WO2012090522A1 - 空調情報推定装置、空調情報推定装置の制御方法、および制御プログラム - Google Patents
空調情報推定装置、空調情報推定装置の制御方法、および制御プログラム Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012090522A1 WO2012090522A1 PCT/JP2011/056953 JP2011056953W WO2012090522A1 WO 2012090522 A1 WO2012090522 A1 WO 2012090522A1 JP 2011056953 W JP2011056953 W JP 2011056953W WO 2012090522 A1 WO2012090522 A1 WO 2012090522A1
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- 238000004378 air conditioning Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 87
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 24
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 claims description 76
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 claims description 64
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 49
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- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 42
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 37
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 16
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- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
- G05D23/00—Control of temperature
- G05D23/19—Control of temperature characterised by the use of electric means
- G05D23/1919—Control of temperature characterised by the use of electric means characterised by the type of controller
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
- F24F11/30—Control or safety arrangements for purposes related to the operation of the system, e.g. for safety or monitoring
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
- F24F11/50—Control or safety arrangements characterised by user interfaces or communication
- F24F11/52—Indication arrangements, e.g. displays
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G06Q50/00—Information and communication technology [ICT] specially adapted for implementation of business processes of specific business sectors, e.g. utilities or tourism
- G06Q50/06—Energy or water supply
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
- F24F11/30—Control or safety arrangements for purposes related to the operation of the system, e.g. for safety or monitoring
- F24F11/46—Improving electric energy efficiency or saving
- F24F11/47—Responding to energy costs
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an air conditioning information estimation device for estimating the energy consumption of an air regulator.
- Patent Document 1 when a plurality of air conditioners are arranged in a building, in order to improve the efficiency of air conditioning, there is room for energy saving as a determination material from which air conditioner should be improved.
- An energy saving support device for presenting information is disclosed.
- This energy saving support device estimates the power consumption when using an air conditioner with improved COP from the air conditioner operation data for an air conditioner with a low COP (coefficient of performance).
- COP indicates the cooling (heating) capacity [kW] divided by the power consumption [kW].
- the operation data includes the operation state of the air conditioner, specifically, power on / off, thermo on / off, operation mode (cooling mode, heating mode or air blowing mode), set temperature, and the like.
- the manager of the air conditioner (building manager) can grasp the air conditioner that is preferentially improved (replaced).
- Japanese Patent Publication Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2010-112697 (published on May 20, 2010)
- Patent Document 1 it is possible to grasp the power consumption when the COP of the air regulator is improved.
- the air conditioner itself needs to be improved or replaced with an efficient air conditioner, and a large cost is required to reduce energy consumption.
- the set temperature which is an adjustable parameter of the air regulator. If the energy consumption when the set temperature is changed can be grasped, the set temperature can be adjusted in consideration of comfort and energy saving.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to realize an air conditioning information estimation device capable of estimating energy consumption by an air regulator using a set temperature as a parameter. .
- An air-conditioning information estimation apparatus is an air-conditioning information estimation apparatus that estimates the energy consumption of an air conditioner that adjusts the temperature of air in a predetermined area based on a set temperature, in order to solve the above problems
- the temperature of the air in the area in a predetermined period while the air conditioner performs air conditioning is x
- the set temperature in the period is xs
- the air conditioner before the period is air.
- a consumption amount specifying unit that specifies the value y of the function represented by the above as the energy consumption amount of the air conditioner in the period is provided.
- a control method for an air conditioning information estimation device is a control method for an air conditioning information estimation device that estimates the energy consumption of an air conditioner that adjusts the temperature of air in a predetermined area based on a set temperature.
- the temperature of the air in the area in a predetermined period while the air conditioner is performing air conditioning is x
- the set temperature in the period is xs
- y f (a) + g (b) + ⁇
- the method includes a consumption specifying step of specifying the value y of the function represented by the above as the energy consumption of the air regulator in the period.
- the energy consumption amount can be estimated using the first feature amount a and the second feature amount b.
- the second feature value b is a value that reflects the initial temperature at the start of air conditioning, and is a parameter that represents the effect of heat storage by structures (walls, floors, etc.) around the area. Therefore, the energy consumption of the air regulator can be estimated in consideration of the effect of heat storage.
- the energy consumption amount can be estimated from the air temperature, the initial temperature, and the set temperature of the area. Therefore, since it is possible to easily obtain parameters necessary for estimating the energy consumption, it is not necessary to install a temperature sensor or the like outside the area in order to obtain the outside air temperature or the like. Therefore, the air conditioning information estimation apparatus can be easily introduced at low cost.
- the energy consumption amount of the air regulator can be estimated in consideration of the effect of heat storage.
- the parameters necessary for estimating the energy consumption in the present invention can be easily obtained. Therefore, the air-conditioning information estimation apparatus can be simplified in configuration and can be easily introduced at low cost.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a system to which the air conditioning information estimation apparatus 1 of the present embodiment is applied.
- the air conditioner (air conditioner) 2 receives a control command (power ON / OFF, setting temperature setting, etc.) from the controller, and returns the operating state of the air conditioner 2 to the controller.
- the air conditioner 2 performs air adjustment (temperature adjustment) of a predetermined area (room, floor, etc.) such as a building based on the set temperature.
- the air conditioner 2 measures the room temperature and the power consumption, and transmits the room temperature, the set temperature, and the power consumption information to the air conditioning information estimation apparatus 1.
- the user inputs a power consumption reduction target (a target reduction rate or the like) to the air conditioning information estimation apparatus 1.
- the air conditioning information estimation device 1 estimates the power consumption (energy consumption) when the set temperature is changed for the air regulator 2, identifies an appropriate target set temperature for reducing the power consumption, and sets the target The set temperature and the power reduction amount at that time are presented to the user.
- FIG. 2 is a graph showing an example of the power consumption per hour of the air conditioner and the corresponding room temperature for a certain week.
- the horizontal axis represents time, the left vertical axis represents power consumption per hour, and the right vertical axis represents temperature.
- FIG. 2 shows a weekly power consumption and room temperature (room air temperature) from Sunday (8/15) to Saturday (8/21). This room is a room in the office building, and the air conditioner is in the room during the day (9am to 18pm) Monday (8/16) to Friday (8/20) Make adjustments. From Monday to Friday, the air conditioner works, so that the room temperature is kept at a low temperature close to the set temperature (26 ° C.). On Saturdays and Sundays, the room air conditioner does not work and the room temperature rises.
- the set temperature is always constant, but the room temperature changes due to various factors such as a change in the ambient temperature of the room. In addition, the outside air temperature was the same temperature change every day.
- the power consumption per hour on Monday is generally high because of the existence of heat capacity of the air in the gaps between the walls and floors, and the surrounding walls and floors.
- Saturday and Sunday when the air conditioner does not operate, the temperature of the room rises, and heat is stored in the walls and floor and the air in the gap.
- the air conditioner works on Monday, the room temperature quickly decreases, but the walls and floor, which are insulated to some extent, continue to give the stored air little by little to the room air. Therefore, even after the room temperature falls below the set temperature, the power consumption per hour on Monday is higher than on other days (Tuesday to Friday).
- the conventional method for estimating the power consumption of the air conditioner did not take into account the effect of heat storage on the walls of the room. Therefore, in the conventional method, an error in estimating the power consumption is large.
- the present invention proposes a power consumption estimation model that takes into account the effects of heat storage on the walls of the room, etc., by using the temperature of the room when the air conditioner starts operation (9 am).
- the air conditioning information estimation apparatus of the present embodiment estimates the power consumption y of the air conditioner in a predetermined period (for example, 1 hour from 13:00 pm to 14:00 pm) at the beginning of the period (13:00 pm).
- the temperature x of the room, the set temperature xs of the air conditioner during the period, and the room temperature (initial temperature) xc when the air conditioner starts air conditioning (9:00 am) are used.
- the first feature amount a is large, that is, when the difference between the room temperature x and the set temperature xs is large, it can be estimated that the power consumption y during the period increases.
- the second feature amount b is large, that is, when the difference between the room temperature xc at the start of air conditioning and the set temperature xs is large, it is considered that the amount of heat stored around the room is large, and the power during the period It is considered that the consumption y is also increased.
- a model that takes into consideration the effect of heat storage on the wall of the room or the like by the second feature amount b is used.
- the room temperature x varies from period to period under the influence of outside air temperature and air conditioning. Therefore, the first feature amount a represents the influence of time variation of the outside air temperature and the room temperature on the power consumption y.
- the power consumption y of the air conditioner during the period is represented by the following function with the first feature quantity a and the second feature quantity b as variables.
- ⁇ , ⁇ , and ⁇ are constants.
- Constants ⁇ , ⁇ , and ⁇ representing the correlation between the first feature amount a and the second feature amount b and the power consumption amount y can be determined based on actual measurement data. That is, for a plurality of periods in which the air conditioner is operating, the room temperature x in each period (1 hour), the set temperature xs in each period, and the initial temperature when air conditioning before each period is started xc and the power consumption y for each period are measured. By applying the plurality of measurement data to the equation (1) and using the least square method or the like, the optimum ⁇ , ⁇ , and ⁇ can be obtained. As shown in FIG.
- any method for fitting measurement data with a function such as multiple regression analysis or a genetic algorithm, can be used.
- the relationship between the first feature value a and the second feature value b, which are variables, and the power consumption amount y is expressed by the simplest linear expression.
- the present invention is not limited to this.
- Other functions such as a quadratic expression using the first feature value a and the second feature value b as variables may be used.
- y f (a) + g (b) + ⁇ (2) f (a) and g (b) are arbitrary functions. Even in such a case, if the measurement data is sufficiently large, the measurement data can be approximated by the function. What is important here is that the power consumption y is expressed using the first feature value a and the second feature value b as variables. Note that ⁇ may be zero.
- FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing a functional configuration of the air conditioning information estimation device 1.
- the air conditioner 2 is an air conditioner that adjusts the temperature of a predetermined area (room, floor, etc.) such as a building based on the set temperature.
- the air conditioner 2 consumes electric power as air conditioning energy, but may operate by consuming energy such as gas.
- the air conditioner 2 is a general air conditioner that measures the temperature of the circulating air and adjusts the air according to the difference from the set temperature. Moreover, the air conditioner 2 measures its own power consumption, and calculates
- the air conditioning information estimation apparatus 1 includes an acquisition unit 3, a storage unit 4, a model specification unit (function specification unit) 5, an input unit 6, a set temperature assumption unit 7, a power consumption specification unit (consumption specification unit) 8, and room for improvement.
- An amount specifying unit (difference specifying unit) 9, a determining unit 10, a target set temperature specifying unit 11, and an output unit 12 are provided.
- the acquisition unit 3 obtains, from the air conditioner 2, an operating state (ON / OFF of heating / cooling), a measured value of the room temperature at the beginning of a predetermined period (1 hour), a set temperature for the period, and power for the period Get a measurement of consumption.
- the acquisition unit 3 stores the acquired measurement value of the room temperature, the set temperature, and the measurement value of the power consumption in the storage unit 4 as measurement data.
- the acquisition part 3 memorize
- the acquisition unit 3 may acquire data such as the above measured values from other devices that manage the air conditioner 2.
- the BEMS management device has information such as the set temperature and power consumption of each air conditioner, and each air conditioner Is controlling.
- the acquisition unit 3 may acquire the set temperature, power consumption, and the like from the BEMS management apparatus via a network or a recording medium.
- the acquisition unit 3 may acquire a measurement value of the room temperature from a temperature sensor arranged in the room, and may acquire power information from a power sensor provided corresponding to the air conditioner 2.
- the model specifying unit 5 uses the first feature amount a, the second feature amount b, and the power consumption amount y for a plurality of periods, and constants ⁇ and ⁇ of the power consumption estimation function expressed by the above equation (1). , ⁇ is specified. As described above, the model specifying unit 5 obtains constants ⁇ , ⁇ , and ⁇ that closely approximate a plurality of measurement data by the least square method. The model specifying unit 5 stores the specified power consumption estimation function (function constants ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ ) in the storage unit 4.
- the air conditioning information estimation device 1 obtains an appropriate target set temperature for reducing the power consumption based on the target reduction rate of the power consumption with respect to the room temperature x and the initial temperature xc. In addition, it is determined how much power consumption can be reduced (has been present). However, the upper limit of the temperature is determined as the limit temperature in the case of cooling so as not to impair comfort. In the case of heating, the lower limit of temperature is determined as the limit temperature. Below, based on the past measurement data, the case where the appropriate preset temperature at that time and the electric power consumption which could be reduced are estimated is demonstrated.
- the input unit 6 designates a target day (target period) indicating which day the process is to be performed on, indicates a target reduction rate zr of power consumption for one day (target period), and indicates an upper limit of temperature as a management index. Input from the outside is accepted for the limit temperature xm, the threshold value zt indicating the allowable range for the target reduction rate zr, and the designation of air conditioning.
- the input unit 6 outputs the received information to the set temperature assumption unit 7.
- the input unit 6 outputs the power consumption target reduction rate zr and the threshold value zt to the determination unit 10.
- the input unit 6 may receive such information from the user via a key or the like, may acquire the information from the storage unit 4, or may acquire it from another computer or the like through a network. Further, the input unit 6 may store such information in the storage unit 4.
- the set temperature assumption unit 7 acquires, from the storage unit 4, measurement data (room temperature x and set temperature xs) for each period (every hour) included in the target date according to the specified target date. .
- FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating an example of measurement data to be read.
- FIG. 4 shows room temperature data, corresponding air conditioner energy data, and set temperature data.
- the operating time of the air conditioner is from 9 am to 18 pm.
- the set temperature assumption unit 7 acquires measurement data only for a period during which the air conditioner 2 has been operating. For example, when the air conditioner 2 is operating from 9:00 am to 18:00 pm, nine sets of measurement data for each hour are acquired. Among the measurement data shown in FIG.
- the set temperature assumption unit 7 includes the temperature x (x 1 , x 2 ,..., X 9 for 9 hours from 9:00 am to 18:00 pm surrounded by a thick frame. ) And set temperature xs (xs 1 , xs 2 ,..., Xs 9 ).
- the temperature x 1 in the column “9:00” in FIG. 4 indicates the temperature at the time 9:00, and the set temperature xs 1 in the column “9:00” is between the times 9:00 and 10:00 ( Indicates the set temperature (average).
- the temperature x 1 in AM began air conditioning 9 corresponds to the initial temperature xc.
- the set temperature assumption unit 7 obtains the maximum temperature max (x) of the room temperature x during a predetermined period while the air controller 2 of the target day is operating.
- the predetermined period a period (comfort maintenance period) in which the room temperature should be adjusted to a temperature below the limit temperature (during cooling) is set.
- the predetermined period is defined as one hour after the time when the effect appears sufficiently (time 10:00) to the last period (time 18:00) during which the air conditioner 2 is operating. To do.
- the maximum temperature max (x) of the room temperature x in a predetermined period indicates max (x 2 , x 3 ,..., X 9 ).
- the set temperature assumption unit 7 obtains the difference between the limit temperature xm and the maximum temperature max (x) as ⁇ xm.
- the set temperature assumption unit 7 obtains a provisional set temperature xs ′ of each period with respect to the set temperature xs of each period of the target day according to ⁇ xm and the correction value ⁇ x ′ of the set temperature.
- the initial value of ⁇ x ′ is 0.
- xs ′ xs + ( ⁇ xm ⁇ x ′) (cooling)
- xs ′ xs ⁇ ( ⁇ xm ⁇ x ′) (heating)
- the initial value of the tentative set temperature xs ′ is set to a value that keeps the room temperature x below the limit temperature xm for a predetermined period (time 10:00 to 18:00). Is done.
- the set temperature assumption unit 7 outputs the calculated temporary set temperature xs ′ for each period to the power consumption specifying unit 8. In addition, the set temperature assumption unit 7 outputs the calculated temporary set temperature xs ′, correction values ⁇ x ′ and ⁇ xm for each period to the target set temperature specifying unit 11.
- the power consumption specifying unit 8 stores the power consumption estimation function (function constants ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ ) and measurement data (room temperature x and initial temperature xc) for each period of the target day from the storage unit 4. get.
- the temperature x 1 in AM began air conditioning 9 corresponds to the initial temperature xc.
- the power consumption amount specifying unit 8 uses the power consumption amount estimation function to calculate the power consumption amount y ′ when the provisional set temperature xs ′ is applied in each period in which the air controller 2 is operating on the target day. Identify.
- a temporary first feature value a ′ is obtained from the room temperature x and the provisional set temperature xs ′, and a provisional second feature quantity b is obtained from the initial temperature xc and the provisional set temperature xs ′.
- the power consumption amount y ′ corresponding to the provisional first feature amount a ′ and the provisional second feature amount b ′ is specified for each period using the power consumption amount estimation function.
- the power consumption specifying unit 8 outputs the power consumption y ′ specified for each period to the room for improvement amount specifying unit 9.
- the room for improvement amount specifying unit 9 acquires measurement data (power consumption y) for each period of the target date from the storage unit 4.
- the room for improvement amount specifying unit 9 includes the power consumption y (y 1 , y 2 ,... For 9 hours from 9:00 am to 18:00 pm surrounded by a thick frame. It reads the y 9).
- the power consumption y 1 in the column “9:00” in FIG. 4 indicates the power consumption between 9:00 and 10:00.
- the room for improvement amount specification 9 determines the difference (energy) between the actual power consumption y when the set temperature is xs and the estimated power consumption y ′ when the set temperature is xs ′. (Consumption difference) is obtained as an amount of room for improvement ⁇ y of power consumption.
- the room for improvement ⁇ y in each period is the power consumption estimated to have been reduced by changing the set temperature from xs to xs ′ in the period.
- the room for improvement amount specifying unit 9 outputs the room for improvement ⁇ y for each period to the determination unit 10.
- the determination unit 10 obtains the total amount of room for improvement ⁇ y for each period for the target date, and specifies the total amount of room for improvement ⁇ z on the target day.
- the determination part 10 calculates
- the ratio ⁇ z / z between the accumulated room for improvement ⁇ z and the accumulated power consumption z is the reduction rate of the power consumption on the target day when the set temperature is changed from xs to xs ′.
- the determination unit 10 determines whether the reduction rate ⁇ z / z is within a predetermined range defined by the target reduction rate zr and the threshold value zt indicating the allowable width, depending on whether or not the obtained reduction rate ⁇ z / z satisfies the following equation. Determine whether or not.
- the determination unit 10 determines whether or not the difference between the power consumption reduction rate ⁇ z / z and the target reduction rate zr is equal to or less than the threshold value zt.
- the determination unit 10 outputs the determination result to the target set temperature specifying unit 11.
- the target set temperature specifying unit 11 specifies the target set temperature for each period and the room for improvement ⁇ y of the power consumption for each period (and the accumulated room for improvement ⁇ z) according to the determination result of the determination unit 10.
- the target set temperature and the room for improvement ⁇ y (and the cumulative room for improvement ⁇ z) are output to the output unit 12.
- the target set temperature specifying unit 11 sets the provisional set temperature xs ′ as the target set temperature, and for each period corresponding to the target set temperature.
- the room for improvement ⁇ y is output to the output unit 12.
- the target set temperature specifying unit 11 sets the correction value ⁇ x ′ to correct (change) the temporary set temperature xs ′. change.
- the target set temperature specifying unit 11 changes the correction value ⁇ x ′ within a range of (0 ⁇ ⁇ x ′ ⁇ ⁇ xm), and outputs the changed correction value ⁇ x ′ to the set temperature assumption unit 7. If the correction value ⁇ x ′ changes, the temporary set temperature xs ′ changes. Thereby, the reduction rate ⁇ z / z at the temporary set temperature xs ′ after the change is obtained, and this is repeated until the reduction rate ⁇ z / z falls within the predetermined range.
- the output unit 12 displays the received target set temperature and the amount of room for improvement ⁇ y corresponding to each period on the display device and presents it to the user.
- the output unit 12 may transmit the target set temperature and the amount of room for improvement ⁇ y corresponding to each period to an external database, or may output to the storage unit 4 for storage.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the amount of room for improvement ⁇ y and the target set temperature that are displayed or output.
- the output unit 12 may display or output other specified information such as a cumulative amount of room for improvement ⁇ z.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a display example of the room for improvement ⁇ y and the target set temperature corresponding to FIG.
- FIG. 6 shows the power consumption for each hour and the amount of room for improvement ⁇ y.
- FIG. 6 also shows the target set temperature.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating a processing flow in which the air conditioning information estimation device 1 specifies a power consumption estimation function.
- the model specifying unit 5 acquires the room temperature x, the set temperature xs, the initial temperature xc, and the power consumption y from the storage unit 4 for a plurality of periods (S1).
- the model specifying unit 5 approximates the measurement data using the first feature amount a, the second feature amount b, and the power consumption amount y in a plurality of periods.
- y ⁇ ⁇ a + ⁇ ⁇ b + ⁇ (1)
- the constants ⁇ , ⁇ , and ⁇ of the power consumption estimation function expressed by the following are specified by the least square method (S4). This completes the process of specifying the power consumption estimation function.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a processing flow in which the air conditioning information estimation device 1 estimates the power consumption and specifies the target set temperature and the room for improvement.
- the input unit 6 specifies the target date, the target reduction rate zr of the power consumption of the target day, the limit temperature xm indicating the upper limit of the temperature as a management index, the threshold zt indicating the allowable range for the target reduction rate zr, and the air conditioning
- the designation is acquired from the outside (S11). Here, a case where cooling is designated will be described.
- the set temperature assumption unit 7 acquires measurement data (room temperature x and set temperature xs) for each period (every hour) included in the target date from the storage unit 4 (S12).
- the set temperature assumption unit 7 specifies a difference ⁇ xm between the limit temperature xm and the maximum temperature max (x) of the room temperature x on the target date (S13).
- the set temperature assumption unit 7 sets the initial value of ⁇ x ′ to 0.
- the initial value of the parameter t1 of the bisection method is set to 0, and the initial value of the parameter t2 is set to ⁇ xm.
- the set temperature assumption unit 7 specifies a provisional set temperature xs' for each period (S14).
- the provisional set temperature xs' is the limit (highest) that can be tolerated from comfort so as to weaken the air conditioning. Set temperature is set.
- the power consumption specifying unit 8 obtains a temporary first feature value a ′ and a temporary second feature value b ′.
- the power consumption specifying unit 8 specifies the power consumption y ′ when the provisional set temperature xs ′ is applied in each period of the target date based on the power consumption estimation function stored in the storage unit 4 ( (S15).
- the room for improvement amount specifying unit 9 calculates the difference between the actual power consumption y when the set temperature is xs and the estimated power consumption y ′ when the set temperature is xs ′ as the power.
- the amount of room for improvement of consumption ⁇ y is obtained (S16).
- the determination unit 10 specifies the cumulative amount of room for improvement ⁇ z on the target day and the cumulative power consumption amount z on the target day (S17).
- the determination unit 10 determines whether or not the difference between the power consumption reduction rate ⁇ z / z and the target reduction rate zr is equal to or less than a threshold value zt (S18).
- the target set temperature specifying unit 11 sets the temporary set temperature xs ′ as the target set temperature. Specify (S19). Thereafter, the output unit 12 displays the target set temperature and the amount of room for improvement ⁇ y for each corresponding period on the display device, and ends the process.
- the target set temperature specifying unit 11 determines whether or not the exception processing condition is satisfied. (S20).
- the target set temperature specifying unit 11 uses the current temporary set temperature xs ′ as the target set temperature as an exception process. (S19).
- the provisional set temperature xs ′ of each period is considered to be a limit value, and if the provisional set temperature xs ′ is further increased in order to increase the power consumption reduction rate, The temperature during such a period may exceed the limit temperature xm, which may impair comfort.
- the target set temperature specifying unit 11 sets the set temperature correction value ⁇ x ′ as (0 ⁇ ⁇ x ′ ⁇ ⁇ xm).
- the range is changed (S21).
- a bisection method is used here. Specifically, when ( ⁇ z / z) ⁇ zr> 0, the value of the parameter t1 is ⁇ x ′, and when ( ⁇ z / z) ⁇ zr ⁇ 0, the value of the parameter t2 is ⁇ x ′.
- the average value of the parameter t1 and the parameter t2 is set as a new correction value ⁇ x ′.
- the correction value ⁇ x ′ is not limited to the bisection method, and may be determined by gradually stepping up the correction value ⁇ x ′, or may be determined using another method such as the Newton method or a genetic algorithm. Also good.
- the provisional set temperature xs ′ is set as a limit value, and the reduction rate ⁇ z / z of the power consumption is obtained. If the reduction rate ⁇ z / z of the power consumption exceeds the target reduction rate zr (when ( ⁇ z / z) ⁇ zr> zt), the cooling is weakened to reduce the power consumption excessively. This is considered to be the case when too much comfort is sacrificed. Therefore, by changing the correction value ⁇ x ′ to change the set temperature xs ′, a target that achieves the reduction standard consisting of the target reduction rate zr and that is more comfortable for the person using the room is achieved. Specify the set temperature.
- the air conditioning information estimation apparatus 1 can estimate the power consumption considering the influence of heat storage when the set temperature is assumed, using the power consumption estimation function.
- the target reduction rate for the same month of the previous year is often set as a target for reducing carbon dioxide emissions or energy.
- the measurement data for example, average data
- the future period for example, next month
- the power consumption of the future period is calculated. Based on the reduction target, it is possible to specify the optimum set temperature and the amount of power consumption that can be reduced (reduction rate). Therefore, it is possible to determine the optimum set temperature for the future period and use it for energy saving.
- the power consumption estimation function is specified only according to measurement data (measured values of room temperature, initial temperature of room, set temperature, and measured values of power consumption), various functions are used. It is possible to identify power consumption estimation functions adapted to types of air conditioners and rooms (areas) of buildings in various environments. Moreover, in this Embodiment, since the measurement data of outside temperature are not used, it is not necessary to measure outside temperature, and the effort which arrange
- the measurement data required by the air conditioning information estimation device 1 is information that a general air conditioner has, and can be obtained only from the air conditioner.
- the air conditioning information estimation apparatus can be introduced by installing a program that realizes the function of the air conditioning information estimation apparatus of the present embodiment in a computer or the like. Therefore, the air conditioning information estimation device 1 has an advantage that the introduction cost is low and can be easily introduced.
- the target set temperature is specified based on the target reduction rate.
- the (cumulative) room for improvement, the estimated value y ′ of the power consumption, or the value of the estimated value ⁇ y ′ of the accumulated power consumption (target Depending on the value) an appropriate target set temperature may be specified.
- the air conditioner that operates by consuming electric power as energy has been described.
- the present invention is applied to an air conditioner that operates by consuming gas as energy, and the amount of gas consumption that can be reduced is estimated. You can also.
- the air conditioning information estimation device of the present embodiment is incorporated in the air conditioner itself, and the amount of power reduction (room for improvement) or target set temperature, etc. is provided via the display or the display of a remote control (control instruction device). May be displayed.
- estimation of the target set temperature and the amount of room for improvement is not limited to one day, and may be performed for one period (one hour), for example.
- the method for determining the period during which the room temperature should be kept below the limit temperature xm may be arbitrary.
- ⁇ xm may be determined using an average value or an intermediate value of x (x 1 , x 2 ,..., X 9 ) instead of max (x).
- the provisional set temperature xs ′ is a value that keeps the temperature of at least about half the period of the target day below the limit temperature xm.
- FIG. 9 is a graph showing the room temperature x and ⁇ xm when the air is adjusted at a certain set temperature.
- the target set temperature specifying unit 11 and the output unit 12 may be configured by hardware logic, or may be realized by software using a CPU (central processing unit) as follows.
- the air conditioning information estimation device 1 includes a CPU that executes instructions of a control program that realizes each function, a ROM (read (memory) that stores the program, a RAM (random access memory) that develops the program, the program, A storage device (recording medium) such as a memory for storing various data is provided.
- An object of the present invention is a recording medium in which a program code (execution format program, intermediate code program, source program) of a control program of the air conditioning information estimation apparatus 1 which is software for realizing the above-described functions is recorded so as to be readable by a computer. Can also be achieved by reading the program code recorded on the recording medium and executing it by the computer (or CPU or MPU (microprocessor unit)).
- Examples of the recording medium include a tape system such as a magnetic tape and a cassette tape, a magnetic disk such as a floppy (registered trademark) disk / hard disk, a CD-ROM (compact disk-read-only memory) / MO (magneto-optical) / Disc system including optical disc such as MD (Mini Disc) / DVD (digital versatile disc) / CD-R (CD Recordable), card system such as IC card (including memory card) / optical card, or mask ROM / EPROM ( A semiconductor memory system such as erasable, programmable, read-only memory, EEPROM (electrically erasable, programmable, read-only memory) / flash ROM, or the like can be used.
- a tape system such as a magnetic tape and a cassette tape
- a magnetic disk such as a floppy (registered trademark) disk / hard disk
- the air conditioning information estimation device 1 may be configured to be connectable to a communication network, and the program code may be supplied via the communication network.
- the communication network is not particularly limited.
- the Internet an intranet, an extranet, a LAN (local area network), an ISDN (integrated services network, digital network), a VAN (value-added network), and a CATV (community antenna) television communication.
- a network, a virtual private network, a telephone line network, a mobile communication network, a satellite communication network, etc. can be used.
- the transmission medium constituting the communication network is not particularly limited.
- IEEE institute of electrical and electronic engineering
- USB power line carrier
- cable TV line telephone line
- ADSL asynchronous digital subscriber loop
- Bluetooth registered trademark
- 802.11 wireless high data rate
- mobile phone network satellite line, terrestrial digital network, etc. But it is available.
- the present invention can also be expressed as follows.
- the air conditioning information estimation device includes a measured value of the temperature of air in the area in a certain period, the set temperature set in the period, the measured value of the initial temperature corresponding to the period, and the measured value in the period.
- a function specifying unit that acquires measurement data including a measurement value of energy consumption of the air regulator for a plurality of periods and specifies the functions f (a) and g (b) approximating the plurality of measurement data;
- the consumption specifying unit may specify the value y obtained using the function specified by the function specifying unit as the energy consumption.
- the function f (a), the function g (b), and the constant ⁇ that approximate the past measurement data can be specified using the past measurement data. Therefore, a function adapted to the area and the air conditioner can be obtained based on past measurement data. Therefore, energy consumption can be estimated appropriately.
- the value y of the function represented by the above may be specified as the energy consumption.
- the function representing the energy consumption can be expressed by the simplest linear expression using the first feature amount a and the second feature amount b as variables.
- the air conditioning information estimation device includes a measured value of the temperature of the air in the area in a certain period, the set temperature set in the period, a measured value of the initial temperature corresponding to the period, and the period
- the measurement data including the measured value of the energy consumption of the air conditioner is acquired for a plurality of periods, and the constant ⁇ , the constant ⁇ , and the constant ⁇ of the function are specified so as to approximate the plurality of measurement data.
- a function specifying unit that specifies the value y obtained from the function using the constant ⁇ , constant ⁇ , and constant ⁇ specified by the function specifying unit as the energy consumption amount. It may be.
- the air conditioning information estimation device includes a value y obtained from the function using a temporary set temperature as the set temperature in the predetermined period, and a measured value of the energy consumption of the air regulator in the period. You may provide the difference specific
- the user can estimate an appropriate set temperature according to the energy reduction target and the like, and can estimate the energy reduction amount at that time.
- the air conditioning information estimation device obtains the energy consumption difference for a plurality of periods, and determines whether the accumulated value of the energy consumption differences for the plurality of periods is within a predetermined range; When the cumulative value of the energy consumption difference is within the predetermined range, the temporary set temperature of each period is specified as the target set temperature of each period, and the cumulative value of the energy consumption difference is the predetermined value
- a target set temperature specifying unit for specifying the target set temperature for each period by changing the provisional set temperature for each period until the cumulative value of the energy consumption difference falls within the predetermined range if not within the range; May be provided.
- the target set temperature such that the accumulated value of the difference in energy consumption over a plurality of periods falls within a predetermined range. Therefore, by setting the above range according to the energy consumption reduction target, a target set temperature that can achieve the reduction target can be obtained.
- the air conditioning information estimation device weakens the air adjustment according to a difference between a predetermined limit value of the set temperature and a measured value of the air temperature during the predetermined period and the set temperature during the period.
- a setting temperature assumption unit that assumes the provisional setting temperature, and the difference specifying unit obtains a value y from the function using the provisional setting temperature assumed by the setting temperature assumption unit. May be.
- the temperature of the air of the said area does not exceed the said limit value (in the case of cooling, it does not exceed a limit value, and in the case of heating, it does not fall below a limit value)
- a temporary set temperature can be obtained.
- the consumption amount specifying unit may specify the energy consumption amount, where x is the temperature of the air in the area at the beginning of the predetermined period while the air conditioner is adjusting the air.
- the initial temperature Is preferred.
- An air conditioner according to the present invention includes the air conditioning information estimation device.
- the air conditioning information estimation apparatus may be partially realized by a computer.
- a control program for causing the computer to realize the air conditioning information estimation apparatus by operating the computer as each unit, and the above A computer-readable recording medium in which the control program is recorded also falls within the scope of the present invention.
- the present invention can be used for an air conditioning information estimation device that estimates power consumption when the set temperature is changed.
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Abstract
Description
y=f(a)+g(b)+γ
で表される関数の値yを、該期間における上記空気調節器のエネルギー消費量として特定する消費量特定部を備えることを特徴としている。
y=f(a)+g(b)+γ
で表される関数の値yを、該期間における上記空気調節器のエネルギー消費量として特定する消費量特定ステップを含むことを特徴としている。
まず、本実施の形態における電力消費量を推定する方法について説明する。
a=x-xs
b=xc-xs
を求める。第1特徴量aが大きい、すなわち部屋の温度xと設定温度xsとの差が大きい場合、該期間の電力消費量yは大きくなると推定できる。また、第2特徴量bが大きい、すなわち空気調節開始時の部屋の温度xcと設定温度xsとの差が大きい場合は、部屋の周囲に蓄えられた熱量が大きいと考えられ、該期間の電力消費量yも大きくなると考えられる。本実施の形態では、第2特徴量bによって、部屋の壁等の蓄熱の影響を考慮したモデルを用いる。なお、部屋の温度xは、外気温および空気調節の影響を受けて期間毎に変化する。よって、第1特徴量aは、電力消費量yに対する、外気温および部屋の温度の時間変化の影響を表す。
ここで、α、β、γは定数である。第1特徴量aおよび第2特徴量bと電力消費量yとの相関を表す定数α、β、γは、実際の測定データに基づいて決定することができる。すなわち、空気調節装置が動作している複数の期間について、各期間(1時間)における部屋の温度xと、各期間における設定温度xsと、各期間の前の空気調節を開始するときの初期温度xcと、各期間の電力消費量yとを測定する。それらの複数の測定データを式(1)に当てはめて、最小二乗法等を用いて、最適なα、β、γを求めることができる。なお、図2に示すように日中だけ空気調節器が動作して夜間は停止する場合、初期温度xcは、同じ日においては共通(その日の運転開始時の部屋の温度)である。なお、もちろん冷房時と暖房時とでは関数の定数α、β、γは異なる値になる。なお、γは0になってもよい。
f(a)およびg(b)は任意の関数である。このような場合も、測定データが十分に多ければ、測定データをその関数で近似することができる。ここで重要なことは、電力消費量yを、第1特徴量aおよび第2特徴量bを変数として表現することである。なお、γは0になってもよい。
次に、本実施の形態の空調情報推定装置の構成について説明する。図3は、空調情報推定装置1の機能的構成を示すブロック図である。
Δxm=min(x)-xm (暖房)
Δxmは、対象日の空気調節がされている間の最高温度max(x)と限界温度xmとの差を表すので、少なくともこれに応じた分の電力消費量を削減可能であったと考えられる。設定温度仮定部7は、Δxmと、設定温度の補正値Δx’とに応じて、対象日の各期間の設定温度xsに対する各期間の仮の設定温度xs’を求める。なお、Δx’の初期値は0である。
xs’=xs-(Δxm-Δx’) (暖房)
以上により、冷房の場合、仮の設定温度xs’の初期値は、部屋の温度xを所定の期間(時刻10:00~18:00)の間、限界温度xm以下に保つような値に設定される。
b’=xc-xs’
そして、電力消費量推定関数を用いて、各期間について、仮の第1特徴量a’および仮の第2の特徴量b’に応じた電力消費量y’を特定する。
電力消費量特定部8は、各期間について特定した電力消費量y’を、改善余地量特定部9に出力する。
各期間の改善余地量Δyは、該期間において設定温度をxsからxs’にすることによって削減できたと推定される電力消費量である。改善余地量特定部9は、各期間の改善余地量Δyを判定部10に出力する。
また、判定部10は、測定データから、対象日について各期間の電力消費量yを足し合わせた累積の電力消費量zを求める。
累積の改善余地量Δzと累積の電力消費量zとの比Δz/zが、設定温度をxsからxs’にした場合の対象日における電力消費量の削減率である。判定部10は、求めた削減率Δz/zが次式を満たすか否かによって、削減率Δz/zが、目標削減率zrおよび許容幅を示す閾値ztによって規定される所定の範囲にあるか否かを判定する。
すなわち、判定部10は、電力消費量の削減率Δz/zと目標削減率zrとの差が、閾値zt以下であるか否かを判定する。判定部10は、判定結果を目標設定温度特定部11に出力する。
以下に、空調情報推定装置1の処理フローについて説明する。図7は、空調情報推定装置1が電力消費量推定関数を特定する処理フローを示す図である。
y=α×a+β×b+γ …(1)
で表される電力消費量推定関数の定数α、β、γを最小二乗法により特定する(S4)。以上で電力消費量推定関数を特定する処理が終了する。
設定温度仮定部7は、Δx’の初期値を0にする。また、二分法のパラメータt1の初期値を0、パラメータt2の初期値をΔxmにする。
最初のこの段階において、限界温度xmと最高温度max(x)とを考慮することにより、仮の設定温度xs’は、空気調節を弱くするように、快適性から許容できる限界の(最も高い)設定温度に設定されている。
b’=xc-xs’
電力消費量特定部8は、記憶部4に記憶されている電力消費量推定関数に基づき、対象日の各期間において、仮の設定温度xs’を適用した場合の電力消費量y’を特定(推定)する(S15)。
改善余地量特定部9は、各期間について、設定温度がxsである場合の実際の電力消費量yと、設定温度がxs’である場合の推定された電力消費量y’との差を電力消費量の改善余地量Δyとして求める(S16)。
判定部10は、対象日における累積の改善余地量Δz、および対象日の累積の電力消費量zを特定する(S17)。
z=Σy
判定部10は、電力消費量の削減率Δz/zと目標削減率zrとの差が、閾値zt以下であるか否かを判定する(S18)。
電力消費量の削減率Δz/zと目標削減率zrとの差が、閾値zt以下である場合(S18でYes)、目標設定温度特定部11は、仮の設定温度xs’を目標設定温度として特定する(S19)。その後、出力部12が、目標設定温度および対応する各期間の改善余地量Δyを、表示装置に表示させて処理を終了する。
なお、補正値Δx’は、二分法に限らず、徐々に補正値Δx’をステップアップさせて決定してもよいし、ニュートン法、または遺伝的アルゴリズム等の他の方法を用いて決定してもよい。
y=α×a+β×b+γ
で表される関数の値yを、上記エネルギー消費量として特定する構成であってもよい。
2 空気調節器
3 取得部
4 記憶部
5 モデル特定部(関数特定部)
6 入力部
7 設定温度仮定部
8 電力消費量特定部(消費量特定部)
9 改善余地量特定部(差特定部)
10 判定部
11 目標設定温度特定部
12 出力部
Claims (11)
- 所定のエリアの空気の温度を設定温度に基づいて調節する空気調節器のエネルギー消費量を推定する空調情報推定装置であって、
上記空気調節器が空気調節を行っている間の所定の期間における上記エリアの空気の温度をxとし、該期間における上記設定温度をxsとし、該期間の前の上記空気調節器が空気調節を開始するときの該エリアの空気の初期温度をxcとしたとき、
a=x-xsである第1特徴量aを変数とする関数f(a)、b=xc-xsである第2特徴量bを変数とする関数g(b)、および定数γを用いて、
y=f(a)+g(b)+γ
で表される関数の値yを、該期間における上記空気調節器のエネルギー消費量として特定する消費量特定部を備えることを特徴とする空調情報推定装置。 - ある期間における上記エリアの空気の温度の測定値と、該期間において設定されていた上記設定温度と、該期間に対応する上記初期温度の測定値と、該期間における上記空気調節器のエネルギー消費量の測定値とを含む測定データを複数の期間について取得し、上記複数の測定データを近似する上記関数f(a)、g(b)および定数γを特定する関数特定部を備え、
上記消費量特定部は、上記関数特定部が特定した上記関数を用いて求めた値yを、上記エネルギー消費量として特定することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の空調情報推定装置。 - 上記関数f(a)およびg(b)は1次関数であり、
上記消費量特定部は、定数α、定数β、および定数γを用いて、
y=α×a+β×b+γ
で表される関数の値yを、上記エネルギー消費量として特定することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の空調情報推定装置。 - ある期間における上記エリアの空気の温度の測定値と、該期間において設定されていた上記設定温度と、該期間に対応する上記初期温度の測定値と、該期間における上記空気調節器のエネルギー消費量の測定値とを含む測定データを、複数の期間について取得し、上記複数の測定データを近似するように上記関数の定数α、定数β、および定数γを特定する関数特定部を備え、
上記消費量特定部は、上記関数特定部が特定した定数α、定数β、および定数γを用いた上記関数より求めた値yを、上記エネルギー消費量として特定することを特徴とする請求項3に記載の空調情報推定装置。 - 上記所定の期間における上記設定温度として仮の設定温度を用いて上記関数より求めた値yと、該期間における上記空気調節器のエネルギー消費量の測定値との差を、エネルギー消費量差として求める差特定部を備えることを特徴とする請求項1から4のいずれか一項に記載の空調情報推定装置。
- 複数の期間について、上記エネルギー消費量差を求め、該複数の期間の上記エネルギー消費量差の累積値が、所定の範囲にあるかを判定する判定部と、
上記エネルギー消費量差の累積値が、上記所定の範囲にある場合、各期間の上記仮の設定温度を各期間の目標設定温度として特定し、上記エネルギー消費量差の累積値が、上記所定の範囲にない場合、上記エネルギー消費量差の累積値が上記所定の範囲に収まるまで各期間の上記仮の設定温度を変更して、各期間の上記目標設定温度を特定する目標設定温度特定部とを備えることを特徴とする請求項5に記載の空調情報推定装置。 - 上記設定温度の所定の限界値と上記所定の期間の空気の温度の測定値との差と、該期間の上記設定温度とに応じて、上記空気調節を弱くするように上記仮の設定温度を仮定する設定温度仮定部を備え、
上記差特定部は、上記設定温度仮定部が仮定した上記仮の設定温度を用いて上記関数より値yを求めることを特徴とする請求項5に記載の空調情報推定装置。 - 上記消費量特定部は、上記空気調節器が空気調節を行っている間の上記所定の期間の最初における上記エリアの空気の温度をxとして、上記エネルギー消費量を特定することを特徴とする請求項1から7のいずれか一項に記載の空調情報推定装置。
- 請求項1から8のいずれか一項に記載の空調情報推定装置を備えた空気調節器。
- 所定のエリアの空気の温度を設定温度に基づいて調節する空気調節器のエネルギー消費量を推定する空調情報推定装置の制御方法であって、
上記空気調節器が空気調節を行っている間の所定の期間における上記エリアの空気の温度をxとし、該期間における上記設定温度をxsとし、該期間の前の上記空気調節器が空気調節を開始するときの該エリアの空気の初期温度をxcとしたとき、
a=x-xsである第1特徴量aを変数とする関数f(a)、b=xc-xsである第2特徴量bを変数とする関数g(b)、および定数γを用いて、
y=f(a)+g(b)+γ
で表される関数の値yを、該期間における上記空気調節器のエネルギー消費量として特定する消費量特定ステップを含むことを特徴とする空調情報推定装置の制御方法。 - 所定のエリアの空気の温度を設定温度に基づいて調節する空気調節器が空気調節を行っている間の所定の期間における上記エリアの空気の温度をxとし、該期間における上記設定温度をxsとし、該期間の前の上記空気調節器が空気調節を開始するときの該エリアの空気の初期温度をxcとしたとき、
a=x-xsである第1特徴量aを変数とする関数f(a)、b=xc-xsである第2特徴量bを変数とする関数g(b)、および定数γを用いて、
y=f(a)+g(b)+γ
で表される関数の値yを、該期間における上記空気調節器のエネルギー消費量として特定する消費量特定ステップをコンピュータに実行させる制御プログラム。
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US13/884,792 US20130268126A1 (en) | 2010-12-28 | 2011-03-23 | Air conditioning information estimation device, control method of air conditioning information estimation device, and control program |
JP2012550742A JP5482913B2 (ja) | 2010-12-28 | 2011-03-23 | 空調情報推定装置、空調情報推定装置の制御方法、および制御プログラム |
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JP2018195238A (ja) * | 2017-05-22 | 2018-12-06 | 富士通株式会社 | 管理装置、データセンタ管理プログラム、データセンタ管理方法及びデータセンタシステム |
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US20130268126A1 (en) | 2013-10-10 |
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CN103221755A (zh) | 2013-07-24 |
JP5482913B2 (ja) | 2014-05-07 |
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