WO2012103278A1 - Tube structures for heat exchanger - Google Patents
Tube structures for heat exchanger Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2012103278A1 WO2012103278A1 PCT/US2012/022641 US2012022641W WO2012103278A1 WO 2012103278 A1 WO2012103278 A1 WO 2012103278A1 US 2012022641 W US2012022641 W US 2012022641W WO 2012103278 A1 WO2012103278 A1 WO 2012103278A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- tube
- ridges
- ratio
- heat exchanger
- ridge
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 description 11
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910002482 Cu–Ni Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004378 air conditioning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- -1 for example Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012886 linear function Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
- F28F1/10—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses
- F28F1/12—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
- F28F1/10—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses
- F28F1/12—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element
- F28F1/24—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element and extending transversely
- F28F1/32—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element and extending transversely the means having portions engaging further tubular elements
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
- F28F1/10—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses
- F28F1/40—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only inside the tubular element
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F21/00—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials
- F28F21/08—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials of metal
Definitions
- the subject matter disclosed herein relates to heat exchangers. More specifically, the subject disclosure relates to improved tube structures for a heat exchanger.
- a simplified typical vapor compression refrigeration cycle includes an evaporator, a compressor, a condenser and an expansion device.
- Refrigerant flow is such that low pressure refrigerant vapor passes through a suction line to the compressor.
- the compressed refrigerant vapor is pumped to a discharge line that connects to the condenser.
- a liquid line receives liquid refrigerant exiting the condenser and directs it to the expansion device.
- a two-phase refrigerant is returned to the evaporator, thereby completing the cycle.
- RTPF round tube plate fin
- the tubes were made of copper while the fins were typically made of aluminum in such heat exchangers.
- the thermal performance of a heat exchanger is inversely proportional to the sum of its thermal resistances.
- HVAC&R heating, ventilation, air conditioning and refrigeration
- the airside thermal resistance contributes 50-70% while refrigerant side thermal resistance is 20-40% and the metal resistance is relatively small and represents only 6-10%. Due to the continuous market pressure and regulatory requirements to make HVAC&R units more compact and cost effective, a lot of effort has been devoted to improving the heat exchanger performance on the refrigerant side as well as the airside.
- a fluid-carrying tube for a heat exchanger includes an outer perimeter, an inner perimeter, and a plurality of ridges extending from the inner perimeter inwardly into an interior of the tube.
- Each ridge includes a ridge height, a base width and a tip width.
- a ratio of the ridge height to the base width is between about 0.2 and about 4.0, and a ratio of the tip width to the base width is between about 0.015 and about 0.965.
- a heat exchanger includes a plurality of fins and a plurality of tubes passing a fluid therethrough and extending through the plurality of fins.
- At least one tube of the plurality of tubes includes an outer perimeter, an inner perimeter, and a plurality of ridges extending from the inner perimeter inwardly into an interior of the at least one tube.
- Each ridge has a ridge height, a base width, and a tip width.
- a ratio of the ridge height to the base width is between about 0.2 and about 4.0, and a ratio of the tip width to the base width is between about 0.015 and about 0.965.
- Figure 1 is a schematic view of an embodiment of a heat exchanger
- Figure 2 is a partial cross-sectional view of an embodiment of a heat exchanger tube
- Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of a heat exchanger tube.
- FIG. 1 Shown in Figure 1 is an embodiment of a round tube plate fin (RTPF) heat exchanger 10, such as one utilized as an evaporator or condenser.
- the RTPF heat exchanger 10 includes a plurality of tubes 12 and a plurality of fins 14.
- the plurality of tubes 12 carry a fluid, for example, a refrigerant. Thermal energy is exchanged between the fluid and air flowing past the plurality of fins 14.
- the tubes 12 may be formed of an aluminum or aluminum alloy by, for example, an extrusion process, while in other embodiments, the tubes 12 maybe formed of other materials, for example, copper, Cu-Ni, steel or plastic.
- FIG. 2 illustrates a partial cross-sectional view of a tube 12 of a heat exchanger 10.
- the tube 12 includes a plurality of enhancements, or ridges 16 extending into an interior 18 of the tube 12.
- the tube 12 has an outer perimeter 32 and an inner perimeter 34, with the ridges 16 extending inwardly from the inner perimeter 34 into the interior 18 of the tube 12.
- the ridges 16 extend along a length 20 of the tube 12.
- the ridges 16 extend substantially axially, while in other embodiments, the ridges 16 extend helically along the tube 12 at a helix angle a with respect to a tube axis 24.
- Ridges 16 such as those described herein, improve the heat transfer characteristics of the tubes 12 while maintaining a balance with pressure drop requirements to achieve a desired refrigerant flow through the tubes 12.
- Specific geometric configurations of the ridges 16, enhancing both the pre-expansion and post-expansion tube 12 surface geometry, are described below by way of example.
- the ridges 16 have a number of characteristics to define their shape and arrangement in the interior 18 of the tube 12.
- Each ridge 16 has a ridge 16 height h, a base 26 width w, and a tip 28 width b. Sides 30 of the ridge 16 extend from the base 26 to the tip 28 at an apex angle Y. Adjacent ridges 16 are spaced by a ridge 16 pitch P r .
- Each tube 12 has a tube diameter D, and a baseline tube 12 wall thickness between adjacent ridges 16.
- the increased internal surface area of the tube 12 including ridges 16 compared to the smooth-walled tube increases the effectiveness of thermal energy transfer between fluid in the tube 12 and an external environment.
- the effect of the increased surface area can be expressed as an enhancement ratio R x as in equation (2) below:
- R x (2 *h*N r *((l-sin(Y/2)/ ⁇ *(D-2*(tb+h))*cos(Y/2)))+l)/cos a
- the enhancement ratio Rx is a strong linear function of 1 ⁇ /( ⁇ *( D-2*(t b +h))/N r ), which is a ratio of the ridge height h, to the ridge pitch P r .
- the ridges 16 may extend substantially axially along the length 20, or may extend at helix angle a of between about 18 degrees and about 35 degrees. Further, a ratio of the number of ridges Nr to a maximum internal diameter of the tube 12, or N/D imax may be between about 5.4 and about 10.1, where D imax is specified in millimeters. In some embodiments, a ratio of the ridge height, h, to the ridge pitch, P r , is between about 0.17 and about 1.36. R X; as shown in equation 1, is between about 1.28 and about 3.49 in some embodiments, for example, those where the ridges 16 extend substantially axially along the tube 12.
- R x is between about 1.34 and about 4.26.
- a ratio ridge height h to maximum internal diameter of the tube 12, or h/D imax is between about 0.0008 and about 0.0870.
- the apex angle Y is between about 10 degrees and 25 degrees.
- the ridge height h and base width w are related such that a ratio of the ridge height to the base width, or h/w is between about 0.2 and about 4.0.
- the tip width b and the base width w, or b/w is between about 0.015 and about 0.965.
- N r /Di max may be between about 5.4 and about 9.25.
- h/ P r is between about 0.17 and about 1.22.
- R x is between about 1.28 and about 3.23 in embodiments where the ridges 16 extend substantially axially along the tube 12 and where the helix angle a is not zero, R x is between about 1.34 and about 3.94.
- h/Di max is between about 0.0008 and about 0.035.
- N r /Di max where Dj max is expressed in millimeters, may be between about 5.8 and about 10.1.
- h/ P r is between about 0.19 and about 1.36.
- R x is between about 1.30 and about 3.49 in embodiments where the ridges 16 extend substantially axially along the tube 12 and where the helix angle a is not zero, R x is between about 1.37 and about 4.26.
- h/Dj max is between about 0.0117 and about 0.0488.
- N/D imax may be between about 5.4 and about 9.5, where D imax is specified in millimeters.
- h/P r is between about 0.18 and about 1.30.
- R x is between about 1.28 and about 3.37 in embodiments where the ridges 16 extend substantially axially along the tube 12 and where the helix angle a is not zero, R x is between about 1.35 and about 4.12.
- h/D imax is between about 0.021 and about 0.087.
- N r /Di max may be between about 5.5 and about 9.4, where Dj max is specified in millimeters.
- h/P r is between about 0.18 and about 1.30.
- R x is between about 1.29 and about 3.39 in embodiments where the ridges 16 extend substantially axially along the tube 12 and where the helix angle a is not zero, R x is between about 1.36 and about 4.14.
- h/Dj max is between about 0.021 and about 0.087.
- tubes 12 illustrated herein are substantially circular, it is to be appreciated that, in other embodiments, the tubes 12 may be noncircular in cross-section having, for example, an oval, an elliptical, or a race-track cross-section.
- an equivalent to tube 12 diameter D would be a circular cross-section tube diameter that would have identical mass or material content in the cross-section as the particular non-circular cross-section. All geometrical ratios described hereabove are equally applicable to such non- circular tube configurations allowing achieving substantially improved in-tube thermal and hydraulic performance.
- tubes 12 including such ridges 16 that conform to the exemplary ranges of these ratios exhibit substantially improved thermo-hydraulic performance over prior art tubes.
- the ratios, and described ranges for the ratios, are not obvious and have been developed via extensive simulation and experimentation on the component and sub-component level, while specifically focusing on the two-phase refrigerant flows.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Geometry (AREA)
- Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN201280006657.8A CN103339460B (zh) | 2011-01-28 | 2012-01-26 | 用于换热器的载流管 |
EP12702387.7A EP2668460A1 (de) | 2011-01-28 | 2012-01-26 | Röhrenstrukturen für einen wärmetauscher |
US13/981,364 US20130306288A1 (en) | 2011-01-28 | 2012-01-26 | Tube structures for heat exchanger |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US201161437427P | 2011-01-28 | 2011-01-28 | |
US61/437,427 | 2011-01-28 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2012103278A1 true WO2012103278A1 (en) | 2012-08-02 |
Family
ID=45562485
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US2012/022641 WO2012103278A1 (en) | 2011-01-28 | 2012-01-26 | Tube structures for heat exchanger |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20130306288A1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP2668460A1 (de) |
CN (1) | CN103339460B (de) |
WO (1) | WO2012103278A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20180038654A1 (en) * | 2016-08-08 | 2018-02-08 | General Electric Company | System for fault tolerant passage arrangements for heat exchanger applications |
CN112577355A (zh) * | 2019-09-27 | 2021-03-30 | 约克(无锡)空调冷冻设备有限公司 | 一种换热管、换热器及使用该换热器的空调系统 |
US11662150B2 (en) | 2020-08-13 | 2023-05-30 | General Electric Company | Heat exchanger having curved fluid passages for a gas turbine engine |
US12006870B2 (en) | 2020-12-10 | 2024-06-11 | General Electric Company | Heat exchanger for an aircraft |
Citations (6)
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JP2003222487A (ja) * | 2002-01-31 | 2003-08-08 | Kobe Steel Ltd | プレートフィンチューブ型熱交換器用内面溝付管及びプレートフィンチューブ型熱交換器 |
JP2003287383A (ja) * | 2002-03-27 | 2003-10-10 | Kobe Steel Ltd | 内面溝付管 |
JP2006098033A (ja) * | 2004-09-02 | 2006-04-13 | Kobelco & Materials Copper Tube Inc | リターンベンド管およびフィンアンドチューブ型熱交換器 |
JP2007271123A (ja) * | 2006-03-30 | 2007-10-18 | Kobelco & Materials Copper Tube Inc | 内面溝付伝熱管 |
WO2009028901A2 (en) * | 2007-08-31 | 2009-03-05 | Lg Electronics Inc. | Heat exchanger and air conditioner having the same and manufacturing process of the same |
EP2123998A2 (de) * | 2008-05-21 | 2009-11-25 | STIEBEL ELTRON GmbH & Co. KG | Wärmepumpenvorrichtung mit einem Lamellenrohrwärmeübertrager als Verdampfer |
Family Cites Families (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1895287A (en) * | 1931-10-15 | 1933-01-24 | Heintz Mfg Co | Fin radlator |
US3831675A (en) * | 1972-01-17 | 1974-08-27 | Olin Corp | Heat exchanger tube |
JP2730824B2 (ja) * | 1991-07-09 | 1998-03-25 | 三菱伸銅株式会社 | 内面溝付伝熱管およびその製造方法 |
US6164370A (en) * | 1993-07-16 | 2000-12-26 | Olin Corporation | Enhanced heat exchange tube |
CA2179448A1 (en) * | 1995-07-12 | 1997-01-13 | Atsuyumi Ishikawa | Heat exchanger for refrigerating cycle |
JP2001343194A (ja) * | 2000-05-31 | 2001-12-14 | Mitsubishi Shindoh Co Ltd | 内面溝付伝熱管および熱交換装置 |
DE10041919C1 (de) * | 2000-08-25 | 2001-10-31 | Wieland Werke Ag | Innenberipptes Wärmeaustauschrohr mit versetzt angeordneten Rippen unterschiedlicher Höhe |
FR2837270B1 (fr) * | 2002-03-12 | 2004-10-01 | Trefimetaux | Tubes rainures a utilisation reversible pour echangeurs thermiques |
JP4665713B2 (ja) * | 2005-10-25 | 2011-04-06 | 日立電線株式会社 | 内面溝付伝熱管 |
CN201081590Y (zh) * | 2007-07-26 | 2008-07-02 | 上海龙阳精密复合铜管有限公司 | 瘦高型齿内螺纹无缝高效传热管 |
-
2012
- 2012-01-26 EP EP12702387.7A patent/EP2668460A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2012-01-26 WO PCT/US2012/022641 patent/WO2012103278A1/en active Application Filing
- 2012-01-26 CN CN201280006657.8A patent/CN103339460B/zh active Active
- 2012-01-26 US US13/981,364 patent/US20130306288A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2003222487A (ja) * | 2002-01-31 | 2003-08-08 | Kobe Steel Ltd | プレートフィンチューブ型熱交換器用内面溝付管及びプレートフィンチューブ型熱交換器 |
JP2003287383A (ja) * | 2002-03-27 | 2003-10-10 | Kobe Steel Ltd | 内面溝付管 |
JP2006098033A (ja) * | 2004-09-02 | 2006-04-13 | Kobelco & Materials Copper Tube Inc | リターンベンド管およびフィンアンドチューブ型熱交換器 |
JP2007271123A (ja) * | 2006-03-30 | 2007-10-18 | Kobelco & Materials Copper Tube Inc | 内面溝付伝熱管 |
WO2009028901A2 (en) * | 2007-08-31 | 2009-03-05 | Lg Electronics Inc. | Heat exchanger and air conditioner having the same and manufacturing process of the same |
EP2123998A2 (de) * | 2008-05-21 | 2009-11-25 | STIEBEL ELTRON GmbH & Co. KG | Wärmepumpenvorrichtung mit einem Lamellenrohrwärmeübertrager als Verdampfer |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See also references of EP2668460A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN103339460A (zh) | 2013-10-02 |
US20130306288A1 (en) | 2013-11-21 |
CN103339460B (zh) | 2017-01-18 |
EP2668460A1 (de) | 2013-12-04 |
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