CN202030706U - 一种生物质热解炉 - Google Patents

一种生物质热解炉 Download PDF

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CN202030706U
CN202030706U CN2011200088673U CN201120008867U CN202030706U CN 202030706 U CN202030706 U CN 202030706U CN 2011200088673 U CN2011200088673 U CN 2011200088673U CN 201120008867 U CN201120008867 U CN 201120008867U CN 202030706 U CN202030706 U CN 202030706U
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肖国雄
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10BDESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B49/00Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated
    • C10B49/02Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated with hot gases or vapours, e.g. hot gases obtained by partial combustion of the charge
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    • C10BDESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B53/00Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
    • C10B53/02Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of cellulose-containing material
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    • C10CWORKING-UP PITCH, ASPHALT, BITUMEN, TAR; PYROLIGNEOUS ACID
    • C10C5/00Production of pyroligneous acid distillation of wood, dry distillation of organic waste
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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Abstract

本实用新型所述的生物质热解炉,包括炉壳、炉胆、排汽管、烟管、回收塔、排汽管、进气管等,烟管设置在炉壳上,炉胆设置在炉壳内,所述的炉胆顶底面与四周设有多网孔,炉胆与炉壳内壁间设有排汽层,烟管一端连接炉壳,另一端连接回收塔。炉壳一面上端设有烟道口和进气管,排汽管设在炉壳相对应的一面。回收塔与水平面呈α角。本实用新型的生物质热解炉,生物质热解时间短、效率高,木焦油热解回收率高;原料浪费小,同时操作省力、安全。

Description

一种生物质热解炉
技术领域:
本实用新型涉及生物质燃料热解设备,具体涉指一种生物质热解炉。 
背景技术:
直接加热式热解炉是一个封闭的炉体,如一种防止氧化热解炉(专利号:200920062938.0),四周和上面都无孔隙,底部开有缝隙,用于排水蒸汽、木醋液、木焦油和木煤气等。生物质是一种含水量高的可再生能源,在热解开始,首先是蒸发生物质中的水份,水变成蒸汽后,通过厚厚的生物质,才能进入烟道排出,由于受厚厚的生物质层的阻力,水蒸汽不易通过,随着时间的延长,点火处的温度不断上升,到600℃以上,这时产生大量的水蒸汽、木醋液气、木焦油气和木煤气等,造成炉内压力升高,而木煤气与温度和压力成正比,由于排气不畅,热解区点火处温度继续升高,炉内压力也随着升高,炉内热解方向朝生产木煤气方向发展,大量木炭和木焦油转化成木煤气,木煤气热值低,是一种不凝性气体,只好被排空,污染环境,浪费能源,尽管热解炉点火处温度在600℃以上,而离点火处较远的生物质水份仍然没有蒸发,为了排气,经常要打开炉盖,用铁棒撬动生物质,木焦油气和木煤气迅速在炉面燃烧,给操作工带来危险,同时,大量可燃气体被排走,浪费了能源,一般每隔4小时要撬动一次。而热解温度不同,压力不同,产生的木炭、木醋液、木焦油和木煤气是不同的。在常压下,每100公斤全干木材在300℃时木炭产量为53公斤,木煤气只有5.6立方米,热值为6594KJ/M3,木煤气总热量是36926KJ,在600℃时木炭产量为28.6公斤,木煤气有14.3立方米,热值为15198KJ/M3,木煤气总热值是217331KJ,是300℃时的5.8倍,《木质废弃物再生循环利用技术》化学工业出版社P32。木焦油与温度和压力成反比,温度越高,产油越少,压力越高,产油越少。在生产过程中,一个长1 油一般要80多个小时。且水蒸汽与木焦油气体一并从烟道排入冷凝,木焦油中含有大量的水蒸汽。生物质炭和木焦油产量低。经过几年的生产得出,含水量为25%的1吨木本植物才能产0.15吨炭和2公斤木焦油,大量的炭燃料变成木煤气和木醋液,而木煤气是一种低品位燃料,一般对空排放,木醋液的商品价值低,利用不多。这种生物质燃料热解设备有如下不足:1.每隔几小时要撬动一次,劳动强度大,不安全;2.生物质热解时间长、生产效率低,生产成本高;3.生物质炭和木焦油产量少,大量的炭燃料变成木煤气和木醋液,原料浪费大。 
过去在分离木焦油和木煤气时常采用的回收塔是垂直设置,如一种环保型热解炉(专利号:200920062939.5)中介绍的回收塔是一个金属筒,金属筒上下封闭,中间焊接许多金属空心管,金属筒的上头焊接冷水管,金属筒的下头焊接热水管。大烟道出来的烟气从回收塔的空心管内穿过,木焦油,木醋液和水被冷却,木煤气则排出。回收塔的底部设置一个木焦油池。为了保证冷却效果,往往把回收塔加高,约20~50米,由于塔底与地面的距离短,一旦回收塔的管道被木焦油堵塞,不便于用工具疏通管道。 
本实用新型内容: 
本实用新型所要解决的技术问题是提供一种操作省力、生物质热解时间短、效率高,木焦油热解回收率高的生物质热解炉。 
本实用新型解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案,该生物质热解炉,包括炉壳、炉胆、排汽管、烟管、回收塔、进气管等组成,烟管设置在炉壳上,炉胆设置在炉壳内,所述的炉胆顶底面与四周设有多网孔,炉胆与炉壳内壁间设有排汽层,烟管一端连接炉壳,另一端连接回收塔。 
所述的炉壳一面上端设有烟道口和进气管,排汽管设在炉壳相对应的一面。 
所述的回收塔与水平面呈α角,3°≤α≤60°。 
由于炉胆装置在炉壳内,所述的炉胆底面与四周设有多网孔,炉胆与炉壳内壁间设有排汽层,烟管一端连接炉壳,另一端连接回收塔。生物质燃料的热解过程是:在炉胆内中央放置一个圆柱体,把生物质燃料(如植物秸杆)放置在炉胆内,压实,然后拔出圆柱体,留出一个圆柱体洞,把炉胆移入炉壳内,点燃木块,放入圆柱体洞内,盖上炉体盖,随着温度的升高,水份从炉胆炉面和其它5个面的网孔冒出,通过炉胆与炉壳的排汽层迅速从排汽管中排出;当温度达到80~150℃时,持续约0.5~1.5小时后,生物质细胞中的水份被蒸发完毕,随着温度的升高,热解速度加快,当炉体温度达到设定温度如300℃时,生物质已热解成炭、木焦油和木煤气,由于排气通畅,热解区温度约300℃,木炭和木焦油只有少量转化为木煤气,木焦油气和木煤气通过烟道,流入回收塔中(长20~50米,α为15度角),木焦油被冷凝,从回收塔底部的U型油管流出,流入集油池中,将木煤气收集,可用于生物质的烘干,节约了大量的生物质。从点火到300℃大约3~4小时,比原来80多小时提高速度20多倍,通过生产得出,一个边长1.2米的正方形高1.5米的炉壳,内置一个正方形炉胆,边长是1米×1米×1米,含水量为20%的1吨木本植物能产0.35吨炭和0.08吨木焦油,且热解时间约4小时;生物质热解时间短、效率高,木焦油热解回收率高;少量的炭燃料变成木煤气和木醋液,原料浪费小,同时,整个热解过程中,不需要再打开炉盖撬动生物质,操作省力、安全。 
下为结合附图对本实用新型作进一步说明: 
附图说明:
附图1:热解炉结构示意图; 
附图2:为图1的府视结构图; 
附图3:为炉胆的结构图; 
附图4:为炉胆的另一实施例; 
附图5:为炉胆的另一实施例; 
具体实施方式:
温度表1、开关2、排汽管3、U型水封槽4、水封盖5、炉胆6、进气管7、开关8、木煤气管9、引风机10、回收塔11、水管12、水箱13、水泵14、水管15、U型油管16、集油池17、烟管18、开关19、温度表20、角钢21、金属网22和炉壳23和排汽层24。 
该生物质热解炉,包括炉壳23、炉胆6、排汽管3、进气管7、烟管18、回收塔11,烟管18装置在炉壳23上,炉胆6装置在炉壳23内,所述的炉胆6顶、底面与四周设有多网孔,炉胆6与炉壳23内壁间设有排汽层24,烟管18一端连接炉壳23,另一端连接回收塔11。 
所述的热解炉壳23是一个六面都封闭的箱体,炉口四周设有U型水封槽4,槽内充满水,水封盖5是一个四周向下翻边的盖子,四周嵌入U型水封槽4内。炉壳23一面上端设有烟管18和进气管7,排汽管3设在炉壳23相对应的一面,烟道18设有开关19和温度表20,进气管7上设有开关8,排汽管3上设有一个温度表1和开关2。 
所述的回收塔11与水平面呈α角,3°≤α≤60°,塔底与地面的距离留出空间,一旦回收塔的管道被木焦油堵塞,便于用工具疏通管道。 
炉胆6放置在炉壳23内,炉胆6底面与四周均用金属网22制成,炉胆6口敞开。各条边用角钢21焊接,金属网22焊接在角钢21上。如果,生物质颗粒较细,炉胆底面用钢板制做。 
开关19后连接一个回收塔11,回收塔11是一个金属筒,金属筒两端各设有一个阀兰盖,阀兰口约50厘米处各焊接一块金属板,金属板上开有许多孔,孔与孔之间焊接许多金属空心管。金属筒的上端焊接水管12,金属筒的下端焊接水管15,水管12的一端插入水箱13,水箱13与水管15之间用水泵14相连。回收塔11上端与 引风机10相连,引风机10的风出口处连接木煤气管9,回收塔11下端设有一根U型油管16,U型油管16的出口下端设有集油池17。当木焦油堵塞回收塔11时,打开回收塔11下端的阀兰盖,用钢纤用力插入金属空心管,将木焦油排出。 
可将几十个热解炉的烟管18并联再连接到回收塔11上。 
生物质燃料的热解过程是:在炉胆6内中央放置一个圆柱体,把生物质燃料(如秸杆)放置在炉胆6内,压实,然后拔出圆柱体,留出一个圆柱体洞,在炉外点燃木块,放入圆柱体洞内,盖上水封盖5,将U型水封槽4注满水,打开开关2,水份从炉胆的炉面和其它5个面的网孔冒出,再从排汽管3排出。调节开关8的大小,控制空气进量,防止熄火和空气过量氧化。随着温度的升高,当温度表1的温度达到80~150℃时,持续约0.5~1.5小时后,关闭开关2,打开开关18,启动引风机10,启动水泵14,调节开关8的大小,控制空气进量,防止空气过量氧化,木焦油气和木煤气从烟道18流入回收塔11,冷水通过水管15流入回收塔11,从回收塔11的水管12流出。木焦油气被冷却,从U型油管16流出,流入集油池17中贮藏。当温度表20读数达到约300℃时,生物质已分解出大量的生物质炭,木焦油,木醋液和少量的木煤气等。 
本热解炉与传统热解炉生物质燃料热解对比如下表: 
Figure BSA00000416951600051
从表中可看出,1吨生物质燃料热解后本热解炉炭、木焦油产量大大高于传统热解炉。 

Claims (3)

1.一种生物质热解炉,包括炉壳、炉胆、排汽管、烟管、回收塔,烟管装置在炉壳上,炉胆装置在炉壳内,其特征在于,所述的炉胆底面与四周设有多网孔,炉胆与炉壳内壁间设有排汽层,烟管一端连接炉壳,另一端连接回收塔。
2.如权利要求1所述的生物质热解炉,其特征在于,所述的炉壳一面上端设有烟道口和通气管,排汽管设在炉壳与通气管相对应的一面。
3.如权利要求1所述的生物质热解炉,其特征在于,所述的回收塔与水平面呈α角,3°≤α≤60°。 
CN2011200088673U 2011-01-13 2011-01-13 一种生物质热解炉 Expired - Lifetime CN202030706U (zh)

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US13/979,434 US20130292240A1 (en) 2011-01-13 2011-12-23 Biomass pyrolysis furnace
AU2011355430A AU2011355430A1 (en) 2011-01-13 2011-12-23 Biomass pyrolysis furnace
PCT/CN2011/084566 WO2012094942A1 (zh) 2011-01-13 2011-12-23 一种生物质热解炉
CA2826176A CA2826176A1 (en) 2011-01-13 2011-12-23 Biomass pyrolysis furnace
EP11855415.3A EP2664661A4 (en) 2011-01-13 2011-12-23 BIOMASS PYROLYSIS OVEN
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CN102071036A (zh) * 2011-01-13 2011-05-25 肖国雄 一种生物质热解炉
WO2012094942A1 (zh) * 2011-01-13 2012-07-19 Xiao Guoxiong 一种生物质热解炉
CN102071036B (zh) * 2011-01-13 2013-03-13 肖国雄 一种生物质热解炉

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