WO2020013293A1 - 合金粉及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
合金粉及びその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2020013293A1 WO2020013293A1 PCT/JP2019/027575 JP2019027575W WO2020013293A1 WO 2020013293 A1 WO2020013293 A1 WO 2020013293A1 JP 2019027575 W JP2019027575 W JP 2019027575W WO 2020013293 A1 WO2020013293 A1 WO 2020013293A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- alloy powder
- alloy
- cobalt
- nickel
- ion battery
- Prior art date
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- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 238
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 208
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 162
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 82
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 42
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- VDGMIGHRDCJLMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Cu].[Co].[Ni] Chemical group [Cu].[Co].[Ni] VDGMIGHRDCJLMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
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- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 27
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- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 49
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- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 40
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 38
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
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- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 14
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 12
- OMZSGWSJDCOLKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper(II) sulfide Chemical compound [S-2].[Cu+2] OMZSGWSJDCOLKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 238000010306 acid treatment Methods 0.000 description 11
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000010926 waste battery Substances 0.000 description 8
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
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- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 7
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 5
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- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- -1 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 241001115376 Sudan ebolavirus Species 0.000 description 3
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005363 electrowinning Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007561 laser diffraction method Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000790 scattering method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 2
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- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
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- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper oxide Chemical compound [Cu]=O QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005751 Copper oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000570 Cupronickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical compound S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 241000080590 Niso Species 0.000 description 1
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium Chemical compound [Na] KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JJVGROTXXZVGGN-UHFFFAOYSA-H [Li+].[Li+].[Li+].[Li+].[Li+].[Li+].[F-].[F-].[F-].[F-].[F-].[F-] Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[Li+].[Li+].[Li+].[Li+].[F-].[F-].[F-].[F-].[F-].[F-] JJVGROTXXZVGGN-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 229910000905 alloy phase Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001868 cobalt Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000428 cobalt oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IVMYJDGYRUAWML-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt(ii) oxide Chemical compound [Co]=O IVMYJDGYRUAWML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011889 copper foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- YOCUPQPZWBBYIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper nickel Chemical compound [Ni].[Cu] YOCUPQPZWBBYIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000431 copper oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 208000028659 discharge Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000002612 dispersion medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012776 electronic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004993 emission spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000037 hydrogen sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000625 lithium cobalt oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium oxide Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-2] FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001947 lithium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BFZPBUKRYWOWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxido(oxo)cobalt Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][Co]=O BFZPBUKRYWOWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000010309 melting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002815 nickel Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000480 nickel oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000033116 oxidation-reduction process Effects 0.000 description 1
- GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxonickel Chemical compound [Ni]=O GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000104 sodium hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012312 sodium hydride Substances 0.000 description 1
- HYHCSLBZRBJJCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium hydrosulfide Chemical compound [Na+].[SH-] HYHCSLBZRBJJCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910052979 sodium sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GRVFOGOEDUUMBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium sulfide (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[S-2] GRVFOGOEDUUMBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B7/00—Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
- C22B7/001—Dry processes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
- B09B3/40—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless involving thermal treatment, e.g. evaporation
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- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/06—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material
- B22F9/08—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
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- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/06—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material
- B22F9/08—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
- B22F9/082—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B7/00—Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
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- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B9/00—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals
- C22B9/10—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals with refining or fluxing agents; Use of materials therefor, e.g. slagging or scorifying agents
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/04—Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
- C22C1/0425—Copper-based alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/04—Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
- C22C1/0433—Nickel- or cobalt-based alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
- C22C9/06—Alloys based on copper with nickel or cobalt as the next major constituent
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C1/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of solutions
- C25C1/06—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of solutions or iron group metals, refractory metals or manganese
- C25C1/08—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of solutions or iron group metals, refractory metals or manganese of nickel or cobalt
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C1/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of solutions
- C25C1/12—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of solutions of copper
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/54—Reclaiming serviceable parts of waste accumulators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
- H01M4/386—Silicon or alloys based on silicon
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
- H01M4/40—Alloys based on alkali metals
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/06—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material
- B22F9/08—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
- B22F9/082—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid
- B22F2009/0848—Melting process before atomisation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/134—Electrodes based on metals, Si or alloys
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/84—Recycling of batteries or fuel cells
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an alloy powder and a method for producing the same.
- Lithium ion batteries include a negative electrode material in which a negative electrode active material such as graphite is fixed to a negative electrode current collector made of copper foil in a metal outer can made of aluminum or iron, and a nickel current collector that is made of aluminum foil.
- a positive electrode material to which a positive electrode active material such as lithium oxide or lithium cobalt oxide is fixed, a separator made of a porous resin film of polypropylene, and an electrolyte containing an electrolyte such as lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF 6 ) are sealed. It has been known.
- lithium-ion batteries One of the main uses of lithium-ion batteries is in hybrid vehicles and electric vehicles. With the life cycle of vehicles, the installed lithium-ion batteries are expected to be disposed of in large quantities in the future. Many proposals have been made to reuse such used batteries and defective products (hereinafter referred to as “waste lithium-ion batteries”) generated during the manufacture of the batteries as resources. As a method of use, a dry smelting process in which all waste batteries are melted in a high-temperature furnace has been proposed.
- Waste lithium ion batteries contain valuable metals such as copper, nickel and cobalt, and it is desirable to recover these valuable metals when reusing them as resources for lithium ion batteries.
- a copper-nickel alloy is obtained by performing a dry smelting process in the same manner as a general copper smelting process of a dry method. By performing electrolytic refining as above, it is possible to recover electrolytically refined copper and nickel remaining in the electrolytic solution.
- Waste lithium ion batteries contain impurity components such as phosphorus, carbon, aluminum, manganese, iron, and fluorine in addition to valuable metals such as copper, nickel, and cobalt. In doing so, it is necessary to remove these impurity components as much as possible. Of these impurity components, carbon, if left, impedes the separation of metal and slag. In addition, since carbon contributes as a reducing agent, it may hinder proper oxidative removal of other substances. In particular, among the above-mentioned impurity components, phosphorus has a property that is relatively easily reduced, so that when the degree of reduction is adjusted to be too strong in order to increase the recovery rate of copper, nickel, and cobalt, phosphorus is not oxidized and removed. It remains in the metal. On the other hand, if the degree of reduction is adjusted to be too weak, valuable metals will be oxidized and the recovery rate will decrease.
- impurity components such as phosphorus, carbon, aluminum, manganese, iron, and fluorine in
- Patent Document 1 proposes a process of recovering cobalt from a waste lithium ion battery by a dry method, in which a waste lithium ion battery is charged into a melting furnace and oxidized by oxygen.
- Patent Document 2 proposes a process of performing preliminary oxidation before melting in order to stabilize the oxidation treatment. Thereby, the removal of carbon into the gas phase is stabilized, and valuable metals can be stably recovered.
- an oxidation roasting step in which the waste lithium ion battery is roasted to perform an oxidation treatment, and a reduction melting step in which the oxidized waste lithium ion battery is melted in the presence of a reducing agent to obtain a melt.
- a method of separating and recovering the slag and the alloy from the melt In this method, an alloy that does not contain phosphorus, mainly copper, nickel and cobalt, is recovered, and the recovered alloy is used as an anode for electrowinning from a sulfuric acid solution, whereby the alloy can be purified. By purifying the alloy by electrowinning, it becomes possible to recycle these metals contained in the waste lithium ion battery.
- the present invention has been proposed in view of such circumstances, and is, for example, an alloy powder that can be obtained from a waste lithium ion battery, and can be easily dissolved in an acid solution.
- An object of the present invention is to provide an alloy powder capable of efficiently collecting valuable metals contained therein and a method for producing the same.
- the present inventors have conducted intensive studies to solve the above-mentioned problems. As a result, it is possible to easily dissolve in an acid solution by using an alloy powder having a concentrated portion in which the concentration of a small amount of nickel or cobalt is increased on the surface and having a phosphorus grade of less than 0.1% by mass. , Copper, nickel, and cobalt can be promptly recovered by acid treatment, and the present invention has been completed.
- a first invention of the present invention is an alloy powder containing Cu and at least one of Ni and Co as constituent components, wherein at least a surface has a concentration of at least one of Ni and Co. Is an alloy powder in which concentrated portions higher than the average concentration in the entire alloy powder are distributed, and the phosphorus quality is less than 0.1% by mass.
- the second invention of the present invention is the alloy powder according to the first invention, wherein the alloy powder has a plurality of crystallites, and the average diameter of the crystallite is 15 ⁇ m or less.
- a third invention of the present invention is the alloy powder according to the first or second invention, wherein the average particle diameter of the alloy powder is 20 ⁇ m or more and 300 ⁇ m or less.
- the third invention of the present invention is the alloy powder according to any one of the first to third inventions, wherein the alloy powder is a copper-nickel-cobalt alloy powder.
- a fifth invention of the present invention is a method for producing an alloy powder, comprising Cu, at least one of Ni and Co as constituents, and having a phosphorus grade of less than 0.1% by mass. This is a method for producing an alloy powder, comprising a powdering step of powdering a certain fusion gold using a gas atomizing method.
- the seventh invention of the present invention is the method for producing an alloy powder according to the sixth invention, further comprising a preheating step of roasting the waste lithium ion battery at a temperature at which the waste lithium ion battery is not melted, before the melting step. is there.
- An eighth aspect of the present invention in any one of the fifth to seventh aspects, wherein in the powdering step, a method for producing an alloy powder, wherein a melt of a copper-nickel-cobalt alloy is used as the fusion gold. It is.
- an alloy powder that can be obtained from a waste lithium ion battery can be easily dissolved in an acid solution, and valuable metals contained in the alloy powder can be efficiently recovered. It is possible to provide a simple alloy powder and a method for producing the same.
- the present embodiment a specific embodiment of the present invention (hereinafter, referred to as “the present embodiment”) will be described in detail. Note that the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments, and various changes can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention.
- the alloy powder according to the present embodiment is an alloy powder containing Cu and at least one of Ni and Co as a constituent component, and at least the surface has a concentration of at least one of Ni and Co, Concentrated parts higher than the average concentration in the entire alloy powder are distributed, and the phosphorus quality is less than 0.1% by mass. According to such an alloy powder, it can be easily dissolved in an acid solution, so that a large amount of copper, nickel, and cobalt constituting the alloy powder can be quickly recovered by the acid treatment. In addition, such an alloy powder can be obtained from a waste lithium ion battery, for example.
- the alloy powder contains Cu and at least one of Ni and Co as constituent components, and specific examples thereof include copper-nickel-cobalt alloy powder. Specific constituents of the alloy powder are determined by a raw material for obtaining the alloy powder, for example, a composition of a waste lithium ion battery or the like.
- a concentrated portion in which the concentration of at least one of Ni and Co is higher than the average concentration of the entire alloy powder is distributed.
- the enriched portion refers to a portion where at least one of Ni and Co is higher than the average concentration of the entire alloy powder (for example, a Co enriched portion, a Ni enriched portion), and a portion in which the enriched portion has the highest concentration.
- the concentration of at least one of Ni and Co is preferably 3% by mass or more, more preferably 5% by mass or more, higher than the average concentration in the entire alloy powder.
- the portion where the Ni concentration is 20% by mass or more and the portion where the Co concentration is 20% by mass or more distributed in the alloy powder are easily dissolved in the acid solution, and can be regarded as a Co-enriched portion and a Ni-enriched portion, respectively. In a region where neither Ni nor Co is concentrated, there is also a portion where the Cu content is 95% by mass or more, and the leaching rate of such a portion into the acid solution is relatively low. .
- the average concentration of Ni and Co in the entire alloy powder can be determined by using a known method such as ICP emission spectroscopy, and the outer surface of the alloy or the alloy powder is exposed by cutting or polishing.
- the obtained internal plane can be determined by using an analysis method such as a fluorescent X-ray.
- an energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer EDS or the like can be used.
- the area (number of pixels) of the particles occupying the visual field is obtained, and the area of the portion where the atom is determined to be present is calculated as the area (number of pixels).
- the ratio may be determined as an approximate value of the average concentration of the entire atom.
- the concentration of Ni or Co in the enriched portion of the alloy powder can be measured by an energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDS) or the like, and an approximate value is obtained from an image of the measurement result by the same method as the average concentration. be able to.
- EDS energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer
- the alloy powder according to the present embodiment has a phosphorus quality of less than 0.1% by mass.
- the phosphorus content in the alloy powder is preferably less than 0.1% by mass, more preferably less than 0.01% by mass, and most preferably contains no phosphorus.
- the sulfur grade in the alloy powder is preferably small for the same reason as the phosphorus grade, and for example, is preferably less than 0.1% by mass.
- the alloy powder is a copper-nickel-cobalt alloy powder
- the average composition of the alloy powder is, for example, a Cu content in the range of 50% by mass or more and 97% by mass or less and a Ni content of Those whose content is in the range of 3% by mass or more and 30% by mass or less, or whose content of Co is in the range of 3% by mass or more and 30% by mass or less are exemplified.
- examples of the alloy powder containing both Ni and Co include those having a total content of Ni and Co in a range of 3% by mass or more and 50% by mass or less.
- the alloy powder may contain impurities in addition to Cu, Ni and Co.
- impurities in the alloy powder are obtained in particular by a method described later, they are often elements having an affinity for oxygen smaller than that of carbon, and examples thereof include iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn).
- the total content of impurities in the alloy powder is preferably small, preferably 10% by mass or less, more preferably 5% by mass or less, and even more preferably 3% by mass or less.
- the alloy powder according to the present embodiment has a plurality of crystallites, and the average diameter of these crystallites is preferably 15 ⁇ m or less. As a result, a large number of grain boundaries generated between adjacent crystallites are present in the alloy powder.
- the acid solution enters the grain boundaries, the acid solution is supplied to each crystallite, and the value of the valuable metal is reduced. Leaching into the acid solution proceeds.
- the acid solution when the acid enters the void after leaching, the acid solution easily permeates the entire alloy powder. Thus, the leaching of the valuable metal from the alloy powder can be advanced more efficiently.
- the average diameter of crystallites constituting the alloy powder can be preferably 15 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 3 ⁇ m or less, based on the sectional area. Thus, the leaching of the valuable metal can be promptly performed.
- the average diameter of crystallites contained in the alloy powder can be measured by a scanning electron microscope (SEM). More specifically, the grid of the grid is superimposed on the SEM photograph of the cross section of the alloy powder, the number of intersections between the vertical and horizontal grids and the grain boundaries within a predetermined range is counted, and the total length of the grid within that range ( However, the average length of the line segment that crosses the cross section of each crystallite shown in the SEM photograph is obtained by dividing the length of the grid that crosses the grain boundary (not including the length that crosses the grain boundary) by the number of intersections.
- SEM scanning electron microscope
- the average length of this line segment is It can be approximated by the length of a chord across a circle of equal area. Then, by multiplying the average length of this line segment by (4 / ⁇ ), it can be converted into the crystallite diameter in the SEM photograph. By dividing this diameter by the SEM magnification, the diameter is included in the alloy powder. The average diameter of the crystallite to be obtained is determined. At this time, in order to evaluate the efficiency of leaching valuable metals, it is preferable to find the average diameter of crystallites having a diameter of 0.1 ⁇ m or more.
- the number of intersections between the horizontal grid and the grain boundaries within the range of 5 ⁇ 5 squares where the vertical and horizontal grids intersect when the grid of grids with 1 cm vertical and horizontal widths represented by virtual lines are superimposed on the SEM photograph of the powder Are counted at 24 locations (reference numerals 1 to 24 in FIG. 3), and the number of intersections between the vertical grid and the grain boundaries is counted at 20 locations (reference numerals a to t in FIG. 3).
- the height is 60 cm.
- the alloy powder according to the present embodiment preferably has an average particle size in a range of 20 ⁇ m or more and 300 ⁇ m or less.
- the average particle size of the alloy powder is set to 300 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 100 ⁇ m or less, the specific surface area of the alloy powder is increased, thereby increasing the contact area with the acid solution. Therefore, when recovering copper, nickel, and cobalt from the alloy powder, the alloy powder is more easily dissolved in the acid solution, so that these valuable metals can be recovered more efficiently.
- the average particle size of the alloy powder is preferably 20 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 25 ⁇ m or more.
- the average particle diameter of the alloy powder is a value determined based on the volume average diameter by a laser diffraction / scattering method.
- the alloy powder according to the present embodiment preferably has a maximum particle size of 400 ⁇ m or less. By making the maximum particle size of the alloy powder small, it is possible to suppress the unreacted alloy powder from remaining when performing acid treatment on the alloy powder.
- the alloy powder according to the present embodiment contains Cu, at least one of Ni and Co as constituents, and powders a fusion gold having a phosphorus grade of less than 0.1% by mass using a gas atomization method.
- a waste lithium ion battery as a raw material.
- the raw material of the alloy powder is not limited to the waste lithium ion battery, and may be, for example, an electronic material such as a used circuit board or a defective product generated during the manufacturing thereof.
- the term “waste lithium ion battery” refers to a used lithium ion battery, a defective product generated in a manufacturing process of a positive electrode material or the like constituting the lithium ion battery, a residue inside the manufacturing process, a generated waste, and the like. This is a concept including waste materials in the manufacturing process of a lithium ion battery. In recovering valuable metals from a waste lithium ion battery, a mixture of waste lithium ion batteries is often treated.
- the waste lithium-ion battery contains, for example, impurities such as phosphorus in addition to valuable metals such as copper, nickel and cobalt.
- FIG. 1 is a process chart showing an example of a flow of a method for producing an alloy powder from a waste lithium ion battery.
- a method for producing an alloy powder includes a waste battery pretreatment step S1 for removing an electrolyte solution and an outer can of a waste lithium ion battery, and a grinding step S2 for grinding the contents of the battery into a crushed material.
- a powdering step S5 of powdering the alloy material As shown in FIG. 2, the melting step S3 includes a preheating step S31 for preheating the pulverized material, and a main melting step S32 for obtaining the molten material by fusing and alloying the preheated pulverized material. May be provided.
- the waste battery pretreatment step S1 is performed for the purpose of preventing explosion or harmlessness of the waste lithium ion battery, removing the outer can, and the like. That is, for example, a waste lithium ion battery such as a used lithium ion battery is a closed system and has an electrolytic solution or the like inside. is there. Therefore, it is necessary to perform discharge treatment or electrolytic solution removal treatment by some method. As described above, by removing the electrolytic solution and the outer can in the waste battery pretreatment step S1, the safety can be improved and the productivity of the alloy powder can be increased.
- the specific method of the waste battery pretreatment step S1 is not particularly limited. For example, by physically opening the battery with a needle-like blade, the internal electrolyte can be drained and removed. . Alternatively, the waste lithium ion battery may be heated as it is to make the electrolyte solution harmless by burning.
- the outer can is often made of metal such as aluminum or iron, such a metal outer can can be easily collected as it is through the waste battery pretreatment step S1.
- the removed outer can can be pulverized and then sieved using a sieve shaker.
- the iron contained in the outer can can be recovered by sorting by magnetic force.
- a specific pulverizing method in the pulverizing step S2 is not particularly limited, but the contents of the battery can be pulverized using a conventionally known pulverizer such as a cutter mixer.
- the melting step S3 is performed on the pulverized product of the waste lithium ion battery that has passed through the pulverizing step S2.
- the melting step S3 includes at least the main melting step S32.
- a preheating step S31 for roasting the pulverized waste lithium-ion battery at a temperature at which it is not melted is performed. May go.
- impurities contained in the contents of the battery can be volatilized by heating or removed by thermal decomposition.
- the preheating step S31 it is preferable to perform heating at a temperature of 650 ° C. or higher (preheating temperature).
- preheating temperature By setting the preheating temperature to 650 ° C. or higher, the efficiency of removing impurities contained in the battery can be further increased, and the processing time can be reduced.
- the upper limit of the preheating temperature is set to a temperature at which the pulverized waste lithium battery is not melted, and more specifically, it is preferably set to 900 ° C. or lower. Thus, melting of the waste lithium ion battery in the preheating step S31 can be avoided, thermal energy costs can be suppressed, and processing efficiency can be increased.
- the preheating step S31 is preferably performed in the presence of an oxidizing agent.
- an oxidizing agent As a result, of the impurities contained in the contents of the battery, carbon can be oxidized and removed, and the degree of oxidation that can oxidize aluminum can be reached.
- by oxidizing and removing carbon it becomes possible for the metal fine particles locally generated in the subsequent main melting step S32 to agglomerate without physical obstacles caused by carbon.
- the material can be easily recovered as an integrated alloy.
- the main elements constituting the waste lithium-ion battery are generally easily oxidized in the order of aluminum> lithium> carbon> manganese> phosphorus> iron> cobalt> nickel> copper due to the difference in affinity with oxygen.
- the oxidizing agent used in the preheating step S31 is not particularly limited, but it is preferable to use an oxygen-containing gas such as air, pure oxygen, or an oxygen-enriched gas from the viewpoint of easy handling.
- the amount of the oxidizing agent introduced here can be, for example, about 1.2 times the chemical equivalent required for oxidizing each substance to be oxidized.
- the pulverized waste lithium ion battery after preheating is melted, if necessary, to obtain a molten material composed of an alloy material and slag.
- unnecessary phosphorus is included in the slag, and aluminum is also included in the slag as an oxide.
- oxides of copper, nickel, and cobalt which are relatively difficult to form oxides, are reduced and melted together with these unoxidized metals to form an alloy phase, so that valuable metals such as copper and nickel, An alloy material containing cobalt and having a phosphorus quality reduced to less than 0.1% by mass can be obtained as an integrated alloy from the melt.
- This melting step S32 may be performed in the presence of an oxidizing agent or a reducing agent in order to appropriately adjust the degree of oxidation reduction when melting the waste lithium ion battery.
- a known oxidizing agent can be used.
- a solid oxidizing agent may be added to the waste lithium ion battery, or a gaseous oxidizing agent may be introduced into the furnace.
- a reducing agent containing a carbon atom is preferable.
- the oxides of copper, nickel, and cobalt, which are contained in the waste lithium-ion battery and are to be recovered can be easily reduced.
- the reducing agent containing a carbon atom include graphite capable of reducing 2 moles of a metal oxide such as copper oxide or nickel oxide with 1 mole of carbon.
- hydrocarbons that can reduce 2 to 4 moles of metal oxide per mole of carbon, carbon monoxide that can reduce 1 mole of metal oxide per mole of carbon, and the like can also be used as carbon sources.
- the metal oxide can be efficiently reduced, and an alloy material containing copper, nickel, and cobalt can be more effectively obtained. Further, the reduction using carbon has an advantage that the reacted carbon is easily removed as carbon dioxide gas.
- the heating temperature (battery melting temperature) in the melting treatment in the main melting step S32 is not particularly limited as long as it is a temperature within a range in which the pulverized waste lithium ion battery can be melted. More preferably, the temperature is 1350 ° C. or higher.
- the melting treatment is performed at a temperature of 1300 ° C. or higher, the alloy material is formed from a state in which the fluidity is sufficiently increased by the melting, so that the efficiency of separating the alloy material and impurities in the slag separation step S4 described below is improved. be able to.
- the battery melting temperature is preferably set to 1500 ° C. or lower.
- a flux may be used.
- oxides such as aluminum and phosphorus can be dissolved in the flux and taken in the slag and removed.
- dust and exhaust gas may be generated, but can be rendered harmless by performing a conventionally known exhaust gas treatment.
- the alloy material containing valuable metals is recovered by separating the slag containing phosphorus from the melt obtained in the main melting step S32.
- the alloy material and the slag contained in the melt have different specific gravities, the alloy material with reduced phosphorus and the slag containing phosphorus can be respectively recovered using the difference in the specific gravity.
- An alloy material containing Cu and at least one of Ni and Co as constituents can be recovered, and in particular, an alloy material having a phosphorus grade of less than 0.1% by mass can be recovered.
- the powdering step S5 is a step of pulverizing the fusion gold obtained by melting the alloy material, whereby an alloy powder having a concentrated portion with an increased concentration of Ni or Co on the surface can be obtained.
- the atomizing method is a method in which an alloy melt obtained by melting an alloy material is scattered in a mist state and rapidly cooled.
- the temperature condition (alloy melting temperature) when the alloy material is melted to obtain an alloy melt is not particularly limited, but is preferably in the range of 1320 ° C to 1600 ° C, and more preferably in the range of 1400 ° C to 1550 ° C. Is more preferable.
- the alloy melting temperature is preferably set to 1600 ° C. or lower, more preferably 1550 ° C. or lower.
- the alloy melt obtained by melting is a gas atomization method in which the alloy melt flows down from a crucible or the like, high-pressure gas is blown as a medium to the flowing alloy melt, and the alloy melt is scattered in a mist and rapidly cooled (solidified). By using, it can be made into powder.
- the gas atomization method as a method of pulverizing the alloy material, the constituents of the alloy material are quenched with a slight time difference, whereby nickel atoms and cobalt atoms contained in the alloy material are microscopically concentrated. In addition, macroscopic concentration such that nickel and cobalt gather at the center of the particle becomes difficult.
- the medium sprayed on the alloy melt has a role of a refrigerant for cooling the alloy melt and a role of a dispersion medium for dispersing the alloy melt in the medium.
- an inert gas which does not easily react with the molten alloy can be used, and nitrogen, argon, and water vapor can also be used at a low cost.
- the blowing pressure of the gas serving as the medium is set to a pressure that is higher than the volume flow rate of the molten alloy so that the volume flow rate of the medium becomes larger.
- the alloy melt can be scattered over a wide range.
- the volume flow rate of the medium can be rapidly cooled.
- the absolute temperature of the medium when sprayed on the alloy melt is preferably less than ⁇ of the absolute temperature of the melting point of the alloy melt, more preferably 373K or less. At such a low temperature, crystal growth during solidification of the alloy melt can be prevented.
- the medium a medium having the same temperature as the atmosphere may be used. For example, by supplying the medium from a gas cylinder at room temperature, the medium can be used at lower cost.
- the atomizing method it is possible to adjust the particle size of the alloy powder by changing the ratio of the molten alloy to the gas or liquid.
- the ratio of the molten alloy to the gas or liquid it is necessary to reduce the supply amount of the alloy melt and increase the supply amount of the gas, so that the production efficiency of the alloy powder tends to decrease.
- the process of recovering valuable metals from the alloy powder according to the present embodiment can be performed by a known method, and is not particularly limited. Among them, acid leaching treatment is preferable in that copper, nickel, and cobalt can be separately recovered without requiring a large amount of electric energy as in electrolytic refining.
- the alloy powder is brought into contact with the acid solution in the presence of a sulfide agent.
- a sulfide agent By performing this treatment, copper, nickel, and cobalt are leached from the alloy powder into the liquid, and copper can be precipitated as copper sulfide. Therefore, a solid containing copper sulfide and a leaching liquid containing nickel and cobalt are contained. And can be obtained.
- the alloy powder according to the present embodiment has a concentrated portion in which the concentration of nickel and cobalt is increased on the surface, so that copper, nickel, and cobalt contained in the concentrated portion are leached into an acid solution,
- the contact area between the alloy powder and the acid solution is increased by the acid entering the void after leaching.
- a single sulfur can be used as the sulfurizing agent, but a liquid or gaseous sulfurating agent such as sodium hydrogen sulfide (sodium hydride), sodium sulfide, or hydrogen sulfide gas may be used.
- a liquid or gaseous sulfurating agent such as sodium hydrogen sulfide (sodium hydride), sodium sulfide, or hydrogen sulfide gas may be used.
- sulfuric acid solution sulfuric acid or nitric acid can be preferably used.
- chloride or the like may be added to promote leaching of nickel and cobalt from the alloy powder.
- an oxidizing agent such as oxygen or hydrogen peroxide may be added to the acid solution, and in this case also, leaching of nickel and cobalt from the alloy powder is promoted.
- the amount of the acid solution to be brought into contact with the alloy is, for example, such that the content of the acid is at least 1 equivalent obtained by the above formulas (2) to (3) with respect to the total amount of nickel and cobalt contained in the alloy. Is an amount of 1 equivalent to 24 equivalents, more preferably 1 equivalent to 11 equivalents or less.
- the acid concentration in the acid solution is increased, the leaching speed of nickel and cobalt can be increased.
- the amount of the sulphidizing agent to be brought into contact with the alloy is preferably at least 1 equivalent obtained by the above formula (1) with respect to the amount of copper contained in the alloy.
- the temperature at which the acid powder and the sulfurizing agent are brought into contact with the alloy powder is, for example, 50 ° C. or higher, preferably 75 ° C. or higher, more preferably 95 ° C. or higher. This temperature is maintained until the leaching of the valuable metal into the acid solution is completed. Is preferably maintained. In particular, when the temperature at which the acid solution is brought into contact with the alloy powder is set to 95 ° C. or higher, the reaction rate can be remarkably increased as compared with, for example, the reaction at less than 75 ° C.
- the reaction time for contacting the acid solution with the alloy powder can be, for example, 1 to 6 hours.
- the alloy solution When an acid solution or a sulfide agent is brought into contact with the alloy, the alloy solution is added to a mixture of the acid solution and the sulfide agent, or the alloy solution is brought into contact with the alloy. It is preferable to make contact. On the other hand, if the acid solution is brought into contact with the alloy in the absence of the sulphidizing agent, the leaching of the valuable metal into the acid solution tends to be insufficient.
- the copper sulfide recovered by the present embodiment can be used as it is as a raw material in the existing copper smelting process.
- high-purity copper can be obtained by electrolytically refining an anode obtained from copper sulfide.
- the nickel and cobalt leached in the leachate are supplied to the existing nickel smelting process, where nickel and cobalt are separated using solvent extraction and other means, and nickel and cobalt metals are obtained by electrolytic sampling. It can be purified as nickel salts or cobalt salts and recycled again as a raw material for lithium ion batteries.
- the alloy powder according to the present embodiment is characterized in that it has a concentrated portion in which the concentration of nickel or cobalt is increased on the surface, and the phosphorus quality is less than 0.1% by mass. Since this alloy powder is particularly formed by rapid solidification, it can be easily dissolved in an acid solution. Therefore, valuable metals such as copper, nickel and cobalt can be efficiently recovered from the alloy powder.
- the alloy material is composed of 73.4% by mass Cu-12.1% by mass Ni-12.6% by mass Co-1.6% by mass Fe-0.1% by mass Mn, and both sulfur grade and phosphorus grade are 0.
- a copper-nickel-cobalt alloy of less than 0.1% by mass the alloy material was powdered by a gas atomization method, and a concentrated portion having a high concentration of Ni or Co was formed.
- the copper-nickel-cobalt alloy is pulverized by removing the electrolytic solution from the waste lithium-ion battery, and the resulting pulverized material is brought into contact with air with a surface area sufficient to oxidize the pulverized material, and oxidized and roasted at 700 ° C. Preheating), followed by mixing graphite powder as a reducing agent and melting at 1500 ° C. to obtain a melt obtained by separating slag.
- the copper-nickel-cobalt alloy was heated to an alloy melting temperature of 1500 ° C., and the obtained molten alloy, which was a fusion gold, was pulverized by gas atomization by blowing argon gas at atmospheric temperature to obtain an alloy powder. .
- the diameter of crystallites of this alloy powder was measured using a scanning electron microscope (JSM-5510, manufactured by JEOL Ltd.).
- the crystallites had a diameter of 15 ⁇ m or less. And 1.4 ⁇ m based on the sectional area.
- the particle size of the alloy powder was measured by a laser diffraction / scattering method using a particle size distribution measuring device (LA-950, manufactured by Horiba, Ltd.).
- the average particle diameter (volume average diameter) of the alloy powder was 4 to 344 ⁇ m, and was 74 ⁇ m.
- the temperature of the acid solution was raised to 95 ° C., the alloy powder and the sulphidizing agent were simultaneously added, and the mixture was stirred for 6 hours to carry out the acid treatment.
- the analysis was performed using an ICP analyzer (Agilent Technology Co., Ltd., Agilent 5100 SUDV), and the concentrations of copper, nickel, and cobalt were determined.
- the leaching rate of nickel and cobalt contained in the alloy powder into the filtrate (leaching solution) was 99%, and the entire amount contained in the alloy powder was contained in the leaching solution.
- the leaching rate of copper was suppressed to 0.1%, and almost the entire amount was precipitated as copper sulfide.
- Example 2 The alloy powder obtained in Example 1 was classified so that the maximum particle size was 45 ⁇ m or less.
- the average concentration of Ni and Co in the whole alloy powder particles was measured using an energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (manufactured by JEOL Ltd., model number JSM-7100F).
- the average concentration of Ni was 12%, and the average concentration of Co was 13%.
- the enriched portion where the concentration of Ni and Co was higher than the average concentration of the whole particles was found to be It was found that it was distributed on the surface of.
- the particle diameter of the classified alloy powder was measured by a laser diffraction / scattering method using a particle diameter distribution measuring device (LA-950, manufactured by Horiba, Ltd.), and the average particle diameter (volume average diameter) was measured.
- LA-950 particle diameter distribution measuring device
- the obtained alloy powder was subjected to acid treatment in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the stirring time was changed to 4 hours, and the solid (liquid) was separated by filtration.
- the filtrate (leaching solution) was subjected to ICP analysis (Agilent Technology). Analysis was performed using Agilent 5100 SUDV (manufactured by Co., Ltd.), and the concentrations of copper, nickel, and cobalt were determined.
- the leaching rate of nickel and cobalt contained in the alloy powder into the filtrate (leaching solution) was 99%, and the entire amount contained in the alloy powder was contained in the leaching solution.
- the leaching rate of copper was suppressed to 0.1%, and almost the entire amount was precipitated as copper sulfide.
- the enriched portion where the concentration of Ni and Co is higher than the average concentration of the whole particles is distributed on the surface, and the phosphorus quality is based on the alloy powder having less than 0.1% by mass. Even when it was included, it was found that a large amount of valuable metals such as copper, nickel and cobalt could be promptly recovered by acid treatment.
- Example 1 The same alloy material as in Example 1 was solidified as a button ingot without performing powderization by gas atomization, and then subjected to an acid treatment.
- the average concentration of Ni and Co in the entire alloy powder particles was measured using an energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (manufactured by JEOL Ltd., model number JSM-7100F).
- the average concentration of Ni was 12%
- the average concentration of Co was 13%.
- the concentration distribution of Ni and Co on the surface of the button ingot was almost uniform, and the one corresponding to the concentrated portion did not exist on the surface.
- the button ingot before the acid treatment was measured for crystallite diameter using a scanning electron microscope (manufactured by JEOL Ltd., JSM-5510), and no grain boundary was observed. It was 100 ⁇ m or more.
- the particle size of the button ingot before acid treatment was measured using a caliper, and it was found to be 5 mm in thickness and 27 mm in diameter.
- This alloy material was subjected to an acid treatment in the same manner as in Example 1, and the filtrate (leachate) obtained by solid-liquid separation by filtration was analyzed using an ICP analyzer (Agilent Technology Co., Ltd., Agilent 5100 SUDV). , Copper, nickel and cobalt were determined.
- the leaching rate of nickel contained in the alloy material in the filtrate (leaching solution), the leaching rate of cobalt in the filtrate (leaching solution), and the leaching rate of copper in the filtrate (leaching solution) were all 0.1%. And the leaching of copper, nickel and cobalt into the liquid hardly proceeded.
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Abstract
Description
本実施の形態に係る合金粉は、Cuと、Ni及びCoのうち少なくともいずれかと、を構成成分として含有する合金粉であって、少なくとも表面に、Ni及びCoのうち少なくともいずれかの濃度が、合金粉の全体における平均濃度より高い濃縮部が分布し、且つリン品位が0.1質量%未満である。このような合金粉によれば、酸溶液に容易に溶解させることができるため、合金粉を構成している銅やニッケル、コバルトを、酸処理によって速やかに多く回収することができる。なお、このような合金粉は、例えば廃リチウムイオン電池から得ることができる。
合金粉は、Cuと、Ni及びCoのうち少なくともいずれかと、を構成成分として含有するものであり、その具体例として銅ニッケルコバルト合金粉が挙げられる。合金粉における具体的な構成成分は、合金粉を得るための原料、例えば廃リチウムイオン電池等の組成によって決まるものである。
本実施の形態に係る合金粉は、複数の結晶子を有しており、これらの結晶子の平均直径が15μm以下であることが好ましい。これにより、隣接する結晶子の間に生じる粒界が合金粉に多く存在することになり、この粒界に酸溶液が入り込むことで、各々の結晶子に酸溶液が供給されて、有価金属の酸溶液への浸出が進められる。また、浸出後の空隙に酸が入り込むことで、合金粉の全体に酸溶液が浸透し易くなる。これらにより、合金粉からの有価金属の浸出をより効率よく進めることができる。
本実施の形態に係る合金粉は、平均粒径が20μm以上300μm以下の範囲内にあることが好ましい。合金粉の平均粒径を300μm以下、より好ましくは100μm以下にすることで、合金粉の比表面積が高まり、それにより酸溶液との接触面積が高められる。そのため、合金粉から銅やニッケル、コバルトを回収する際に、より容易に酸溶液に合金粉が溶解することで、これらの有価金属をより効率よく回収することができる。
本実施の形態に係る合金粉は、Cuと、Ni及びCoのうち少なくともいずれかと、を構成成分として含有し、リン品位が0.1質量%未満である熔融合金を、ガスアトマイズ法を用いて粉末化させる粉末化工程を有する製造方法によって得ることができ、例えば廃リチウムイオン電池を原料として得ることができる。ここで、合金粉の原料は、廃リチウムイオン電池に限られず、例えば、使用済みの回路基板等の電子材料や、その製造中に生じた不良品であってもよい。
廃電池前処理工程S1は、廃リチウムイオン電池の爆発防止又は無害化、外装缶除去等を目的として行われる。すなわち、例えば使用済みのリチウムイオン電池等の廃リチウムイオン電池は密閉系であり、内部に電解液等を有しているため、そのままの状態で粉砕処理を行うと、爆発の恐れがあり危険である。このため、何らかの方法で放電処理や電解液の除去処理を施す必要がある。このように、廃電池前処理工程S1において電解液及び外装缶を除去することで、安全性を高め、また、合金粉の生産性を高めることができる。
粉砕工程S2では、廃電池前処理工程S1を経て得られた電池内容物を粉砕して粉砕物を得る。粉砕工程S2における処理は、次工程以降での反応効率を高めることを目的として行われ、反応効率を高めることで、有価金属の回収率を高めることができる。
粉砕工程S2を経た廃リチウムイオン電池の粉砕物に対して、熔融工程S3を行う。熔融工程S3は、少なくとも本熔融工程S32を有するものであるが、本熔融工程S32の前に、必要に応じて、廃リチウムイオン電池の粉砕物を熔融しない温度で焙焼する予備加熱工程S31を行ってもよい。ここで、予備加熱工程S31を行うことで、電池の内容物中に含まれる不純物を、加熱によって揮発させ、又は熱分解させて除去することができる。
本熔融工程S32では、必要に応じて予備加熱した後の廃リチウムイオン電池の粉砕物を熔融して、合金材料とスラグとからなる熔融物を得る。これにより、不要となるリンはスラグに含まれるようになり、アルミニウムも酸化物としてスラグに含まれるようになる。他方で、相対的に酸化物を形成し難い銅やニッケル、コバルトの酸化物は還元され、酸化していないこれらの金属とともに熔融して合金相を形成するため、有価金属である銅やニッケル、コバルトを含有し、且つリン品位が0.1質量%未満にまで低減された合金材料を、熔融物から一体化した合金として得ることができる。
スラグ分離工程S4では、本熔融工程S32において得られる熔融物からリンを含むスラグを分離することで、有価金属を含む合金材料を回収する。ここで、熔融物に含まれる合金材料とスラグは、比重が異なるため、その比重の違いを利用して、リンの低減された合金材料と、リンを含むスラグとを、それぞれ回収することができる。Cuと、Ni及びCoのうち少なくともいずれかと、を構成成分として含有する合金材料を回収することができ、特にリン品位が0.1質量%未満である合金材料を回収することも可能である。
粉末化工程S5は、合金材料を熔融して得られる熔融合金を粉末化させる工程であり、これによりNiやCoの濃度が高められた濃縮部を表面に有する合金粉を得ることができる。
本実施の形態に係る合金粉から有価金属を回収する処理は、公知の方法により行うことができ、特に限定されない。その中でも、酸浸出処理を行うことが、電解精錬のように大量の電気エネルギーを要することなく、銅と、ニッケル及びコバルトとを、それぞれ別個に回収することができる点で好ましい。
酸浸出処理は、合金粉に対して、硫化剤の存在下で合金粉と酸溶液とを接触させるものである。この処理を行うことで、銅やニッケル、コバルトが合金粉から液中に浸出し、このうち銅を硫化銅として析出させることができるため、硫化銅を含む固体と、ニッケル及びコバルトを含有する浸出液とを得ることができる。特に、本実施の形態に係る合金粉は、ニッケルやコバルトの濃度が高められた濃縮部を表面に有することで、濃縮部に含まれる銅やニッケル、コバルトの酸溶液への浸出が促進され、また、浸出後の空隙に酸が入り込むことで合金粉と酸溶液との接触面積が高められる。これにより、合金粉が酸溶液に容易に溶解するため、合金粉からの有価金属の浸出をより効率よく進めることができる。また、本実施の形態に係る合金粉は、リン品位が小さいため、回収された有価金属のリンによる汚染を低減させることができる。
Cu+S→CuS (1)
Ni+H2SO4→NiSO4+H2 (2)
Co+H2SO4→CoSO4+H2 (3)
本実施の形態によって回収された硫化銅は、そのまま既存の銅製錬工程の原料として用いることができ、例えば硫化銅から得られるアノードを電解精製することで、高純度な銅を得ることができる。
合金材料として、73.4質量%Cu-12.1質量%Ni-12.6質量%Co-1.6質量%Fe-0.1質量%Mnからなり、硫黄品位とリン品位がいずれも0.1質量%未満の銅ニッケルコバルト合金を用い、ガスアトマイズ法を用いて、合金材料を粉末化させるとともに、NiやCoの濃度が高い濃縮部を形成させた。この銅ニッケルコバルト合金は、廃リチウムイオン電池から電解液を除去して粉砕し、得られる粉砕物に、粉砕物を酸化させるのに十分な表面積で空気と接触させて700℃で酸化焙焼(予備加熱)し、次いで還元剤である黒鉛粉を混合して1500℃で熔融して得られる熔融物から、スラグを分離することで得たものである。
実施例1で得られた合金粉について、最大粒径が45μm以下になるように分級を行った。
実施例1と同じ合金材料に対して、ガスアトマイズによる粉末化を行わずにボタン鋳塊として凝固させたものに、酸処理を行った。
Claims (8)
- Cuと、Ni及びCoのうち少なくともいずれかと、を構成成分として含有する合金粉であって、
少なくとも表面に、Ni及びCoのうち少なくともいずれかの濃度が、前記合金粉の全体における平均濃度より高い濃縮部が分布し、
リン品位が0.1質量%未満である
合金粉。 - 前記合金粉が複数の結晶子を有してなり、
前記結晶子の平均直径が15μm以下である、
請求項1に記載の合金粉。 - 前記合金粉の平均粒径が20μm以上300μm以下である、
請求項1又は2に記載の合金粉。 - 前記合金粉は、銅ニッケルコバルト合金粉である、
請求項1から3のいずれかに記載の合金粉。 - 合金粉の製造方法であって、
Cuと、Ni及びCoのうち少なくともいずれかと、を構成成分として含有し、リン品位が0.1質量%未満である熔融合金を、ガスアトマイズ法を用いて粉末化させる粉末化工程を有する、
合金粉の製造方法。 - 廃リチウムイオン電池を熔融して熔融物を得る熔融工程と、
前記熔融物からリンを含むスラグを分離して、Cuと、Ni及びCoのうち少なくともいずれかと、を含有する合金材料を回収するスラグ分離工程と、
前記合金材料からなる前記熔融合金を粉末化させる粉末化工程と、を有する
請求項5に記載の合金粉の製造方法。 - 前記熔融工程の前に、廃リチウムイオン電池を熔融しない温度で焙焼する予備加熱工程をさらに有する
請求項6に記載の合金粉の製造方法。 - 前記熔融合金として、銅ニッケルコバルト合金の熔融物を用いる、
請求項5から7のいずれかに記載の合金粉の製造方法。
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JP2021161456A (ja) * | 2020-03-30 | 2021-10-11 | 住友金属鉱山株式会社 | 廃リチウムイオン電池からの有価金属の回収方法 |
JP7006739B1 (ja) | 2020-08-28 | 2022-01-24 | 住友金属鉱山株式会社 | 合金粉及びその製造方法、並びに有価金属の回収方法 |
WO2022044931A1 (ja) * | 2020-08-28 | 2022-03-03 | 住友金属鉱山株式会社 | アトマイズ装置、金属粉体の製造方法、並びに有価金属の製造方法 |
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JP7124923B1 (ja) | 2021-04-23 | 2022-08-24 | 住友金属鉱山株式会社 | 有価金属の製造方法 |
JP7359062B2 (ja) | 2020-03-30 | 2023-10-11 | 住友金属鉱山株式会社 | 廃リチウムイオン電池からの有価金属の回収方法 |
EP4108349A4 (en) * | 2020-02-21 | 2024-05-01 | Sumitomo Metal Mining Co | METHOD FOR TREATING AN ALLOY |
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AU2019227094A1 (en) * | 2018-03-01 | 2020-10-15 | Aurum Integra Inc. | Method for selectively oxidizing metals of an alloy |
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EP4108349A4 (en) * | 2020-02-21 | 2024-05-01 | Sumitomo Metal Mining Co | METHOD FOR TREATING AN ALLOY |
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WO2022044934A1 (ja) * | 2020-08-28 | 2022-03-03 | 住友金属鉱山株式会社 | 合金粉及びその製造方法、並びに有価金属の回収方法 |
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JP7006739B1 (ja) | 2020-08-28 | 2022-01-24 | 住友金属鉱山株式会社 | 合金粉及びその製造方法、並びに有価金属の回収方法 |
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JP2022167445A (ja) * | 2021-04-23 | 2022-11-04 | 住友金属鉱山株式会社 | 有価金属の製造方法 |
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KR20210024051A (ko) | 2021-03-04 |
KR102390724B1 (ko) | 2022-04-26 |
JPWO2020013293A1 (ja) | 2021-04-30 |
CN112423913B (zh) | 2023-05-23 |
EP3822000A4 (en) | 2022-04-20 |
US11859264B2 (en) | 2024-01-02 |
US20210126300A1 (en) | 2021-04-29 |
JP6940003B2 (ja) | 2021-09-22 |
EP3822000A1 (en) | 2021-05-19 |
CN112423913A (zh) | 2021-02-26 |
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