WO2012111678A1 - 超電導線材及び超電導線材の製造方法 - Google Patents
超電導線材及び超電導線材の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012111678A1 WO2012111678A1 PCT/JP2012/053435 JP2012053435W WO2012111678A1 WO 2012111678 A1 WO2012111678 A1 WO 2012111678A1 JP 2012053435 W JP2012053435 W JP 2012053435W WO 2012111678 A1 WO2012111678 A1 WO 2012111678A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N60/00—Superconducting devices
- H10N60/01—Manufacture or treatment
- H10N60/0268—Manufacture or treatment of devices comprising copper oxide
- H10N60/0296—Processes for depositing or forming superconductor layers
- H10N60/0576—Processes for depositing or forming superconductor layers characterised by the substrate
- H10N60/0632—Intermediate layers, e.g. for growth control
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B12/00—Superconductive or hyperconductive conductors, cables, or transmission lines
- H01B12/02—Superconductive or hyperconductive conductors, cables, or transmission lines characterised by their form
- H01B12/06—Films or wires on bases or cores
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B13/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing conductors or cables
- H01B13/30—Drying; Impregnating
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a superconducting wire used for a superconducting cable, a superconducting magnet, and the like, and a method of manufacturing the superconducting wire.
- RE rare earth element, also referred to as 123 series or RE series superconductor
- Superconducting wires that have been made flexible by filming are one of the superconducting wires that are being actively researched and developed because of their high current characteristics. Many works have reached the stage where they are made.
- the oxide superconductor crystal itself has an electric anisotropy in which electricity easily flows in the a-axis direction and the b-axis direction of the crystal axis, but hardly flows in the c-axis direction. Therefore, when an oxide superconductor is formed on a substrate, it is necessary to orient the a-axis or b-axis in the direction in which electricity flows and to orient the c-axis in other directions.
- the base material itself is amorphous or polycrystalline, and its crystal structure is also greatly different from that of the oxide superconductor, so that an oxide superconductor with good crystal orientation as described above is formed on the base material. It is difficult.
- the oxide superconductor since there is a difference in coefficient of thermal expansion and lattice constant between the base material and the oxide superconductor, the oxide superconductor is distorted during the cooling process to the superconducting critical temperature, There are also problems such as peeling from the substrate.
- a material such as MgO is formed on a metal substrate by, for example, an ion beam assist method (IBAD method: Ion Beam Assisted Deposition), and the top of MgO or the like is formed.
- IBAD method Ion Beam Assisted Deposition
- an orientation layer intermediate layer having high c-axis orientation and a-axis in-plane orientation (biaxial orientation) is formed, and an oxide superconductor is formed on the orientation layer. ing.
- the alignment layer in order to further improve the biaxially oriented, after forming a cap layer made of CeO 2 or PrO 2, oxide superconductor consisting of RE-based superconductor containing Ba Techniques for forming layers are disclosed.
- Patent Document 2 describes a technique for obtaining a high-quality epitaxial single crystal oxide superconducting thin film using a single crystal having a K 2 MnF 4 structure as a substrate.
- a single crystal as a base material when it has a relatively long length (including a long wire) and needs to be flexible like a superconducting wire.
- JP 2010-103021 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 03-069596
- Patent Document 1 since the cap layer made of CeO 2 or PrO 2 is disposed immediately below the oxide superconducting layer, the cap layer is not formed during the formation of the oxide superconducting layer or the heat treatment process of the superconducting wire.
- the rare earth element contained in the constituent CeO 2 or PrO 2 reacts with Ba contained in the oxide superconducting layer.
- impurities such as BaCeO 3 and BaPrO 3 are generated at the oxide superconducting layer or at the interface between the oxide superconducting layer and the intermediate layer (cap layer), which adversely affects superconducting characteristics such as critical current.
- the superconducting characteristics of the oxide superconducting layer are adversely affected. That is, it is necessary to optimize the layer immediately below the oxide superconducting layer so that impurities are suppressed.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above-described facts, and an object of the present invention is to provide a superconducting wire having less impurities at the interface between the oxide superconducting layer and the interface between the oxide superconducting layer and the intermediate layer, and a method for producing the superconducting wire.
- a superconducting wire comprising a reaction suppression layer that is an oxygen non-stoichiometric amount and an oxide superconducting layer that is formed on the reaction suppression layer and mainly contains an oxide superconductor.
- ⁇ 3> The superconducting wire according to ⁇ 2>, wherein the outermost layer of the intermediate layer is a cap layer mainly containing at least one selected from CeO 2 and PrO 2 .
- the oxide superconductor is REBa 2 Cu 3 O 7- ⁇ 2 , wherein the RE is a single rare earth element or a plurality of rare earth elements, and ⁇ 2 is an oxygen non-stoichiometric amount, ⁇ 2 > Or ⁇ 3> Superconducting wire.
- ⁇ 5> The superconducting wire according to any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 4>, wherein the reaction suppression layer has a thickness of 20 nm to 140 nm.
- ⁇ 6> The superconducting wire according to any one of ⁇ 3> to ⁇ 5>, wherein the reaction suppression layer has a thickness smaller than that of the cap layer.
- ⁇ 7> The superconducting wire according to any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 6>, wherein crystal lattices of the SrLaFeO 4 + ⁇ 1 and the CaLaFeO 4 + ⁇ 2 are cubic or orthorhombic.
- a method for producing a superconducting wire comprising: a step of forming an amount of a reaction suppressing layer; and a step of forming an oxide superconducting layer mainly containing an oxide superconductor on the reaction suppressing layer.
- an oxide superconducting layer a superconducting wire with less impurities at the interface between the oxide superconducting layer and the intermediate layer, and a method of manufacturing the superconducting wire.
- FIG. 2 is a detailed cross-sectional view of the superconducting wire laminated structure shown in FIG. It is a figure which shows the manufacturing process and laminated structure of the conventional superconducting wire. It is a figure which shows the manufacturing process and laminated structure of the conventional superconducting wire which follow FIG. 3A.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a laminated structure of superconducting wires according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the superconducting wire 1 has a laminated structure in which an intermediate layer 20, a reaction suppression layer 28, an oxide superconducting layer 30, and a protective layer 40 are sequentially formed on a tape-like substrate 10. .
- a low magnetic non-oriented metal base material or a non-oriented ceramic base material is used as the base material 10.
- the shape of the base material 10 is not limited to the above-described tape shape, and various shapes such as a plate material, a wire material, and a strip can be used.
- a material for the metal substrate for example, metals such as Cu, Ni, Ti, Mo, Nb, Ta, W, Mn, Fe, and Ag, which are excellent in strength and heat resistance, or alloys thereof can be used. Particularly preferred are stainless steel, Hastelloy (registered trademark), and other nickel-based alloys that are excellent in corrosion resistance and heat resistance.
- Various ceramics may be arranged on these various metal materials.
- MgO, SrTiO 3 , yttrium-stabilized zirconia, or the like can be used as a material of the ceramic substrate.
- the intermediate layer 20 is a layer formed on the metal substrate 10 in order to achieve high in-plane orientation in the oxide superconducting layer 30. A specific layer structure will be described later.
- the reaction suppression layer 28 is a layer mainly containing SrLaFeO 4 + ⁇ 1 or CaLaFeO 4 + ⁇ 2 which is a polycrystal and suppressing impurity generation at the interface between the oxide superconducting layer 30 and the intermediate layer 20.
- ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 2 are oxygen non-stoichiometric amounts.
- the oxide superconducting layer 30 is formed on the reaction suppression layer 28 formed on the intermediate layer 20 and mainly contains an oxide superconductor.
- the oxide superconductor is not particularly limited, but an oxide superconductor containing Ba may be used.
- REBa 2 Cu 3 O 7- ⁇ , (La 1-x Ba x ) 2 CuO 4- ⁇ , Ba (Pb , Bi) O 3 or Tl 2 Ba 2 Ca n-1 Cu n O 2n + 4 (n is an is an integer of 2 or more) be used crystalline material represented by a composition formula such as it can.
- the copper oxide superconductor can be configured by combining these crystal materials.
- the “mainly contained” means that the ratio of the oxide superconductor in the oxide superconductor layer 30 is 80% by mass or more.
- the RE in the REBa 2 Cu 3 O 7- ⁇ is a single rare earth element or a plurality of rare earth elements such as Y, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, and Lu.
- Y is preferred because it does not cause substitution with the Ba site and has a high superconducting transition temperature Tc.
- ⁇ is an oxygen nonstoichiometric amount, for example, 0 or more and 1 or less, and is preferably closer to 0 from the viewpoint of a high superconducting transition temperature.
- PrBa 2 Cu 3 O 7- ⁇ in which RE is Pr has not been confirmed at present, but when the superconducting phenomenon can be confirmed by controlling the oxygen non-stoichiometric amount ⁇ in the future.
- ⁇ of the crystal material other than REBa 2 Cu 3 O 7- ⁇ represents an oxygen non - stoichiometric amount, for example, 0 or more and 1 or less.
- the thickness of the oxide superconducting layer 30 is not particularly limited, but is, for example, 100 nm or more and 6000 nm or less.
- Examples of a method for forming (depositing) the oxide superconducting layer 30 include a TFA-MOD method, a PLD method, a CVD method, an MOCVD method, and a sputtering method.
- a method for forming (depositing) the oxide superconducting layer 30 includes a TFA-MOD method, a PLD method, a CVD method, an MOCVD method, and a sputtering method.
- it is preferable to use the MOCVD method because it does not require a high vacuum, can be formed on a large-area base material 10 having a complicated shape, and is excellent in mass productivity.
- the film formation conditions when the MOCVD method is used are appropriately set depending on the constituent material and film thickness of the oxide superconducting layer 30.
- the wire conveyance speed is 80 m / h or more and 500 m / h or less
- the film formation temperature is 800.
- the oxygen non-stoichiometric amount ⁇ is reduced to improve the superconducting characteristics in an oxygen gas atmosphere. It is preferable to carry out with.
- FIG. 2 is a detailed cross-sectional view of the laminated structure of the superconducting wire 1 shown in FIG.
- the intermediate layer 20 of the superconducting wire 1 includes a bed layer 22, a biaxially oriented layer 24, and a cap layer 26.
- the bed layer 22 is a layer that is formed on the base material 10 and prevents the constituent elements of the base material 10 from diffusing.
- Gd 2 Zr 2 O 7- ⁇ (-1 ⁇ ⁇ 1, hereinafter referred to as GZO)
- YAlO 3 yttrium aluminate
- YSZ yttria stabilized zirconia
- RE represents a single rare earth element or a plurality of rare earth elements.
- the bed layer 22 may have other functions such as, for example, improving the biaxial orientation along with the diffusion preventing function.
- GZO is preferably used as a constituent material of the bed layer 22 in order to have a function of improving the biaxial orientation.
- the film thickness of the bed layer 22 is not particularly limited, but is, for example, 20 nm or more and 200 nm or less.
- Examples of a method for forming (depositing) the bed layer 22 include a method of forming a film by an RF sputtering method in an argon atmosphere.
- an inert gas ion for example, Ar +
- a vapor deposition source GZO or the like
- the film formation conditions at this time are appropriately set depending on the constituent material and film thickness of the bed layer 22, for example, RF sputter output: 100 W to 500 W, wire rod conveyance speed: 10 m / h to 100 m / h, Film temperature: 20 ° C.
- the bed layer 22 can be formed by ion beam sputtering in which ions generated by an ion generator (ion gun) collide with a vapor deposition source.
- the bed layer 22 may have a multilayer structure such as a combination of a Y 2 O 3 layer and an Al 2 O 3 layer.
- the biaxially oriented layer 24 is formed on the bed layer 22 and is a layer for orienting the crystals of the oxide superconducting layer 30 in a certain direction.
- the constituent material of the biaxially oriented layer 24 include polycrystalline materials such as NbO and MgO.
- the same material as the bed layer 22, for example, GZO can also be used.
- the film thickness of the biaxial orientation layer 24 is not particularly limited, but is, for example, 1 nm or more and 20 nm or less.
- Examples of a method for forming (depositing) the biaxially oriented layer 24 include a method of forming a film by IBAD in an atmosphere of argon, oxygen, or a mixed gas of argon and oxygen.
- IBAD method vapor deposition particles ejected from a vapor deposition source (MgO or the like) by RF sputtering (or ion beam sputtering) are deposited on the film formation surface while irradiating an assist ion beam obliquely with respect to the film formation surface. Form a film.
- the film formation conditions at this time are appropriately set depending on the constituent material and film thickness of the biaxially oriented layer 24.
- assist ion beam voltage 800 V to 1500 V
- assist ion beam current 80 to 350 mA
- assist Ion beam acceleration voltage 200 V
- RF sputtering output 800 W or more and 1500 W or less
- wire material conveyance speed 40 m / h or more and 500 m / h or less
- film formation temperature 5 ° C. or more and 350 ° C. or less.
- the biaxially oriented layer 24 is formed by, for example, a reaction in which MgO is formed by reacting the ejected Mg and oxygen by sputtering in a mixed gas atmosphere of argon and oxygen, for example, with Mg as the deposition source. Sputtering can also be used.
- the biaxially oriented layer 24 may be a composite layer composed of a layer formed by an epitaxial method and a layer formed by IBAD.
- the cap layer 26 is formed on the biaxially oriented layer 24 and is a layer for protecting the biaxially oriented layer 24 and enhancing lattice matching with the oxide superconducting layer 30.
- it is composed of a fluorite crystal structure containing a rare earth element that reacts with Ba and having self-orientation.
- This fluorite-type crystal structure is at least one selected from, for example, CeO 2 and PrO 2 .
- the cap layer 26 mainly includes a fluorite-type crystal structure, it may contain other impurities.
- the film thickness of the cap layer 26 is not particularly limited, but is preferably 50 nm or more, and more preferably 300 nm or more in order to obtain sufficient orientation. However, since the film formation time increases when the thickness exceeds 600 nm, it is preferable to set the thickness to 600 nm or less.
- a method of forming (depositing) the cap layer 26 there is a deposition by a PLD method or an RF sputtering method.
- the film formation conditions by the RF sputtering method are appropriately set depending on the constituent material and film thickness of the cap layer 26, for example, RF sputtering output: 200 W to 1000 W, wire material conveyance speed: 2 m / h to 50 m / h, Deposition temperature: 450 ° C. or higher and 800 ° C. or lower.
- the reaction suppression layer 28 is provided on the cap layer 26 that is the outermost layer of the intermediate layer 20.
- the reaction suppression layer 28 is formed between the cap layer 26 and the oxide superconducting layer 30 and is a layer for suppressing the reaction of the intermediate layer 20, particularly the cap layer 26 and the oxide superconducting layer 30.
- the reaction suppression layer 28 is a layer for suppressing the reaction between the rare earth element contained in the fluorite-type crystal structure constituting the cap layer 26 and Ba contained in the oxide superconducting layer 30.
- “suppression” means that the reaction with Ba is suppressed as compared with the case where the reaction suppression layer 28 is not formed between the oxide superconducting layer 30 and the cap layer 26, and the reaction with Ba does not occur. It may not be completely prevented.
- the reaction suppression layer 28 only needs to contain SrLaFeO 4 + ⁇ 1 or CaLaFeO 4 + ⁇ 2 .
- .delta.2 of .delta.1 and CaLaFeO 4 + ⁇ 2 of SrLaFeO 4 + ⁇ 1 is oxygen nonstoichiometric amount, for example at 0 to 1 inclusive.
- the “mainly contained” means that the ratio of SrLaFeO 4 + ⁇ 1 or CaLaFeO 4 + ⁇ 2 in the reaction suppression layer 28 is 80% by mass or more.
- the reaction suppression layer 28 is made of SrLaFeO 4 + ⁇ 1 or CaLaFeO 4 + ⁇ 2 , that is, the ratio of SrLaFeO 4 + ⁇ 1 in the reaction suppression layer 28 is 100% by mass or CaLaFeO 4+ It is preferable that the ratio of ⁇ 2 is 100% by mass.
- the crystal structures of SrLaFeO 4 + ⁇ 1 and CaLaFeO 4 + ⁇ 2 can be cubic, orthorhombic or rhombohedral, but are particularly oxides from the viewpoint of improving the orientation rate of the upper layer (oxide superconducting layer 30). When the superconducting layer 30 is formed, a cubic structure is preferable.
- the thickness of the reaction suppression layer 28 is not particularly limited, but it effectively suppresses the reaction between the rare earth element contained in the fluorite crystal structure constituting the cap layer 26 and Ba contained in the oxide superconducting layer 30. From the viewpoint, it is preferably 20 nm or more. Moreover, it is preferable that it is 100 nm or less from a viewpoint of suppressing the surface roughness of the reaction suppression layer 28.
- the reaction suppression layer 28 has high orientation like the cap layer 26. However, in order to ensure that the orientation of the cap layer 26 is inherited by the oxide superconducting layer 30, the thickness of the reaction suppression layer 28 is set at It is preferably smaller than the layer 26.
- the amount of the rare earth element that can react with Ba in the reaction suppression layer 28 is preferably as small as possible.
- the content of the rare earth element in the reaction suppression layer 28 is preferably 10% or less, for example, and 5% or less. Is more preferable, and it is further more preferable that it is 1% or less. If the amount is within the above-mentioned range, even if the rare earth element contained in the fluorite-type crystal structure constituting the cap layer 26 enters the reaction suppression layer 28, the rare earth element in the reaction suppression layer 28 and the oxidation are oxidized. Reaction with the physical superconducting layer 30 can be suppressed.
- the porosity of the reaction suppression layer 28 is preferably as low as possible. Is 5% or less, more preferably 1% or less, still more preferably 0.1% or less, and even more preferably 0.01% or less.
- BaLaFeO 4 + ⁇ 3 is present in the reaction suppression layer 28.
- ⁇ 3 is an oxygen non-stoichiometric amount.
- This BaLaFeO 4 + ⁇ 3 has a lattice constant of about 0.391 nm.
- examples of lattice constant values of the a and b axes for each material composition of the oxide superconducting layer 30 are as follows.
- the lattice constant of the a and b axes of the oxide superconducting layer 30 is about 0.38 to 0.39 nm
- BaLaFeO 4 + ⁇ 3 is formed at the interface between the reaction suppressing layer 28 and the oxide superconducting layer 30. Even if it is done, it is very close to the lattice constant of the oxide superconducting layer 30, and therefore it is possible to suppress the formation of different orientation crystals such as a-axis grains.
- the reaction suppression layer 28 As a method for forming (depositing) the reaction suppression layer 28, there is a deposition by a PLD method or a sputtering method.
- the film formation conditions by the sputtering method are appropriately set depending on the constituent material and the film thickness of the reaction suppression layer 28. For example, sputtering output: 100 W to 200 W, wire rod conveyance speed: 18 m / h to 180 m / h,
- the film temperature is 600 ° C. or more and 900 ° C. or less, and the film formation atmosphere is an Ar gas atmosphere of 0.1 Pa or more and 1.0 Pa or less.
- the target is a constituent material of the reaction suppression layer 28 described above.
- the reaction suppression layer 28 is formed between the oxide superconducting layer 30 and the cap layer 26, for example, it is included in the fluorite crystal structure constituting the cap layer 26.
- the rare earth element hardly diffuses, and the reaction between the rare earth element and Ba contained in the oxide superconducting layer is suppressed. Therefore, there are no impurities such as BaCeO 3 and BaPrO 3 at the interface between the oxide superconducting layer 30 and the oxide superconducting layer 30 and the cap layer 26, or less than in the case where the reaction suppressing layer 28 is not provided.
- the reaction with Ba contained in the oxide superconducting layer 30 may occur during the heat treatment step after the production of the superconducting wire 1 or during high-temperature storage. As shown to 3B, it occurs at the time of formation of the oxide superconducting layer 30 in which it is necessary to heat the substrate 10 in order to increase the film forming temperature.
- 100 in the figure indicates an impurity generated by a reaction between a rare earth element contained in the fluorite-type crystal structure constituting the cap layer 26 and Ba contained in the oxide superconducting layer.
- the base for forming the oxide superconducting layer 30 is not the cap layer 26 but the reaction suppressing layer 28, the above reaction can be suppressed even when the oxide superconducting layer 30 is formed. .
- LMO LaMnO 3 + ⁇
- STO SrTiO 3 + ⁇
- oxygen non-stoichiometric amount ⁇ such as YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7- ⁇ described above has been described as being zero or more (indicating a positive value), but may be a negative value.
- the base material 10 may be an oriented metal base material, and the intermediate layer 20 made of CeO 2 or PrO 2 / YSZ / CeO 2 or PrO 2 may be formed on the base material 10.
- the substrate 10 at this time is desirably formed of Ag, Ni, or an alloy thereof, but may be an in-plane oriented metal substrate.
- the intermediate layer 20 is not limited to the structure described above, and may be any structure that can suppress the diffusion reaction between the metal substrate 10 and the oxide superconducting layer 30 and can control the orientation of the oxide superconducting layer 30. Another layer may be added between the cap layer 26 and the reaction suppression layer 28.
- the reaction suppression layer 28 can be made into a plurality of layers using SrLaFeO 4 and CaLaFeO 4 .
- the on the cap layer 26 to form a CaLaFeO 4 it is preferable to form the SrLaFeO 4 thereon.
- the cap layer 26 is CeO 2
- CaLaFeO 4 is closer to the lattice constant of CeO 2
- SrLaFeO 4 is closer to the lattice constant of the oxide superconducting layer 30.
- the lattice matching from the cap layer 26 to the oxide superconducting layer 30 is good, and the generation of impurities BaCeO 3 is less likely to occur at the interface between the cap layer 26 and the oxide superconducting layer 30.
- Table 1 shows examples and comparative examples.
- Example 1-1 to Example 1--7 the Hastelloy metal base material as the base material 10 was introduced into the IBAD apparatus and evacuated to 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 Pa. Then, using GZO as a deposition source, a biaxial alignment layer 24 made of GZO was formed at room temperature at a wire conveyance speed of 3 m / h and a film thickness of 800 nm by the IBAD method.
- the biaxially oriented layer 24 may be referred to as IBAD-GZO.
- the bed layer 22 is omitted.
- the base material 10 on which the biaxial alignment layer 24 was formed was introduced into a sputtering apparatus and evacuated to 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 Pa.
- the CeO 2 as an evaporation source, a cap layer 26 made of CeO 2 by RF sputtering was formed in a thickness of 500 nm.
- the CeO 2 film is deposited by RF sputtering in a mixed gas atmosphere of Ar and oxygen at a temperature of about 700 ° C. and at a pressure of about 800 W and a wire conveyance speed of 7 m / h or less. It was.
- the base material 10 on which the cap layer 26 was formed was introduced into an RF sputtering apparatus and evacuated to 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 Pa. Then, the polycrystalline SrLaFeO 4 + ⁇ 1 was used as a vapor deposition source, and the reaction suppression layer 28 made of a polycrystalline SrLaFeO 4 + ⁇ 1 with various film thicknesses was formed by RF sputtering.
- the deposition of the SrLaFeO 4 + ⁇ 1 film by the RF sputtering method is performed under the conditions of a sputtering power of about 200 W and a wire conveyance speed of 10 m / h to 360 m / h in an Ar gas atmosphere at a temperature of about 900 ° C. and about 0.5 Pa. I went there.
- the film thicknesses were 10, 20, 50, 80, 100, 140, and 180 nm, respectively.
- the base material 10 on which the reaction suppression layer 28 is formed is introduced into an MOCVD apparatus, and (Y 0.7 Gd 0.3 ) Ba 2 Cu 3 O 7- ⁇ (hereinafter referred to as YBCO) is used as a deposition source.
- the oxide superconducting layer 30 made of YBCO was formed to a thickness of 1000 nm by the MOCVD method.
- the YBCO film was deposited by the MOCVD method at a temperature of about 800 ° C. and in an O 2 gas atmosphere at a wire conveyance speed of 10 to 500 m / h or less.
- Example 2 A Hastelloy metal substrate as the substrate 10 was introduced into an ion beam sputtering film forming apparatus and evacuated to 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 Pa. Then, using GZO as a deposition source, a bed layer 22 made of GZO was formed at room temperature at a film thickness of 100 nm and a wire conveyance speed of 30 m / h by ion beam sputtering.
- the base material 10 on which the bed layer 22 was formed was introduced into an IBAD apparatus and evacuated to 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 Pa. Then, a biaxially oriented layer 24 made of MgO was deposited at room temperature at a film thickness of 5 nm and a wire conveyance speed of 80 m / h by using the IBAD method using MgO as a deposition source.
- a cap layer 26, a reaction suppression layer 28, and an oxide superconducting layer 30 were sequentially formed on the biaxially oriented layer 24 by the same method as in Example 1.
- the film thickness of the reaction suppression layer 28 was 60 nm.
- Example 3-1 to Example 3-7 A Hastelloy metal substrate as the substrate 10 was introduced into an ion beam sputtering film forming apparatus and evacuated to 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 Pa. Then, using GZO as a deposition source, a bed layer 22 made of GZO was formed at room temperature at a film thickness of 100 nm and a wire conveyance speed of 30 m / h by ion beam sputtering.
- the base material 10 on which the bed layer 22 was formed was introduced into an IBAD apparatus and evacuated to 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 Pa. Then, a biaxially oriented layer 24 made of MgO was deposited at room temperature at a film thickness of 5 nm and a wire conveyance speed of 80 m / h by using the IBAD method using MgO as a deposition source.
- the base material 10 on which the biaxial alignment layer 24 was formed was introduced into an RF sputtering apparatus and evacuated to 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 Pa. Then, using SrLaFeO 4 + ⁇ 1 as an evaporation source, a lattice matching layer made of SrLaFeO 4 + ⁇ 1 was formed with a film thickness of 30 nm by RF sputtering to improve the lattice matching of the cap layer 26 to be formed next.
- the deposition of the SrLaFeO 4 + ⁇ 1 film by the RF sputtering method was performed in an Ar gas atmosphere at a temperature of about 900 ° C. and about 0.5 Pa under the conditions of a sputtering output of about 200 W and a wire conveyance speed of 60 m / h.
- the cap layer 26, the reaction suppression layer 28, and the oxide superconducting layer 30 were sequentially formed on the lattice matching layer by the same method as in Example 1.
- the film thickness of the reaction suppression layer 28 was variously changed in Examples 3-1 to 3-7, and specifically, 5, 10, 30, 60, 80, 100, and 180 nm, respectively.
- Example 4-1 to Example 4--7 the Hastelloy metal base material as the base material 10 was introduced into the IBAD apparatus and evacuated to 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 Pa. Then, using GZO as a deposition source, a biaxial alignment layer 24 made of GZO was formed at room temperature at a wire conveyance speed of 80 m / h and a film thickness of 5 nm by the IBAD method. The biaxially oriented layer 24 may be referred to as IBAD-GZO. Further, in Example 4-1 to Example 4-7, the bed layer 22 is omitted.
- the base material 10 on which the biaxial alignment layer 24 was formed was introduced into a sputtering apparatus and evacuated to 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 Pa.
- the CeO 2 as an evaporation source, a cap layer 26 made of CeO 2 by RF sputtering was formed in a thickness of 500 nm.
- the CeO 2 film is deposited by RF sputtering in a mixed gas atmosphere of Ar and oxygen at a temperature of about 700 ° C. and at a pressure of about 800 W and a wire conveyance speed of 7 m / h or less. It was.
- the base material 10 on which the cap layer 26 was formed was introduced into an RF sputtering apparatus and evacuated to 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 Pa. Then, using CaLaFeO 4 + ⁇ 2 as a deposition source, reaction suppression layers 28 made of cubic CaLaFeO 4 + ⁇ 2 were formed in various film thicknesses by RF sputtering. Specifically, the deposition of the CaLaFeO 4 + ⁇ 2 film by the RF sputtering method is performed under the conditions of an Ar gas atmosphere at a temperature of about 900 ° C. and about 0.5 Pa, a sputtering output of about 200 W, and a wire conveyance speed of 10 m / h to 360 m / h. I went there. The film thicknesses were set to 5, 10, 30, 60, 80, 100, and 180 nm, respectively.
- the base material 10 on which the reaction suppression layer 28 is formed is introduced into an MOCVD apparatus, and (Y 0.7 Gd 0.3 ) Ba 2 Cu 3 O 7- ⁇ (hereinafter referred to as YBCO) is used as a deposition source.
- the oxide superconducting layer 30 made of YBCO was formed to a thickness of 1000 nm by the MOCVD method.
- the YBCO film was deposited by the MOCVD method at a temperature of about 800 ° C. and in an O 2 gas atmosphere at a wire conveyance speed of 10 to 500 m / h or less.
- each superconducting layer 30 was composed of an oxide superconductor composed of a YBCO phase.
- Table 1 The results of precipitation (generation) of the impurity BaCeO 3 are shown in Table 1 above.
- Table 1 in each X-ray diffraction pattern, the case where the peak of BaCeO 3 is not visible at all is “ ⁇ ”, the case where the peak intensity of BaCeO 3 is less than 100 cps, “ ⁇ ”, and the peak intensity of BaCeO 3 is 100 cps or more. The case of “ ⁇ ” was designated.
- the reaction suppression layer 28 is obtained. It was confirmed that the generation of the impurity BaCeO 3 was suppressed as compared with Comparative Examples 1 to 3 in which there was no. Further, among Examples 1-1 to 1-7 and 2-1, 3-1 to 3-7, the reaction suppression layer 28 is formed with a film thickness of 20 nm or more in that generation of the impurity BaCeO 3 can be eliminated. It was confirmed that the superconducting wires of Examples 1-2 to 1-7, 2, 3-2 to 3-7, and 4-2 to 4-7 were preferable.
- the energization characteristics were evaluated by measuring the critical current Ic of the obtained oxide superconducting wire (line width 10 mm).
- the critical current Ic was measured using a four-terminal method in a state where the oxide superconducting wire was immersed in liquid nitrogen.
- the voltage terminal was 1 cm, and the electric field reference was 1 ⁇ V / cm.
- Table 1 The measurement results are shown in Table 1 above.
- ⁇ indicates that the critical current Ic is 250 A or more
- ⁇ indicates that the critical current Ic is 180 A or more and less than 250 A
- ⁇ indicates that the critical current Ic is less than 180 A.
- Examples 1-1 to 1-7, 2-1, 3-1 to 3-7, and 4-1 to 4-7 Examples 1-2 to 1-7, 2 that do not generate the impurity BaCeO 3
- the superconducting wires 3-2 to 3-7 and 4-2 to 4-7 have improved critical current Ic compared to the superconducting wire of Example 1-1 in which the impurity BaCeO 3 is generated. confirmed.
- the lattice constant of the reaction suppression layer 28 is 0.388nm in the case of SrLaFeO 4, is 0.387nm in the case of CaLaFeO 4, the lattice constants of the oxide superconducting layer 30 is 0.38 to 0. It is about 39 nm.
- the cap layer 26 made of CeO 2 has a lattice constant of 0.541 nm, the crystal lattice is rotated by 45 ° with respect to the upper and lower layers, and the interstitial distance corresponding to the lattice constant of the upper and lower layers is about 0.38 nm (the lattice Half of the diagonal distance).
- the reaction suppression layer 28 formed between the cap layer 26 and the oxide superconducting layer 30 can be lattice-matched with the cap layer 26 serving as the lower layer, and also the lattice constant of the oxide superconducting layer 30 serving as the upper layer. Therefore, it is considered that crystal orientation could be satisfactorily achieved in the oxide superconducting layer 30 as an upper layer.
- the lattice constant of BaCeO 3 produced between the oxide superconducting layer 30 and the cap layer 26 in the comparative example is about 0.44 nm, the oxide superconducting layer 30 is oxidized on the BaCeO 3. It is considered that the superconductivity does not crystallize and Ic is lowered.
- the same results as above can be obtained when the composition of YBCO is YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7- ⁇ instead of (Y 0.7 Gd 0.3 ) Ba 2 Cu 3 O 7- ⁇ . It became.
- the same result as above was obtained when REBa 2 Cu 3 O 7- ⁇ (excluding RE: Y and Pr) was used instead of YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7- ⁇ .
- the same result as described above was obtained when two layers of IBAD-GZO and IBAD-YNbO were used instead of the biaxially oriented layer 24 as a single layer of IBAD-GZO.
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Abstract
Description
<1>基材と、前記基材上に形成された中間層と、前記中間層上に形成され、多結晶体のSrLaFeO4+δ1又はCaLaFeO4+δ2を主に含有し、前記δ1及びδ2は酸素不定比量である反応抑制層と、前記反応抑制層上に形成され、酸化物超電導体を主に含有した酸化物超電導層と、を備える超電導線材。
図1は、本発明の実施形態に係る超電導線材の積層構造を示す図である。
図1に示すように、超電導線材1は、テープ状の基材10上に中間層20、反応抑制層28、酸化物超電導層30、保護層40が順に形成された積層構造を有している。
なお、上記「主に含有」とは、酸化物超電導層30中の酸化物超電導体の割合が80質量%以上であることをいう。
また、REBa2Cu3O7-δ以外の結晶材料のδも酸素不定比量を表し、例えば0以上1以下である。
図2は、図1に示す超電導線材1の積層構造における断面詳細図である。
図2に示すように、超電導線材1の中間層20は、ベッド層22と、2軸配向層24と、キャップ層26と、を備えて構成されている。
RFスパッタ法では、プラズマ放電で発生した不活性ガスイオン(例えばAr+)を蒸着源(GZO等)に衝突させ、はじき出された蒸着粒子を成膜面に堆積させて成膜する。このときの成膜条件は、ベッド層22の構成材料や膜厚等によって適宜設定されるが、例えば、RFスパッタ出力:100W以上500W以下、線材搬送速度:10m/h以上100m/h以下、成膜温度:20℃以上500℃以下とされる。
なお、ベッド層22の成膜には、イオン発生器(イオン銃)で発生させたイオンを蒸着源に衝突させるイオンビームスパッタ法を利用することもできる。また、ベッド層22は、Y2O3層とAl2O3層との組み合わせ等の多層構造とすることもできる。
反応抑制層28は、キャップ層26と酸化物超電導層30との間に形成され、中間層20の特にキャップ層26と酸化物超電導層30との反応を抑制するための層である。例えば、反応抑制層28は、キャップ層26を構成する蛍石型結晶構造体に含まれる希土類元素と酸化物超電導層30に含まれるBaとの反応を抑制するための層である。なお、「抑制」とは、酸化物超電導層30とキャップ層26の間に反応抑制層28が形成されていない場合に比べ、Baとの反応が抑制されていれば良く、Baとの反応が完全に防止されていなくても良い。
SrLaFeO4+δ1とCaLaFeO4+δ2の結晶構造は、立方晶、斜方晶又は菱面体晶を取り得るが、上層(酸化物超電導層30)の配向率を向上させるという観点から、特に酸化物超電導層30を形成する際には、立方晶の構造であることが好ましい。
上述した量の範囲内であれば、仮にキャップ層26を構成する蛍石型結晶構造体に含まれる希土類元素が反応抑制層28中に入り込んだ場合でも、反応抑制層28中の希土類元素と酸化物超電導層30と反応することを抑制することができる。
また、キャップ層26を構成する蛍石型結晶構造体に含まれる希土類元素の拡散(反応抑制層28中の通過)を抑制するという観点から、反応抑制層28の空隙率は低いほどよく、好ましくは5%以下、より好ましくは1%以下、さらに好ましくは0.1%以下、さらにより好ましくは0.01%以下である。
LaBa2Cu3O6.7(a=b=0.390nm)
YBa2Cu3O6.98(a=b=0.388nm)
GdBa2Cu3O6.84(a=b=0.391nm)
PrBa2Cu3O6.9 (a=b=0.390nm)
NdBa2Cu3O6.88 (a=0.391nm, b=0.391nm)
ErBa2Cu3O6.98 (a=0.382nm, b=0.389nm)
HoBa2Cu3O6.78 (a=0.381nm, b=0.388nm)
DyBa2Cu3O6.96 (a=0.382nm, b=0.388nm)
TmBa2Cu3O7(a=0.381nm, b=0.388nm)
ErBa2Cu3O7(a=0.382nm, b=0.388nm)
HoBa2Cu3O7(a=0.382nm, b=0.389nm)
DyBa2Cu3O7(a=0.382nm, b=0.389nm)
GdBa2Cu3O7(a=0.384nm, b=0.390nm)
EuBa2Cu3O7(a=0.384nm, b=0.390nm)
SmBa2Cu3O7(a=0.385nm, b=0.391nm)
NdBa2Cu3O7(a=0.386nm, b=0.392nm)
PrBa2Cu3O7(a=0.386nm, b=0.393nm)
LaBa2Cu3O7(a=0.389nm, b=0.394nm)
本実施形態では、以上のように、酸化物超電導層30とキャップ層26の間には、反応抑制層28が形成されているため、例えばキャップ層26を構成する蛍石型結晶構造体に含まれる希土類元素が拡散し難く、当該希土類元素と酸化物超電導層に含まれるBaとの反応が抑制される。したがって、酸化物超電導層30や酸化物超電導層30とキャップ層26との界面においてBaCeO3やBaPrO3などの不純物は、皆無であるか、又は反応抑制層28がない場合に比べて少ない。
なお、本発明を特定の実施形態について詳細に説明したが、本発明はかかる実施形態に限定されるものではなく、本発明の範囲内にて他の種々の実施形態が可能であることは当業者にとって明らかであり、例えば上述の複数の実施形態は、適宜、組み合わされて実施可能である。また、以下の変形例を、適宜、組み合わせてもよい。
また、キャップ層26と、反応抑制層28との間に他の層を追加することもできる。
本明細書に記載された全ての文献、特許出願、および技術規格は、個々の文献、特許出願、および技術規格が参照により取り込まれることが具体的かつ個々に記載された場合と同程度に、本明細書中に参照により取り込まれる。
実施例1-1~実施例1-7では、それぞれ基材10としてのハステロイ金属基材をIBAD装置に導入し、1×10-3Paまで真空引きした。そして、GZOを蒸着源として、IBAD法によりGZOからなる2軸配向層24を、室温において、線材搬送速度3 m/h、膜厚800nmで成膜した。なお、この2軸配向層24をIBAD-GZOと称す場合もある。また、実施例1では、ベッド層22を省略している。
具体的に、RFスパッタ法によるCeO2膜の蒸着は、温度約700℃、約0.3PaのArと酸素の混合ガス雰囲気で、スパッタ出力約800W、線材搬送速度7m/h以下の条件で行った。
具体的に、RFスパッタ法によるSrLaFeO4+δ1膜の蒸着は、温度約900℃、約0.5PaのArガス雰囲気で、スパッタ出力約200W、線材搬送速度10m/h以上360m/h以下の条件で行った。また、膜厚は、それぞれ10、20、50、80、100、140、180nmとした。
具体的に、MOCVD法によるYBCO膜の蒸着は、温度約800℃、O2ガス雰囲気中において線材搬送速度10~500m/h以下の条件で行った。
基材10としてのハステロイ金属基材をイオンビームスパッタ成膜装置に導入し、1×10-3Paまで真空引きした。そして、GZOを蒸着源として、イオンビームスパッタ法によりGZOからなるベッド層22を、室温において、膜厚100nm、線材搬送速度30m/hで成膜した。
基材10としてのハステロイ金属基材をイオンビームスパッタ成膜装置に導入し、1×10-3Paまで真空引きした。そして、GZOを蒸着源として、イオンビームスパッタ法によりGZOからなるベッド層22を、室温において、膜厚100nm、線材搬送速度30m/hで成膜した。
具体的に、RFスパッタ法によるSrLaFeO4+δ1膜の蒸着は、温度約900℃、約0.5PaのArガス雰囲気で、スパッタ出力約200W、線材搬送速度60m/hの条件で行った。
実施例4-1~実施例4-7では、それぞれ基材10としてのハステロイ金属基材をIBAD装置に導入し、1×10-3Paまで真空引きした。そして、GZOを蒸着源として、IBAD法によりGZOからなる2軸配向層24を、室温において、線材搬送速度80m/h、膜厚5nmで成膜した。なお、この2軸配向層24をIBAD-GZOと称す場合もある。また、実施例4-1~実施例4-7では、ベッド層22を省略している。
具体的に、RFスパッタ法によるCeO2膜の蒸着は、温度約700℃、約0.3PaのArと酸素の混合ガス雰囲気で、スパッタ出力約800W、線材搬送速度7m/h以下の条件で行った。
具体的に、RFスパッタ法によるCaLaFeO4+δ2膜の蒸着は、温度約900℃、約0.5PaのArガス雰囲気で、スパッタ出力約200W、線材搬送速度10m/h以上360m/h以下の条件で行った。また、膜厚は、それぞれ5、10、30、60、80、100、180nmとした。
具体的に、MOCVD法によるYBCO膜の蒸着は、温度約800℃、O2ガス雰囲気中において線材搬送速度10~500m/h以下の条件で行った。
実施例1の超電導線材の構成において、反応抑制層28がない超電導線材を比較例1として作製した。
実施例2の超電導線材の構成において、反応抑制層28がない超電導線材を比較例2として作製した。
実施例3の超電導線材の構成において、反応抑制層28がない超電導線材を比較例3として作製した。
以下、実施例1-1~1-7、実施例2、実施例3-1~3-7、実施例4-1~4-7及び比較例1~3で作製した超電導線材の評価方法及び評価結果について記載する。
各実施例及び比較例に係わる超電導線材の酸化物超電導層30について、リガク製X線回折装置RINT-UltimaIIIを用いてX線回折測定を行った。
各実施例及び比較例に係わる超電導線材について、原子間力顕微鏡(AFM、Nanosurf AG社製 Mobile S)による各反応抑制層28のAFM像を用いて反応抑制層28の表面粗さRaを測定した。なお、表面粗さRaは、各反応抑制層28のAFM像12.3μm四方の算術平均粗さである。また、この測定は、各反応抑制層28上に酸化物超電導層30を成膜する前に行っている。
通電特性は、得られた酸化物超電導線材(線幅10mm)の臨界電流Icを測定することにより評価した。臨界電流Icは、酸化物超電導線材を液体窒素に浸漬した状態で四端子法を用いて測定した。電圧端子は1cm、電界基準は1μV/cmとした。
一方、比較例において酸化物超電導層30とキャップ層26の間に生成したBaCeO3の格子定数は、約0.44nmであるため、酸化物超電導層30においては、BaCeO3の上に堆積する酸化物超電導が結晶配向せず、Icが低下したと考えられる。また、酸化物超電導層30となるべき部分に生成されたBaCeO3の部分では、超電導電流が流れないため、比較例における超電導線のIcが低下してしまったと考えられる。
また、実施例1-1、実施例3-1と実施例4-1の場合にはBaCeO3が生じているが、その生成量が少ないために酸化物超電導層30における電流パス減少の影響が小さく、Icを大きく低下させることはなかった。
また、2軸配向層24をIBAD-GZOの単一層とする代わりに、IBAD-GZOとIBAD-YNbOの2層としても、上記と同様の結果となった。
これは、PrO2の格子定数は0.539nm(上下層の格子定数に対応する格子間距離は約0.38nm)であり、CeO2と同様に、上層となる酸化物超電導層30において、良好に結晶配向することができたと考えられる。一方、CeO2の代わりにPrO2とした以外は上記比較例と同様の構成としたところ、酸化物超電導層30とキャップ層26の間にBaPrO3が生成し、Icが低下していることを確認した。これは、BaPrO3の格子定数が約0.43nmであるため、上記比較例と同様に、酸化物超電導層30においては、電流パスが減少してしまい、Icが低下してしまった。
20 中間層
26 キャップ層
28 反応抑制層
30 酸化物超電導層
Claims (10)
- 基材と、
前記基材上に形成された中間層と、
前記中間層上に形成され、多結晶体のSrLaFeO4+δ1又はCaLaFeO4+δ2を主に含有し、前記δ1及びδ2は酸素不定比量である反応抑制層と、
前記反応抑制層上に形成され、酸化物超電導体を主に含有した酸化物超電導層と、
を備える超電導線材。 - 前記中間層はBaと反応する希土類元素を含み、前記酸化物超電導層はBaを含んでいる、
請求項1に記載の超電導線材。 - 前記中間層の最表層は、CeO2及びPrO2から選ばれる少なくとも1つを主に含有するキャップ層である、
請求項2に記載の超電導線材。 - 前記酸化物超電導体は、REBa2Cu3O7-δ2であって、前記REは単一の希土類元素又は複数の希土類元素であり、前記δ2は酸素不定比量である、
請求項2又は請求項3に記載の超電導線材。 - 前記反応抑制層の厚みは、20nm以上140nm以下である、
請求項1~請求項4の何れか1項に記載の超電導線材。 - 前記反応抑制層は、前記キャップ層よりも厚みが小さい、
請求項3~請求項5の何れか1項に記載の超電導線材。 - 前記SrLaFeO4+δ1及び、前記CaLaFeO4+δ2の結晶格子は、立方晶又は斜方晶である、
請求項1~請求項6の何れか1項に記載の超電導線材。 - 金属基材上に、中間層を形成する工程と、
前記中間層上に、多結晶体のSrLaFeO4+δ1又はCaLaFeO4+δ2を主に含有し、前記δ1及びδ2は酸素不定比量である反応抑制層を形成する工程と、
前記反応抑制層上に、酸化物超電導体を主に含有した酸化物超電導層を形成する工程と、
を有する超電導線材の製造方法。 - 前記中間層はBaと反応する希土類元素を含み、前記酸化物超電導層はBaを含む、
請求項8に記載の超電導線材の製造方法。 - 前記中間層の最表層は、CeO2及びPrO2から選ばれる少なくとも1つを主に含有するキャップ層である、
請求項9に記載の超電導線材の製造方法。
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JPH1186647A (ja) * | 1997-09-02 | 1999-03-30 | Fujikura Ltd | 酸化物超電導導体 |
JP2003323822A (ja) * | 2002-05-02 | 2003-11-14 | Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd | 薄膜超電導線材およびその製造方法 |
JP2007311194A (ja) * | 2006-05-18 | 2007-11-29 | Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd | 超電導薄膜材料および超電導薄膜材料の製造方法 |
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US9136046B2 (en) | 2015-09-15 |
US20130316908A1 (en) | 2013-11-28 |
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