酸化工程が前記熔融工程前の前記廃電池に対して行われ、前記廃電池を焙焼して予備酸化処理を行う予備酸化工程である請求項1から3のいずれかに記載の有価金属回収方法。
- 前記予備酸化工程を600℃以上1250℃以下で行う請求項4に記載の有価金属回収方法。
- 前記第2のスラグ分離工程を1350℃以上1550℃以下で行う請求項1から5のいずれかに記載の有価金属回収方法。
- 前記有価金属回収方法を複数回行うにあたり、
第1回目の前記熔融工程においては、前記廃電池に第1のフラックスを添加してなる混合物を熔融して熔融物を得て、
前記第2酸化工程においては、前記第1の合金に第2のフラックスを添加してなる混合物又はその熔融物を処理し、
第2回目以降の熔融工程においては、前記第1のフラックスに替えて、前記第2のスラグをフラックスとして前記廃電池に添加することを特徴とする請求項1から6のいずれかに記載の有価金属回収方法。 - 前記第2のフラックスが二酸化珪素(SiO2)と石灰(CaO)からなり、その重量比(SiO2/CaO)が0.5以上1.5以下である請求項7に記載の有価金属回収方法。
- 前記第2回目以降の熔融工程後に、前記第1のスラグ分離工程、第2酸化工程及び第2のスラグ分離工程を行って得た前記第2の合金中において、
該第2の合金中のコバルトの前記廃電池中の全コバルトに対する質量割合が75%以上であり、
該第2の合金中の鉄の前記廃電池中の全鉄に対する質量割合が7%以上30%以下である請求項7又は8に記載の有価金属回収方法。 - 第1回目の熔融工程を1450℃以上1650℃以下で行い、前記第2回目以降の熔融工程を1350℃以上1500℃以下で行なう請求項7から9のいずれかに記載の有価金属回収方法。
- 前記第1のフラックス及び/又は第2のフラックスの少なくとも一部が、銅精錬で産出したスラグからなることを特徴とする請求項7から10のいずれかに記載の有価金属回収方法。
- 前記廃電池がリチウムイオン電池である請求項1から11のいずれかに記載の有価金属回収方法。
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CN201280009299.6A CN103380220B (zh) | 2011-02-18 | 2012-02-15 | 有价金属的回收方法 |
EP12746714.0A EP2677048B1 (en) | 2011-02-18 | 2012-02-15 | Valuable metal recovery method |
US13/985,690 US9212406B2 (en) | 2011-02-18 | 2012-02-15 | Valuable metal recovery method |
KR1020137021192A KR101501864B1 (ko) | 2011-02-18 | 2012-02-15 | 유가 금속 회수 방법 |
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JP2011033378A JP5434935B2 (ja) | 2011-02-18 | 2011-02-18 | 有価金属回収方法 |
JP2011090728A JP5569457B2 (ja) | 2011-04-15 | 2011-04-15 | 有価金属回収方法 |
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EP (1) | EP2677048B1 (ja) |
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WO2015086914A1 (fr) * | 2013-12-10 | 2015-06-18 | Fiday Gestion | Procédé de valorisation de piles électriques usagées ou rebutées portables |
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KR101694111B1 (ko) * | 2011-11-28 | 2017-01-06 | 스미토모 긴조쿠 고잔 가부시키가이샤 | 유가 금속 회수 방법 |
CN103526035B (zh) * | 2013-10-31 | 2015-08-05 | 长沙矿冶研究院有限责任公司 | 从废旧锂离子电池和/或其材料中回收有价金属的方法 |
HUE035313T2 (hu) * | 2013-12-23 | 2018-08-28 | Umicore Nv | Lítiumion-akkumulátorok újrahasznosításának folyamata |
DE102014116378B4 (de) | 2014-11-10 | 2016-07-28 | Schott Ag | Verfahren zum Herstellen eines glaskeramischen Ionenleiters |
CN105990617A (zh) * | 2015-02-28 | 2016-10-05 | 微宏动力系统(湖州)有限公司 | 一种废旧锂离子电池电极材料回收再生的方法 |
WO2016141875A1 (zh) * | 2015-03-11 | 2016-09-15 | 长沙矿冶研究院有限责任公司 | 一种废旧电池的回收处理方法 |
JP6819827B2 (ja) | 2018-07-12 | 2021-01-27 | 住友金属鉱山株式会社 | 廃リチウムイオン電池からの有価金属の回収方法 |
WO2020013293A1 (ja) * | 2018-07-12 | 2020-01-16 | 住友金属鉱山株式会社 | 合金粉及びその製造方法 |
CN110010990B (zh) * | 2019-03-27 | 2020-12-01 | 欣旺达电子股份有限公司 | 以退役锂离子电池为原料制备具有氧化铝包覆层的镍钴锰三元材料的方法 |
CN111430831B (zh) * | 2020-03-11 | 2022-02-15 | 中南大学 | 一种废旧锂离子电池负极材料的回收方法 |
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JP6958659B2 (ja) * | 2020-04-07 | 2021-11-02 | 住友金属鉱山株式会社 | 有価金属を回収する方法 |
CN111690816A (zh) * | 2020-06-03 | 2020-09-22 | 广东忠能科技集团有限公司 | 一种炉渣金属生产工艺 |
CN117222766A (zh) * | 2021-04-23 | 2023-12-12 | 住友金属矿山株式会社 | 有价金属的制造方法 |
US11661638B2 (en) | 2021-05-26 | 2023-05-30 | Umicore | Recovery of nickel and cobalt from Li-ion batteries or their waste |
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CN103380220A (zh) | 2013-10-30 |
EP2677048A1 (en) | 2013-12-25 |
KR20130116926A (ko) | 2013-10-24 |
US9212406B2 (en) | 2015-12-15 |
CN103380220B (zh) | 2015-03-11 |
US20140069234A1 (en) | 2014-03-13 |
EP2677048A4 (en) | 2016-02-24 |
EP2677048B1 (en) | 2019-01-23 |
KR101501864B1 (ko) | 2015-03-11 |
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