CN104764047B - 反烧式生物秸秆压块采暖炊事两用炉 - Google Patents
反烧式生物秸秆压块采暖炊事两用炉 Download PDFInfo
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- CN104764047B CN104764047B CN201510174433.3A CN201510174433A CN104764047B CN 104764047 B CN104764047 B CN 104764047B CN 201510174433 A CN201510174433 A CN 201510174433A CN 104764047 B CN104764047 B CN 104764047B
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- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
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Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B40/00—Technologies aiming at improving the efficiency of home appliances, e.g. induction cooking or efficient technologies for refrigerators, freezers or dish washers
Abstract
一种反烧式生物秸秆压块采暖炊事两用炉，炉体内用水套分隔成炉膛和反烧烟道两个腔体，烟道内有吸热水管；炉膛分为三层，下层为清灰室，中层为燃烧室，上层为炊事加热室，三层结构依次贯通；所述的燃烧室与一次风口相通，燃烧室内设有上、下双层炉篦，上层炉篦是翻转式，下层炉篦是固定炉篦，固定炉篦上安装清灰器，固定炉篦的下方为灰斗；烟道上方设有控制炉膛作用于炊事与采暖的闸板，炉膛的侧面设有进料口和二次风口；水套安装在炉膛与铁皮外壁之间，水套与两列吸热水管相通。本炉设置了闸板，实现了采暖炊事两用。双层炉篦优化了炉膛的内部结构，设定了合适的吊火高度，占地面积小，结构简单，节能环保，燃烧效率高，可适用于农村及野外炊事生活领域。
Description
技术领域
[0001]本发明涉及一种民用炉具，特别是涉及一种用于燃烧秸杆、木肩等生物质压块的
[0002]双炉排反烧式生物秸杆压块采暖炊事两用炉。
背景技术
[0003]生物质是一种可以与环境协调发展的能源，具有巨大的发展潜力。我国是一个农业大国，农业人口占总人口70%以上，农村生活用能主要是依靠秸杆和薪柴。据统计资料介绍，农村总能耗的65%以上为生物质能，2013年，我国年产秸杆总量达到72232.2万吨，科学合理开发农作物秸杆生物质能源在我国有广泛的发展前景。
[0004]目前我国广大农村所用的以农作物秸杆作为燃料的炉具，一般仅作为炊事工具，其结构简单、功能单一，能源利用效率很低，存在污染较严重、能量浪费较为严重的缺陷。2012年12月国家发布实施的《生物产业发展规划》中明确提出“重点推广生物质成型燃料技术的规模化应用，加大对大生物质供热锅炉技术和民用炉具的研发和应用力度”。秸杆压块是利用专用的秸杆固化成型设备挤压成规则的、密度较大的棒状、块状或颗粒状等成型燃料，从而提高其运输和贮存能力，改善秸杆燃烧性能，提高利用效率，扩大应用范围。压块燃料用于农村能源可为城乡提供生活和生产的优质燃料，可节省化石能源消耗、改善生态环境。
发明内容
[0005]为了解决现有技术的诸多缺陷，本发明提供一种反烧式生物质采暖炊事两用炉，该炉克服了现有炉具的技术缺陷，一炉多用，燃烧效率高，节能环保，方便操作点。
[0006]为解决上述技术问题，本发明采用的技术方案:
[0007] —种反烧式生物秸杆压块采暖炊事两用炉，包括用支架支撑的炉体、炉体内部空腔形成的炉膛、与炉膛相通的烟道、水套、进料口和储灰斗，炉体上方设有进水口，炉体的一侧设有出水口，另一侧设有回水口，炉膛内设有耐火层，水套安装在炉体内，其外层为铁皮炉壁，其特征在于，所述的炉体内用水套分隔成两个腔体，一个腔体为炉膛，另一个腔体为反烧烟道，反烧烟道内有吸热水管；所述的炉膛分为三层，按照功能结构设置下层为清灰室，中层为燃烧室，上层为炊事加热室，三层结构依次贯通;所述的燃烧室与一次风口相通，燃烧室内设有上、下双层炉篦，上层炉篦是翻转式结构，下层炉篦是固定式结构，固定炉篦上设有移动清灰器，下层炉篦的下方为储灰斗;所述反烧烟道上方设有控制炉膛作用于炊事与采暖的闸板，炉膛的侧面设有进料口和二次风口；水套安装在炉膛与铁皮外壁之间，水套与两列吸热水管相通。
[0008]作为优选，所述的闸板分为两段，上段是控制板，下段是隔烟板，隔烟板与水套内壁相连，上段与下段铰链连接为一体。
[0009]作为优选，闸板安装在两列吸热水管之间。
[0010]作为优选，所述的闸板可以90°翻转，即呈水平状态与竖直状态，分别用于炊事与取暖。
[0011]作为优选，炉膛内设有一次风口和二次风口，一次风口位于下炉篦下方，二次风口位于炊事加热室内炉盖的下方。
[0012]作为优选，所述的移动清灰器为耙式结构，与拉杆连接，拉杆的手柄位于炉膛外，通过手柄来拉动清灰器使之移动清灰。
[0013]作为优选，所述的两列吸热水管交错排列于烟道内。
[0014]与传统的直燃炉相比，本发明的炉膛分为三层，并设置一次、二次风口，两次进风使燃料燃烧充分。闸板的设置令直烧反烧随意控制，可实现炊事供暖两用，并且能使采暖热效率达到65%以上。充分利用燃烧学和热力学的原理进行科学设计而建造，直烧时炉膛的热量集向锅底，烟气迂迥从锅侧壁缝隙或侧壁烟囱排出，反烧时炉膛产生的热量及烟气顺着隔烟板先传递到炉膛一侧的一列吸热水管，再由排烟口风的抽力迂迥传递到远离炉膛一侧的一列吸热水管;下炉篦二次燃烧产生的热量和烟气从下排烟口进入反烧烟道对吸热水管进行加热，热量被充分利用。其显著效果还在于:本发明的炉膛分为三层结构，设置的双层炉篦不但优化了炉膛的内部结构，设定了合适的吊火高度，而且在下层固定炉篦上设置清灰器，清灰器在拉杆的控制下实现移动清灰，使得清灰更迅速彻底。结构简单，燃烧效率高，节能环保，且能储存灰尘，可适用于农村、野外炊事生活领域。
附图说明
[0015]图1为本发明的主结构示意图。
[0016]图2是图1的侧视图。
[0017]图3是图1的俯视图。
[0018]图4是本发明的清灰器结构示意图。
[0019]附图中标号表示如下:底座I，储灰斗2，下排烟口3，下炉篦4，上炉篦5，耐火层6，进料口 7，二次风口 8，内炉盖9，外炉盖10，闸板11，排烟口 12，吸热水管13，水套14，回水口 15，进水口 16，出水口 17，防爆阀18，移动清灰器19，拉杆20。
具体实施方式
[0020]下面结合附图及实施例对本发明作进一步的描述。
[0021]实施例1:本实施例公开了一种双炉排反烧式生物质采暖炉，其结构见图1-图3，炉体被支撑坐于底座I上，是一种双炉排反烧式生物质采暖炉，它的炉体及其它所有构件均采用耐热不锈钢、耐热铸钢等金属材料制成。炉体的上方设有进水口 16，并用外炉盖10扣盖。一侧设有出水口 17，另一侧设有回水口 15，水套14安装在炉体内，与吸热水管13连接。吸热水管13设置两列，两列吸热水管13交错排列于烟道内。铁皮外壁与水套14构成炉壁，炉膛内壁与水套14之间设置耐火层6。
[0022]炉体内通过水套14分成两个腔体，一个腔体为炉膛，另一个腔体为反烧烟道。加热水管13安装在反烧烟道内，位于炉膛的一侧，加热水管13交错排列从烟道内穿过。这种设置，使得加热水管13既可吸收反烧烟气的热量进行加热，也可充分利用炊事余热进行加热，充分利用反烧的热量，再供至采暖末端。为了防止发生意外，设置了防爆阀18，防爆阀18与水套14连接。
[0023]见图1，图2，炉膛的上方设有进料口7。进料口7下部的炉壁是45°斜面，这种设置可确保入料通畅。烟道上方设有控制炉膛作用于炊事与采暖的闸板11，闸板11分为两段，上段是控制板，下段是隔烟板，隔烟板与水套14内壁相连，上段与下段铰链连接为一体。闸板11位于两列吸热水管13之间，可水平、竖直90°翻转，即呈水平状态与竖直状态，分别用于炊事与取暖。炉膛上部设有锅架，吊火高度为30cm。
[0024]见图1，炉膛的容积为0.03〜0.05m3，分为三层，按照功能结构下层为清灰室，中层为燃烧室，上层为炊事加热室，三层结构依次贯通。燃烧室内设有上、下双层炉篦5、4，上层炉壁5位于下层炉壁4的上方、进料口的下方为翻转式结构。下层炉篦4是固定式结构为固定炉篦。见图4，固定炉篦4上安装耙式结构的清灰器19，清灰器19与拉杆20连接，拉杆20的手柄位于炉膛外，通过手柄来拉动清灰器19使之移动清灰。固定炉篦的下方有储灰斗2。通过清灰器19清除的灰渣落入储灰斗2及时运走处理。炉膛内设有二次风口 8，燃烧室与二次风口 8相通。反烧时闸板11处于竖直状态。一次风口位于下层炉篦4下方，二次风口 8位于炊事加热室内炉盖9的下方，炉膛的上方。炊事时闸板11呈水平状态，二次风口 8打开，通过二次风口 8，使气化物质进行二次燃烧，燃料燃烧充分;供暖时闸板11呈竖直状态，炉膛产生的热量及烟气顺着隔烟板先传递到炉膛一侧的一列吸热水管13，再由排烟口 12风的抽力迂迥传递到远离炉膛一侧的一列吸热水管13;下炉篦4 二次燃烧产生的热量和烟气从下排烟口 3进入反烧烟道对吸热水管13进行加热，热效率达到65%以上。
[0025] 本发明的工作原理
[0026]使用时，将燃料(秸杆块)由进料口 7投进炉膛内，直烧时闸板水平放置，二次风口 8打开，炉膛的热量集向炊事加热室的锅底，烟气从侧壁排烟口 12排出，反烧时，闸板竖直放置，二次风口 8关闭，炉膛上部产生的烟气顺着隔烟板先传递到炉膛一侧的一列吸热水管，烟气下行到达隔烟板底部时再由排烟口风的抽力作用迂迥传递到远离炉膛一侧的一列吸热水管；炉膛下部产生的烟气从下排烟口进入反烧烟道对吸热水管13进行加热，热量被充分利用。本发明的双炉排反烧式生物质采暖炉，充分利用燃烧学和热力学的原理实现炊事供暖两用，炊事用热来自炉膛上半部燃料燃烧释放的热量;吸热水管13既可利用反烧过程下层燃料及热解气燃烧释的热量进行加热，也可充分利用炊事余热进行加热进而实现发明目的。
[0027]虽然，上文中已经用一般性说明及具体实施方案对本发明作了详尽的描述，但在本发明基础上，可以对之作一些修改或改进，这对本领域技术人员而言是显而易见的。因此，在不偏离本发明精神的基础上所做的这些修改或改进，均属于本发明要求保护的范围。
Claims (7)
1.一种反烧式生物秸杆压块采暖炊事两用炉，包括用支架支撑的炉体、炉体内部空腔形成的炉膛、与炉膛相通的烟道、水套、进料口和储灰斗，炉体上方设有进水口，炉体的一侧设有出水口，另一侧设有回水口，炉膛内设有耐火层，水套安装在炉体内，其外层为铁皮炉壁，其特征在于，所述的炉体内用水套分隔成两个腔体，一个腔体为炉膛，另一个腔体为反烧烟道，烟道内有吸热水管;所述的炉膛分为三层，按照功能结构设置下层为清灰室，中层为燃烧室，上层为炊事加热室，三层结构依次贯通;所述的燃烧室与一次风口相通，燃烧室内设有上、下双层炉篦，上层炉篦是翻转式结构，下层炉篦是固定式结构，固定炉篦上设有移动清灰器，下层炉篦的下方为储灰斗;所述反烧烟道上方设有控制炉膛作用于炊事与采暖的闸板，炉膛的侧面设有进料口和二次风口；水套安装在炉膛与铁皮外壁之间，水套与两列吸热水管相通。
2.根据权利要求1所述的反烧式生物秸杆压块采暖炊事两用炉，其特征在于，所述的闸板分为两段，上段是控制板，下段是隔烟板，隔烟板与水套内壁相连，上段与下段铰链连接为一体。
3.根据权利要求2所述的反烧式生物秸杆压块采暖炊事两用炉，其特征在于，闸板安装在两列吸热水管之间。
4.根据权利要求2所述的反烧式生物秸杆压块采暖炊事两用炉，其特征在于，所述的闸板可以90°翻转，即呈水平状态与竖直状态，分别用于炊事与取暖。
5.根据权利要求1所述的反烧式生物秸杆压块采暖炊事两用炉，其特征在于，炉膛内设有一次风口和二次风口，一次风口位于下炉篦下方，二次风口位于炊事加热室内炉盖的下方。
6.根据权利要求1所述的反烧式生物秸杆压块采暖炊事两用炉，其特征在于，所述的移动清灰器为耙式结构，与拉杆连接，拉杆的手柄位于炉膛外，通过手柄来拉动清灰器使之移动清灰。
7.根据权利要求1所述的反烧式生物秸杆压块采暖炊事两用炉，其特征在于，所述的两列吸热水管交错排列于反烧烟道内。
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