WO2012094942A1 - 一种生物质热解炉 - Google Patents

一种生物质热解炉 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012094942A1
WO2012094942A1 PCT/CN2011/084566 CN2011084566W WO2012094942A1 WO 2012094942 A1 WO2012094942 A1 WO 2012094942A1 CN 2011084566 W CN2011084566 W CN 2011084566W WO 2012094942 A1 WO2012094942 A1 WO 2012094942A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
furnace
liquid sealing
pipe
valve
cover
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Application number
PCT/CN2011/084566
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
肖国雄
Original Assignee
Xiao Guoxiong
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Xiao Guoxiong filed Critical Xiao Guoxiong
Priority to US13/979,434 priority Critical patent/US20130292240A1/en
Priority to EA201391038A priority patent/EA201391038A1/ru
Priority to EP11855415.3A priority patent/EP2664661A4/en
Priority to AU2011355430A priority patent/AU2011355430A1/en
Priority to CA2826176A priority patent/CA2826176A1/en
Publication of WO2012094942A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012094942A1/zh

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B49/00—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated
    • C10B49/02—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated with hot gases or vapours, e.g. hot gases obtained by partial combustion of the charge
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
    • C10B53/02—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of cellulose-containing material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10C—WORKING-UP PITCH, ASPHALT, BITUMEN, TAR; PYROLIGNEOUS ACID
    • C10C5/00—Production of pyroligneous acid distillation of wood, dry distillation of organic waste
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a biomass fuel pyrolysis apparatus, and in particular to a biomass pyrolysis furnace.
  • the direct heating pyrolysis furnace is a closed furnace body, such as an oxidation prevention pyrolysis furnace (Patent No.:
  • Biomass is a kind of renewable energy with high water content.
  • the first is to evaporate the water in the biomass. After the water turns into steam, it passes through the thick biomass to enter the flue. The resistance of the biomass layer, the water vapor is not easy to pass, and the temperature of the ignition rises continuously over time, reaching 600 °C or more, which generates a large amount of water vapor, wood vinegar gas, wood coke oil and wood gas. Etc., causing the pressure in the furnace to rise, and the wood gas is proportional to the temperature and pressure.
  • the pyrolysis temperature is different, the pressure is different, and the charcoal, wood vinegar, wood tar and wood gas are different.
  • the output of charcoal is 53 kg per 100 kg of dry wood at 300 °C
  • the wood gas is only 5.6 m3
  • the calorific value is 6594 KJ/M3
  • the total heat of wood gas is 36926 KJ
  • the output is 28.6 kg
  • the wood gas is 14.3 cubic meters
  • the calorific value is 15198 KJ/M3
  • the total calorific value of wood gas is 217331 KJ, which is 5.8 times that at 300 °C.
  • Wood tar is inversely proportional to temperature and pressure.
  • the recovery tower often used in the separation of wood tar and wood gas was vertically set.
  • the recycling tower described in an environmentally friendly pyrolysis furnace (Patent No.: CN200920062939.5) is a metal cylinder.
  • the metal cylinder is closed up and down, and many are welded in the middle.
  • the metal hollow tube, the upper end of the metal tube is welded with a cold water pipe, and the lower end of the metal tube is welded with a hot water pipe.
  • the flue gas from the large flue passes through the hollow tube of the recovery tower, the wood tar, the wood vinegar and the water are cooled, and the wood gas is discharged.
  • a wooden tar pool is placed at the bottom of the recovery tower.
  • the recovery tower In order to ensure the cooling effect, the recovery tower is often raised, about 20 ⁇ 50 meters. Because the distance between the bottom of the tower and the ground is short, once the pipeline of the recovery tower is blocked by wood tar, it is not convenient to use tools to dredge the pipeline.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a biomass pyrolysis furnace which is labor-saving, short in biomass pyrolysis time, high in efficiency, and high in pyrolysis recovery rate of wood tar.
  • the biomass pyrolysis furnace comprises a furnace shell, a furnace, a tobacco pipe, a recovery tower; the tobacco pipe device is on the furnace shell, and the furnace device is in the furnace shell,
  • the structure is characterized in that: the furnace is provided with a plurality of meshes around the furnace, the bottom surface of the furnace is provided with a plurality of mesh holes on the bottom plate or the bottom surface, and a steam exhaust gap is arranged between the furnace shell and the inner wall of the furnace shell, and one end of the tobacco pipe is connected to the furnace shell The other end is connected to the recovery tower.
  • one side of the furnace shell is provided with a steam exhausting pipe communicating with the furnace, and the upper side of the furnace shell is provided with a flue port and an air inlet pipe, and the exhaust pipe is disposed on a side corresponding to the air inlet pipe of the furnace shell.
  • the recovery tower has an angle ⁇ with the horizontal plane, 3° ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 60°, and the inclined arrangement facilitates cleaning of the recovery tower.
  • An induced draft fan is installed at the outlet of the recovery tower to ensure that the wood tar and wood vinegar are quickly separated from the charcoal.
  • the furnace shell is a closed box composed of a shell body and a water seal cover, and a water seal groove is arranged around the furnace mouth of the shell body, and the lower end of the water seal cover is placed in the water seal groove This ensures the sealing effect inside the furnace shell.
  • the top end of the furnace shell is provided with a cooling chamber for storing a cooling liquid.
  • the cooling chamber can be quickly filled with water or other cooling substances to ensure rapid cooling of the furnace shell, thereby avoiding direct
  • the furnace is cooled in water and affects the burning value of charcoal.
  • a liquid sealing valve is disposed on the intake pipe or the exhaust pipe, and the liquid sealing valve is configured to include a liquid sealing cover, and a liquid sealing groove is disposed on an outer wall of the inlet pipe or the exhaust pipe, the liquid sealing cover The lower end is placed in the liquid sealing tank. When air is not required, the liquid sealing valve is closed to ensure absolute sealing in the furnace chamber.
  • the top of the furnace shell is provided with at least one ignition tube communicating with the furnace, and the nozzle of the ignition tube is provided with a liquid sealing valve, and the liquid sealing valve is configured to include a liquid sealing cover, and a liquid sealing is arranged on the outer wall of the nozzle The groove, the lower end of the liquid cover is placed in the liquid sealing groove.
  • the pipe is provided with a liquid sealing valve
  • the structure of the liquid sealing valve preferably comprises an outer valve body, an outer valve cover and an inner valve.
  • an inner valve cover the upper part of the outer valve body has a liquid sealing groove, the lower end of the outer valve cover is placed in the liquid sealing groove, and the outer valve body forms an outer valve having a closed cavity, the outer valve
  • the valve is connected to the intake pipe; the outer portion of the inner valve body has a liquid sealing groove, the lower end of the inner valve cover is placed in the liquid sealing groove, and an inner valve having a closed cavity is formed with the inner valve body;
  • the inner valve in the closed chamber of the outer valve is in communication with the outlet conduit.
  • the outlet of the recovery tower is connected to the wood gas pipe, and the lower end of the recovery tower is connected to the oil collection tank through the oil pipe, and the upper portion of the recovery tower is connected to a water tank through a water pipe, and the lower portion of the recovery tower
  • the water pipe is connected to the water tank through another water pipe, and the other water pipe is provided with a circulating water pump, and the circulating water pump drives the water to circulate in the cooling tower, and the cooling effect is more obvious.
  • the furnace device Since the furnace device is located in the furnace shell, a plurality of mesh holes are arranged on the bottom surface and the periphery of the furnace, and a steam exhaust gap is arranged between the furnace shell and the inner wall of the furnace shell, one end of the tobacco tube is connected to the furnace shell, and the other end is connected to the recovery tower.
  • the pyrolysis process of biomass fuel is: open the furnace cover (water cover), place the biomass fuel (such as plant straw) in the furnace, fill it, cover the furnace cover, open the induced draft fan to ignite the wooden block, from the furnace cover
  • the ignition tube is placed, and the liquid sealing cover of the ignition tube is covered.
  • moisture emerges from the furnace surface of the furnace and the other five faces of the mesh, and the gap between the furnace and the furnace shell is rapidly removed.
  • Exhaust in the exhaust pipe when the temperature reaches 80 ⁇ 150 °C, the water in the biomass cells is evaporated after about 0.5 ⁇ 1.5 hours.
  • the pyrolysis speed increases, when the furnace temperature When the set temperature is reached, such as 300 °C, the biomass has been pyrolyzed into charcoal, wood tar and wood gas. Due to the smooth exhaust, the temperature in the pyrolysis zone is about 300 °C, and only a small amount of charcoal and wood tar is converted into wood gas.
  • the coke oil and wood gas pass through the flue and flow into the recovery tower (length 20 ⁇ 50 meters, ⁇ is 15 degree angle), the wood tar is condensed, flows out from the U-shaped oil pipe at the bottom of the recovery tower, flows into the oil collection tank, and the wood Gas collection, can be used for biomass drying Saving a lot of biomass.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a plan view of Figure 1;
  • Figure 3 is a schematic view showing the structure of an embodiment of the furnace of the present invention.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic structural view of the liquid sealing valve of the present invention.
  • Figure 7 is a schematic structural view of the water seal cover of the present invention.
  • Figure 8 is a plan view of Figure 7;
  • FIG. 9 is another embodiment of the liquid sealing valve of the present invention.
  • a biomass pyrolysis furnace as shown in Figs. 1 and 2, includes a furnace shell 23, a furnace 6, a steam exhaust pipe 3, an intake pipe 7, a smoke pipe 18, and a recovery tower 11.
  • the pipe 18 is disposed on the furnace shell 23, and the furnace 6 is disposed in the furnace shell 23.
  • the bottom and the bottom of the furnace 6 are provided with a plurality of mesh holes, and the furnace 6 is provided with an exhaust gap between the inner wall of the furnace shell 23.
  • the tobacco tube 18-end is connected to the furnace shell 23, and the other end is connected to the recovery tower 11.
  • the pyrolysis furnace shell 23 is a six-sided closed box body composed of a shell body and a water seal cover 5, and a U-shaped water seal groove 4 is arranged around the shell body mouth, and the tank is filled with water, as shown in Fig. 7
  • the water cover 5 is A cover that is turned down and surrounded by a U-shaped water seal groove 4 is provided, thereby ensuring a sealing effect in the furnace shell.
  • the furnace shell 23 is provided with a smoke pipe 18 and an air inlet pipe 7 at the upper end, the exhaust pipe 3 is disposed on a corresponding side of the furnace shell 23, the flue 18 is provided with a switch 19 and a temperature gauge 20, and the intake pipe 7 is provided with a switch 8
  • the exhaust pipe 3 is provided with a thermometer 1 and a switch 2.
  • the top of the furnace shell 23 is provided with four ignition tubes 34 communicating with the furnace, and the tube of the ignition tube 34 is provided with a liquid sealing valve, and the liquid sealing valve is configured to include a liquid sealing cover 32, the liquid sealing The cover 32 is a cover that is turned downwards, and a liquid sealing groove 33 is disposed on the outer wall of the nozzle. The lower end of the liquid cover 32 is placed in the liquid sealing groove 33. When ignition is required, the liquid cover 32 is opened. When the ignition is completed in the ignition pipe, the liquid cover 32 is buckled in the liquid sealing groove 33, thereby closing the liquid sealing valve to prevent the smoke from leaking.
  • the switches 2, 8, 19 preferably adopt a well-sealed liquid sealing valve
  • the liquid sealing valve is specifically configured to include an outer valve body 26, an outer valve cover 25, an inner valve body 28 and an inner portion.
  • the bonnet 27, the outer bonnet 25 and the inner bonnet 27 are both a cover that is flanged downwardly, and the upper portion of the outer valve body 26 has a liquid sealing groove, and the lower end of the outer valve cover 25 is placed
  • the liquid sealing groove 29 and the outer valve body 26 constitute an outer valve having a closed cavity, the outer valve is in communication with the intake pipe; the outer valve body 28 has a liquid sealing groove on the outside, the inner valve cover
  • the lower end of the 27 is placed in the liquid sealing tank, and forms an inner valve with the inner valve body 28 having a closed cavity; the inner valve placed in the closed cavity of the outer valve communicates with the air outlet duct.
  • the switches 2, 8 can also adopt the following structure.
  • a liquid sealing groove 33 is provided at the nozzle, and a liquid sealing cover 32 is provided at the nozzle.
  • the liquid sealing cover 32 is a cover that is turned downwards. The lower end of the liquid sealing cover is placed in the liquid sealing groove 33 to achieve sealing. If the liquid sealing valve needs to be opened, the liquid sealing cover 32 can be removed.
  • the top end of the furnace shell 23 is provided with a cooling chamber 31 for storing cooling water
  • the cooling chamber 31 is an upper open box composed of a furnace shell 23 and four steel plates welded to the top of the furnace shell 23. After the biomass is decomposed, water can be quickly filled in the cooling chamber 31 to ensure rapid cooling of the furnace shell 23. Compared with the natural air cooling rate, it also avoids directly cooling the furnace 6 in water, which affects the burning value of charcoal.
  • the recovery tower 11 has an angle ⁇ with the horizontal plane, 3° ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 60°, and the distance between the bottom of the tower and the ground leaves space. Once the pipeline of the recovery tower is blocked by wood tar, it is convenient to use tools to dredge the pipeline.
  • the furnace 6 is placed in the furnace shell 23, as shown in Fig. 3, the bottom and the periphery of the furnace 6 are made of a metal mesh 22, and the furnace 6 is open. Each side is welded with angle steel 21, and the metal mesh 22 is welded to angle steel 21. If the biomass particles are fine, the bottom surface of the furnace 6 is made of steel plate. Of course, the furnace 6 can also adopt the structure shown in Figs. 4 and 5.
  • the recovery tower 11 is a metal cylinder, and a valve cover is arranged at each end of the metal cylinder, and a metal plate is welded at a position of about 50 cm, and a hole is formed in the metal plate.
  • a plurality of metal hollow tubes are welded between the holes and the holes.
  • the upper end of the metal tube is welded with a water pipe 12, and the lower end of the metal tube is welded to the water pipe 15.
  • One end of the water pipe 12 is inserted into the water tank 13, and the water tank 13 and the water pipe 15 are connected by a water pump 14.
  • the upper end of the recovery tower 11 is connected to the induced draft fan 10, and the air outlet of the induced draft fan 10 is connected to the wooden gas pipe.
  • the U-shaped oil pipe is provided at the lower end of the recovery tower 11, and the oil collecting tank 17 is provided at the lower end of the U-shaped oil pipe 16.
  • Dozens of pyrolysis furnace tubes 18 can be connected in parallel to the recovery tower 11.
  • the pyrolysis process of the biomass fuel is: opening the water seal cover 5, placing the biomass fuel (such as plant straw) in the furnace 6, filling it, covering the water seal cover 5, igniting the wooden block, and placing it from the ignition tube 34. Inside the furnace 6. The liquid sealing cover 32 of the ignition pipe 34 is covered, the U-shaped water sealing groove 4 is filled with water, the switch 2 is opened, and moisture is generated from the furnace surface of the furnace and the other five faces of the mesh, and then the exhaust pipe 3 is discharged. discharge. Adjust the size of the switch 8, control the air intake, prevent flameout and excessive oxidation of air.
  • thermometer 1 As the temperature rises, when the temperature of the thermometer 1 When the degree reaches 80 ⁇ 150°C, after about 0.5 ⁇ 1.5 hours, the switch 2 is turned off, the switch 19 is turned on, the induced draft fan 10 is started, the water pump 14 is started, the size of the switch 8 is adjusted, the air intake is controlled, and the air is prevented from being excessively oxidized.
  • the wood char oil and wood gas flow from the flue 18 into the recovery tower 11, and the cold water flows into the recovery tower 11 through the water pipe 15, and flows out from the water pipe 12 of the recovery tower 11.
  • the wood tar is cooled, flows out of the U-shaped oil pipe 16, and flows into the oil collecting tank 17 for storage.
  • the reading of the thermometer 20 reaches about 300 ° C, the biomass has decomposed a large amount of biomass charcoal, wood tar, wood vinegar and a small amount of wood gas.
  • the pyrolysis of the pyrolysis furnace and the traditional pyrolysis furnace biomass fuel is as follows:

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
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Description

一种生物质热解炉
技术领域
本发明涉及生物质燃料热解设备， 具体涉指一种生物质热解炉。
背景技术
直接加热式热解炉是一个封闭的炉体， 如一种防止氧化热解炉 （专利号：
CN200920062938.0), 四周和上面都无孔隙， 底部开有缝隙， 用于排水蒸汽、 木醋液、 木焦油和木煤气等。 生物质是一种含水量高的可再生能源， 在热解开 始， 首先是蒸发生物质中的水分， 水变成蒸汽后， 通过厚厚的生物质， 才能进 入烟道排出， 由于受厚厚的生物质层的阻力， 水蒸汽不易通过， 随着时间的延 长， 点火处的温度不断上升， 到 600 °C以上， 这时产生大量的水蒸汽、 木醋液 气、木焦油气和木煤气等， 造成炉内压力升高， 而木煤气与温度和压力成正比， 由于排气不畅， 热解区点火处温度继续升高， 炉内压力也随着升高， 炉内热解 方向朝生产木煤气方向发展，大量木炭和木焦油转化成木煤气，木煤气热值低， 是一种不凝性气体， 只好被排空， 污染环境， 浪费能源， 尽管热解炉点火处温 度在 600°C以上， 而离点火处较远的生物质水分仍然没有蒸发， 为了排气， 经 常要打开炉盖， 用铁棒撬动生物质， 木焦油气和木煤气迅速在炉面燃烧， 给操 作工带来危险， 同时， 大量可燃气体被排走， 浪费了能源， 一般每隔 4小时要 撬动一次。 而热解温度不同， 压力不同， 产生的木炭、 木醋液、 木焦油和木煤 气是不同的。 在常压下， 每 100公斤全干木材在 300°C时木炭产量为 53公斤， 木煤气只有 5.6立方米，热值为 6594KJ/M3 ,木煤气总热量是 36926 KJ,在 600 °C 时木炭产量为 28.6公斤， 木煤气有 14.3立方米， 热值为 15198KJ/M3 , 木煤气 总热值是 217331 KJ, 是 300°C时的 5.8倍， 《木质废弃物再生循环利用技术》 化学工业出版社 P32。 木焦油与温度和压力成反比， 温度越高， 产油越少， 压 力越高， 产油越少。 在生产过程中， 一个长 1米， 宽 1米和高 1米的热解炉， 蒸发 1立方米体积的生物质水分到热解完成炭和油一般要 80多个小时。且水蒸 汽与木焦油气体一并从烟道排入冷凝， 木焦油中含有大量的水蒸汽。 生物质炭 和木焦油产量低。 经过几年的生产得出， 含水量为 25%的 1吨木本植物才能产 0.15吨炭和 2公斤木焦油， 大量的炭燃料变成木煤气和木醋液， 而木煤气是一 种低品位燃料， 一般对空排放， 木醋液的商品价值低， 利用不多。 这种生物质 燃料热解设备有如下不足： 1. 每隔几小时要撬动一次， 劳动强度大， 不安全； 2. 生物质热解时间长、生产效率低，生产成本高； 3. 生物质炭和木焦油产量少， 大量的炭燃料变成木煤气和木醋液， 原料浪费大。
过去在分离木焦油和木煤气时常采用的回收塔是垂直设置， 如一种环保型 热解炉 （专利号： CN200920062939.5 ) 中介绍的回收塔是一个金属筒， 金属筒 上下封闭， 中间焊接许多金属空心管， 金属筒的上头焊接冷水管， 金属筒的下 头焊接热水管。 大烟道出来的烟气从回收塔的空心管内穿过， 木焦油， 木醋液 和水被冷却， 木煤气则排出。 回收塔的底部设置一个木焦油池。 为了保证冷却 效果， 往往把回收塔加高， 约 20~50米， 由于塔底与地面的距离短， 一旦回收 塔的管道被木焦油堵塞， 不便于用工具疏通管道。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种操作省力、 生物质热解时间短、 效 率高， 木焦油热解回收率高的生物质热解炉。
本发明解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案， 该生物质热解炉包括炉壳、 炉 胆、 烟管、 回收塔； 所述烟管装置在炉壳上， 炉胆装置在炉壳内， 其结构特点 是， 所述炉胆的四周设有多网孔， 该炉胆的底面为板或底面设有多网孔， 炉胆 与炉壳内壁间设有排汽间隙， 烟管一端连接炉壳， 另一端连接回收塔。
进一步地， 所述炉壳一侧设有与炉胆连通的排汽管， 所述炉壳一面上端设 有烟道口和进气管， 排汽管设在炉壳与进气管相对应的一面。 所述回收塔与水平面呈 α角， 3°≤α≤60°， 倾斜布置便于清洗回收塔。
所述回收塔的出口处安装一台引风机， 可以保证木焦油、 木醋液迅速与木 炭分离。
在本发明中， 所述炉壳为由壳本体和水封盖组成的封闭箱体， 在壳本体的 炉口四周设有水封槽， 所述水封盖的下端置于该水封槽内， 由此可以保证炉壳 内的密封效果。
进一步地， 所述炉壳的顶端设有可储存冷却液体的冷却腔， 当生物质分解 完毕后，可以迅速地在冷却腔内充入水或者其它冷却物质，保证炉壳迅速冷却， 避免了直接将炉胆置于水中冷却， 影响木炭的燃烧值。
所述进气管上或排汽管上设有液封阀， 该液封阀的结构为， 包括液封盖， 在进气管或排汽管的管口外壁设置液封槽，所述液封盖的下端置于该液封槽内， 当不需要空气时， 关闭液封阀， 可以保证炉腔内绝对封闭。
所述炉壳顶部设有至少一个与炉胆连通的点火管， 该点火管的管口处设有 液封阀， 该液封阀的结构为， 包括液封盖， 在管口外壁设置液封槽， 所述液封 盖的下端置于该液封槽内。
为了更有效地控制烟管和排气管的中烟气的流通，所述烟管上设有液封阀， 所述液封阀的结构优选为， 包括外阀体、 外阀盖、 内阀体和内阀盖， 所述外阀 体的上部具有液封槽， 所述外阀盖的下端置于该液封槽内， 并与外阀体构成具 有封闭腔体的外阀，所述外阀与进气管道连通；所述内阀体的外部具有液封槽， 所述内阀盖的下端置于该液封槽内， 并与内阀体构成具有封闭腔体的内阀； 置 于外阀封闭腔体内的所述内阀与出气管道连通。 当需要关闭液封阀时， 保持外 阀盖的下端和内阀盖的下端分别置于相应的液封槽内即可， 此时外阀封闭腔体 与进气管道连通， 但与出气通道不连通； 当需要打开液封阀时， 保持外阀盖的 下端置于液封槽内， 将内阀盖取下即可， 使得外阀封闭腔体与出气管道直接连 通， 从而实现进出气路通畅。
作为本发明的进一步改进， 所述回收塔的出口与木煤气管连通， 该回收塔 的下端通过油管与集油池连通， 所述回收塔的上部通过水管与一水箱连通， 该 回收塔的下部通过另一水管与该水箱连通， 该另一水管上设有循环水泵， 通过 循环水泵驱动水在冷却塔内循环， 冷却效果更明显。
由于炉胆装置在炉壳内， 所述炉胆底面与四周设有多网孔， 炉胆与炉壳内 壁间设有排汽间隙， 烟管一端连接炉壳， 另一端连接回收塔。
生物质燃料的热解过程是： 打开炉盖（水封盖)， 将生物质燃料（如植物秸 秆） 放置在炉胆内， 充满， 盖上炉盖， 开启引风机点燃木块， 从炉盖点火管放 入， 盖上点火管的液封盖， 随着温度的升高， 水分从炉胆炉面和其它 5个面的 网孔冒出， 通过炉胆与炉壳的排汽间隙迅速从排汽管中排出； 当温度达到 80~150°C时， 持续约 0.5〜1.5小时后， 生物质细胞中的水分被蒸发完毕， 随着 温度的升高， 热解速度加快， 当炉体温度达到设定温度如 300°C时， 生物质已 热解成炭、 木焦油和木煤气， 由于排气通畅， 热解区温度约 300 °C， 木炭和木 焦油只有少量转化为木煤气， 木焦油气和木煤气通过烟道， 流入回收塔中 （长 20~50米， α为 15度角）， 木焦油被冷凝， 从回收塔底部的 U型油管流出， 流 入集油池中， 将木煤气收集， 可用于生物质的烘干， 节约了大量的生物质。 从 点火到 300°C大约 3~4小时， 比原来 80多小时提高速度 20多倍， 通过生产得 出， 一个边长 1.2米的正方形高 1.5米的炉壳， 内置一个正方形炉胆， 边长是 Imxlmxlm,含水量为 20%的 1吨木本植物能产 0.35吨炭和 0.08吨木焦油，且 热解时间约 4小时； 生物质热解时间短、 效率高， 木焦油热解回收率高； 少量 的炭燃料变成木煤气和木醋液， 原料浪费小， 同时， 整个热解过程中， 不需要 再打开炉盖撬动生物质， 操作省力、 安全。
以下结合附图对本发明作进一步说明： 附图说明
图 1为本发明一种实施例的结构示意图；
图 2是图 1的俯视图；
图 3是本发明所述炉胆一种实施例的结构示意
Figure imgf000007_0001
图 4
图 5
Figure imgf000007_0002
图 6是本发明所述液封阀的结构示意图；
图 7是本发明所述水封盖的结构示意图；
图 8是图 7的俯视图；
图 9是本发明所述液封阀另一种实施例
Figure imgf000007_0003
在图中：
1-温度表； 2,8,19-开关；
Figure imgf000007_0004
4-U型水封槽; 5-水封盖； 6-炉胆； 7-进气管； 9-木煤禾 ^飞 10-引风机； 11-回收塔； 12,15-水管 13-水箱； 14-水泵; 16-U型油管; 17-集油池； 18-烟管； 20-温度表； 21-角钢； 22-金属网； 23-炉壳；
24-排汽间隙； 25-外阀盖； 26-外阀体； 27-内阀盖； 28-内阀体; 29,30,33-液封槽； 31-冷却腔； 32-液封盖； 34-点火管。
具体实施方式
一种生物质热解炉， 如图 1和图 2所示， 包括炉壳 23、 炉胆 6、 排汽管 3、 进气管 7、 烟管 18、 回收塔 11。 所述烟管 18装置在炉壳 23上， 炉胆 6装置在 炉壳 23内， 所述炉胆 6底面与四周设有多网孔， 炉胆 6与炉壳 23内壁间设有 排汽间隙 24， 烟管 18—端连接炉壳 23， 另一端连接回收塔 11。
所述热解炉壳 23是一个由壳本体和水封盖 5组成的六面都封闭的箱体，壳 本体炉口四周设有 U型水封槽 4， 槽内充满水， 如图 7和 8所示， 水封盖 5是 一个四周向下翻边的盖子， 四周嵌入 U型水封槽 4内， 由此可以保证炉壳内的 密封效果。 炉壳 23—面上端设有烟管 18和进气管 7， 排汽管 3设在炉壳 23相 对应的一面， 烟道 18设有开关 19和温度表 20， 进气管 7上设有开关 8， 排汽 管 3上设有一个温度表 1和开关 2。所述炉壳 23顶部设有四个与炉胆连通的点 火管 34， 该点火管 34的管口处设有液封阀， 该液封阀的结构为， 包括液封盖 32， 该液封盖 32是一个四周向下翻边的盖子， 在管口外壁设置液封槽 33， 所 述液封盖 32的下端置于该液封槽 33内， 当需要点火时， 打开液封盖 32， 在点 火管内点火， 点火完毕， 则将液封盖 32扣置在液封槽 33内， 从而关闭液封阀， 防止烟气外漏。
如图 6所示， 所述开关 2,8,19优选采用封闭性好的液封阀， 该液封阀的结 构具体为， 包括外阀体 26、外阀盖 25、 内阀体 28和内阀盖 27， 所述外阀盖 25 和内阀盖 27均为是一个四周向下翻边的盖子， 所述外阀体 26的上部具有液封 槽，所述外阀盖 25的下端置于该液封槽 29内，并与外阀体 26构成具有封闭腔 体的外阀， 所述外阀与进气管道连通； 所述内阀体 28的外部具有液封槽， 所述 内阀盖 27的下端置于该液封槽内， 并与内阀体 28构成具有封闭腔体的内阀； 置于外阀封闭腔体内的所述内阀与出气管道连通。 当需要关闭液封阀时， 保持 外阀盖 25的下端和内阀盖 27的下端分别置于相应的液封槽内即可， 此时外阀 的封闭腔体与进气管道连通， 但与出气通道不连通； 当需要打开液封阀时， 保 持外阀盖 25的下端置于液封槽内， 将内阀盖 27取下即可， 使得外阀的封闭腔 体与出气管道直接连通， 从而实现进出气路通畅。
当然， 开关 2,8也可采用如下结构， 如图 9所示， 在管口设置液封槽 33， 在管口设置液封盖 32， 该液封盖 32是一个四周向下翻边的盖子， 液封盖的下 端置于液封槽 33内， 实现密封， 如需要打开液封阀， 取下液封盖 32即可。
进一步地， 所述炉壳 23的顶端设有可储存冷却水的冷却腔 31， 该冷却腔 31为由炉壳 23和焊接在炉壳 23顶端的的四根钢板组成的上方开口的盒体， 当 生物质分解完毕后，可以迅速地在冷却腔 31内充入水，保证炉壳 23迅速冷却， 相对于自然风冷速度快， 而且也避免了直接将炉胆 6置于水中冷却， 影响木炭 的燃烧值。
所述回收塔 11与水平面呈 α角， 3°≤α≤60°， 塔底与地面的距离留出空间， 一旦回收塔的管道被木焦油堵塞， 便于用工具疏通管道。
炉胆 6放置在炉壳 23内， 如图 3所示， 炉胆 6底面与四周均用金属网 22 制成， 炉胆 6口敞开。各条边用角钢 21焊接， 金属网 22焊接在角钢 21上。如 果， 生物质颗粒较细， 炉胆 6底面用钢板制作， 当然， 炉胆 6也可采用如图 4 和图 5所示的结构。
开关 19后连接一个回收塔 11， 回收塔 11是一个金属筒， 金属筒两端各设 有一个阀兰盖， 阀兰口约 50厘米处各焊接一块金属板， 金属板上开有许多孔， 孔与孔之间焊接许多金属空心管。 金属筒的上端焊接水管 12， 金属筒的下端焊 接水管 15，水管 12的一端插入水箱 13，水箱 13与水管 15之间用水泵 14相连。 回收塔 11上端与引风机 10相连， 引风机 10的风出口处连接木煤气管 9， 回收 塔 11下端设有一根 U型油管 16， U型油管 16的出口下端设有集油池 17。 当 木焦油堵塞回收塔 11时， 打开回收塔 11下端的阀兰盖， 用钢纤用力插入金属 空心管， 将木焦油排出。
可将几十个热解炉的烟管 18并联再连接到回收塔 11上。
生物质燃料的热解过程是： 打开水封盖 5， 把生物质燃料 （如植物秸秆） 放置在炉胆 6内， 充满，盖上水封盖 5， 点燃木块，从点火管 34放入炉胆 6内。 盖上点火管 34的液封盖 32， 将 U型水封槽 4注满水， 打开开关 2， 水分从炉 胆的炉面和其它 5个面的网孔冒出， 再从排汽管 3排出。 调节开关 8的大小， 控制空气进量， 防止熄火和空气过量氧化。 随着温度的升高， 当温度表 1的温 度达到 80~150°C时， 持续约 0.5〜1.5小时后， 关闭开关 2， 打开开关 19， 启动 引风机 10， 启动水泵 14， 调节开关 8的大小， 控制空气进量， 防止空气过量氧 化， 木焦油气和木煤气从烟道 18流入回收塔 11， 冷水通过水管 15流入回收塔 11， 从回收塔 11的水管 12流出。 木焦油被冷却， 从 U型油管 16流出， 流入 集油池 17中贮藏。 当温度表 20读数达到约 300°C时， 生物质已分解出大量的 生物质炭， 木焦油， 木醋液和少量的木煤气等。
本热解炉与传统热解炉生物质燃料热解对比如下表:
Figure imgf000010_0001
传统热解炉。
上述实施例阐明的内容应当理解为这些实施例仅用于更清楚地说明本发明， 而不用于限制本发明的范围，在阅读了本发明之后，本领域技术人员对本发明的 各种等价形式的修改均落于本申请所附权利要求所限定的范围。

Claims

权 利 要 求
1、 一种生物质热解炉， 包括炉壳、 炉胆、 烟管、 回收塔； 所述烟管装置在 炉壳上， 炉胆装置在炉壳内， 其特征在于， 所述炉胆的四周设有多网孔， 该炉 胆的底面为板或底面设有多网孔， 炉胆与炉壳内壁间设有排汽间隙， 烟管一端 连接炉壳， 另一端连接回收塔。
2、如权利要求 1所述生物质热解炉， 其特征在于， 所述炉壳一侧设有与炉 胆连通的排汽管， 所述炉壳一面上端设有烟道口和进气管， 排汽管设在炉壳与 进气管相对应的一面。
3、如权利要求 1所述生物质热解炉， 其特征在于， 所述回收塔与水平面呈 α角， 3。≤α≤60ο。
4、如权利要求 1所述生物质热解炉， 其特征在于， 所述回收塔的出口处安 装一台引风机。
5、如权利要求 1所述生物质热解炉， 其特征在于， 所述炉壳为由壳本体和 水封盖组成的封闭箱体， 在壳本体的炉口四周设有水封槽， 所述水封盖的下端 置于该水封槽内。
6、如权利要求 1或 5所述生物质热解炉， 其特征在于， 所述炉壳的顶端设 有可储存冷却液体的冷却腔。
7、如权利要求 1~5之一所述生物质热解炉， 其特征在于， 所述烟管上设有 液封阀， 该所述液封阀的结构为， 包括外阀体、 外阀盖、 内阀体和内阀盖， 所 述外阀体的上部具有液封槽， 所述外阀盖的下端置于该液封槽内， 并与外阀体 构成具有封闭腔体的外阀， 所述外阀与进气管道连通； 所述内阀体的外部具有 液封槽， 所述内阀盖的下端置于该液封槽内， 并与内阀体构成具有封闭腔体的 内阀； 置于外阀封闭腔体内的所述内阀与出气管道连通。。
8、如权利要求 2所述生物质热解炉， 其特征在于， 所述进气管上或排汽管 上设有液封阀， 该液封阀的结构为， 包括液封盖， 在进气管或排汽管的管口外 壁设置液封槽， 所述液封盖的下端置于该液封槽内。
9、如权利要求 1~5之一所述生物质热解炉， 其特征在于， 所述炉壳顶部设 有至少一个与炉胆连通的点火管， 该点火管的管口处设有液封阀， 该液封阀的 结构为， 包括液封盖， 在管口外壁设置液封槽， 所述液封盖的下端置于该液封 槽内。
10、 如权利要求 1~5之一所述生物质热解炉， 其特征在于， 所述回收塔的 出口与木煤气管连通， 该回收塔的下端通过油管与集油池连通， 所述回收塔的 上部通过水管与一水箱连通， 该回收塔的下部通过另一水管与该水箱连通， 该 另一水管上设有循环水泵。
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