WO2012103743A1 - 吊臂组装系统及组装方法 - Google Patents
吊臂组装系统及组装方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2012103743A1 WO2012103743A1 PCT/CN2011/078233 CN2011078233W WO2012103743A1 WO 2012103743 A1 WO2012103743 A1 WO 2012103743A1 CN 2011078233 W CN2011078233 W CN 2011078233W WO 2012103743 A1 WO2012103743 A1 WO 2012103743A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- assembly
- arm
- boom
- telescopic
- assembling
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P21/00—Machines for assembling a multiplicity of different parts to compose units, with or without preceding or subsequent working of such parts, e.g. with program control
- B23P21/004—Machines for assembling a multiplicity of different parts to compose units, with or without preceding or subsequent working of such parts, e.g. with program control the units passing two or more work-stations whilst being composed
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
- B66C23/00—Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes
- B66C23/62—Constructional features or details
- B66C23/64—Jibs
- B66C23/70—Jibs constructed of sections adapted to be assembled to form jibs or various lengths
- B66C23/701—Jibs constructed of sections adapted to be assembled to form jibs or various lengths telescopic
- B66C23/705—Jibs constructed of sections adapted to be assembled to form jibs or various lengths telescopic telescoped by hydraulic jacks
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P2700/00—Indexing scheme relating to the articles being treated, e.g. manufactured, repaired, assembled, connected or other operations covered in the subgroups
- B23P2700/50—Other automobile vehicle parts, i.e. manufactured in assembly lines
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an assembly system and an assembly method of a boom used in a traveling device such as a crane.
- a boom is a key component of a truck crane, and its manufacturing and assembly processes are critical.
- the assembly technology and equipment problems of the booms of important components of automobile cranes have been successfully achieved in large-tonnage products.
- the problems in medium and small tonnage products have yet to be resolved, and the technical principles of large tonnage products are quite different from those of medium and small tonnage products.
- Figure la-Id shows a single assembly machine for the medium tonnage boom, where reference numeral 15 denotes the arm to be loaded, a denotes the boom loading direction, 16 It means that the head is blocked, and 17 means the console.
- the assembly machine can realize the assembly of the boom. In the design concept, the basic reference arm of the boom is selected first.
- the basic arm is placed on the moving V-shaped seat for pre-assembly, and then the pre-installed basic arm is translated to the clamping fixed position, and then
- the first telescopic boom is mounted on the moving V-shaped seat for pre-assembly, the pre-installed first telescopic arm is inserted into the basic arm, and the moving V-shaped seat is returned to the original position, and then the second telescopic arm is suspended and moved to the V-shaped shape.
- the seat is pre-assembled, and the cycle is completed until the final stage arm is installed, and the boom assembly is lowered into the final assembly.
- the first way to assemble the boom by diagonal cable pulling has the following disadvantages: in the absence of special assembly equipment, the assembly work can only be carried out by diagonally pulling the vehicle, which results in unsafe operation, low work efficiency, and easy operation. Problems caused by damage to the driving equipment.
- the second method of using a single assembly machine of the boom has the following disadvantages: 1. From the assembly theory analysis, the single assembly machine of the boom first has the problem of improper selection of the assembly reference piece, because the basic arm is selected as the assembly reference piece. In fact, the basic arm is more difficult to control and grasp during the entire assembly process. Therefore, on this issue, the inventor believes that the existing work of the single-arm assembly machine of the boom is not correct, and the main reason is that the product assembly relationship is not straightened, so it is difficult to further develop.
- the work efficiency is low. From the technical solution analysis, it is mainly reflected in the assembly machine when assembling a certain level of boom and cylinder.
- the other booms and cylinders can only passively wait passively, but cannot actively start work at the same time. The process is progressing slowly.
- the division of labor in the production organization is not clear, the operators can not spread the work according to the process, the boom assembly and pre-assembly are mixed together, the personnel concentrate on a certain point to get together, the management is more scattered.
- the prior art cable-stayed assembly boom and boom single assembly machine can not meet the production requirements, and consider a better method to solve the assembly problem of the medium-tonnage boom, such as the line operation line mode.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a boom assembly system and an assembly method for solving the problems of improper selection of assembly reference components, low work efficiency, and unclear division of production organization in the prior art boom assembly system and assembly method.
- a boom assembly system includes a plurality of pitch arms and a telescopic cylinder, and the plurality of pitch arms are a basic arm, at least an intermediate arm, and a top arm
- the boom assembly system comprises: a plurality of assembly stations spaced apart from each other by an appropriate distance and arranged one by one, and each assembly station is provided with one for releasably fixing the intermediate arm and the basic arm Fixing device; a plurality of auxiliary stations, each of which is provided with a walking assembly device capable of moving to an adjacent assembly station, so as to transport and assemble the components to be assembled to the middle of the lower stage fixed in the fixing device And an arm or a base arm; and a control system that controls the movement of the travel assembly to complete the boom assembly process from the top arm with the top arm as an assembly reference for the entire assembly process.
- each auxiliary station can be independently controlled.
- each of the walking assembly devices includes a lifting mechanism that raises and lowers the components to be assembled to facilitate alignment, a push-pull mechanism for advancing and pulling out the components to be assembled, and a power source for the lifting mechanism and the push-pull mechanism.
- each fixing device comprises: four uprights, each of which constitutes a matching pair; four landing lift cylinders for lifting the cylinders, respectively located on each of the columns; and four for Clamping cylinders that prevent the boom from tilting are located on each of the columns.
- the travel assembly moves along a pair of linear guides that pass through a plurality of assembly stations and a plurality of auxiliary stations.
- each of the walking assembly devices includes a work vehicle, a driving mechanism, and a transmission chain, wherein the driving mechanism is mounted on the working vehicle, and the driving mechanism drives the transmission chain to move the working vehicle on the guide rail.
- the boom assembly system further includes a pre-installed field for the plurality of pitch arms and the telescopic cylinders.
- a pre-installation site is provided with a plurality of pre-installation stations corresponding to a plurality of assembly stations and a plurality of auxiliary stations.
- the boom fixing work is realized by the cooperation of the magnetic seat and the cylinder.
- the boom is a five-section arm, wherein the middle arm is a first telescopic arm near a side of the basic arm, a third telescopic arm near a side of the top arm, and a first telescopic arm and a third telescopic arm.
- the second telescopic arm, the telescopic cylinder are the first telescopic cylinder and the second telescopic cylinder both mounted to the top arm, and the boom assembly system comprises nine stations arranged in sequence, which are respectively: first auxiliary station, arrangement a first walking assembly device for assisting assembly of the top arm; a first assembly station, a first fixing device for fixing the third telescopic arm, to assemble the third telescopic arm and the top arm; and a second auxiliary station, A second travel assembly device for assisting assembly of the second telescopic cylinder to form a first small assembly consisting of a top arm, a third telescopic arm and a second telescopic cylinder; a fourth station for laying the rope of the telescopic cylinder a second assembly station, a second fixing device for fixing the second telescopic arm is arranged to assemble the second telescopic arm and the first small assembly to form a second small assembly; the third auxiliary station is arranged Assisting in assembling a
- the boom is a medium tonnage boom.
- a boom assembly method comprising a plurality of pitch arms and a telescopic cylinder, and the plurality of pitch arms are respectively a basic arm, at least one intermediate arm and a top arm, in particular Assembly begins with the top arm and the top arm is used as the assembly reference for the entire assembly process.
- the boom is a five-section arm, wherein the middle arm is a first telescopic arm near a side of the basic arm, a third telescopic arm near a side of the top arm, and a first telescopic arm and a third telescopic arm.
- the second telescopic arm, the telescopic cylinder is a first telescopic cylinder and a second telescopic cylinder both mounted to the top arm, and the method comprises the following steps: a) assembling the top arm and the third telescopic arm; b) connecting the second telescopic cylinder with The top arm is assembled to form a first small assembly consisting of a top arm, a third telescopic arm and a second telescopic cylinder; c) assembling the second telescopic arm with the first small assembly to form a second small total d) assembling the first telescopic cylinder with the second small assembly to form a third small assembly; f) assembling the first telescopic arm with the third small assembly to form a fourth small assembly; g) The basic arm is assembled with the fourth small assembly to complete the boom assembly process.
- step a) the top arm is placed on the first travel assembly device, the third telescopic arm is fixed, and the top arm is moved to be assembled with the third telescopic arm; in step b), the second Telescopic cylinder placement Moving the second telescopic cylinder to be assembled with the top arm on the second travel assembly; in the step C), fixing the second telescopic arm to move the first small assembly to be assembled with the second telescopic arm; d) step, placing the first telescopic cylinder on the third travel assembly device, moving the first telescopic cylinder to be assembled with the second small assembly; in the 0 step, fixing the first telescopic arm, moving the third The small assembly is assembled with the first telescopic arm; in step g), the basic arm is fixed and the fourth small assembly is moved to assemble with the basic arm.
- the boom fixing work is realized by the cooperation of the magnetic seat and the cylinder.
- a copper sleeve press is used to assemble the basic arm copper sleeve.
- the movements of the first travel assembly device, the second travel assembly device, the third travel assembly device, and the fourth travel assembly device are controlled by the PLC four-stage interlocking linkage mode, and after the first travel assembly device is transferred to the completion state signal
- the second walking assembly device can start the operation.
- the third walking assembly device can start the operation.
- the fourth walking is performed.
- the assembly device is only able to start up.
- the invention has the following technical effects: 1.
- the top arm is selected as the assembly reference member of the boom component, and the workpiece is transported by assembling and transferring the workpiece through a plurality of work vehicles on the line.
- the operation is convenient for the assembly work of each arm to be simultaneously deployed on the assembly line to achieve the purpose of improving work efficiency.
- the boom assembly system and method according to the present invention can realize large parts (section arms, cylinders)
- the assembly, transmission, and transfer functions overcome the shortcomings of the prior art that can only be performed by the cable-stayed assembly.
- the process layout of the boom assembly system and method according to the present invention is pre-installed by the assembly line and the boom.
- composition of the site, assembly and pre-assembly of the production organization is relatively clear, that is, the assembly needs to be completed with the assembly line, pre-installation is just preparation for assembly, overcoming the cable-stayed boom assembly or single-set group Disadvantages of the assembled group and the pre-installation process; 4.
- the boom assembly system according to the present invention Human stream is not flow, by station staff to implement customization, easier to manage, get together to overcome the prior art with the work flow more scattered disadvantages.
- FIG. 1 to FIG. 1 is a single set for a medium tonnage boom according to the prior art. Illustrated front view, top view, cross-sectional view along line AA of the front view, cross-sectional view along line BB of the top view; FIG.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic front view of the boom assembly system in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention
- 3 is a schematic illustration of a preloaded field for a plurality of pitch arms and telescoping cylinders of a boom assembly system in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
- the term "medium tonnage” in the present application means a weight between 25 tons and 90 tons, and the boom in this range is more suitable for the boom assembly system according to the present invention, but is not limited thereto.
- the assembly system and method of the present invention can also be applied to small tonnage booms of less than 25 tons. It should also be noted that, for the sake of brevity, only embodiments of the assembly system and method for a five-section boom boom are described in detail herein, and those skilled in the art will be aware of the techniques disclosed by the description of the present application.
- the boom assembly system according to the present invention adopts a linear operation mode, and selects a top arm as an assembly reference member, and uses a plurality of work vehicles to perform reciprocating and alternating motion on the assembly line to realize the assembly of the boom, and realizes the flow-through assembly by the relay rod transmission form. operation.
- DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Referring now to Figure 2, a boom assembly system in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention is described in detail.
- the boom is a five-section arm including a basic arm 9", three intermediate arms, a top arm 1" and two telescopic cylinders.
- the three intermediate arms are respectively a first telescopic arm 7", a second telescopic arm 5" and a third telescopic arm 2", and the two telescopic cylinders are respectively a first telescopic cylinder 6" (also referred to as an extension I cylinder) And a second telescopic cylinder 3" (also referred to as an extension II cylinder).
- the boom assembly system includes nine stations arranged in sequence, as viewed from right to left in Figure 2 (indicated by arrow b in the figure)
- the nine stations are: the first auxiliary station 1, the first travel assembly device ⁇ arranged to assist the assembly of the top arm 1"; the first assembly station 2, arranged to fix the third telescopic arm 2" first fixing device 2' to assemble the third telescopic arm 2" and the top arm 1"; the second auxiliary station 3, arranged with the auxiliary assembly second extension a second travel assembly 3' of the shrink cylinder 3" to form a first small assembly consisting of a top arm 1", a third telescopic arm 2" and a second telescopic cylinder 3"; a fourth station 4, a second assembly station 5, a second fixing device 5' for fixing the second telescopic arm 5" is arranged to assemble the first small assembly and the second telescopic arm 5" to form a second small total a third auxiliary station 6 is disposed with a third travel assembly device 6' that
- Each travel assembly device comprises a work vehicle, a drive mechanism and a drive chain.
- the drive mechanism is mounted on the work vehicle, and the drive train is driven by the drive mechanism to drive the work vehicle to move on the guide rail.
- the work vehicles are divided into one-way work vehicles or two-way work vehicles according to their movement trajectories.
- the working vehicle is composed of a V-shaped seat lifting mechanism, an arm end push-pull lifting device and a vehicle-mounted hydraulic pumping station (the two-way working vehicle has two arm-end two-way push-pull lifting devices).
- the V-seat lifting mechanism is mainly used for the parallel lifting adjustment of the boom to solve the alignment problem between the arms.
- the arm end push-pull lifting device is mainly used for propelling and pulling out the boom and the oil cylinder, solving the problem of loading and dismounting the arm and the cylinder, and all of them are powered by the vehicle hydraulic pumping station, and the assembly pull-out force should be greater than the propulsion force to facilitate the disassembly of the boom.
- the entire walking assembly device consists of four independent assembly conveyor chains and drive mechanisms, and each arm is composed of four work vehicles.
- FIG. 2 reference numeral 11 denotes a first-stage transmission chain
- 12 denotes a second-stage transmission chain
- 13 denotes a third-stage transmission chain
- 14 denotes a fourth-stage transmission chain.
- the drive mechanism uses a three-phase AC motor as the driving power source. After the reducer, the sprocket chain is driven to transmit the motion and power to the work vehicle, so that the assembly power is obtained.
- the traveling motor is controlled by the Mitsubishi A series inverter to control the speed and torque of the traveling mechanism. After the start of the running, the delay limits the rotational speed and torque of the motor.
- the tail of the stationary arm is equipped with a stroke detecting switch.
- the travel switch is closed.
- the PLC receives the signal, it stops the action of the running mechanism and prevents the motor from being overloaded. At this time, the motor can only be reversed and the workpiece is taken out of the current position.
- the safety clutch is automatically disengaged. To ensure normal production, it is required to automatically resume operation when the load is normal.
- the conveyor chain mechanism shall be provided with safety guards to protect the operator's work safety. Uninstall The range requirements are as follows: The boom assembly loading and unloading load is: 1100 kgf.
- the boom unloading and unloading load is: 1600 kgf. 2.
- Boom fixing device The boom fixing device is installed at each assembly station.
- Each assembly station consists of four columns, four clamping cylinders with pad assemblies, four lifting and lifting cylinders and hydraulic pipes. Road composition.
- the boom is lifted by the lifting cylinder, and the auxiliary arm body is not inclined by the two sides of the clamping cylinder.
- the arm end fixing device limits the axial movement of the boom to ensure the smooth assembly of the boom. .
- the jib copper bushing press machine jib copper bushing press machine 18 is mainly used for the assembly of the basic arm kingpin copper bushing.
- the copper set machine is a gantry frame type. The copper sleeve is pressed into the boom by the two-way two-cylinder press-fit form.
- the gantry frame is not deformed under the condition that the cylinder is applied with the assembly thrust of 20 tons, and the cylinder axial line and the bottom plane support.
- the verticality is ⁇ 1 mm.
- the hydraulic control system is side-by-side and integrated with the main pumping station. 4. Hydraulic system boom fixing device
- the hydraulic pump station is installed on the side of the boom assembly line.
- each work vehicle is equipped with a hydraulic pump station as the power for assembling the lifting arm and the cylinder.
- the installation size and position of the hydraulic pump station must meet the requirements of the delivery channel of the boom assembly line. Do not interfere.
- the width of the shop column is 500 mm.
- the shape of the pump station tank must not exceed this size.
- the fuel tank is internally provided with a filter to separate the oil absorption from the oil return.
- the oil tank is a steel plate welded structure, and is passivated and rustproofed.
- the fuel tank filler port has a forced filtering oil filter device.
- the fuel tank filling method is manual oil replenishment.
- the fuel tank of the pumping station is required to realize the oil shortage alarm function according to the change of the liquid level of the fuel tank to prevent the system from being deficient in oil and the tank from exceeding the limit.
- the hydraulic system is of continuous working nature and requires an air cooler to dissipate heat from the hydraulic tank.
- the operation mode of the hydraulic machine jog, linkage, manual control, remote control.
- the control system control system adopts two control modes: remote control and cabinet control. Each level of the conveyor chain is equipped with an independent control cabinet to control the movement of each work vehicle. Basic operation and emergency stop button on the remote control. The emergency stop switch is set on the operation panel, and the corresponding control button should be provided on the electrical cabinet.
- the whole line control adopts PLC four-level interlock linkage control. When the first-stage transmission chain work vehicle is transferred to the completion status signal, the second-level transmission chain work vehicle can start running. When the 2nd stage transfer chain work vehicle is transferred to the completion status signal, the 3rd stage transfer chain work vehicle can be started.
- the delay warning is provided with a warning signal for the light alarm before, during and after the second, third and fourth chain, and the control cabinet is provided with a full-chain status indicator. Red, green, and yellow are used to indicate fault shutdown, normal operation, and intermittent stop.
- the power take-off mode of the work vehicle is to take power from the conductive track (AC power input drive), and install an AC power input system on each section of the full-length track.
- Power box three-phase power supply 380 volts, 50 Hz, sinusoidal AC input safety power cabinet, isolated by power cabinet transformer, step-down to 36 volt three-phase AC safe voltage, feed to the conductive track.
- the conductive track is placed in parallel with the load rail at the center of the load rail.
- the load-bearing track bears the movement of the locomotive and the static load.
- the working vehicle is driven by the conductive track to obtain a 36-volt low-voltage safety power supply.
- the booster transformer is boosted to three-phase 380-volt, 50-Hz alternating current, and the three-phase motor is electrically controlled by the working vehicle. Realize the motor's positive and negative rotation, stop and shift;
- the motor drives the locomotive wheel through mechanical transmission to realize the forward, stop and shift of the work car.
- a pre-installation site for a plurality of pitch arms and telescopic cylinders may also be included, as shown in FIG.
- reference numeral 19 denotes a console
- 20 denotes a pumping station
- 21 denotes an electric column
- 22 denotes a pre-installed site of the top arm
- 23 denotes a pre-installed site of the third telescopic arm
- 24 denotes a pre-installed site of the second telescopic cylinder
- 25 A pre-installed site representing the second telescopic boom
- 26 representing the pre-installed site of the first telescoping cylinder
- 27 indicating the pre-installed site of the first telescopic boom
- 28 indicating the pre-installed site of the basic telescoping arm.
- the boom assembly method according to the present invention will be described in detail below:
- the boom assembly flow line adopts a linear operation mode, and the top arm 1 is selected as the assembly reference member, and the boom assembly is realized by the reciprocating motion of the work vehicle.
- the assembly line is firstly selected.
- the top arm 1 is the assembly reference for the boom, and the top arm 1 is placed on the first travel assembly of the first auxiliary station 1.
- the third telescopic arm 2" is fixed to the clamping fixing portion of the first assembly station 2, and then the top arm 1" and the third telescopic arm 2" are assembled by the first walking assembly device, in the second
- the auxiliary station 3 assembles the second telescopic cylinder 3" with the top arm 1" by the second travel assembly 3', and the top arm 1", the third telescopic arm 2" and the second travel assembly 3'
- the small assembly of the two telescopic cylinders 3" is moved to the second assembly station 5 and the second telescopic arms 5" for assembly, and the first telescopic cylinder 6 is used by the third travel assembly 6' of the third auxiliary station 6.
- the second telescopic cylinder 3" and the associated rope are discharged on the V-shaped seat of the second travel assembly device 3' of the second auxiliary station 3 and the position on the vehicle, and the assembly of the head of the cylinder and the work vehicle is pushed and pulled.
- the mechanism is connected in order to facilitate assembly, and then the second telescopic cylinder 3 is pushed into the top arm 1 by the second travel assembly 3' to assemble, and then the lifting device on the second travel assembly 3' is activated to move the top arm
- the first small assembly of 1 ", the third telescopic arm 2" and the second telescopic cylinder 3" is lifted, so that the boom assembly line realizes the first relay rod transmission.
- the second telescopic arm 5" is placed on the boom bracket of the second assembly station 5, and the arm is clamped and fixed from both sides by the cylinder, and then the second travel assembly device 3' is used to carry the above A small assembly moves to the second assembly station
- the first small assembly is inserted into the second telescopic arm 5" to assemble, forming a second small assembly, after the assembly is completed, the second travel assembly device 3' returns to the second auxiliary station 3, at this time, the second The small assembly is secured by the boom bracket of the second assembly station 5.
- first telescopic cylinder 6" and related ropes are discharged on the V-shaped seat of the third travel assembly device 6' of the third auxiliary station 6 and on the vehicle position, and the head of the cylinder and the assembly push-pull mechanism of the work vehicle The assembly is facilitated, and the first telescopic cylinder 6' is pushed into the arm by the third travel assembly device 6' to assemble the third small assembly, and then the lifting and lowering of the third travel assembly device 6' is started.
- the device holds the third small assembly, and the second assembly of the baton is achieved by the boom assembly line.
- the first telescopic arm 7" is placed on the boom bracket of the third assembly station 7, and the arm is clamped and fixed from both sides by the cylinder, and then the third travel assembly device 6' is used to carry the above
- the three small assemblies are moved to the third assembly station 7, and the third small assembly is inserted into the first telescopic arm 7" to be assembled to form a fourth small assembly.
- the third travel assembly device 6' returns to the third assembly.
- the fourth auxiliary station 8 acts as an extension station of the first telescopic arm 7" to alleviate the task of the third assembly station 7.
- Fourth walking assembly by the fourth auxiliary station 8 The device 8' is moved to the third assembly station 7 to lift the fourth small assembly described above, and the boom assembly line achieves a third transfer of the baton.
- the boom assembly is assembled and offline, and the boom components are commissioned and assembled.
- the first travel assembly device, the second travel assembly device 3', the third travel assembly device 6', and the fourth travel assembly device 8 are made by increasing the lift amount and the coordinated lift height. ' Avoid interference with the boom during exercise. From the above description, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the boom assembly system and method according to the present invention selects the assembly reference member with the top arm as the entire boom member, which is critical in terms of assembly theory because Whether it is the chassis, the turntable, or the assembly line of the vehicle, the assembly reference piece is correctly selected to smoothly carry out the work. Only the assembly reference features of the boom are not very obvious, and it is more difficult to determine.
- the boom assembly line according to the present invention is an efficient and practical process and equipment that can meet the needs of production, and correctly selects the top arm as the assembly reference for the boom component, and realizes the boom assembly.
- An important first step in the assembly line operation lays a good foundation for the entire assembly line process.
- the boom assembly line is a complete assembly line.
- the flow-through operation is realized by carrying and assembling and transferring the workpieces to and from the work vehicles on the line. The purpose of this is to facilitate the simultaneous assembly of the booms at all levels on the assembly line to achieve the purpose of improving work efficiency.
- the boom assembly system according to the present invention can also be used to disassemble the boom, and the boom can be disassembled by the steps opposite to the assembly steps described above.
- the detaching of the boom is only performed in a few cases in practice, unlike the assembly of the boom, large batch processing is required, but the boom assembly system of the present invention is technically achievable, and thus it is included in the present invention.
- the above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes can be made to the present invention. Any modifications, equivalents, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and scope of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
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- Forklifts And Lifting Vehicles (AREA)
Description
吊臂组装系统及组装方法 技术领域 本发明涉及起重机等行走设备上使用的吊臂的组装系统及组装方法。 背景技术 吊臂是汽车起重机的关键部件, 其制造、 装配工序至关重要。 目前, 解决汽车起 重机重要部件吊臂的组装技术与设备问题,在大吨位产品方面已经获得成功。但在中、 小吨位产品方面的问题还有待于解决, 而且大吨位产品与中、 小吨位产品的技术原理 相比较存在着很大区别。 现在国内主要存在两种组装方式: 一、 用行车斜拉组装吊臂, 这种工艺方法因过 于原始, 在此不再赘述。 二、 使用单台组装机组装吊臂, 图 la-图 Id所示为用于中吨 位吊臂的单台组装机, 其中的参考标号 15表示待装臂、 a表示吊臂装入方向、 16表示 挡住头部、 17表示操纵台, 该组装机能够实现吊臂组装。 在设计构思上首先选择了基 本臂为吊臂的装配基准件, 将基本臂放在移动 V型座上进行预装, 然后将预装完毕的 基本臂平移到夹紧固定处固定妥, 再将第一伸缩臂吊上移动 V型座上进行预装, 将预 装完毕的第一伸缩臂套入基本臂, 再将移动 V型座退回原处, 再将第二伸缩臂吊上移 动 V型座上进行预装,如此循环直至装完最后一级臂后,吊臂总成下机进入整车总装。 第一种用行车斜拉组装吊臂的方式存在以下缺点:在缺乏专用组装设备的情况下, 装配工作只能靠行车斜拉来进行装配, 这样做导致操作不安全、 工作效率低、 容易对 行车设备造成损坏等问题。 第二种用吊臂单台组装机的方式存在以下缺点: 一、 从装配理论上来分析, 吊臂 单台组装机首先存在着装配基准件选择不当的问题, 因为选择了基本臂作为装配基准 件, 而实际上基本臂在整个组装过程中是比较难以控制、 把握的。 因此, 在这个问题 上发明人认为现有的吊臂单台组装机设计的工作切入点不对, 主要原因是产品装配关 系没有理顺, 所以难以做进一步的发展。 二、 工作效率低, 从技术方案分析来看, 主 要体现在组装机进行某一级吊臂、 油缸组装时, 其余的吊臂、 油缸只能被动消极等待, 而不能主动同时展开工作, 因此, 工序进展缓慢。 三、 生产组织分工不明确, 操作人 员不能按工序铺开工作, 吊臂组装、 预装是混在一起的, 人员集中在某一个点上扎堆 工作, 管理比较散乱。
总之, 现有技术的行车斜拉组装吊臂和吊臂单台组装机, 均不能满足生产需求, 考虑采用更好的方法解决中吨位吊臂组装问题, 如流水线作业线方式。 然而, 汽车起 重机生产几十年以来, 除了底盘、 转台及整车做成了装配流水作业线外, 吊臂到目前 为止在国内还没有一条装配流水作业线, 这主要是由于吊臂部件组成的特殊性以及装 配基准件不明朗等原因, 造成吊臂难以形成流水线作业方式。 发明内容 本发明目的在于提供一种吊臂组装系统及组装方法, 以解决现有技术中吊臂组装 系统及组装方法存在的装配基准件选择不当、 工作效率低、 生产组织分工不明确的问 题。 为解决上述技术问题, 根据本发明的一个方面, 提供了一种吊臂组装系统, 吊臂 包括多个节臂和伸缩油缸, 并且多个节臂分别为基本臂、 至少一中间臂和顶级臂, 特 别地, 吊臂组装系统包括: 多个组装工位, 彼此之间间隔适当的距离且依次地布置, 每个组装工位上布置一个用于可释放地固定中间臂和基本臂中之一的固定装置; 多个 辅助工位, 每个辅助工位上布置一个能够移动到相邻组装工位的行走装配装置, 以便 将待装配部件运送并装配至固定于固定装置中的下一级中间臂或基本臂中; 以及控制 系统, 控制行走装配装置的运动, 以便以所述顶级臂作为整个装配过程的装配基准件 完成从所述顶级臂开始的吊臂组装工序。 进一步地, 每个辅助工位可独立控制。 进一步地, 每个行走装配装置包括升起和降下待装配部件以便于对准定位的升降 机构、 用于推进和拉出待装配部件的推拉机构和用于升降机构和推拉机构的动力源。 进一步地, 每个固定装置包括: 四个立柱, 每两个立柱组成相配合的一对; 四个 用于托起油缸的起落式托举油缸, 分别位于每个立柱上; 以及四个用于防止吊臂倾斜 的夹持气缸, 分别位于每个立柱上。 进一步地, 行走装配装置沿着穿过多个组装工位和多个辅助工位的一对直线导轨 运动。 进一步地, 每个行走装配装置包括工作车、 驱动机构以及传动链, 其中驱动机构 安装在工作车上, 通过驱动机构驱动传动链运动从而带动工作车在导轨上运动。 进一步地, 吊臂组装系统进一步包括用于多个节臂和伸缩油缸的预装场地。
进一步地, 预装场地上设置有与多个组装工位和多个辅助工位相对应的多个预装 工位。 进一步地, 通过磁座和气缸配合的方式实现吊臂固定工作。 进一步地, 吊臂为五节臂, 其中中间臂分别为靠近基本臂一侧的第一伸缩臂、 靠 近顶级臂一侧的第三伸缩臂和位于第一伸缩臂和第三伸缩臂之间的第二伸缩臂, 伸缩 油缸为均安装至顶级臂的第一伸缩油缸和第二伸缩油缸, 并且吊臂组装系统包括顺次 布置的九个工位, 依次分别为: 第一辅助工位, 布置有辅助装配顶级臂的第一行走装 配装置; 第一组装工位, 布置有用于固定第三伸缩臂的第一固定装置, 以组装第三伸 缩臂和顶级臂; 第二辅助工位, 布置有辅助装配第二伸缩油缸的第二行走装配装置, 以形成由顶级臂、 第三伸缩臂和第二伸缩油缸三者组成的第一小总成; 第四工位, 为 伸缩油缸的铺绳工位; 第二组装工位, 布置有用于固定第二伸缩臂的第二固定装置, 以组装第二伸缩臂和第一小总成形成第二小总成; 第三辅助工位, 布置有辅助装配第 一伸缩油缸的第三行走装配装置, 以形成由第一伸缩油缸和第二小总成组成的第三小 总成; 第三组装工位, 布置有用于固定第一伸缩臂的第三固定装置, 以组装第一伸缩 臂和第三小总成形成第四小总成; 第四辅助工位, 布置有辅助装配第四小总成的第四 行走装配装置; 以及第四组装工位, 布置有用于固定基本臂的第四固定装置, 以组装 基本臂和第四小总成。 进一步地, 吊臂为中吨位吊臂。 根据本发明的另一方面, 还提供了一种吊臂组装方法, 吊臂包括多个节臂和伸缩 油缸, 并且多个节臂分别为基本臂、 至少一中间臂和顶级臂, 特别地, 从顶级臂开始 进行组装, 并将顶级臂作为整个装配过程的装配基准件。 进一步地, 吊臂为五节臂, 其中中间臂分别为靠近基本臂一侧的第一伸缩臂、 靠 近顶级臂一侧的第三伸缩臂和位于第一伸缩臂和第三伸缩臂之间的第二伸缩臂, 伸缩 油缸为均安装至顶级臂的第一伸缩油缸和第二伸缩油缸, 方法包括以下步骤: a)将顶 级臂与第三伸缩臂进行组装; b)将第二伸缩油缸与顶级臂进行组装, 从而形成由顶级 臂、第三伸缩臂和第二伸缩油缸三者组成的第一小总成; c)将第二伸缩臂与第一小总 成组装, 形成第二小总成; d)将第一伸缩油缸与第二小总成进行组装, 形成第三小总 成; f) 将第一伸缩臂与第三小总成组装, 形成了第四小总成; g) 将基本臂与第四小 总成组装, 从而完成吊臂组装工序。 进一步地, 在 a) 步骤中, 将顶级臂放置在第一行走装配装置上, 将第三伸缩臂 固定, 移动顶级臂使其与第三伸缩臂进行组装; 在 b) 步骤中, 将第二伸缩油缸放置
在第二行走装配装置上, 移动第二伸缩油缸使其与顶级臂进行组装; 在 C) 步骤中, 将第二伸缩臂固定, 移动第一小总成使其与第二伸缩臂组装; 在 d) 步骤中, 将第一 伸缩油缸放置在第三行走装配装置上,移动第一伸缩油缸使其与第二小总成进行组装; 在 0 步骤中, 将第一伸缩臂固定, 移动第三小总成使其与第一伸缩臂组装; 在 g) 步 骤中, 将基本臂固定, 移动第四小总成使其与基本臂组装。 进一步地, 通过磁座和气缸配合的方式实现吊臂固定工作。 进一步地, 采用铜套压装机来进行基本臂铜套的装配。 进一步地, 通过 PLC四级互锁联动方式控制第一行走装配装置、第二行走装配装 置、 第三行走装配装置以及第四行走装配装置的运动, 当第一行走装配装置转入完工 状态信号后, 第二行走装配装置才能够启动运行, 当第二行走装配装置转入完工状态 信号后, 第三行走装配装置才能够启动运行, 当第三行走装配装置转入完工状态信号 后, 第四行走装配装置才能够启动运行。 本发明具有以下技术效果: 一、 根据本发明的吊臂组装系统及组装方法, 选择顶级臂作为吊臂部件的装配基 准件, 通过作业线上的若干工作车往返运载组装、 传递工件实现流水化作业, 这样有 利于将各节臂的组装工作在流水线上同时展开, 实现提高工作效率的目的; 二、 根据本发明的吊臂组装系统及方法能够实现大件(各级节臂、 油缸) 的装配、 传递、 转移功能, 克服了现有技术只能单纯靠行车斜拉装配进行上述动作的缺点; 三、 根据本发明的吊臂组装系统及方法的工艺布局是由组装流水线加吊臂预装场 地组成, 组装、 预装之间的生产组织分工比较明确, 即需要组装的动作就用组装线完 成, 预装只是做好组装之前的准备工作, 克服了行车斜拉吊臂装配或单台组装机的组、 预装工序混在一起的缺点; 四、 根据本发明的吊臂组装系统及方法是物流人不流, 人员实行按工位定制, 管 理比较容易, 克服了现有技术人员扎堆随工件流动的比较散乱的缺点。 应该理解, 以上的一般性描述和以下的详细描述都是列举和说明性质的, 目的是 为了对要求保护的本发明提供进一步的说明。
附图说明 附图构成本说明书的一部分, 用于帮助进一步理解本发明。 这些附图图解了本发 明的优选实施例, 并与说明书一起用来说明本发明的原理, 在附图中: 图 la至图 Id是根据现有技术的用于中吨位吊臂的单台组装机的示意性主视图、 俯视图、 沿主视图的 A-A线的剖视图、 沿俯视图的 B-B线的剖视图; 图 2是根据本发明的一个优选实施例的吊臂组装系统的示意性主视图; 以及 图 3是根据本发明的一个优选实施例的吊臂组装系统的用于多个节臂和伸缩油缸 的预装场地的示意图。 具体实施方式 下面将结合附图详细说明本发明的具体实施方式。 应注意, 下文仅对本发明与现 有技术不同的特征进行说明,对于在现有技术中可以发现的技术特征,这里不再赘述。 应该说明的是, 本申请中的术语"中吨位"是指在 25吨至 90吨之间的重量, 在此范围 中的吊臂更加适用根据本发明的吊臂组装系统, 但不限于此, 例如, 对于 25吨以下的 小吨位吊臂也可应用本发明的组装系统和方法。 还应说明的是, 为了简明, 在此仅仅 详细描述了对于五节臂式吊臂的组装系统和方法的实施例, 对于本领域的普通技术人 员而言, 在通过了解本申请说明书披露的技术内容的基础上, 可以想到对于四节臂、 六节臂式或其他形式的吊臂需要的组装系统和方法的实施方式, 因此本发明不限于五 节臂的情况。 根据本发明的吊臂组装系统采用直线式作业方式, 选择以顶级臂为装配基准件, 用若干工作车在组装线上作往复、 交替运动方式实现吊臂组装, 以接力棒传递形式实 现流水化装配作业。 下面参照附图 2详细介绍根据本发明的一个优选实施例的吊臂组装系统, 该吊臂 为五节臂, 其中包括基本臂 9"、 三个中间臂、 顶级臂 1"和两个伸缩油缸, 三个中间 臂分别为第一伸缩臂 7"、 第二伸缩臂 5"和第三伸缩臂 2", 而两个伸缩油缸分别为第 一伸缩油缸 6" (也可称为伸 I油缸) 和第二伸缩油缸 3" (也可称为伸 II油缸)。 该吊臂组装系统包括顺次布置的九个工位, 从图 2中看为从右到左布置 (图中箭 头 b所指示的方向), 这九个工位分别为: 第一辅助工位 1, 布置有辅助装配顶级臂 1" 的第一行走装配装置 Γ ; 第一组装工位 2, 布置有用于固定第三伸缩臂 2"的第一固定 装置 2', 以组装第三伸缩臂 2"和顶级臂 1 " ; 第二辅助工位 3, 布置有辅助装配第二伸
缩油缸 3"的第二行走装配装置 3 ', 以形成由顶级臂 1 "、 第三伸缩臂 2"和第二伸缩油 缸 3"三者组成的第一小总成; 第四工位 4, 为铺绳工位; 第二组装工位 5, 布置有用 于固定第二伸缩臂 5"的第二固定装置 5', 以组装第一小总成和第二伸缩臂 5"形成第 二小总成;第三辅助工位 6,布置有辅助装配第一伸缩油缸 6"的第三行走装配装置 6', 以形成由第一伸缩油缸 6"和第二小总成组成的第三小总成; 第三组装工位 7, 布置有 用于固定第一伸缩臂 7"的第三固定装置 7', 以组装第三小总成和第一伸缩臂 7"形成 第四小总成; 第四辅助工位 8, 布置有辅助装配第四小总成的第四行走装配装置 8'; 以及第四组装工位 9, 布置有用于固定基本臂 9"的第四固定装置 9', 以组装第四小总 成和基本臂 9"。 下面, 对本发明的吊臂组装系统的主要组成部件进行详细说明。 一、 行走装配装置 每个行走装配装置包括工作车、 驱动机构以及传动链, 其中驱动机构安装在工作 车上, 通过由驱动机构驱动传动链运动从而带动工作车在导轨上运动。 工作车分别根 据其运动轨迹分为单向工作车或者双向工作车。 工作车由 V型座升降机构、 臂端推拉升降装置及车载液压泵站组成 (其中双向工 作车有两个臂端双向推拉升降装置)。 V型座升降机构主要用于吊臂的平行升降调整, 解决各臂之间的对位问题。 臂端推拉升降装置主要用于吊臂、 油缸的推进和拉出, 解 决臂、 缸的装与拆的问题, 均由车载液压泵站供给动力, 组装拉出力应大于推进力以 便于拆卸吊臂。 整个行走装配装置由四级独立装配传送链及驱动机构组成, 各级臂由四台工作车
(即, 第一至第四行走装配装置的工作车) 在传送链上以接力棒形式逐步进行传递装 配作业。 在图 2中, 由参考标号 11表示第一级传送链, 12表示第二级传送链, 13表 示第三级传送链, 14表示第四级传送链。 驱动机构采用三相交流电机为驱动动力源, 经减速器后带动链轮链条将运动和动 力传递给工作车, 使之获得装配动力。 行走电机由三菱 A系列变频器控制行走机构的 速度及力矩, 行走启动后延时限制电机转动速度及力矩, 静止臂尾部安装有行程检测 开关, 当检测到运动臂移动到位后, 行程开关闭合, PLC收到信号后停止行走机构的 动作, 防止电机的过载, 此时电机只能反转, 将工件退出当前位置。 当传送链过载时, 安全离合器即自动脱开, 为保证正常生产, 要求当负荷正常时 能自动恢复工作。 输送链机构应设置安全防护装置, 以保护操作者的工作安全。 卸载
范围要求如下: 吊臂组装装入卸载负荷为: 1100 kgf。 吊臂拆装拉出卸载负荷为: 1600 kgf。 二、 吊臂固定装置 吊臂固定装置设置在各个组装工位上, 每个组装工位由四个立柱、 四个夹持气缸 带垫板总成、 四个起落式托举油缸及其液压管路组成。 吊臂由托举油缸托起不会下坠, 由夹持气缸两侧辅助扶持臂体不会歪斜, 由臂端头部固定装置限制吊臂的轴向串动, 以保证吊臂组装的顺利进行。 三、 吊臂铜套压装机 吊臂铜套压装机 18主要用于基本臂主销铜套的装配。 铜套装配机为龙门框架式, 采用两侧双向油缸压装形式将铜套压入吊臂, 龙门框架在承受油缸施加装配推力 20 吨的情况下不变形, 其油缸轴心线与底平面支承的垂直度≤1 mm。 液压控制系统采用 旁置式, 与主泵站合并为一体。 四、 液压系统 吊臂固定装置液压泵站安装于吊臂组装流水线旁侧, 此外每个工作车配备一个液 压泵站作为组装托举吊臂、 油缸的动力。 液压泵站安装尺寸、 位置必须满足吊臂组装 作业线送货通道的要求, 不得干涉, 车间立柱宽度为 500 mm, 泵站油箱外形不得超过 此尺寸。 油箱在内部设置过滤网, 将吸油与回油分开, 同时设置棒式磁滤器, 油箱为钢板 焊接结构, 并进行钝化防锈处理。 为保证加油符合要求, 油箱加油口有强制过滤的滤 油装置。 油箱补油方式为手动补油。 泵站油箱要求能够根据油箱液面的变化, 实现缺 油报警功能, 防止系统缺油和油箱超限。 液压系统为连续工作性质, 要求采用风冷却 器, 对液压油箱进行散热。 液压机的操作方式: 点动、 连动, 手控、 遥控。 在关键部 位处应设有压力检测表和压力检测点, 便于以后维修检查判断故障。 五、 控制系统 控制系统采用遥控和柜控两种控制方式, 每级输送链旁设有独立控柜一个, 以控 制各工作车的运动。 遥控器上能进行基本的操作并带急停按钮。 操作面板上设置急停 开关, 电气柜上应有相应的控制按钮。
全线控制采用 PLC四级互锁联动控制, 当第 1级传送链工作车转入完工状态信号 后,第 2级传送链工作车方可启动运行。当第 2级传送链工作车转入完工状态信号后, 第 3级传送链工作车方可启动运行。 每次运行前延时预警, 在第 2、 3、 4级链前、 中、 后设有灯光报警预警信号, 控制柜设全链状态显示灯。 用红、 绿、 黄分别表示故障停 线、 正常运行和间歇停止。 工作车的动力取电方式为导电轨道取电(交流供电输入传动),在各段全长轨道上 安装交流供电输入系统。 厂房动力箱, 三相电源 380伏、 50 Hz, 正弦交流电输入安全 电源柜, 经电源柜变压器隔离, 降压为 36伏三相交流安全电压, 馈电给导电轨道。 导 电轨道与承载轨道平行铺设于承载轨道中央。 承载轨道承受机车运动及静载负荷, 工 作车由导电轨道通过滚轮接触取得 36伏低压安全电源, 经升压变压器升压至三相 380 伏、 50 Hz交流电, 通过工作车电气控制三相电机, 实现电动机正反转, 停止和变速; 电动机通过机械传动驱动机车车轮, 实现工作车的前进, 停止及变速。 此外, 在根据本发明的一个优选实施例的吊臂组装系统中, 还可以包括用于多个 节臂和伸缩油缸的预装场地, 如图 3中所示。 其中参考标号 19表示操纵台, 20表示 泵站, 21表示电气立柱, 22表示顶级臂的预装场地, 23表示第三伸缩臂的预装场地, 24表示第二伸缩油缸的预装场地, 25表示第二伸缩臂的预装场地, 26表示第一伸缩 油缸的预装场地, 27表示第一伸缩臂的预装场地, 以及 28表示基本臂的预装场地。 下面对根据本发明的吊臂组装方法进行详细描述: 该吊臂组装流水作业线采用直线式作业方式, 选择以顶级臂 1 "为装配基准件, 用 工作车往复运动方式实现吊臂组装, 以接力棒传递形式实现流水线装配作业。 在设计 构思上首先选择了顶级臂 1 "为吊臂的装配基准件, 将顶级臂 1 "放在第一辅助工位 1 的第一行走装配装置 Γ上,然后将第三伸缩臂 2"放到第一组装工位 2的夹紧固定处固 定妥, 再用第一行走装配装置 Γ将顶级臂 1 "与第三伸缩臂 2"进行组装, 在第二辅助 工位 3用第二行走装配装置 3'将第二伸缩油缸 3"与顶级臂 1 "进行组装, 再用第二行 走装配装置 3'将顶级臂 1 "、 第三伸缩臂 2"及第二伸缩油缸 3"组成的小总成移动至第 二组装工位 5与第二伸缩臂 5"进行组装,再用第三辅助工位 6的第三行走装配装置 6' 将第一伸缩油缸 6"与上述总成进行组装后,用第三行走装配装置 6'将该总成与第一伸 缩臂 7"进行组装,最后用第四辅助工位 8的第四行走装配装置 8'将上述总成在第九工 位 9与基本臂 9"进行组装后, 至此, 全部组装任务完成下线进入整车总装。 为了进一 步理解, 下面将上述过程进行更为详细的描述:
1、 首先将吊臂的顶级臂 1 "放在第一辅助工位 1的第一行走装配装置 Γ的 V型座 上, 将顶级臂 1 "的头部与工作车的组装推拉机构联妥, 推拉机构能够进行吊臂升降调 整, 此举主要是为了实现对装配基准件进行掌控, 使整个组装过程顺利进行。
2、 将第三伸缩臂 2"放到第一组装工位 2的吊臂托架上, 然后用气缸从两侧将臂 夹紧固定妥后, 再驱动第一行走装配装置 Γ将顶级臂 1 "推入第三伸缩臂 2"内以实现 组装。 组装过程中注意调控装配基准件的位置, 如遇产品质量问题则应将工作车倒车 将吊臂拆出后再进行整理。 组装完成后将第一行走装配装置 Γ返回第一辅助工位 1, 此时工件由第一组装工位 2的吊臂托架固定。
3、 将第二伸缩油缸 3"及相关绳排放在第二辅助工位 3的第二行走装配装置 3'的 V型座上及车上位置,并将油缸的头部与工作车的组装推拉机构联妥以便于进行组装, 再用第二行走装配装置 3'将第二伸缩油缸 3"推入顶级臂 1 "进行组装后, 再启动第二 行走装配装置 3'上的升降装置将顶级臂 1 "、 第三伸缩臂 2"及第二伸缩油缸 3 "组成的 第一小总成托起, 这样, 吊臂组装线就实现了第一次接力棒传递。
4、 将第二伸缩臂 5"放到第二组装工位 5的吊臂托架上, 并用气缸从两侧将臂夹 紧固定妥后, 然后再用第二行走装配装置 3'承载上述第一小总成移动至第二组装工位
5, 将上述第一小总成顶入第二伸缩臂 5"内进行组装, 形成第二小总成, 组装完成后 第二行走装配装置 3'返回第二辅助工位 3, 此时第二小总成由第二组装工位 5的吊臂 托架固定。
1寺第一伸缩油缸 6"及相关绳排放在第三辅助工位 6的第三行走装配装置 6'的 V型座上及车上位置,并将油缸的头部与工作车的组装推拉机构联妥以便于进行组装, 再用第三行走装配装置 6'将第一伸缩油缸 6"推入上述臂内进行组装后形成第三小总 成, 再启动第三行走装配装置 6'上的升降装置将第三小总成托起, 于是, 吊臂组装线 就实现了第二次接力棒传递。
6、 将第一伸缩臂 7"放到第三组装工位 7的吊臂托架上, 并用气缸从两侧将臂夹 紧固定妥后, 然后再用第三行走装配装置 6'承载上述第三小总成移动至第三组装工位 7, 将上述第三小总成顶入第一伸缩臂 7"内进行组装形成第四小总成, 组装完成后第 三行走装配装置 6'返回第三辅助工位 6, 此时第四小总成由第三组装工位 7的吊臂托 架固定。
7、 因第一伸缩臂 7"装配工作量比较大, 所以第四辅助工位 8就作为第一伸缩臂 7"的延伸工位以缓解第三组装工位 7的工作任务。 由第四辅助工位 8的第四行走装配
装置 8'移动至第三组装工位 7将上述第四小总成托起, 吊臂组装线就实现了第三次接 力棒传递。
8、将承载第四小总成的第四行走装配装置 8'移动至第四辅助工位 8后继续完成第 一伸缩臂 7"的装配工作。 9、 将基本臂 9"放到第四组装工位 9的吊臂托架上, 并用气缸从两侧将臂夹紧固 定妥后, 然后再用第四行走装配装置 8'承载上述第四小总成移动至第四组装工位 9, 将上述第四小总成顶入基本臂 9"内进行组装,组装完成后第四行走装配装置 8'返回第 四辅助工位 8, 此时全部吊臂总成由第四组装工位 9的吊臂托架固定。
10、 吊臂总成组装完毕、 下线, 进入吊臂部件调试和整车总装。 此外, 还应说明的是, 通过采用增加升降量和协调升降高度的方式, 使得第一行 走装配装置 Γ、第二行走装配装置 3 '、第三行走装配装置 6'以及第四行走装配装置 8' 在运动时避免与吊臂干涉。 通过以上描述, 本领域的普通技术人员可以看出, 根据本发明的吊臂组装系统及 方法选取了以顶级臂作为整个吊臂部件的装配基准件, 这一步从装配理论上来讲非常 关键, 因为无论是底盘、 转台、 整车装配流水线, 都是正确地选择了装配基准件才得 以顺畅展开作业。 只是吊臂的装配基准件特征不是很明显, 比较难以确定, 这也是国 内生产汽车起重机几十年来还没有产生中吨位吊臂组装流水线的一个重要原因。 与吊臂单台组装机相比较, 可以看出, 单台组装机存在着装配基准件选择不当的 问题, 据分析, 因为选择了基本臂作为装配基准件, 而基本臂由于其外在特征和内部 结构, 在整个组装过程中工件装夹及相对位置调控是比较困难的。 因此, 吊臂单台组 装机设计的工作切入点不对, 产品装配关系没有理顺, 就难以做进一步的发展, 所以 如果想在此基础上再做流水作业线的话, 自然也就"流"不起来了。 由以上情况来看, 根据本发明的吊臂组装作业线是能够满足生产所需要的高效且 实用的工艺方法及设备, 正确地选择顶级臂作为吊臂部件的装配基准件, 是实现吊臂 组装流水线作业重要的第一步, 为整个流水线工艺流程打下了良好基础。 吊臂组装流 水作业线是一条完整的部件装配流水线。 通过作业线上的若干工作车往返运载组装、 传递工件实现流水化作业, 这样做的目的是有利于将各级吊臂的组装工作在流水线上 同时展开, 达到提高工作效率的目的。
进一步地, 本领域的普通技术人员应该理解的是, 根据本发明的吊臂组装系统也 可以用来拆卸吊臂, 通过与上述组装步骤相反的步骤即可实现吊臂的拆卸工作。 虽然 在实际中拆卸吊臂只是在少数情况下进行, 不像组装吊臂一样需要大批量处理, 但是 通过本发明的吊臂组装系统在技术上是可以实现的, 因此其包含在本发明所限定的保 护范围之内。 以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已, 并不用于限制本发明, 对于本领域的技 术人员来说, 本发明可以有各种更改和变化。 凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任 何修改、 等同替换、 改进等, 均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims
1. 一种吊臂组装系统, 所述吊臂包括多个节臂和伸缩油缸, 并且所述多个节臂分 别为基本臂、 至少一中间臂和顶级臂, 其特征在于, 所述吊臂组装系统包括: 多个组装工位, 彼此之间间隔适当的距离且依次地布置, 每个所述组装工 位上布置一个用于可释放地固定所述中间臂和所述基本臂中之一的固定装置; 多个辅助工位, 每个所述辅助工位上布置一个能够移动到相邻的所述组装 工位的行走装配装置, 以便将待装配部件运送并装配至固定于所述固定装置中 的下一级中间臂或基本臂中; 以及
控制系统, 控制所述行走装配装置的运动, 以便以所述顶级臂作为整个装 配过程的装配基准件完成从所述顶级臂开始的吊臂组装工序。
2. 根据权利要求 1所述的吊臂组装系统, 其特征在于, 每个所述辅助工位可独立 控制。
3. 根据权利要求 1所述的吊臂组装系统, 其特征在于, 每个所述行走装配装置包 括升起和降下待装配部件以便于对准定位的升降机构、 用于推进和拉出待装配 部件的推拉机构和用于所述升降机构和所述推拉机构的动力源。
4. 根据权利要求 1所述的吊臂组装系统, 其特征在于, 每个所述固定装置包括: 四个立柱, 每两个所述立柱组成相配合的一对; 四个用于托起油缸的起落式托 举油缸, 分别位于每个所述立柱上; 以及四个用于防止吊臂倾斜的夹持气缸, 分别位于每个所述立柱上。
5. 根据权利要求 1所述的吊臂组装系统, 其特征在于, 所述行走装配装置沿着穿 过所述多个组装工位和所述多个辅助工位的一对直线导轨运动。
6. 根据权利要求 5所述的吊臂组装系统, 其特征在于, 每个所述行走装配装置包 括工作车、 驱动机构以及传动链, 其中所述驱动机构安装在所述工作车上, 通 过所述驱动机构驱动所述传动链运动从而带动所述工作车在所述导轨上运动。
7. 根据权利要求 1所述的吊臂组装系统, 其特征在于, 所述吊臂组装系统进一步 包括用于所述多个节臂和所述伸缩油缸的预装场地。
8. 根据权利要求 7所述的吊臂组装系统, 其特征在于, 所述预装场地上设置有与 所述多个组装工位和所述多个辅助工位相对应的多个预装工位。
9. 根据权利要求 1所述的吊臂组装系统, 其特征在于, 通过磁座和气缸配合的方 式实现吊臂固定工作。
10. 根据权利要求 1至 9中任一项所述的吊臂组装系统, 其特征在于, 所述吊臂为五节臂, 其中所述中间臂分别为靠近所述基本臂一侧的第一伸 缩臂、 靠近所述顶级臂一侧的第三伸缩臂和位于所述第一伸缩臂和所述第三伸 缩臂之间的第二伸缩臂, 所述伸缩油缸为均安装至所述顶级臂的第一伸缩油缸 和第二伸缩油缸, 并且所述吊臂组装系统包括顺次布置的九个工位, 依次分别 为:
第一辅助工位, 布置有辅助装配所述顶级臂的第一行走装配装置; 第一组装工位, 布置有用于固定所述第三伸缩臂的第一固定装置, 以组装 所述第三伸缩臂和所述顶级臂;
第二辅助工位, 布置有辅助装配所述第二伸缩油缸的第二行走装配装置, 以形成由所述顶级臂、 所述第三伸缩臂和所述第二伸缩油缸三者组成的第一小 总成;
第四工位, 为所述伸缩油缸的铺绳工位;
第二组装工位, 布置有用于固定所述第二伸缩臂的第二固定装置, 以组装 所述第二伸缩臂和所述第一小总成形成第二小总成;
第三辅助工位, 布置有辅助装配所述第一伸缩油缸的第三行走装配装置, 以形成由所述第一伸缩油缸和所述第二小总成组成的第三小总成;
第三组装工位, 布置有用于固定所述第一伸缩臂的第三固定装置, 以组装 所述第一伸缩臂和所述第三小总成形成第四小总成;
第四辅助工位, 布置有辅助装配所述第四小总成的第四行走装配装置; 以 及
第四组装工位, 布置有用于固定所述基本臂的第四固定装置, 以组装所述 基本臂和所述第四小总成。
11. 根据权利要求 10所述的吊臂组装系统, 其特征在于, 所述吊臂为中吨位吊臂。
12. 一种吊臂组装方法, 所述吊臂包括多个节臂和伸缩油缸, 并且所述多个节臂分 别为基本臂、 至少一中间臂和顶级臂, 其特征在于, 从所述顶级臂开始进行组 装, 并将所述顶级臂作为整个装配过程的装配基准件。
13. 根据权利要求 12所述的吊臂组装方法, 其特征在于, 所述吊臂为五节臂, 其中 所述中间臂分别为靠近所述基本臂一侧的第一伸缩臂、 靠近所述顶级臂一侧的 第三伸缩臂和位于所述第一伸缩臂和所述第三伸缩臂之间的第二伸缩臂, 所述 伸缩油缸为均安装至所述顶级臂的第一伸缩油缸和第二伸缩油缸, 所述方法包 括以下步骤:
a) 将所述顶级臂与所述第三伸缩臂进行组装;
b) 将所述第二伸缩油缸与所述顶级臂进行组装, 从而形成由所述顶级臂、 所述第三伸缩臂和所述第二伸缩油缸三者组成的第一小总成;
c) 将所述第二伸缩臂与所述第一小总成组装, 形成第二小总成; d) 将所述第一伸缩油缸与所述第二小总成进行组装, 形成第三小总成; f) 将所述第一伸缩臂与所述第三小总成组装, 形成了第四小总成; g) 将所述基本臂与所述第四小总成组装, 从而完成吊臂组装工序。
14. 根据权利要求 13所述的吊臂组装方法, 其特征在于,
在 a) 步骤中, 将所述顶级臂放置在第一行走装配装置上, 将所述第三伸 缩臂固定, 移动所述顶级臂使其与所述第三伸缩臂进行组装;
在 b) 步骤中, 将所述第二伸缩油缸放置在第二行走装配装置上, 移动所 述第二伸缩油缸使其与所述顶级臂进行组装;
在 c) 步骤中, 将所述第二伸缩臂固定, 移动所述第一小总成使其与所述 第二伸缩臂组装;
在 d) 步骤中, 将所述第一伸缩油缸放置在第三行走装配装置上, 移动所 述第一伸缩油缸使其与所述第二小总成进行组装;
在 f) 步骤中, 将所述第一伸缩臂固定, 移动所述第三小总成使其与所述 第一伸缩臂组装;
在 g) 步骤中, 将所述基本臂固定, 移动所述第四小总成使其与所述基本 臂组装。
15. 根据权利要求 12至 14中任一项所述的吊臂组装方法, 其特征在于, 通过磁座 和气缸配合的方式实现吊臂固定工作。
16. 根据权利要求 12至 14中任一项所述的吊臂组装方法, 其特征在于, 采用铜套 压装机来进行所述基本臂的铜套的装配。
17. 根据权利要求 14所述的吊臂组装方法, 其特征在于, 通过 PLC四级互锁联动 方式控制所述第一行走装配装置、 所述第二行走装配装置、 所述第三行走装配 装置以及所述第四行走装配装置的运动, 当所述第一行走装配装置转入完工状 态信号后, 所述第二行走装配装置才能够启动运行, 当所述第二行走装配装置 转入完工状态信号后, 所述第三行走装配装置才能够启动运行, 当所述第三行 走装配装置转入完工状态信号后, 所述第四行走装配装置才能够启动运行。
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| DE102013011173B4 (de) * | 2013-07-04 | 2019-05-23 | Liebherr-Werk Ehingen Gmbh | Verfahren zur Montage eines Krans sowie Anlenkschuss, Teleskopausleger und Kran |
| CN103551829A (zh) * | 2013-09-16 | 2014-02-05 | 天津山河装备开发有限公司 | 一种起重机吊臂装配平台 |
| CN104384889B (zh) * | 2014-08-28 | 2016-10-05 | 中联重科股份有限公司 | 油缸与钢丝绳的装配装置 |
| CN104384925B (zh) * | 2014-10-10 | 2016-08-17 | 兰州空间技术物理研究所 | 磁选态铯束管选态磁铁组件装配系统及装配检验方法 |
| CN104400415B (zh) * | 2014-10-31 | 2016-10-26 | 湖南百特随车起重机有限公司 | 起重机吊臂装调系统 |
| JP6563271B2 (ja) | 2015-08-03 | 2019-08-21 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | 組立体製造装置及び組立体製造方法 |
| CN108466028B (zh) * | 2018-05-31 | 2024-01-12 | 安徽合力股份有限公司 | 一种用于伸缩臂与固定臂合装的推送装置 |
| CN110682090B (zh) * | 2019-09-24 | 2022-08-23 | 湖南中联重科应急装备有限公司 | 伸缩臂装配系统及装配方法 |
| CN110900074B (zh) * | 2019-12-02 | 2022-04-12 | 常德市鼎鑫机械有限公司 | 一种大型焊接件加工用组装式限位焊接平台 |
| CN114001772B (zh) * | 2021-09-28 | 2024-08-06 | 南斗六星系统集成有限公司 | 流水线以及生产方法 |
| CN113800449B (zh) * | 2021-11-16 | 2022-02-08 | 四川明阳承起机械有限公司 | 一种自动化起重机大臂拆装设备 |
| CN116408640A (zh) * | 2021-12-29 | 2023-07-11 | 沈阳新松机器人自动化股份有限公司 | 一种臂架自动合装设备 |
| CN115262967B (zh) * | 2022-08-29 | 2024-07-05 | 济宁宏顺机械制造有限公司 | 一种房屋建设用钢结构支撑装置 |
| CN117840714A (zh) * | 2022-09-30 | 2024-04-09 | 三一海洋重工有限公司 | 一种合套工装 |
| CN117444637A (zh) * | 2023-10-26 | 2024-01-26 | 上海振华重工(集团)股份有限公司 | 一种岸边集装箱起重机制造生产线及生产方法 |
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