WO2012102135A1 - 固体撮像装置、固体撮像装置の製造方法、および電子機器 - Google Patents
固体撮像装置、固体撮像装置の製造方法、および電子機器 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012102135A1 WO2012102135A1 PCT/JP2012/050837 JP2012050837W WO2012102135A1 WO 2012102135 A1 WO2012102135 A1 WO 2012102135A1 JP 2012050837 W JP2012050837 W JP 2012050837W WO 2012102135 A1 WO2012102135 A1 WO 2012102135A1
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- intermediate layer
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- microlens
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- chip lens
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Classifications
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- H01L27/00—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate
- H01L27/14—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation
- H01L27/144—Devices controlled by radiation
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- H01L27/14601—Structural or functional details thereof
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01L27/00—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate
- H01L27/14—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation
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- G02B3/0068—Stacked lens arrays, i.e. refractive surfaces arranged in at least two planes, without structurally separate optical elements in-between arranged in a single integral body or plate, e.g. laminates or hybrid structures with other optical elements
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Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to a solid-state imaging device, a manufacturing method of the solid-state imaging device, and an electronic apparatus, and more particularly, a compound-eye solid-state imaging device in which one microlens is arranged facing each of a plurality of on-chip lenses and a manufacturing method thereof. And an electronic apparatus using the solid-state imaging device.
- the solid-state imaging device includes a plurality of photoelectric conversion units arranged two-dimensionally on one main surface side of the substrate. An on-chip lens corresponding to each photoelectric conversion unit is disposed above each photoelectric conversion unit.
- a compound eye solid-state imaging device (so-called “Light Field Camera”) has been proposed in which one microlens is disposed so as to face each of a plurality of on-chip lenses disposed in 2 ⁇ 2 or 3 ⁇ 3, for example. .
- information on the traveling direction of light can be obtained as imaging data obtained from the photoelectric conversion unit in addition to the light intensity distribution.
- an image in an arbitrary field of view for example, an image in an arbitrary field of view (parallax image) or an image at an arbitrary focus (refocus image) can be generated.
- it can be applied to a three-dimensional display using a display method called an integral method.
- the microlens is provided via a space on the substrate on which the on-chip lens is provided so that the on-chip lens is disposed on the focal plane of each microlens (for example, see Patent Documents 1 and 2 below).
- This space is configured, for example, by providing a light-blocking block having a plurality of openings corresponding to microlenses between a substrate (imaging unit) provided with on-chip lenses and a microlens array in which microlenses are arranged. Has been.
- the microlens array and the imaging unit are arranged via a space. For this reason, for example, in a use environment of high temperature or high temperature and high humidity, a difference in thermal expansion coefficient between the microlens array and the imaging unit causes an optical axis shift or the like, which causes image quality deterioration such as shading and uneven image quality. .
- the present disclosure is capable of suppressing deterioration in image quality due to an optical axis shift between the microlens array and the imaging unit, thereby enabling a compound eye solid that can capture images with high image quality regardless of the use environment.
- An object is to provide an imaging device. Moreover, this indication aims at providing the manufacturing method of such a solid-state imaging device, and the electronic device using this solid-state imaging device.
- a solid-state imaging device includes a two-dimensionally arranged photoelectric conversion unit and an on-chip two-dimensionally arranged above each photoelectric conversion unit corresponding to each photoelectric conversion unit.
- a transparent material layer sandwiched between the on-chip lens and the microlens is provided.
- the transparent material layer is sandwiched between the on-chip lens and the microlens, so that the photoelectric conversion unit and the microlens are integrated without any space. This makes it difficult for the optical axis shift due to the difference in thermal expansion coefficient to occur between the on-chip lens and the microlens even in a high temperature and high humidity environment.
- the present disclosure is also a method for manufacturing such a solid-state imaging device, in which a transparent material layer sandwiched between an on-chip lens and a microlens is placed on a substrate on which a photoelectric conversion unit and an on-chip lens are formed, or on a micro Forming on the substrate on which the lens is formed.
- the present disclosure is also an electronic device using such a solid-state imaging device, and an optical system that guides incident light to the microlens of the solid-state imaging device and a signal processing that processes an output signal from the photoelectric conversion unit of the solid-state imaging device Circuit.
- the optical axis shift due to the difference in thermal expansion coefficient between the on-chip lens and the upper microlens is less likely to occur. It is possible to improve the image pickup image quality in the apparatus.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic configuration of a MOS type solid-state imaging device as an example of a solid-state imaging device manufactured by applying the manufacturing method of each embodiment of the present disclosure.
- the solid-state imaging device 1 shown in this figure has a pixel region in which a plurality of pixels 3 including a photoelectric conversion unit are regularly arranged two-dimensionally on one surface of a substrate 2.
- Each pixel 3 is provided with a photoelectric conversion unit, a charge storage unit, and a pixel circuit including a plurality of transistors (so-called MOS transistors) and a capacitor element.
- MOS transistors transistors
- a plurality of pixels share a part of the pixel circuit.
- Peripheral circuits such as the vertical drive circuit 4, the column signal processing circuit 5, the horizontal drive circuit 6, and the system control circuit 7 are provided in the peripheral portion of the pixel region as described above.
- the vertical drive circuit 4 is configured by, for example, a shift register, selects the pixel drive line 8, supplies a pulse for driving the pixel to the selected pixel drive line 8, and sets the pixels 3 arranged in the pixel region to the row. Drive in units. In other words, the vertical drive circuit 4 selectively scans each pixel 3 arranged in the pixel region in the vertical direction sequentially in units of rows. Then, the pixel signal based on the signal charge generated according to the amount of light received in each pixel 3 is supplied to the column signal processing circuit 5 through the vertical signal line 9 wired perpendicularly to the pixel drive line 8.
- the column signal processing circuit 5 is disposed for each column of the pixels 3, for example, and performs signal processing such as noise removal on the signal output from the pixels 3 for one row for each pixel column. That is, the column signal processing circuit 5 performs signals such as correlated double sampling (CDS) for removing fixed pattern noise unique to pixels, signal amplification, analog / digital conversion (AD), and the like. Process.
- CDS correlated double sampling
- AD analog / digital conversion
- the horizontal drive circuit 6 is configured by, for example, a shift register, and sequentially outputs horizontal scanning pulses, thereby selecting each of the column signal processing circuits 5 in order and outputting a pixel signal from each of the column signal processing circuits 5.
- the system control circuit 7 receives an input clock and data for instructing an operation mode, and outputs data such as internal information of the solid-state imaging device 1. That is, in the system control circuit 7, a clock signal and a control signal that become a reference for operations of the vertical drive circuit 4, the column signal processing circuit 5, the horizontal drive circuit 6 and the like based on the vertical synchronization signal, the horizontal synchronization signal, and the master clock. Is generated. These signals are input to the vertical drive circuit 4, the column signal processing circuit 5, the horizontal drive circuit 6, and the like.
- peripheral circuits 4 to 7 as described above and the pixel circuit provided in each pixel 3 constitute a drive circuit for driving each pixel. Note that the peripheral circuits 4 to 7 may be arranged at positions where they are stacked in the pixel region.
- the compound eye solid-state imaging device 1 is configured by providing one microlens 10 for each of the plurality of pixels 3 above the pixels 3.
- one microlens 10 is provided for every nine pixels 3 arranged in 3 ⁇ 3 is illustrated.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a main part of the solid-state imaging device 1a of the first embodiment.
- the solid-state imaging device shown in this figure is a so-called compound eye solid-state imaging device (Light Field Camera), and is configured as follows.
- one main surface side of a substrate 2 made of single crystal silicon is used as a light receiving surface, and photoelectric conversion units 21 made of impurity regions are two-dimensionally arranged on the surface layer on the light receiving surface side. Is formed.
- This photoelectric conversion unit 21 is provided for each pixel 3.
- a color filter layer 25 is provided via a protective insulating film 23.
- the color filter layer 25 is composed of color filters that are patterned for each pixel 3.
- each member disposed in each pixel 3 may be provided only on one main surface side that is the light receiving surface side in the substrate 2 as illustrated, or may be provided from one main surface side to another main surface side. Further, it is assumed that other impurity regions such as element isolation and floating diffusion (not shown here) are arranged on the substrate 2 as necessary.
- a gate insulating film, a gate electrode, or the like not shown here may be disposed on the substrate 2 provided with the impurity region including the photoelectric conversion portion 21.
- the protective insulating film 23 is disposed so as to cover the gate insulating film and the gate electrode.
- the pixel circuit including the gate insulating film and the gate electrode may be disposed on the surface of the substrate 2 opposite to the light receiving surface.
- Each layer characteristic to the present disclosure is provided on such a color filter layer 25. That is, on the color filter layer 25, (A) on-chip lens 27a, (B) first intermediate layer 29, (C) second intermediate layer 31, and (D) micro lens 10a are provided in this order. .
- A) on-chip lens 27a, (B) first intermediate layer 29, (C) second intermediate layer 31, and (D) micro lens 10a are provided in this order.
- B) first intermediate layer 29, (C) second intermediate layer 31, and (D) micro lens 10a are provided in this order.
- a detailed configuration will be described in order from the substrate 2 side.
- the on-chip lens 27a is disposed corresponding to each pixel 3 and each photoelectric conversion unit 21, and here, for example, is a convex lens that is convex in the light incident direction.
- Such an on-chip lens 27a is made of a material that is transparent to light having a wavelength that is photoelectrically converted by the photoelectric conversion unit 21 (hereinafter referred to as a transparent material), and is made of a material having a refractive index n0. I will do it.
- a plurality of on-chip lenses may be stacked on each photoelectric conversion unit 21, but the on-chip lens 27a here is the uppermost on-chip lens.
- the material constituting the on-chip lens 27a a material having a large refractive index difference from the first intermediate layer 29 is preferably used as will be described in the next first intermediate layer 29.
- the on-chip lens 27a is a convex lens, a material having a large refractive index is used among the transparent materials.
- the first intermediate layer 29 is a layer provided as a transparent material layer, and is formed to have a flat surface by embedding the lens shape of the on-chip lens 27a.
- the first intermediate layer 29 is made of a material having a refractive index n1 that has a sufficiently large difference from the refractive index n0 of the on-chip lens 27a to the extent that the condensing characteristic of the on-chip lens 27a to the photoelectric conversion unit 21 can be maintained. It is important that
- the on-chip lens 27a is a convex lens
- the first intermediate layer 29 is formed using a material having a low refractive index among transparent materials, and the refractive index n0 of the on-chip lens 27a and the first intermediate layer are formed.
- the refractive index n1 of 29 is n1 ⁇ n0.
- the first intermediate layer 29 may be of a film thickness that allows the lens shape of the on-chip lens 27a to be embedded and formed to be flat on the surface, and it is necessary to consider the focal length of the microlens 10a described below. Absent.
- Table 1 below shows the refractive index difference a (
- FIG. 3 is a graph showing the relationship between the refractive index difference a and the focal length difference c.
- the refractive index n1 of the first intermediate layer 29 is It is the graph obtained by changing.
- the focal length of each on-chip lens 27a increases as the difference in refractive index from the first intermediate layer 29 arranged adjacent to the incident direction of light decreases.
- the focal length of the on-chip lens 27a is increased, it is necessary to increase the distance between the on-chip lens 27a and the photoelectric conversion unit 21, and therefore, it is assumed that the oblique light incident sensitivity is deteriorated.
- the on-chip lens 27a is required to have a focal length as small as that when the first intermediate layer 29 is replaced with the atmosphere, so that the refractive index difference
- a material constituting one intermediate layer 29 is selected. More preferably, the focal length of the on-chip lens 27 a is smaller than the size of the pixel 3.
- the second intermediate layer 31 is a layer provided as a transparent material layer and has a flat surface. It is important that the second intermediate layer 31 has a film thickness t2 that can maintain the condensing characteristic of the microlens 10a to the on-chip lens 27a. For this reason, the film thickness t2 of the second intermediate layer 31 and the film thickness t1 of the first intermediate layer 29 satisfy t2> t1.
- the film thickness t2 of the second intermediate layer 31 in this case is set to a value obtained by subtracting the film thickness t1 of the first intermediate layer 29 from the focal distance of 6.3 ⁇ m of the microlens 10a.
- the film thickness t2 of the second intermediate layer 31 is set to be larger than the value obtained by subtracting the film thickness t1 of the first intermediate layer 29 from the focal length 6.3 ⁇ m of the microlens 10a assumed to be a hemisphere. Will be.
- the refractive index n2 of the material constituting the second intermediate layer 31 is
- the microlenses 10a are arranged for each of the plurality of on-chip lenses 27a.
- one microlens 10a is arranged for each of the 9-pixel on-chip lenses 27a arranged two-dimensionally in 3 ⁇ 3.
- a material considering workability is selected and used as a material constituting the large microlens 10a as compared with the on-chip lens 27a.
- the microlens 10a is made of a material having a higher refractive index n3, the film thickness t2 of the second intermediate layer 31 is made thinner.
- FIG. 4 and 5 are cross-sectional process diagrams illustrating a manufacturing procedure of the solid-state imaging device according to the first embodiment.
- a method for manufacturing the solid-state imaging device according to the first embodiment shown in FIG. 2 will be described below with reference to these drawings.
- photoelectric conversion portions 21 made of impurity regions are formed in each pixel 3 on one main surface side of the substrate 2 made of single crystal silicon by ion implantation from above the mask and subsequent heat treatment. To do. If necessary, another impurity region is formed inside the substrate 2, and a gate insulating film and a gate electrode are formed on the substrate 2. Thereafter, a protective insulating film 23 is formed on the substrate 2. At this time, the protective insulating film 23 is formed with a film thickness adjusted so that the focal point of the on-chip lens is positioned in the photoelectric conversion unit 21 in consideration of the focal length of the on-chip lens to be formed later. Thereafter, a color filter of each color is formed in a pattern on each pixel 3 on the protective insulating film 23. Thereby, the color filter layer 25 is formed on the protective insulating film 23.
- an on-chip lens 27 a is formed on the color filter layer 25.
- a silicon nitride film is first formed on the color filter layer 25, and an independent island-like resist pattern is formed corresponding to each pixel portion on the upper side.
- a melt flow method is applied and heat treatment is performed to cause the resist pattern to flow, and it is shaped into a convex lens shape by surface tension.
- the silicon nitride film is etched together with the resist pattern from above the resist pattern having a convex lens shape, and the curved shape of the resist pattern is transferred to the silicon nitride film.
- a convex on-chip lens 27 a made of silicon nitride is formed on each photoelectric conversion unit 21.
- the first intermediate layer 29 is formed in a state where the lens shape of the on-chip lens 27a is embedded.
- a transparent material having a sufficient refractive index difference with respect to silicon nitride constituting the on-chip lens 27a is used.
- a solution in which a fluorine-containing polysiloxane resin is dissolved in propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate (PEGMEA) as a solvent is spin-coated on the on-chip lens 27a.
- PEGMEA propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate
- the saturated dissolution amount of the fluorine-containing polysiloxane resin with respect to PEGMEA is small, and the solution has an extremely low viscosity.
- the solution has an extremely low viscosity, so that the on-chip lens 27a has a good embedding property and a good image quality with few image quality defects due to voids. Can be provided.
- the solvent in the solution applied on the on-chip lens 27a is dried and removed by performing a heat treatment at 120 ° C. for 1 minute, for example, and subsequently the fluorine-containing polysiloxane resin is obtained by performing a heat treatment at 230 ° C. for 5 minutes. Let it harden sufficiently.
- the first intermediate layer 29 made of a fluorine-containing polysiloxane resin in which the lens shape of the on-chip lens 27a is embedded and shaped flat is formed.
- the first intermediate layer 29 has a thickness t1 of 1 ⁇ m or less from the top of the on-chip lens 27a.
- the second intermediate layer 31 is formed on the first intermediate layer 29.
- the second intermediate layer 31 is formed using a transparent material that can be formed with a certain amount of thick film.
- a solution in which an acrylic resin is dissolved in PEGMEA as a solvent is spin-coated on the first intermediate layer 29.
- the saturated dissolution amount of the acrylic resin in PEGMEA is larger than that of the fluorine-containing polysiloxane resin, and the solution has a high viscosity. Therefore, the coating thickness of the solution by spin coating can be increased.
- the solution is applied to a coating film thickness of about 6.0 ⁇ m.
- the formation of the second intermediate layer 31 is not limited to the application of the spin coating method, and other application methods such as printing and the bonding of the resin sheet described in the second embodiment are applied. You may do it.
- a resist pattern 35 is formed on the second intermediate layer 31 by applying a lithography method.
- This resist pattern 35 is formed corresponding to the formation position of the micro lens described above, and is formed in an independent island shape corresponding to, for example, each of the nine on-chip lenses 27a arranged two-dimensionally in 3 ⁇ 3. Is done.
- an uncured resist material is applied and formed on the second intermediate layer 31 with a film thickness of about 1.5 ⁇ m by spin coating. .
- the solvent in the coated resist film is removed by drying by performing a heat treatment at 120 ° C. for 1 minute.
- a resist pattern 35 is formed on the second intermediate layer 31 by performing a development process using an aqueous solution of 2.38 wt% tetramethylammonium hydride (TMAH) on the resist film subjected to pattern exposure.
- TMAH tetramethylammonium hydride
- a post-exposure bake process for melt flow and curing is performed.
- the resist pattern 35 is caused to flow and is shaped into a convex curved surface shape by surface tension, and the shaped resist pattern 35 is cured.
- the microlens 10a formed by shaping the resist pattern 35 into a lens shape is formed.
- the solid-state imaging device 1a of the first embodiment described with reference to FIG. 2 is obtained.
- the microlens 10a is formed of an inorganic material such as silicon nitride, the microlens forming method described in the second embodiment can be applied.
- the first intermediate layer 29 and the second intermediate layer 27a are arranged between the on-chip lens 27a and the microlens 10a disposed in the upper portion corresponding to each of the plurality of on-chip lenses 27a.
- a transparent material layer composed of the intermediate layer 31 was sandwiched. Accordingly, the photoelectric conversion unit 21 to the microlens 10a under the on-chip lens 27a are integrated without interposing a space portion. For this reason, even under a high-temperature and high-humidity environment, an optical axis shift due to a difference in thermal expansion coefficient hardly occurs between the on-chip lens 27a and the microlens 10a.
- the solid-state imaging device 1a has an integrated structure without interposing a space portion, it is possible to provide excellent image quality with excellent sensitivity characteristics and reduced flare ghosts.
- the transparent material layer sandwiched between the on-chip lens 27a and the microlens 10a is divided into the first intermediate layer 29 on the on-chip lens 27a side and the second intermediate on the microlens 10a side.
- a laminated structure with the layer 31 was formed.
- the second intermediate layer 31 is formed using a material that can be thickened in accordance with the focal length of the micro lens 10a having a large diameter, while the refractive index considering only the light condensing performance of the on-chip lens 27a.
- the first intermediate layer 29 can be formed using a material having the same.
- the distance between the on-chip lens 27a and the photoelectric conversion unit 21 is reduced while securing the focal length of the micro lens 10a having a large diameter, so It becomes possible to prevent a decrease in sensitivity due to the intrusion of obliquely incident light.
- FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of a main part of the solid-state imaging device 1b according to the second embodiment.
- the compound eye solid-state imaging device shown in this figure is different from the solid-state imaging device of the first embodiment in that the microlens 10b is configured in a concave shape, and other configurations are the same.
- the compound-eye solid-state imaging device 1b includes (A) the on-chip lens 27a, (B) the first intermediate layer 29, and (C) the second through the protective insulating film 23 and the color filter layer 25 on the photoelectric conversion unit 21.
- the intermediate layer 31 and the (D) microlens 10b are provided in this order.
- (A) the on-chip lens 27a, (B) the first intermediate layer 29, and (C) the second intermediate layer 31 have the same configuration as in the first embodiment.
- D) The configuration of the microlens 10b is as follows.
- the microlens 10b is a concave lens that is concave in the light incident direction, and is convex toward the second intermediate layer 31 side.
- Such a microlens 10b is made of a transparent material having a refractive index n3 having a sufficiently large difference from the refractive index n2 of the second intermediate layer 31.
- a material having a refractive index n3 larger than the refractive index n2 of the second intermediate layer 31 is used. For this reason, the refractive index n2 of the second intermediate layer 31 and the refractive index n3 of the microlens 10b are n2 ⁇ n3.
- microlenses 10b are arranged for each of the plurality of on-chip lenses 27a, as in the first embodiment.
- each of the 9-pixel on-chip lenses 27a arranged two-dimensionally in 3 ⁇ 3.
- the refractive index n2 of the material constituting the second intermediate layer 31 may be
- the refractive index n1 ⁇ refractive index n2 is the same as in the first embodiment.
- the film thickness t2 of the second intermediate layer 31 and the film thickness t1 of the first intermediate layer 29 satisfy t2> t1.
- the transparent substrate 41 used in the manufacturing process demonstrated below may be provided in the upper part of the micro lens 10b.
- FIG. 7 and 8 are cross-sectional process diagrams illustrating a manufacturing procedure of the solid-state imaging device according to the second embodiment. A method for manufacturing the solid-state imaging device according to the second embodiment shown in FIG. 6 will be described below with reference to these drawings.
- a lens material film 43 for forming microlenses is formed on a transparent substrate 41 made of glass or plastic material.
- the lens material film 43 made of silicon nitride is formed by, for example, a plasma CVD (Chemical Vapor Deposition) method.
- SiH 4 silane
- NH 3 ammonia
- N 2 nitrogen
- a resist pattern 45 is formed on the lens material film 43 by applying a lithography method.
- This resist pattern 45 is formed corresponding to the formation position of the microlens described above, and is formed in an independent island shape corresponding to, for example, each of the nine on-chip lenses 27a arranged two-dimensionally in 3 ⁇ 3. Is done.
- the method for forming such a resist pattern 45 is the same as the method for forming a resist pattern described in the first embodiment, and is performed as follows.
- the resist material for example, a novolak resin-based resist material is used, and first, an uncured resist material is applied and formed on the lens material film 43 with a film thickness of about 0.5 ⁇ m by spin coating. Next, the solvent in the coated resist film is removed by drying by performing a heat treatment at 120 ° C. for 1 minute. Next, pattern exposure using an i-line exposure apparatus is performed on the resist film. Thereafter, a resist pattern 45 is formed on the lens material film 43 by performing a development process using an aqueous solution of 2.38 wt% tetramethylammonium hydride (TMAH) on the resist film subjected to pattern exposure.
- TMAH tetramethylammonium hydride
- the melt flow method is applied to shape the resist pattern 45 into a lens shape.
- the resist pattern 45 is caused to flow, and is shaped into a convex curved surface shape by surface tension, and the shaped resist pattern 45 is cured. Thereby, the resist pattern 45 is shaped into a lens shape.
- the lens material film 43 made of silicon nitride is etched together with the resist pattern 45 from above the resist pattern 45 shaped into a lens shape.
- dry etching with a bias power of 150 W and a source power of 1000 W is performed using a mixed gas of carbon tetrafluoride (CF 4 ) / oxygen (O 2 ) as an etching gas.
- CF 4 carbon tetrafluoride
- O 2 oxygen
- the second intermediate layer 31 is formed on the transparent substrate 41 on which the microlenses 10b are formed.
- the second intermediate layer 31 is formed with a film thickness t2 in consideration of the focal length of the microlens 10b together with the first intermediate layer to be formed next.
- the second intermediate layer 31 is bonded to the upper part of the microlens 10b, for example, by vacuum lamination using a resin sheet.
- heat treatment is performed at 130 ° C. for 5 minutes in a nitrogen (N 2 ) atmosphere.
- N 2 nitrogen
- middle layer 31 is not limited to bonding of a resin sheet, For example, spin coating of the resin material demonstrated in 1st Embodiment, Furthermore, application methods, such as printing, may be applied. .
- the photoelectric conversion unit 21, the protective insulating film 23, the color filter layer 25, the on-chip lens 27a, and the first intermediate layer 29 are formed on one main surface side of the substrate 2 made of, for example, single crystal silicon. Is formed. These forming methods are performed in the same manner as the procedure described with reference to FIGS. 4A to 4C in the first embodiment.
- the substrate 2 on which the first intermediate layer 29 is formed and the transparent substrate 41 on which the second intermediate layer 31 is formed are arranged with the first intermediate layer 29 and the second intermediate layer 31 facing each other. To do. At this time, alignment is performed so that one microlens 10b is opposed to each of the nine on-chip lenses 27a arranged in 3 ⁇ 3 pixels.
- the substrate 2 and the transparent substrate 41 are bonded between the first intermediate layer 29 and the second intermediate layer 31.
- thermal bonding is performed under a heating condition of 110 ° C.
- heat treatment is performed at 130 ° C. for 5 minutes in a nitrogen (N 2 ) atmosphere.
- the first intermediate layer 29 and the second intermediate layer are provided between the on-chip lens 27a and the microlens 10b disposed on the upper portion corresponding to each of the plurality of on-chip lenses 27a.
- a transparent material layer composed of 31 was sandwiched.
- the photoelectric conversion unit 21 to the microlens 10b below the on-chip lens 27a are integrated without interposing a space portion.
- an optical axis shift due to a difference in thermal expansion coefficient hardly occurs between the on-chip lens 27a and the microlens 10b.
- the solid-state imaging device 1b has an integrated structure without a space portion, it is possible to provide excellent image quality with excellent sensitivity characteristics and reduced flare ghosts.
- the transparent material layer sandwiched between the on-chip lens 27a and the microlens 10b includes the first intermediate layer 29 on the on-chip lens 27a side and the second intermediate layer on the microlens 10b side. 31 and a laminated structure.
- the second intermediate layer 31 is formed using a material that can be thickened in accordance with the focal length of the microlens 10b having a large diameter, while the refractive index n1 considering only the light collecting performance of the on-chip lens 27a. It is possible to constitute the first intermediate layer 29 using these materials.
- the distance between the on-chip lens 27a and the photoelectric conversion unit 21 is reduced while securing the focal length of the micro lens 10b having a large diameter, so It becomes possible to prevent a decrease in sensitivity due to the intrusion of obliquely incident light.
- FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of a main part of a solid-state imaging device 1c according to the third embodiment.
- the compound eye type solid-state imaging device shown in this figure is different from other solid-state imaging devices in that the on-chip lens 27b is formed in a concave shape.
- the configuration other than the on-chip lens 27b is the same as that of the second embodiment.
- the compound-eye solid-state imaging device 1c includes (A) an on-chip lens 27b, (B) a first intermediate layer 29, and (C) a second through a protective insulating film 23 and a color filter layer 25 on the photoelectric conversion unit 21.
- the intermediate layer 31 and the (D) microlens 10b are provided in this order.
- middle layer 31, and (D) micro lens 10b are the structures similar to 2nd Embodiment.
- the configuration of the on-chip lens 27b is as follows.
- the on-chip lens 27b is a concave lens that is concave in the light incident direction, and is convex toward the color filter layer 25 side.
- Such an on-chip lens 27b is made of a transparent material having a refractive index n0 having a sufficiently large difference from the refractive index n1 of the first intermediate layer 29.
- the refractive index n0 of the on-chip lens 27b and the refractive index n1 of the first intermediate layer 29 are n0 ⁇ n1.
- the first intermediate layer 29 is preferably made of a material having a refractive index close to that of the second intermediate layer 31, and the refractive index n1 of the first intermediate layer 29 and the refractive index n2 of the second intermediate layer 31 are n1 ⁇ n2.
- the on-chip lens 27b has a refractive index n0 ⁇ 1.5 and
- the film thickness t2 of the second intermediate layer 31 and the film thickness t1 of the first intermediate layer 29 satisfy t2> t1.
- FIG. 10 and 11 are cross-sectional process diagrams illustrating the manufacturing procedure of the solid-state imaging device according to the third embodiment. A method for manufacturing the solid-state imaging device according to the third embodiment shown in FIG. 9 will be described below with reference to these drawings.
- a microlens 10b is formed on a transparent substrate 41 made of glass or plastic material.
- the formation of the microlens 10b is performed in the same manner as the procedure described with reference to FIGS. 7A to 7C in the second embodiment.
- the second intermediate layer 31 is formed on the transparent substrate 41 on which the microlenses 10b are formed.
- the second intermediate layer 31 is formed with a film thickness t2 in consideration of the focal length of the microlens 10b together with the first intermediate layer to be formed next.
- the formation of the second intermediate layer 31 is performed by the spin coating method described with reference to FIG. 4D in the first embodiment or the coating method such as the printing method, and in the second embodiment by D in FIG. This is performed by laminating the resin sheets described with reference to FIG.
- a first intermediate layer 29 having a convex lens shape on the surface is formed on the second intermediate layer 31.
- the resist pattern is formed in a convex lens shape, and the first intermediate layer 29 in which each convex lens shape is continuous at the bottom is formed.
- 3 ⁇ 3 convex lens shapes are formed for each microlens 10b.
- each convex lens is formed by embedding the convex lens shape formed on the surface of the second intermediate layer 31 on the second intermediate layer 31 and forming a lens material film on the surface flat.
- An on-chip lens 27b having a concave lens shape following the shape is formed.
- FIG. 11A As shown in FIG. 11A, for example, a photoelectric conversion portion 21, a protective insulating film 23, and a color filter layer 25 are formed on one main surface side of the substrate 2 made of single crystal silicon. These forming methods are performed in the same manner as the procedure described with reference to FIG. 4A in the first embodiment.
- the substrate 2 on which the color filter layer 25 is formed and the transparent substrate 41 on which the on-chip lens 27b is formed are arranged with the color filter layer 25 and the on-chip lens 27b facing each other. At this time, alignment is performed so that each on-chip lens 27b and each photoelectric conversion unit 21 are arranged to face each other.
- the substrate 2 and the transparent substrate 41 are bonded together between the color filter layer 25 and the on-chip lens 27b.
- thermal bonding is performed under heating conditions.
- heat treatment is performed in a nitrogen (N 2 ) atmosphere as necessary to ensure adhesion between the on-chip lens 27 b and the color filter layer 25.
- the first intermediate layer 29 and the first intermediate layer 29b are arranged between the on-chip lens 27b and the microlenses 10b disposed in correspondence with each of the plurality of on-chip lenses 27b.
- a transparent material layer composed of two intermediate layers 31 was sandwiched.
- the photoelectric conversion unit 21 to the micro lens 10b below the on-chip lens 27b are integrated without interposing a space portion.
- an optical axis shift due to a difference in thermal expansion coefficient hardly occurs between the on-chip lens 27b and the microlens 10b.
- the solid-state imaging device 1c has an integrated structure without interposing a space portion, it is possible to provide excellent image quality with excellent sensitivity characteristics and reduced flare ghosts.
- the transparent material layer sandwiched between the on-chip lens 27b and the microlens 10b includes the first intermediate layer 29 on the on-chip lens 27b side and the second intermediate layer on the microlens 10b side. 31 and a laminated structure.
- the second intermediate layer 31 is formed using a material that can be thickened in accordance with the focal length of the microlens 10b having a large diameter, while the refractive index n1 considering only the light condensing performance of the on-chip lens 27b. It is possible to form the first intermediate layer 29 using a material having
- the distance between the on-chip lens 27b and the photoelectric conversion unit 21 is reduced while securing the focal length of the micro lens 10b having a large diameter, so It becomes possible to prevent a decrease in sensitivity due to the intrusion of obliquely incident light.
- the solid-state imaging device includes, for example, a camera system such as a digital camera and a video camera, a small portable terminal and a computer with an imaging function, and a robot vision having an imaging function. It can be applied to electronic equipment.
- FIG. 12 is a configuration diagram of a camera using a solid-state imaging device as an example of an electronic apparatus according to the present disclosure.
- the camera according to the present embodiment is an example of a video camera capable of capturing still images or moving images.
- the camera 91 according to this embodiment includes a solid-state imaging device 1, an optical system 93 that guides incident light to a light receiving sensor unit of the solid-state imaging device 1, a shutter device 94, and a drive circuit 95 that drives the solid-state imaging device 1. And a signal processing circuit 96 that processes an output signal of the solid-state imaging device 1.
- the solid-state imaging device (1a to 1c) described in the above-described embodiments is applied to the solid-state imaging device 1.
- the optical system (optical lens) 93 forms image light (incident light) from the subject on the imaging surface of the solid-state imaging device 1. Thereby, signal charges are accumulated in the solid-state imaging device 1 for a certain period.
- the optical system 93 may be an optical lens system including a plurality of optical lenses.
- the shutter device 94 controls the light irradiation period and the light shielding period to the solid-state imaging device 1.
- the drive circuit 95 supplies a drive signal for controlling the transfer operation of the solid-state imaging device 1 and the shutter operation of the shutter device 94.
- Signal transfer of the solid-state imaging device 1 is performed by a drive signal (timing signal) supplied from the drive circuit 95.
- the signal processing circuit 96 performs various signal processing.
- the video signal subjected to the signal processing is stored in a storage medium such as a memory or output to a monitor.
- the compound eye solid-state image pickup device 1 is provided by using the compound eye solid-state image pickup device 1 in which the image pickup image quality is improved regardless of the use environment. It becomes possible to improve the reliability of electronic equipment.
- this technique can also take the following structures.
- On-chip lenses that are two-dimensionally arranged above the photoelectric conversion units corresponding to the photoelectric conversion units, A microlens disposed opposite to each other among the on-chip lenses;
- a solid-state imaging device comprising: a transparent material layer sandwiched between the on-chip lens and the microlens.
- the transparent material layer is A first intermediate layer having a surface flattened over the on-chip lens;
- the refractive index n0 of the on-chip lens, the refractive index n1 of the first intermediate layer, and the refractive index n2 of the second intermediate layer are
- the film thickness of the second intermediate layer is thicker than the film thickness of the first intermediate layer. (2) or (3).
- a method for manufacturing a solid-state imaging device comprising: forming a transparent material layer on the substrate on which the photoelectric conversion unit and the on-chip lens are formed, or on the substrate on which the microlens is formed.
- the step of forming the transparent material layer includes Forming a first intermediate layer whose surface is flattened in a state of covering the on-chip lens; and forming a second intermediate layer disposed between the first intermediate layer and the microlens.
Abstract
Description
1.本開示の固体撮像装置の概略構成例
2.第1実施形態(凸型のオンチップレンズ+凸型のマイクロレンズを用いた例)
3.第2実施形態(凸型のオンチップレンズ+凹型のマイクロレンズを用いた例)
4.第3実施形態(凹型のオンチップレンズ+凹型のマイクロレンズを用いた例)
5.第4実施形態(電子機器の実施形態)
尚、各実施形態および変形例において共通の構成要素には同一の符号を付し、重複する説明は省略する。
図1に、本開示の各実施形態の製造方法を適用して作製される固体撮像装置の一例として、MOS型の固体撮像装置の概略構成を示す。
[第1実施形態の固体撮像装置の構成]
図2は、第1実施形態の固体撮像装置1aの要部断面図である。この図に示す固体撮像装置は、いわゆる複眼系の固体撮像装置(Light Field Camera)であって、以下のように構成されている。
図4および図5は、第1実施形態の固体撮像装置の製造手順を示す断面工程図である。以下、これらの図に従って、図2に示した第1実施形態の固体撮像装置の製造方法を説明する。
先ず図4のAに示すように、例えば単結晶シリコンからなる基板2の一主面側の各画素3に、マスク上からのイオン注入とその後の熱処理によって不純物領域からなる光電変換部21を形成する。また必要に応じて基板2の内部に他の不純物領域を形成し、さらに基板2上にゲート絶縁膜およびゲート電極を形成する。その後、基板2上に保護絶縁膜23を成膜する。この際、保護絶縁膜23は、以降に形成するオンチップレンズの焦点距離を考慮し、オンチップレンズの焦点が光電変換部21内に位置するように調整された膜厚で形成される。その後、保護絶縁膜23上部における各画素3に、各色のカラーフィルタをパターン形成する。これにより、保護絶縁膜23上にカラーフィルタ層25を形成する。
次に図4のBに示すように、カラーフィルタ層25上に、オンチップレンズ27aを形成する。ここでは、先に説明したように、窒化シリコン(屈折率n0=1.9)からなるオンチップレンズ27aを形成する。この際、先ずカラーフィルタ層25上に窒化シリコン膜を成膜し、この上部の各画素部分に対応させて独立した島状のレジストパターンを形成する。次に、メルト・フロー法を適用し、熱処理を行うことによりレジストパターンを流動させ、表面張力によって凸型のレンズ形状に整形する。その後、凸型のレンズ形状を有するレジストパターンの上部から、レジストパターンと共に窒化シリコン膜をエッチングし、レジストパターンの曲面形状を窒化シリコン膜に転写する。これにより、窒化シリコンからなる凸型のオンチップレンズ27aを、各光電変換部21上に形成する。
次いで図4のCに示すように、オンチップレンズ27aのレンズ形状を埋め込む状態で、第1中間層29を成膜する。ここでは、オンチップレンズ27aを構成する窒化シリコンに対して、十分な屈折率差を有する透明材料を用いる。このような材料として、ここではフッ素含有ポリシロキサン樹脂(屈折率n1=1.42)を用い、スピンコート法を適用して第1中間層29を成膜する。この際、先ず溶媒としてプロプレングリコールモノメチルエーテルアセテ-ト(PEGMEA)にフッ素含有ポリシロキサン樹脂を溶解させた溶液を、オンチップレンズ27a上にスピンコートする。この際、PEGMEAに対するフッ素含有ポリシロキサン樹脂の飽和溶解量は小さく、溶液は極めて低粘度である。このため、オンチップレンズ27a上へのスピンコートによる溶液の塗布膜厚には限界がある。しかしながら、ここではオンチップレンズ27aのレンズ形状が埋め込まれて表面平坦に溶液が塗布されれば良く、塗布膜厚の厚膜化が要求されることはなく、例えばオンチップレンズ27aの頂部から1μm程度の塗布膜厚で溶液を塗布する。尚、このような飽和溶解量が小さい溶液用いたスピンコート法においては、溶液が極めて低粘度であるため、オンチップレンズ27aの埋め込み性が良好となり、ボイド起因による画質欠陥が少ない良好な画質を提供することができる。
次に、図4のDに示すように、第1中間層29上に第2中間層31を成膜する。ここでは、ある程度の厚膜で成膜可能な透明材料を用いて第2中間層31を成膜する。このような材料として、ここではアクリル樹脂(屈折率n2=1.50)を用い、スピンコート法を適用して第2中間層31を成膜する。この際、先ず溶媒としてPEGMEAにアクリル樹脂を溶解させた溶液を、第1中間層29上にスピンコートする。この際、PEGMEAに対するアクリル樹脂の飽和溶解量は、フッ素含有ポリシロキサン樹脂よりも大きく、溶液は高粘度である。したがって、スピンコートによる溶液の塗布膜厚は、厚膜化が可能である。ここでは、第2中間層31の必要膜厚に応じて、例えば塗布膜厚6.0μm程度に溶液を塗布する。
次に図5のAに示すように、リソグラフィー法を適用して第2中間層31上にレジストパターン35を形成する。このレジストパターン35は、先に説明したマイクロレンズの形成位置に対応して形成され、例えば3×3で二次元配列された9個のオンチップレンズ27a毎に対応して独立した島状に形成される。レジスト材料としては、ノボラック樹脂系レジスト材料(屈折率n3=1.6)を用い、先ずスピンコート法によって、第2中間層31上に未硬化のレジスト材料を膜厚1.5μm程度で塗布成膜する。次いで120℃、1分の熱処理を行うことで塗布成膜したレジスト膜中の溶媒を乾燥除去する。次に、レジスト膜に対してi線露光装置を用いたパターン露光を行う。その後、パターン露光されたレジスト膜に対して、2.38wt%のテトラメチルアンモニウムハイドライド(TMAH)の水溶液を用いた現像処理を行うことにより、第2中間層31上にレジストパターン35を形成する。
次に、図5のBに示すように、メルト・フローおよび硬化のためのポストエクスポージャベイク処理を行う。ここでは、例えば200℃、5分の熱処理を行うことにより、レジストパターン35を流動させ、表面張力によって凸状の曲面形状に整形すると共に、整形されたレジストパターン35を硬化させる。これによって、レジストパターン35をレンズ形状に整形してなるマイクロレンズ10aを形成する。
以上説明した第1実施形態によれば、オンチップレンズ27aと、この上部において複数のオンチップレンズ27a毎に対応して配置されたマイクロレンズ10aとの間に、第1中間層29および第2中間層31からなる透明材料層を挟持させた。これにより、オンチップレンズ27a下の光電変換部21からマイクロレンズ10aまでが、空間部を介することなく一体化された構成となる。このため、高温高湿の使用環境下においても、オンチップレンズ27aとマイクロレンズ10aとの間に、熱膨張係数差による光軸ずれが発生し難くなる。この結果、使用環境によらずに、複眼系の固体撮像装置においての撮像画質の向上を図ることが可能になる。またこの固体撮像装置1aは、空間部を介することなく一体化された構造であるため、感度特性に優れ、かつフレアゴーストが低減された良好な画質を提供することが可能である。
[第2実施形態の固体撮像装置の構成]
図6は、第2実施形態の固体撮像装置1bの要部断面図である。この図に示す複眼系の固体撮像装置が第1実施形態の固体撮像装置と異なるところは、マイクロレンズ10bが凹型で構成されているところにあり、他の構成は同様であることとする。
図7および図8は、第2実施形態の固体撮像装置の製造手順を示す断面工程図である。以下、これらの図に従って、図6に示した第2実施形態の固体撮像装置の製造方法を説明する。
先ず図7のAに示すように、ガラスやプラスチック材料からなる透明基板41上に、マイクロレンズを形成するためのレンズ材料膜43を成膜する。ここでは、例えばプラズマCVD(Chemical Vapor Deposition)法によって、窒化シリコンからなるレンズ材料膜43を成膜する。この際、一例として、成膜ガスとしてシラン(SiH4)、アンモニア(NH3)、窒素(N2)の混合ガス種を用い、雰囲気温度400℃、RF電力800Wの条件で窒化シリコンからなるレンズ材料膜43を成膜する。
次いで図7のBに示すように、メルト・フロー法を適用し、レジストパターン45をレンズ形状に整形する。この際、例えば200℃、5分の熱処理を行うことにより、レジストパターン45を流動させ、表面張力によって凸状の曲面形状に整形すると共に、整形されたレジストパターン45を硬化させる。これによって、レジストパターン45をレンズ形状に整形する。
次に図7のCに示すように、レンズ形状に整形されたレジストパターン45の上部から、レジストパターン45と共に窒化シリコンからなるレンズ材料膜43をエッチングする。この際、エッチングガスとして四フッ化炭素(CF4)/酸素(O2)の混合ガスを用い、バイアス電力150W、ソース電力1000Wに設定したドライエッチングを行う。これにより、レジストパターン45の曲面形状をレンズ材料膜43に転写し、レンズ材料膜43からなるマイクロレンズ10bを形成する。
次いで図7のDに示すように、マイクロレンズ10bが形成された透明基板41上に、第2中間層31を形成する。この第2中間層31は、次に形成する第1中間層と合わせてマイクロレンズ10bの焦点距離を考慮した膜厚t2で形成されることとする。ここでは、例えば樹脂シートを用いた真空ラミネートにより、マイクロレンズ10bの上部に第2中間層31を貼り合わせる。この際、貼り合わせ後には、窒素(N2)雰囲気中において、130℃、5分の熱処理を行う。これにより、アクリル樹脂(屈折率n2=1.5)からなる第2中間層31の貼り合わせ面におけるボイドの除去と、表面平坦化を行う。
また図8のAに示すように、例えば単結晶シリコンからなる基板2の一主面側に光電変換部21、保護絶縁膜23、カラーフィルタ層25、オンチップレンズ27a、および第1中間層29を形成しておく。これらの形成方法は、第1実施形態において図4のA~図4のCを用いて説明した手順と同様に行う。
次いで図8のBに示すように、基板2と透明基板41とを、第1中間層29-第2中間層31間で貼り合わせる。この際、110℃の加熱条件下での熱接着を行う。その後、窒素(N2)雰囲気中において、130℃、5分の熱処理を行う。これによりアクリル樹脂シートからなる第2中間層31を硬化させると共に、例えばフッ素含有ポリシロキサン樹脂(屈折率n1=1.42)からなる第1中間層29との接着を確実にする。
以上説明した第2実施形態では、オンチップレンズ27aと、この上部において複数のオンチップレンズ27a毎に対応して配置されたマイクロレンズ10bとの間に、第1中間層29および第2中間層31からなる透明材料層を挟持させた。これにより第1実施形態と同様に、オンチップレンズ27a下の光電変換部21からマイクロレンズ10bまでが、空間部を介することなく一体化された構成となる。このため、第1実施形態と同様に、高温高湿の使用環境下においても、オンチップレンズ27aとマイクロレンズ10bとの間に、熱膨張係数差による光軸ずれが発生し難くなる。この結果、使用環境によらずに、複眼系の固体撮像装置においての撮像画質の向上を図ることが可能になる。またこの固体撮像装置1bは、空間部を介することなく一体化された構造であるため、感度特性に優れ、かつフレアゴーストが低減された良好な画質を提供することが可能である。
[第3実施形態の固体撮像装置の構成]
図9は、第3実施形態の固体撮像装置1cの要部断面図である。この図に示す複眼系の固体撮像装置が他の固体撮像装置と異なるところは、オンチップレンズ27bが凹型で構成されているところにある。ここでは、オンチップレンズ27b以外の他の構成は、第2実施形態と同様であることとする。
図10および図11は、第3実施形態の固体撮像装置の製造手順を示す断面工程図である。以下、これらの図に従って、図9に示した第3実施形態の固体撮像装置の製造方法を説明する。
先ず図10のAに示すように、ガラスやプラスチック材料からなる透明基板41上に、マイクロレンズ10bを形成する。マイクロレンズ10bの形成は、一例として第2実施形態において図7のA~図7のCを用いて説明した手順と同様に行う。
先ず図10のBに示すように、マイクロレンズ10bが形成された透明基板41上に、第2中間層31を形成する。この第2中間層31は、次に形成する第1中間層と合わせてマイクロレンズ10bの焦点距離を考慮した膜厚t2で形成されることとする。このような第2中間層31の形成は、第1実施形態において図4のDを用いて説明したスピンコート法、または印刷法のような塗布法、さらには第2実施形態において図7のDを用いて説明した樹脂シートの貼り合わせによって行う。
先ず図10のCに示すように、第2中間層31上に、表面に凸レンズ形状を有する第1中間層29を形成する。ここでは例えば、例えばメルト・フロー法を適用することにより、レジストパターンを凸レンズ形状に形成し、各凸レンズ形状を底部で連続させた第1中間層29を形成する。この際、各マイクロレンズ10bに対して3×3個分の凸レンズ形状を形成する。
その後、図10のDに示すように、第2中間層31上に、当該第2中間層31の表面に形成した凸レンズ形状を埋め込むと共に表面平坦にレンズ材料膜を成膜することにより、各凸レンズ形状に倣った凹レンズ形状を有するオンチップレンズ27bを形成する。
また図11のAに示すように、例えば単結晶シリコンからなる基板2の一主面側に光電変換部21、保護絶縁膜23、およびカラーフィルタ層25を形成しておく。これらの形成方法は、第1実施形態において図4のAを用いて説明した手順と同様に行う。
その後、図11のBに示すように、基板2と透明基板41とを、カラーフィルタ層25-オンチップレンズ27b間で貼り合わせる。この際、加熱条件下での熱接着を行う。その後、必要に応じて窒素(N2)雰囲気中において熱処理を行い、オンチップレンズ27bとカラーフィルタ層25との接着を確実にする。
以上説明した第3実施形態であっても、オンチップレンズ27bと、この上部において複数のオンチップレンズ27b毎に対応して配置されたマイクロレンズ10bとの間に、第1中間層29および第2中間層31からなる透明材料層を挟持させた。これにより他の実施形態と同様に、オンチップレンズ27b下の光電変換部21からマイクロレンズ10bまでが、空間部を介することなく一体化された構成となる。このため、他の実施形態と同様に、高温高湿の使用環境下においても、オンチップレンズ27bとマイクロレンズ10bとの間に、熱膨張係数差による光軸ずれが発生し難くなる。この結果、使用環境によらずに、複眼系の固体撮像装置においての撮像画質の向上を図ることが可能になる。またこの固体撮像装置1cは、空間部を介することなく一体化された構造であるため、感度特性に優れ、かつフレアゴーストが低減された良好な画質を提供することが可能である。
上述の各実施形態で説明した本開示に係る固体撮像装置は、例えばデジタルカメラやビデオカメラ等のカメラシステムや、撮像機能付の小型携帯端末やコンピュータ、さらには撮像機能を備えたロボットビジョンなどの電子機器に適用することができる。
(1)
二次元配列された光電変換部と、
前記各光電変換部に対応して当該光電変換部の上方に二次元配列されたオンチップレンズと、
前記オンチップレンズのうちの複数毎に対向配置されたマイクロレンズと、
前記オンチップレンズと前記マイクロレンズとの間に挟持された透明材料層とを備えた
固体撮像装置。
前記透明材料層は、
前記オンチップレンズを覆って表面平坦化された第1中間層と、
前記第1中間層と前記マイクロレンズとの間に配置された第2中間層とを備えた
(1)に記載の固体撮像装置。
前記オンチップレンズの屈折率n0、前記第1中間層の屈折率n1、前記第2中間層の屈折率n2とした場合、|n0-n1|>|n0-n2|である
(2)に記載の固体撮像装置。
前記第2中間層の膜厚は、前記第1中間層の膜厚よりも厚い
(2)または(3)に記載の固体撮像装置。
前記オンチップレンズの焦点距離は、前記光電変換部が配置された各画素のサイズよりも小さい
(1)~(4)の何れかに記載の固体撮像装置。
二次元配列された光電変換部の上部に当該各光電変換部に対応して配置されたオンチップレンズと、当該オンチップレンズのうちの複数毎に対向配置されるマイクロレンズとの間に挟持される透明材料層を、前記光電変換部および前記オンチップレンズが形成された基板上、または前記マイクロレンズが形成された基板上に形成する工程を含む
固体撮像装置の製造方法。
前記透明材料層を形成する工程は、
前記オンチップレンズを覆った状態で表面平坦化された第1中間層を形成する工程と、 前記第1中間層と前記マイクロレンズとの間に配置される第2中間層を形成する工程とを含む
(6)に記載の固体撮像装置の製造方法。
前記オンチップレンズの屈折率n0、前記第1中間層の屈折率n1、前記第2中間層の屈折率n2とした場合、|n0-n1|>|n0-n2|である
(7)に記載の固体撮像装置の製造方法。
前記光電変換部とこの上部の前記オンチップレンズが形成された基板上に、前記第1中間層および前記第2中間層をこの順に形成する工程と、
前記第2中間層の上部に前記マイクロレンズを形成する工程とを含む
(7)または(8)に記載の固体撮像装置の製造方法。
前記オンチップレンズが形成された基板上に、前記第1中間層を形成する工程と、
前記マイクロレンズが形成された基板上に、前記第2中間層を形成する工程と、
前記第1中間層と前記第2中間層とを対向させて前記2つの基板を張り合わせる工程とを含む
(7)または(8)に記載の固体撮像装置の製造方法。
前記マイクロレンズが形成された基板上に、当該マイクロレンズを覆って表面平坦化された前記第2中間層を形成する工程と、
前記第2中間層上に前記オンチップレンズを反転させたレンズ形状を表面に有する前記第1中間層を形成する工程と、
前記第1中間層上に、当該第1中間層のレンズ形状を埋め込んで表面平坦化された前記オンチップレンズを形成する工程と、
前記光電変換部が形成された基板と、前記オンチップレンズが形成された基板とを、当該光電変換部と当該オンチップレンズとを対向させて張り合わせる工程とを含む
(7)または(8)に記載の固体撮像装置の製造方法。
二次元配列された光電変換部と、
前記各光電変換部に対応して当該光電変換部の上方に二次元配列されたオンチップレンズと、
前記オンチップレンズのうちの複数毎に対向配置されたマイクロレンズと、
前記オンチップレンズと前記マイクロレンズとの間に挟持された透明材料層と、
前記マイクロレンズに入射光を導く光学系と、
前記光電変換部からの出力信号を処理する信号処理回路とを備えた
電子機器。
Claims (12)
- 二次元配列された光電変換部と、
前記各光電変換部に対応して当該光電変換部の上方に二次元配列されたオンチップレンズと、
前記オンチップレンズのうちの複数毎に対向配置されたマイクロレンズと、
前記オンチップレンズと前記マイクロレンズとの間に挟持された透明材料層とを備えた
固体撮像装置。 - 前記透明材料層は、
前記オンチップレンズを覆って表面平坦化された第1中間層と、
前記第1中間層と前記マイクロレンズとの間に配置された第2中間層とを備えた
請求項1記載の固体撮像装置。 - 前記オンチップレンズの屈折率n0、前記第1中間層の屈折率n1、前記第2中間層の屈折率n2とした場合、|n0-n1|>|n0-n2|である
請求項2記載の固体撮像装置。 - 前記第2中間層の膜厚は、前記第1中間層の膜厚よりも厚い
請求項2記載の固体撮像装置。 - 前記オンチップレンズの焦点距離は、前記光電変換部が配置された各画素のサイズよりも小さい
請求項1記載の固体撮像装置。 - 二次元配列された光電変換部の上方に当該各光電変換部に対応して配置されたオンチップレンズと、当該オンチップレンズのうちの複数毎に対向配置されるマイクロレンズとの間に挟持される透明材料層を、前記光電変換部および前記オンチップレンズが形成された基板上、または前記マイクロレンズが形成された基板上に形成する工程を含む
固体撮像装置の製造方法。 - 前記透明材料層を形成する工程は、
前記オンチップレンズを覆った状態で表面平坦化された第1中間層を形成する工程と、 前記第1中間層と前記マイクロレンズとの間に配置される第2中間層を形成する工程とを含む
請求項6記載の固体撮像装置の製造方法。 - 前記オンチップレンズの屈折率n0、前記第1中間層の屈折率n1、前記第2中間層の屈折率n2とした場合、|n0-n1|>|n0-n2|である
請求項7記載の固体撮像装置の製造方法。 - 前記光電変換部とこの上部の前記オンチップレンズが形成された基板上に、前記第1中間層および前記第2中間層をこの順に形成する工程と、
前記第2中間層の上部に前記マイクロレンズを形成する工程とを含む
請求項7記載の固体撮像装置の製造方法。 - 前記オンチップレンズが形成された基板上に、前記第1中間層を形成する工程と、
前記マイクロレンズが形成された基板上に、前記第2中間層を形成する工程と、
前記第1中間層と前記第2中間層とを対向させて前記2つの基板を張り合わせる工程とを含む
請求項7記載の固体撮像装置の製造方法。 - 前記マイクロレンズが形成された基板上に、当該マイクロレンズを覆って表面平坦化された前記第2中間層を形成する工程と、
前記第2中間層上に前記オンチップレンズを反転させたレンズ形状を表面に有する前記第1中間層を形成する工程と、
前記第1中間層上に、当該第1中間層のレンズ形状を埋め込んで表面平坦化された前記オンチップレンズを形成する工程と、
前記光電変換部が形成された基板と、前記オンチップレンズが形成された基板とを、当該光電変換部と当該オンチップレンズとを対向させて張り合わせる工程とを含む
請求項7記載の固体撮像装置の製造方法。 - 二次元配列された光電変換部と、
前記各光電変換部に対応して当該光電変換部の上方に二次元配列されたオンチップレンズと、
前記オンチップレンズのうちの複数毎に対向配置されたマイクロレンズと、
前記オンチップレンズと前記マイクロレンズとの間に挟持された透明材料層と、
前記マイクロレンズに入射光を導く光学系と、
前記光電変換部からの出力信号を処理する信号処理回路とを備えた
電子機器。
Priority Applications (5)
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US13/635,262 US9110210B2 (en) | 2011-01-26 | 2012-01-17 | Solid-state imaging apparatus having a micro-lens arranged in correspondence with a plurality of on-chip lenses, method of manufacturing solid-state imaging apparatus, and electronic apparatus |
EP12739727.1A EP2669948A1 (en) | 2011-01-26 | 2012-01-17 | Solid-state image pickup device, method for manufacturing solid-state image pickup device, and electronic apparatus |
CN201280001152.2A CN102859692B (zh) | 2011-01-26 | 2012-01-17 | 固体摄像装置、固体摄像装置的制造方法和电子机器 |
KR1020127024314A KR101923740B1 (ko) | 2011-01-26 | 2012-01-17 | 고체 촬상 장치, 고체 촬상 장치의 제조 방법, 및 전자 기기 |
US14/808,101 US9813679B2 (en) | 2011-01-26 | 2015-07-24 | Solid-state imaging apparatus with on-chip lens and micro-lens |
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JP2011-014111 | 2011-01-26 | ||
JP2011014111A JP5741012B2 (ja) | 2011-01-26 | 2011-01-26 | 固体撮像装置の製造方法 |
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US13/635,262 A-371-Of-International US9110210B2 (en) | 2011-01-26 | 2012-01-17 | Solid-state imaging apparatus having a micro-lens arranged in correspondence with a plurality of on-chip lenses, method of manufacturing solid-state imaging apparatus, and electronic apparatus |
US14/808,101 Continuation US9813679B2 (en) | 2011-01-26 | 2015-07-24 | Solid-state imaging apparatus with on-chip lens and micro-lens |
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WO2012102135A1 true WO2012102135A1 (ja) | 2012-08-02 |
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PCT/JP2012/050837 WO2012102135A1 (ja) | 2011-01-26 | 2012-01-17 | 固体撮像装置、固体撮像装置の製造方法、および電子機器 |
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US (2) | US9110210B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP2669948A1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP5741012B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR101923740B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN102859692B (ja) |
TW (1) | TW201236146A (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2012102135A1 (ja) |
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TWI636557B (zh) * | 2013-03-15 | 2018-09-21 | 新力股份有限公司 | Solid-state imaging device, manufacturing method thereof, and electronic device |
TWI612649B (zh) * | 2013-03-18 | 2018-01-21 | Sony Corp | 半導體裝置及電子機器 |
JP2014187160A (ja) * | 2013-03-22 | 2014-10-02 | Toshiba Corp | 固体撮像装置および携帯情報端末 |
JP6480919B2 (ja) * | 2013-05-21 | 2019-03-13 | クラレト,ホルヘ ヴィセンテ ブラスコ | プレノプティックセンサとその製造方法およびプレノプティックセンサを有する配置 |
CN103531596B (zh) * | 2013-09-22 | 2015-09-23 | 华中科技大学 | 一种基于单眼套叠的全色复眼成像探测芯片 |
DE102014112812B4 (de) * | 2014-09-05 | 2017-12-14 | Snaptrack, Inc. | Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Abdeckung für ein Bauelement und Bauelement mit mehreren Abdeckungen |
WO2016060292A1 (ko) * | 2014-10-15 | 2016-04-21 | 엠피닉스 주식회사 | 마이크로 어레이 렌즈의 제조방법 |
JP2016096163A (ja) * | 2014-11-12 | 2016-05-26 | ソニー株式会社 | 固体撮像装置および製造方法、並びに電子機器 |
KR101638022B1 (ko) * | 2015-09-21 | 2016-07-12 | 광주과학기술원 | 다수의 렌즈를 이용한 촬상장치 |
CN105182553B (zh) * | 2015-10-15 | 2018-01-09 | 上海天马微电子有限公司 | 一种显示装置 |
US10269847B2 (en) * | 2016-02-25 | 2019-04-23 | Semiconductor Components Industries, Llc | Methods of forming imaging pixel microlenses |
JP2017175004A (ja) * | 2016-03-24 | 2017-09-28 | ソニー株式会社 | チップサイズパッケージ、製造方法、電子機器、および内視鏡 |
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JP2019036788A (ja) * | 2017-08-10 | 2019-03-07 | ソニーセミコンダクタソリューションズ株式会社 | 固体撮像装置 |
JP2020031127A (ja) * | 2018-08-22 | 2020-02-27 | ソニーセミコンダクタソリューションズ株式会社 | 固体撮像装置、撮像装置、および電子機器 |
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US20220293655A1 (en) * | 2021-03-11 | 2022-09-15 | Visera Technologies Company Limited | Semiconductor device |
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-
2012
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- 2012-01-17 EP EP12739727.1A patent/EP2669948A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2012-01-17 CN CN201280001152.2A patent/CN102859692B/zh active Active
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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EP2669948A1 (en) | 2013-12-04 |
US20130037698A1 (en) | 2013-02-14 |
JP5741012B2 (ja) | 2015-07-01 |
CN102859692A (zh) | 2013-01-02 |
US9813679B2 (en) | 2017-11-07 |
JP2012156311A (ja) | 2012-08-16 |
US20150334358A1 (en) | 2015-11-19 |
TW201236146A (en) | 2012-09-01 |
KR101923740B1 (ko) | 2018-11-29 |
CN102859692B (zh) | 2016-06-08 |
KR20140001734A (ko) | 2014-01-07 |
US9110210B2 (en) | 2015-08-18 |
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