WO2012089081A1 - 一种纳米粒子/聚酰胺复合材料、制备方法及其应用 - Google Patents
一种纳米粒子/聚酰胺复合材料、制备方法及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L77/00—Compositions of polyamides obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic amide link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L77/02—Polyamides derived from omega-amino carboxylic acids or from lactams thereof
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
- B29C48/395—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders
- B29C48/40—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders using two or more parallel screws or at least two parallel non-intermeshing screws, e.g. twin screw extruders
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2/00—Processes or devices for granulating materials, e.g. fertilisers in general; Rendering particulate materials free flowing in general, e.g. making them hydrophobic
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2/00—Processes or devices for granulating materials, e.g. fertilisers in general; Rendering particulate materials free flowing in general, e.g. making them hydrophobic
- B01J2/20—Processes or devices for granulating materials, e.g. fertilisers in general; Rendering particulate materials free flowing in general, e.g. making them hydrophobic by expressing the material, e.g. through sieves and fragmenting the extruded length
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G69/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic amide link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G69/02—Polyamides derived from amino-carboxylic acids or from polyamines and polycarboxylic acids
- C08G69/08—Polyamides derived from amino-carboxylic acids or from polyamines and polycarboxylic acids derived from amino-carboxylic acids
- C08G69/14—Lactams
- C08G69/16—Preparatory processes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G69/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic amide link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G69/02—Polyamides derived from amino-carboxylic acids or from polyamines and polycarboxylic acids
- C08G69/08—Polyamides derived from amino-carboxylic acids or from polyamines and polycarboxylic acids derived from amino-carboxylic acids
- C08G69/14—Lactams
- C08G69/16—Preparatory processes
- C08G69/18—Anionic polymerisation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y40/00—Manufacture or treatment of nanostructures
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K2201/00—Specific properties of additives
- C08K2201/011—Nanostructured additives
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S977/00—Nanotechnology
- Y10S977/70—Nanostructure
- Y10S977/778—Nanostructure within specified host or matrix material, e.g. nanocomposite films
- Y10S977/783—Organic host/matrix, e.g. lipid
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S977/00—Nanotechnology
- Y10S977/84—Manufacture, treatment, or detection of nanostructure
- Y10S977/895—Manufacture, treatment, or detection of nanostructure having step or means utilizing chemical property
- Y10S977/896—Chemical synthesis, e.g. chemical bonding or breaking
- Y10S977/897—Polymerization
Definitions
- Nanoparticle/polyamide composite material preparation method and application thereof
- the invention belongs to the technical field of polymer composite materials, and relates to a nano particle/polyamide composite material, a preparation method thereof and application thereof. Background technique
- Nanomaterials refer to materials with at least one dimension in the three-dimensional range (1-100 nm) in three-dimensional space. Nano-size effects often make such materials exhibit different melting, magnetic, optical, thermal, and conductive properties than bulk materials. Therefore, it can have broad application prospects in the fields of optoelectronic materials, ceramic materials, sensors, semiconductor materials, catalytic materials, medical treatment and the like. However, nanomaterials are often prepared in harsh conditions and costly. Therefore, the preparation of nanocomposites using nanomaterials as additives is an effective means to reduce costs and promote the application of nanomaterials.
- Polyamide is an important class of engineering plastics with good overall properties including mechanical properties, heat resistance, abrasion resistance, chemical resistance and self-lubricating properties, low friction coefficient and easy processing.
- polyamides such as nylon 6, nylon 4, nylon 12, nylon 6/12; such materials have a large number of polar amide bonds, which are very suitable as a matrix material and other inorganic materials to prepare composite materials, especially suitable as nano The matrix of the composite.
- nanoparticles to polyamides often imparts properties that the polyamide does not otherwise possess, such as reinforcement, toughening, abrasion resistance, high temperature resistance, improved processability, functionalization, and the like.
- the obtained magnetic nanoparticle/polyamide composite has a relatively low density and is easily processed into a product having high dimensional accuracy and complex shape, overcoming the original ferrite magnet and rare earth magnet.
- Alnico magnets are hard and brittle, and have poor workability, and cannot be made into defects of complicated and fine-shaped products.
- the blending method refers to mixing nanometer particles and polyamide polymer by solution blending, emulsion blending, melt blending, and mechanical blending.
- the advantage of the blending method is that it is simple and economical.
- the synthesis of nanoparticles and materials is carried out step by step, and the morphology and size of the nanoparticles can be controlled.
- the size of the nanoparticles is small, and the viscosity of the polyamide is high, which is not easily mixed and dispersed, which generally reduces the mechanical properties of the nanoparticle/polyamide composite.
- the sol-gel method is a common method for synthesizing nanomaterials.
- the precursor of the synthesized nanomaterial is dissolved in a solvent, the precursor is hydrolyzed or alcoholyzed to form a sol, and then gelled by solvent evaporation or heating to form a gel.
- Nanoparticles When the nanoparticle/polyamide composite is prepared by the sol-gel method, the precursor of the synthesized nanoparticle is first introduced into the polyamide matrix material, and then directly hydrolyzed and gelled by the precursor in the polyamide matrix. Hook-dispersed nanoparticle/polyamide composites.
- the method is characterized in that it can be carried out under mild reaction conditions, and the two-phase dispersion is more hooked than the blending method.
- the disadvantage is that during the gel drying process, the volatilization of solvent, small molecules and water may cause the material to shrink and brittle.
- the nanoparticle precursor is difficult to introduce into the polymer matrix in a large amount, so the performance improvement of the material is limited. .
- the in-situ polymerization method directly disperses the nanoparticles in the monomer of the synthetic polyamide, and then initiates polymerization of the monomer under certain conditions to form a nanoparticle/polyamide composite.
- the method is an effective method for synthesizing nano-particle/polyamide composite material, and has the advantages that the nano-particle filler is completely independent and controllable, and the polymer matrix has a wide selection range.
- it is prepared by in-situ polymerization.
- nanoparticle/polyamide composites For example, Liu Andong et al.
- the lactam exhibits strong polarity due to the amide bond in the cyclic structure, and can be used as a solvent to disperse inorganic nanomaterials (such as montmorillonite, nano-silica, nano-hydroxyapatite).
- inorganic nanomaterials such as montmorillonite, nano-silica, nano-hydroxyapatite.
- a variety of water-soluble inorganic salts such as AgN0 3 , ZnCl 2 , FeCl 3 , NaOH
- oil-soluble metals or semi-metallic organic compounds such as carbonyl iron, tetraethyl orthosilicate
- a water-soluble inorganic salt or an oil-soluble metal or a semi-metal organic compound is dissolved in a lactam solvent, and then the nano material can be synthesized by an appropriate method.
- a lactam solvent for example, Gao et al. synthesized superparamagnetic ferroferric oxide with a particle size of less than 20 nm by using carbonyl iron and ferric chloride respectively in the solvent of butylactam
- nanoparticle/lactam mixture obtained by using the lactam as a solvent to synthesize the nanomaterial is directly separated into a polyamide polymer without separation, it will be an effective method for preparing the nanoparticle/polyamide composite. means. Summary of the invention
- nanoparticle/polyamide composite material in which the nanoparticle is difficult to be dispersed in the polyamide matrix so that the nanoparticle efficiency cannot be fully exerted and the mechanical properties of the composite material are insufficient.
- the nanoparticles have good dispersibility in the polyamide matrix, stable physical properties, strong interaction between the nanoparticles and the polyamide matrix, and high mechanical properties of the composite.
- the sol-gel method and the in-situ synthesis method have the defects that the nanoparticles are difficult to be uniformly dispersed, and the production cost is high, which is not suitable for large-scale production;
- Another disadvantage of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing a nanoparticle/polyamide composite material, which is a cumbersome process for synthesizing a nanomaterial as a solvent and has a large energy consumption.
- a third object of the present invention is to provide a nanoparticle/polyamide composite material for use as a structural material, a functional polymer material, and a polymer masterbatch.
- the present invention provides a nanoparticle/polyamide composite comprising 0.01 to 99 parts by weight of inorganic nanoparticles and 1 to 99.99 parts by weight of a polyamide matrix.
- the inorganic nanoparticles are preferably from 0.5 to 60 parts by weight.
- the polyamide matrix is preferably 40 to 99.5 parts by weight.
- the polyamide is a polymer or homopolymer formed by polymerizing a lactam as a monomer; further selected from the group consisting of nylon 4, nylon 6, nylon 7, nylon 8, nylon 9, nylon 10, nylon 11, nylon 12, nylon 4 /6, nylon 4/12, nylon 6/10, nylon 6/12 or nylon 4/6/12, preferably nylon 6/12, nylon 6 or nylon 12.
- the lactam structure is:
- caprolactam Selected from butyrolactam, valerolactam, caprolactam, enantholactam, capryllactam, caprolactam, caprolactam, undecanolactam or laurolactam, preferably butyrolactam, caprolactam or laurolactam, More preferred is caprolactam.
- the inorganic nanoparticles are one or more selected from the group consisting of hydroxides, oxides, sulfides, metals or inorganic salts.
- the hydroxide refers to an inorganic compound which is insoluble or slightly soluble in water formed by one or more metal elements and hydroxide, and is further selected from the group consisting of Ni(OH) 2 , Mg(OH) 2 , Al(OH). And one or more substances of 3 Nd(OH) 3 Y(OH) 3 magnesium aluminum hydrotalcite or zinc aluminum hydrotalcite, preferably Mg(OH) 2 or Nd(OH) 3 .
- the oxide refers to an insoluble or slightly water-soluble inorganic compound formed by one or more metal elements or metalloid elements and oxygen, and is further selected from the group consisting of Ag 2 0, ZnO, Cu 2 0, Fe 3 0 4 .
- One or more substances of Si0 2 , MgAl 2 0 4 or CaTi0 3 are preferably Ag 2 0, ZnO, Cu 2 0 or Fe 3 0 4 .
- the sulfide is selected from the group consisting of a metal or metalloid element combined with sulfur, selenium, tellurium, arsenic or antimony to form an insoluble or sparingly soluble inorganic compound, further selected from the group consisting of CuS, ZnS, CdS, CdSe, CdTe, WSe. 2 , one or more substances of CuTe, CoAs 2 or GaAs, preferably ZnS, CdS, CdSe or CdTe.
- the metal is selected from the group consisting of one or more metal elements of the periodic table IIIA, IVA, hydrazine, hydrazine or a ring group, and is insoluble or slightly soluble in water, further selected from the group consisting of Fe, Ni, An alloy or mixture of one or more of Cu, Ag, Pd, Pt, Au or Ru is preferably a Cu, Ag, Au, Pd or Cu-Ag alloy.
- the inorganic salt refers to an inorganic compound which is insoluble or slightly soluble in water formed by a metal element cation and a carbonate, a sulfate, a silicate or a halogen anion, and is further selected from the group consisting of CaCO 3 , MgCO 3 , BaS 0 4 , CaSi 0 3 , One or more substances of AgCl, AgBr or CaF 2 are preferably MgCO 3 , BaSO 4 or AgCl.
- the inorganic nanoparticles are magnetic particles.
- the chemical composition of the magnetic particles is selected from one of Fe 3 0 4 , Ni 3 0 4 , Co 3 0 4 or Mn 3 0 4 .
- the present invention also provides a process for the preparation of the above nanoparticle/polyamide composite, which comprises a hydrolysis polymerization method or an anionic polymerization method.
- the preparation of the nanoparticle/polyamide composite by the hydrolysis polymerization method comprises the following steps: adding a mixture of nanoparticles/lactam to the reactor, the lactam is 100 parts by weight, the nanoparticles are 0.01 to 99 parts by weight, and then added 0.1-20 parts by weight of deionized water, 0.01-5 parts by weight of catalyst and 0.001-1 part by weight of molecular weight regulator, stirred and mixed at 80-100 ° C; the reactor is heated to 120-300 ° C, pressure Constantly in the range of 0.1-3.0 MPa, hydrolysis reaction 0.5-48h; open the reactor to pressure to standard atmospheric pressure; vacuum at 180-300 ° C, stirring for 0.1-10h ; unloading, stripping, cooling, pelletizing, Nanoparticle/polyamide composite.
- the catalyst is a substance capable of ionizing H+, and is further selected from the group consisting of hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, formic acid, acetic acid, aminovaleric acid or aminocaproic acid, preferably aminocaproic acid.
- the molecular weight modifier refers to a monofunctional blocking agent capable of adjusting the molecular weight of the polyamide, and is further selected from an organic monobasic acid or an organic monoamine, preferably acetic acid, caproic acid or hexylamine, more preferably hexanoic acid.
- the anionic polymerization method for preparing a nanoparticle/polyamide composite comprises the following steps:
- the lactam is 100 parts by weight, the nanoparticles are 0.01-99 parts by weight, and the vacuum is taken at 80-200 ° C for 0.1-20 h ; 0.01-10 parts by weight of the catalyst is added, 100-180 ° C vacuum removal of water for 0.1-10 h, according to one of the following three methods to obtain a nanoparticle / polyamide composite:
- the reaction extrusion operation is: a twin-screw inlet is added to the mixture containing the nanoparticles, the lactam, the catalyst and the activator at a rate of 0.1-100 g/min; and the screw speed of the twin-screw extruder is controlled to be 50-500 rpm.
- the temperature is 80-150 °C in Zone I, 120-200 °C in Zone II, 200-240 °C in Zone III, 200-280 °C in Zone IV, 220-280 °C in Zone V, 220-280 °C in Zone VI. , Zone VII 220-250 ° C; extruded material from the outlet after cooling and pelletizing.
- the catalyst is a substance capable of causing a lactam to form an anion active center, and is selected from the group consisting of an alkali metal, an alkali metal hydroxide or an alkali metal organic salt, and further selected from the group consisting of Na, K, NaOH, KOH, NaOCH 3 , NaOC 2 H 5 . , KOC 2 H 5 , sodium butyrolactam, sodium caprolactam, potassium caprolactam or sodium phenoxide, preferably NaOH, NaOC 2 3 ⁇ 4 or sodium caprolactam.
- the activator is a substance capable of lowering the polymerization temperature of the lactam anion, and is further selected from the group consisting of acid chloride, maleic anhydride, isocyanate, N-acyl caprolactam, carbonate or carboxylate, preferably toluene-2,4-diisocyanate (TDI). Or N-acetyl caprolactam.
- the preparation method of the nanoparticle/lactam mixture includes a precipitation method, a sol-gel method or a high temperature pyrolysis method.
- the precipitating method for synthesizing the nanoparticle/lactam mixture comprises the steps of: adding 0.01-100 parts by weight of the precursor and 100 parts by weight of the lactam to the reactor, and stirring at 80-150 ° C for 0.1-2 h to prepare the precursor.
- the solution is fully dissolved or dispersed in a molten lactam solvent, and 0.05-50 parts by weight of a precipitating agent is added under stirring to sufficiently carry out a precipitation reaction at a reaction temperature of 80-250 ° C and a reaction time of 0.1 to 200 h to obtain a nanoparticle/lactam. mixture.
- the lactam solvent has a purity of ⁇ 60% and a moisture content of ⁇ 20%.
- the precursor is selected from the group consisting of a metal cation and a soluble inorganic salt formed by halogen, nitrate, nitrite, sulfate, sulfite or carbonate anion, and further selected from MgCl 2 -6H 2 0, Nd(N0 3 ) 3 -6H 2 0 ⁇ ( ⁇ 0 3 ) 3 ⁇ 6 ⁇ 2 0, A1C1 3 '9H 2 0, Al 2 (S0 4 ) 3 ' 18H 2 0, ZnCl 2 , AgN0 3 , CuS0 4 '5H 2 0, FeCl 2 43 ⁇ 40, FeCl 3 '6H 2 0, Cd(N0 3 ) 2 -2H 2 0 BaCl 2 or PdCl 2 ; or an organic compound selected from a metal or a metalloid, further selected from the group consisting of zinc acetate, iron carbonyl, iron acetylacetonate, Iron oleate, butyl titanate or eth
- the precipitating agent is selected from the group consisting of an alkali metal, an alkali metal hydroxide, an alkali metal organic salt, ammonia, a compound capable of thermally interpreting ammonia release, a soluble inorganic salt formed by a metal element and a halogen element, a metal element and a chalcogen element.
- the alkali metal is further selected from the group consisting of Li, Na or K
- the alkali metal hydroxide is further selected from the group consisting of NaOH or KOH
- the alkali metal organic salt is further selected from the group consisting of sodium methoxide, sodium ethoxide, sodium phenolate, potassium oleate, sodium lactam or potassium caprolactam
- ammonia and a compound capable of thermally interpreting ammonia are further selected from the group consisting of ammonia, ammonia, urea, Ammonium carbonate or ammonium hydrogencarbonate, preferably ammonia water
- the soluble inorganic salt formed by the metal element and the halogen element is further selected from the group consisting of NaCl, KC1, MgCl 2 , CaCl 2 , A1
- the sol-gel method for synthesizing a nanoparticle/lactam mixture comprises the steps of: adding 0.01-100 parts by weight of a hydrolyzable precursor and 100 parts by weight of a lactam to a reactor, and stirring at 80-150 ° C. -2h, the precursor is fully dissolved or dispersed in the molten lactam solvent, and 0.01-50 parts by weight of water is added to carry out hydrolysis reaction to obtain a sol, the hydrolysis reaction temperature is 80-250 ° C, and the hydrolysis reaction time is 0.01-48 h ; The gelation reaction obtains a mixture of nanoparticles/lactam, the gelation reaction temperature is 80-270 ° C, and the gelation reaction time is 0.01-96 h.
- the hydrolyzable precursor is selected from the group consisting of a metal cation and a hydrolyzable inorganic salt or metal organic compound composed of a halogen, a nitrate, a sulfate or an acetate anion, wherein: a metal cation and a halogen, a nitrate, a sulfate or an acetate anion
- the hydrolyzable inorganic salt of the composition is further selected from the group consisting of FeCl 2 '4H 2 0, FeCl 3 , FeCl 3 '6H 2 0, Fe(N0 3 ) 3 '6H 2 0, Fe 2 (S0 4 ) 3 , A1C1 3 , A1C1 3 '6H 2 0, CuS0 4 '5H 2 0, CuCl 2 , CuCl 2 '2H 2 0, TiCl 3 , TiCl 4 or Zn(OAc) 2 '2H 2 0, preferably FeCl 3 _6H
- the lactam solvent has a purity of ⁇ 60% and a water content of ⁇ 30%.
- 0.05-50 parts by weight of a reducing agent is further added after the hydrolysis reaction.
- the high temperature pyrolysis synthesis of the nanoparticle/lactam mixture comprises the following steps: 0.01-100 parts by weight of the pyrolyzable precursor and 100 parts by weight of the lactam are added to the reactor, and stirred at 80-150 ° C. -2h, the precursor is sufficiently dissolved or dispersed in the molten lactam solvent, and the reaction is pyrolyzed at 100 to 270 ° C for 0.1 to 20 hours to obtain a mixture of nanoparticles/lactam.
- the lactam solvent has a purity of ⁇ 90% and a water content of ⁇ 1%, preferably a chemically pure grade or higher.
- the pyrolyzable precursor has a water content of ⁇ 10%, preferably water ⁇ 0.1%; and is selected from a soluble inorganic salt capable of thermal decomposition at not higher than 280 ° C or a metal organic substance capable of thermal decomposition at not higher than 280 ° C.
- the soluble inorganic salt which is thermally decomposable at not higher than 280 ° C is further selected from AgN0 3 , FeCl 3 , Zn(OAc) 2 or TiCl 4 ; and the metal organic substance capable of thermal decomposition at not higher than 280 ° C further It is selected from the group consisting of oleate, levulinate or carbonyl salt, preferably iron oleate, zinc acetylacetonate or iron carbonyl (Fe(CO) 5 ).
- the anion donor is selected from the group consisting of a thermal decomposition at a temperature of ⁇ 280 ° C and a compound capable of producing an anion required for synthesizing a nanomaterial, further selected from the group consisting of trioctylphosphine oxide (0 2 - required to provide a synthetic oxide) or two Tetramethylthiuram sulfide (providing the S 2 - required to synthesize sulfide).
- 0.05-50 parts by weight of a reducing agent is further added in a pyrolysis reaction at 100 to 270 °C.
- the reducing agent is selected from the group consisting of ascorbic acid, potassium borohydride, sodium borohydride, hydrazine, hydrazine hydrate, hydroxylamine or aldehyde-containing organic matter; wherein: the aldehyde-containing organic substance is further selected from the group consisting of formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, glyoxal, benzaldehyde or glucose.
- the sol-gel method or the high temperature pyrolysis method 0.01 to 20 parts by weight of the stabilizer or 0.1 to 80 parts by weight of the insoluble inorganic substance is further added after the lactam is added.
- the stabilizer is selected from the group consisting of an anionic surfactant, a cationic surfactant, an amphoteric surfactant or a nonionic surfactant which modulates the morphology of the synthesized nanomaterial; wherein: the anionic surfactant is further selected from the group consisting of dodecylsulfonic acid Sodium, sodium alkylbenzene sulfonate or sodium oleate; cationic surfactant further selected from tetrapropylammonium hydroxide, tetrapropylammonium bromide, tetra Propyl ammonium chloride, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, cetyltrimethylammonium chloride or dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide; the amphoteric surfactant is further selected from dodecyl Ethoxysulfobetaine, octadecyldihydroxyethylamine oxide or octadecylamide prop
- the insoluble inorganic substance refers to a substance as a carrier or attachment point of a synthetic nano material, and is further selected from activated carbon, graphene, carbon fiber, carbon nanotube, molecular sieve, smectite clay, diatomaceous earth, glass fiber or glass micro. ball.
- the method of synthesizing a nanoparticle/lactam mixture suitable for use as a solvent also includes a combination of a precipitation method, a sol-gel method, or a high temperature pyrolysis method.
- a method for preparing a nanoparticle/polyamide composite comprising the steps of:
- Magnetic precursor/polymer monomer solution to remove water and impurities The solution prepared in the step (1) is subjected to a vacuum treatment at 100 to 200 ° C under vacuum for 10 to 30 minutes to remove a small amount of water contained in the raw material. Low boiling point impurities;
- the magnetic precursor/polymer monomer solution reaction system obtained in the step (2) is passed through a nitrogen gas to a standard atmospheric pressure, and 0.5 to 10 parts by weight of the alkali is rapidly added. The temperature is raised to 100 ⁇ 200 ° C, and the vacuum treatment is carried out under vacuum for 0.5 ⁇ 3 h to obtain a magnetic particle/polymer monomer magnetic fluid;
- Magnetic particle/polymer monomer magnetic fluid in-situ polymerization The magnetic particle/polymer monomer magnetic fluid is cooled to 100-180 ° C, 0.2 ⁇ 1.0 parts by weight of polymerization activator is added, and the mixture is quickly stirred and mixed. Polymerization reaction at 120 ⁇ 200 °C for 0.2-2h;
- the material prepared in the step (4) is pulverized and extracted with water for 4 to 16 hours to remove unpolymerized polymer monomers, oligomers, and soluble inorganic salts, and sufficiently dried at 60 to 80 ° C to obtain Magnetic composite polymer material.
- the magnetic precursor is selected from one or more of a divalent soluble salt or a trivalent soluble salt of a magnetic metal Fe, Co, Ni or Mn, further selected from FeCl 2 /Fe 2 (S0 4 ) 3 , FeCl 2 4H 2 0 /FeCl 3 '6H 2 0 or MnCl 2 /MnCl 3 ; preferably FeCl 2 4H 2 0/FeCl 3 .6H 2 0 ; divalent metal ion and trivalent metal in magnetic precursor
- the molar ratio of ions is from 0.3 to 1.0, preferably 0.67.
- the amount of the magnetic precursor added determines the particle size, the mass percentage and the saturation magnetization of the magnetic particles in the magnetic composite polymer material; the more the amount of the magnetic precursor, the larger the particle diameter of the magnetic particles Large, the higher the mass fraction, the greater the saturation magnetization of the composite.
- the polymer monomer refers to a raw material corresponding to a synthetic polymer, and the polymer monomer corresponding to nylon 6 is caprolactam, and the polymer monomer corresponding to nylon 4 is ⁇ -pyrrolidone or nylon 4/6. A mixture of alpha-pyrrolidone and caprolactam.
- the base is selected from one of an alkali metal, an alkali metal hydroxide or an alkali metal alkoxide, and is further selected from one of Na, K, NaOH, KOH, NaOC 2 H 5 or KOC 2 H 5 .
- the polymerization activator is selected from the group consisting of one or more of an acid chloride, an acid anhydride, an isocyanate or an acyl caprolactam, and is further selected from the group consisting of benzoyl chloride, maleic anhydride, toluene-2,4-diisocyanate or acetylcaprolactam. .
- the present invention also provides an application of the above nanoparticle/polyamide composite as a structural material, a functional polymer material or a high molecular weight masterbatch.
- the method of using the nanoparticle/polyamide composite as a structural material is as follows:
- Breaking nanoparticle/polyamide composites (mainly for bulk materials such as cast composites), 0-100 ° C water Boiled from 0 to 100 h, filtered and dried at 50-200 ° C for 0-48 h to obtain a purified nanoparticle/polyamide composite, which was injection molded or spun into a product.
- the injection molding conditions are as follows: melting temperature 220-300 ° C, injection pressure 750-1250 bar, holding time l-120 s, mold temperature 20-100 ° C.
- the spinning conditions are: a melting temperature of 180-250 ° C, a spinning head temperature of 240-280 ° C, a pressure of 3.0-3.5 MPa, and an outlet air-cooling temperature of 5-100 ° C.
- the method for using the nanoparticle/polyamide composite as a functional polymer material is as follows:
- Nanoparticle/polyamide composite material is crushed (mainly for bulk materials, such as cast composite materials), boiled at 0-100 ° C for 0-100 h, filtered and dried at 50-200 ° C for 0-48 h to obtain purified.
- Nanoparticle/polyamide composite material which is made into functional polymer material by injection molding or spinning.
- the injection molding conditions are as follows: melting temperature 220-300 ° C, injection pressure 750-1250 bar, holding time l-120 s, mold temperature 20-100 ° C.
- the spinning conditions are: a melting temperature of 180-250 ° C, a spinning head temperature of 240-280 ° C, a pressure of 3.0-3.5 MPa, and an outlet air-cooling temperature of 5-100 ° C.
- Functional polymers refer to a class of materials with special functions (such as light, electricity, magnetism) and polyamide composites.
- the processing method is consistent with the structural materials; but it can be applied to special fields.
- nano-Fe 3 0 4 /polyamide composites can be applied to magnetic separation and electromagnetic shielding; nano-silver/polyamide composites can be applied to conductive and antibacterial materials.
- the method for using the nanoparticle/polyamide composite as a polymer masterbatch is as follows:
- the nanoparticle/polyamide composite material is crushed (mainly for bulk materials, such as cast composite materials), boiled at 0-100 ° C for 0-100 h, filtered and dried at 50-200 ° C for 0-48 h to obtain a polymer. Masterbatch.
- a novel method for preparing a nanocomposite comprising the steps of:
- 1-100 parts by weight of the polymer masterbatch prepared above is melt-blended with 100 parts by weight of a thermoplastic or elastomer at 150-280 ° C to prepare a new nanocomposite to improve mechanical properties, color or introduce new functions. .
- the thermoplastic is selected from the group consisting of polyamide, polyester, polyolefin or polycarbonate, wherein: the polyamide is further selected from nylon 6 or nylon 66; the polyester is further selected from PET, PPT or PBT; the polyolefin is further selected from PE , PP or ethylene-propylene copolymer.
- the elastomer is selected from the group consisting of ethylene propylene rubber or butadiene-styrene-butadiene copolymer.
- the present invention provides a magnetic composite polymer material comprising magnetic particles and a high molecular polymer having a saturation magnetization of 0.5 to 10 emu/g, a magnetic particle content of 0.5 to 15% by weight, and a particle diameter of 20 to 200 nm.
- the chemical composition of the magnetic particles is selected from one of Fe 3 0 4 , Ni 3 0 4 , Co 3 0 4 or Mn 3 0 4 .
- the high molecular polymer is selected from a mixture of one or more of a homopolymer or a copolymer formed by a ring opening polymerization of a lactam or an ⁇ -pyrrolidone monomer, and is further selected from nylon 6, nylon 4 or nylon 4/. One or more mixtures of 6.
- the invention also provides a preparation method of the above magnetic composite polymer material, the method comprising the following steps:
- Magnetic precursor/polymer monomer solution to remove water and impurities The solution prepared in the step (1) is subjected to a vacuum treatment at 100 to 200 ° C under vacuum for 10 to 30 minutes to remove a small amount of water contained in the raw material. Low boiling point impurities;
- Step (3) Preparation of Magnetic Particle/Polymer Monomer Magnetic Fluid: Reverse the Magnetic Precursor/Polymer Monomer Solution Obtained in Step (2) According to the system, nitrogen gas is introduced to the standard atmospheric pressure, 0.5 ⁇ 10 parts by weight of alkali is rapidly added, the temperature is raised to 100 ⁇ 200 °C, and the vacuum condition is refluxed for 0.5 ⁇ 3 hours to obtain magnetic particles/polymer monomer magnetic fluid;
- Magnetic particle/polymer monomer magnetic fluid in-situ polymerization The magnetic particle/polymer monomer magnetic fluid is cooled to 100-180 ° C, 0.2 ⁇ 1.0 parts by weight of polymerization activator is added, and the mixture is quickly stirred and mixed. Polymerization reaction at 120 ⁇ 200 °C for 0.2-2h;
- the material prepared in the step (4) is pulverized and extracted with water for 4 to 16 hours to remove unpolymerized polymer monomers, oligomers, and soluble inorganic salts, and sufficiently dried at 60 to 80 ° C to obtain Magnetic composite polymer material.
- the magnetic precursor is selected from one or more of a divalent soluble salt or a trivalent soluble salt of a magnetic metal Fe, Co, Ni or Mn, and is further selected from the group consisting of FeCl 2 /Fe 2 ( S0 4 ) 3 , FeCl 2 4H 2 0 /FeCl 3 '6H 2 0 or MnCl 2 /MnCl 3 ; considering the cost, the solubility of the metal salt and the saturation magnetization of the composite, the best precursor for the experimental screening It is FeCl 2 4H 2 0/FeCl 3 .6H 2 0; the molar ratio of the divalent metal ion to the trivalent metal ion in the magnetic precursor is 0.3 to 1.0, preferably 0.67.
- the amount of the magnetic precursor added determines the particle size, the mass percentage and the saturation magnetization of the magnetic particles in the magnetic composite polymer material; the more the amount of the magnetic precursor, the larger the particle diameter of the magnetic particles Large, the higher the mass fraction, the greater the saturation magnetization of the composite.
- the polymer monomer refers to a raw material corresponding to a synthetic polymer, and the polymer monomer corresponding to nylon 6 is caprolactam, and the polymer monomer corresponding to nylon 4 is ⁇ -pyrrolidone or nylon 4/6. A mixture of alpha-pyrrolidone and caprolactam.
- the base is selected from one of an alkali metal, an alkali metal hydroxide or an alkali metal alkoxide, and is further selected from one of Na, K, NaOH, KOH, NaOC 2 H 5 or KOC 2 3 ⁇ 4.
- the polymerization activator is selected from the group consisting of one or more of an acid chloride, an acid anhydride, an isocyanate or an acyl caprolactam, and is further selected from the group consisting of benzoyl chloride, maleic anhydride, toluene-2,4-diisocyanate (TDI) or Acetyl caprolactam.
- the present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
- the nanoparticle/polyamide composite material of the invention not only has the unique function of the nano material, but also maintains the advantages of good mechanical properties of the polymer matrix and easy processing and molding.
- the nanoparticles have good dispersibility in the polyamide matrix and stable physical properties, and the interaction between the nanoparticles and the polymer matrix is strong.
- the raw material used in the synthesis method of the invention has low cost, simple production equipment and green environmental protection, and is suitable for large-scale industrial production.
- the preparation method of the nanoparticle/polyamide composite material of the invention has wide application range, and the type and performance of the composite material can be modulated by controlling the type of the nanoparticle material, the lactam component and the reaction conditions.
- the nanoparticle/polyamide composite prepared by the invention can be used as a structural material, a functional material and a polymer masterbatch, and can be directly applied or added to other polymer materials to be made into various products, and is widely used in electronics and electrical. , instrumentation, communication, culture, education, health care and daily life. DRAWINGS
- Fig. 1 is a view showing the X-ray diffraction pattern of the nano-Ag/nylon 6 composite synthesized by the method of Example 14.
- Figure 2 is a schematic diagram showing the transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of the synthesized nano-Ag/nylon 6 composite after cryo-sectioning by the method of Example 14.
- TEM transmission electron microscopy
- Figure 3 is a schematic view showing the transmission electron microscope (TEM) of the synthesized Fe 3 0 4 /nylon 6 composite material after frozen ultrathin sectioning by the method of Example 17.
- Figure 4 is a graph showing the magnetization curve measured by the vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) of the composite Fe 3 0 4 /nylon 6 composite material by the method of Example 17. detailed description
- the nano Mg(OH) 2 /caprolactam mixture obtained in the previous step was added to 50 g of deionized water and lg aminocaproic acid, 0.08 g of a molecular weight regulator, caproic acid, and mechanically stirred and mixed at 80 ° C.
- Nano-Mg(OH) 2 /nylon 6 composite material was obtained after unloading, pulling, cooling and pelletizing.
- Nano-Mg (OH) 2 / PA6 hook composite material are dispersed Mg (OH) 2 with a thickness of about 10nm, 80nm rules about the major axis of hexagonal tabular nanoparticles, flame retardant composites results For the V-0 level.
- the nano Mg(OH) 2 /caprolactam mixture obtained in the previous step was added with 5 g of deionized water and 10 g of aminocaproic acid, and 0.08 g of a molecular weight regulator, caproic acid, and mechanically stirred and mixed at 80 ° C.
- Nano-Mg(OH) 2 /nylon 6 composite material was obtained after unloading, pulling, cooling and pelletizing.
- Nd(NO 3 ) 3 , 6H 2 O and 100g of caprolactam were added to the reactor, the purity of caprolactam was ⁇ 60%, and the water content was ⁇ 20%.
- Nd(N0 3 ) 3 63 ⁇ 40 was sufficiently dissolved in the molten caprolactam solvent.
- 3 g of NaOH was quickly added under stirring, and reacted at 200 ° C for 24 hours to obtain a nano Nd(H) 3 /caprolactam mixture.
- the nano Nd(OH) 3 /caprolactam mixture prepared in the previous step was dehydrated in water at 150 ° C for 30 min, and Ig NaOH was added at 150 ° C for 30 min. After cooling to 120 ° C, 0.5 g of toluene-2,4-di was added.
- the isocyanate (TDI) was quickly mixed in 30 s and then transferred into a nitrogen-protected mold and polymerized at 170 ° C for 0.5 h. After the completion of the polymerization reaction, the mold is released to room temperature, and the cast nano-Nd(OH) 3 /nylon 6 composite material can be directly obtained.
- the yield of the nylon 6 is 90%, and the average length of the rod-shaped Nd(OH) 3 nanoparticles is uniformly dispersed. It is about 50 nm and has a diameter of about 9 nm.
- the nano-Nd(OH) 3 /nylon 6 composite was crushed, boiled at 100 ° C for 48 h, filtered and dried at 120 ° C for 24 h to obtain a purified nanoparticle/polyamide composite, which was injection molded into structural parts.
- the injection molding conditions are: melting temperature 235 ° C, injection pressure 1000 bar, holding time 10 s, mold temperature 50 ° C.
- the tensile strength and notched impact strength of the injection molded spline test according to the American ASTM standard were 80.2 and 9.5 kJ/m 2 , respectively (tensile and impact properties were tested according to ASTM-D638 and D6110 standards, respectively).
- the nano ZnO/caprolactam mixture obtained in the previous step was evacuated at 150 ° C for 1 h to sufficiently remove water and remove low-boiling impurities.
- the nano-ZnO/(caprolactam + laurolactam) prepared in the previous step was dehydrated in water at 150 ° C for 30 min, and lg NaOH 15 was added (TC was continuously vacuumed for 30 min, cooled to 120 ° C and then added with lg toluene-2,4-di Isocyanate (TDI), quickly mixed in 30s, transferred to a nitrogen-protected mold, and polymerized at 170 ° C for 0.5 h. After the polymerization was completed, the mold was released to room temperature to obtain a nano-ZnO/nylon 6/12 composite.
- the polyamide matrix in the nanocomposite is a copolymer of caprolactam and laurolactam, and the ZnO nanoparticles are about 15 nm in diameter and are dispersed in a nylon 6/12 polymer matrix.
- the granular nano-Fe 2 O 3 /nylon 6 composite obtained by reactive extrusion was boiled at 80 ° C for 12 h to remove monomers and by-products, and dried at 100 ° C for 24 h to obtain nano Fe 2 O 3 /nylon 6 composite.
- the color of the nano-Fe 2 0 3 /nylon 6 composite material as a color masterbatch color is full, the color is full, the color is stable, and the color masterbatch does not affect the mechanical properties of the material, the tensile strength and the notched impact strength are still It can be maintained at 69.5 and 11.2 kJ/m 2 (test results according to ASTM-D638 and D6110, respectively).
- the nano-SiO 2 /caprolactam mixture obtained in the previous step was evacuated at 150 ° C for 1 h to sufficiently remove water and remove low-boiling impurities.
- the cast-type nano-SiO 2 /nylon 6 composite material can be directly applied to structural parts, and is suitable for use in stressed and wear-resistant parts. It is especially suitable for industrial trolley rollers and luggage rolls, and the wear resistance of the products is better than that of ordinary casting. Type nylon 6 is increased by 30%.
- nano Ti0 2 /caprolactam mixture prepared in the previous step was added with 50 g of deionized water and 10 g of aminocaproic acid and O. lg hexanoic acid, and mechanically stirred and mixed at 80 ° C.
- Nano-Ti0 2 /nylon 6 composite material was obtained after unloading, pulling, cooling and dicing.
- the yield of nylon 6 was 70%
- the Ti0 2 was anatase.
- the ore crystal form has a crystal grain diameter of about 5 nm.
- nano-Ti0 2 /nylon 6 composite was boiled at 80 ° C for 24 h to remove the monomers, oligomers and by-products, and dried at 120 ° C for 24 h to obtain a refined nano Ti0 2 /nylon 6 composite.
- the refined nano Ti0 2 /nylon 6 composite material is injection molded into structural parts.
- the injection molding conditions are: melting temperature 235 ° C, injection pressure 1000 bar, holding time 10 s, mold temperature 50 ° C.
- the tensile strength and notched impact strength of the injection molded spline test according to the American ASTM standard were 60.8 and 6.4 kJ/m 2 , respectively (tensile and impact properties were tested according to ASTM-D638 and D6110 standards, respectively).
- the composite material has strong UV absorption properties, especially for 200-500 nm wavelength light; it exhibits good light aging resistance, 50 ° C, humidity 60, 300 nm wavelength in the UV accelerated aging chamber. Accelerated aging for 30 days, the surface color of the product did not become significantly deeper.
- the nano ZnS/caprolactam mixture obtained in the previous step was evacuated at 150 ° C for 1 hour to sufficiently remove water and remove low-boiling impurities.
- the nano CdTe/caprolactam mixture obtained in the previous step was evacuated at 150 ° C for 1 h to sufficiently remove water and remove low boiling impurities.
- the nano AgCl/caprolactam mixture obtained in the previous step was evacuated at 150 ° C for 1 h to sufficiently remove water and remove low-boiling impurities.
- the nano Ag/caprolactam mixture prepared in the previous step was evacuated at 150 ° C for 30 min to remove low-boiling by-products. Add Ig NaOH and continue to vacuum at 150 ° C for 30 min, after cooling to 140 ° C, add 0.5 g of toluene-2,4-diisocyanate (TDI), mix quickly in 30s and then transfer to a nitrogen-protected mold at 170 ° C polymerization reaction for 0.5 h. After the completion of the polymerization reaction, the mold was released to room temperature, and the cast nano-Ag/nylon 6 composite material was directly obtained, and the yield of nylon 6 was 95%.
- TDI toluene-2,4-diisocyanate
- XRD X-ray diffraction pattern
- TEM 2 is a photograph taken by a transmission electron microscope (TEM) after the ultra-thin section of the nano-Ag/nylon 6 composite material synthesized by the method of the present embodiment, and the observation results show that the Ag nanoparticles having an average particle diameter of about 6 nm are highly uniformly dispersed. In the nylon 6 matrix.
- TEM transmission electron microscope
- the cast-type nano-Ag/nylon 6 composite material was pulverized and extracted with water at 100 ° C for 12 hours to remove unpolymerized polymer monomers, oligomers, and soluble inorganic salts, and then sufficiently dried at 100 ° C. A refined granular nano-Ag/nylon 6 composite material was obtained.
- the composite material can be melt-spun to form an antibacterial or antistatic fiber.
- the spinning conditions are: a melting temperature of 240 ° C, a spinning head temperature of 275 ° C, a pressure of 3.0 MPa, and an outlet air-cooling temperature of 20 ° C.
- the obtained nano-Ag/nylon 6 antibacterial functional fiber has a diameter of 20 ⁇ m, and the antibacterial rate is >99.9% according to the AATCC-100 standard; after boiling at 80 ° C for 8 h, 80 ° C for 16 h, the sample remains antibacterial after 10 cycles of circulation. The rate is >99.0%.
- the cast-type nano-Ag/nylon 6 composite material was pulverized and extracted at 80 ° C for 12 h, and the unpolymerized polymer monomer, oligomer, and soluble inorganic salt were removed, and then dried at 120 ° C. A high quality granular nano-Ag/nylon 6 composite was obtained.
- the nano Ag glass microsphere/caprolactam mixture obtained in the previous step was evacuated at 150 ° C for 1 h to sufficiently remove water and remove low boiling point impurities.
- the cast type nano-Ag glass microspheres/nylon 6 composite material was pulverized and extracted with water for 12 hours to remove unpolymerized polymer monomers, oligomers, soluble inorganic salts, and then dried sufficiently at 120 ° C. , to obtain high quality granular nano-Ag/nylon 6 composite.
- the nano Pd/caprolactam mixture obtained in the previous step was evacuated at 150 ° C for 1 h to sufficiently remove water and remove low boiling impurities.
- the Pd/nylon 6 composite material has a yield of 95.5% for nylon 6, and an average particle diameter of 6 nm for nano-Pd, which is uniformly dispersed in the nylon 6 matrix.
- the cast type nano Pd/nylon 6 composite material was pulverized and extracted with water for 12 hours to remove unpolymerized polymer monomers, oligomers, and soluble inorganic salts, and then sufficiently dried at 120 ° C to obtain high quality.
- Granular nano Pd/nylon 6 composite was pulverized and extracted with water for 12 hours to remove unpolymerized polymer monomers, oligomers, and soluble inorganic salts.
- Nano-Pd/nylon 6 composite catalyst was applied to the model reaction of hydrogenation of cinnamaldehyde to phenylpropanal.
- the reaction temperature was 50 ° C
- the partial pressure of hydrogen was 0.2 MPa
- the amount of catalyst added was 2%
- the conversion was 90%, and the product was selected to be 98% phenylpropanal.
- the fibrous nano Pd/nylon 6 composite catalyst is easy to separate and can be recycled; after 10 uses, the catalytic conversion rate can be maintained above 80%, and the selectivity is not lower than 90%.
- 100 g of caprolactam, 3.2 g of FeCl 2 43 ⁇ 40 and 6.5 g of FeCl 6H 2 0 were weighed into the flask, vacuumed, deoxygenated three times with nitrogen, and then warmed to the melting point of caprolactam at 80 ° C for 30 min to make FeCl 2 '4H 2 0 and FeCl 3 '6H 2 0 were sufficiently dissolved in caprolactam to form a dark brown solution.
- FeCl 2 -4H 2 0 and FeCl 3 _63 ⁇ 40/caprolactam solution remove water and remove impurities.
- the solution prepared in the step (1) was refluxed at 150 ° C in an evacuated air condenser tube for 20 minutes to remove a small amount of water and low-boiling impurities contained in the raw material.
- Step (2) Preparation of Fe 3 0 4 magnetic nanoparticles / caprolactam magnetic fluid.
- Step (2) fully dehydrated FeCl 2 43 ⁇ 40 and FeCl 3 63 ⁇ 40 / caprolactam solution, pass nitrogen to standard atmospheric pressure, cool to 90 ° C, add 5g NaOH powder, quickly seal, vacuum and warm to 150 ° C The air condenser was refluxed for 1.5 h to obtain a nano Fe 3 0 4 /caprolactam mixture.
- the material prepared in the step (4) is pulverized and extracted with water for 12 hours to remove unpolymerized polymer monomers, oligomers, and soluble inorganic salts, and then sufficiently dried at 120 ° C to obtain high-quality nanometers.
- Fe 3 0 4 / nylon 6 composite material, the purified composite material can be used in medical and health, food packaging and other fields.
- nylon 6 Based on the amount of unpolymerized monomers and oligomers extracted, the yield of nylon 6 was calculated to be 98%.
- 3 is a photograph taken by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of a composite Fe 3 0 4 /nylon 6 composite material synthesized by the method of the present embodiment, and the observation results show that Fe 3 0 4 particles having an average particle diameter of about lOnm. The hooks are dispersed in the nylon 6 matrix.
- 4 is a magnetization curve measured by a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) of a composite Fe 3 0 4 /nylon 6 composite material according to the method of the present embodiment.
- VSM vibrating sample magnetometer
- the magnetization curve coincides with the demagnetization curve to indicate that the composite material has superparamagnetism; the saturation magnetization is 0.8emu/g, in addition, the composite material is magnetically stable for a long time in an air atmosphere lower than 80 ° C; the polymer matrix nylon 6 has a number average molecular weight of about 100,000, and is suitable for applications such as electromagnetic shielding and magnetic separation.
- the nano Ag/caprolactam mixture obtained in the previous step was evacuated at 150 ° C for 1 h to sufficiently remove water and remove low boiling impurities.
- the nano Fe 3 0 4 /caprolactam mixture prepared in the previous step was vacuumed at 150 ° C for 1 h to sufficiently remove water and remove low-boiling impurities.
- the nano-Cu//caprolactam mixture obtained in the previous step was evacuated at 150 ° C for 1 hour to sufficiently remove water and remove low-boiling impurities.
- MnCl 2 and B MnCl 3 / caprolactam solution remove water and remove impurities.
- the solution prepared in the step (1) was subjected to vacuum treatment at 160 ° C for 30 minutes to remove a small amount of water and low-boiling impurities contained in the raw material.
- step (3) Preparation of Mn 3 0 4 magnetic particles / caprolactam magnetic fluid.
- the MnCl 2 and B MnCl 3 /caprolactam solution is fully dehydrated, nitrogen gas is introduced to the standard atmospheric pressure, 7.5 g of NaOH powder is added, and the mixture is rapidly sealed, and the temperature is raised to 160 ° C. After empty treatment for 2.5 h, a magnetic particle of Mn 3 0 4 / caprolactam magnetic fluid was obtained.
- the material prepared in the step (4) is pulverized and extracted with water for 14 hours to remove the unpolymerized polymer monomer, the oligomer, and the soluble inorganic salt, and then sufficiently dried at 80 ° C to obtain Mn 3 0. 4 magnetic particle / nylon 6 composite polymer material, polymer matrix nylon 6 yield was 92%.
- the purified composite material can be applied to fields requiring high purity, such as medical magnetic polymers, and is advantageous for subsequent processing.
- the magnetic particles in the obtained composite material have a particle diameter of about 60 to 170 nm, a content of 11.2% by weight, a saturation magnetization of the composite material of 1.2 emu/g, and a magnetic stability for a long time in an air atmosphere of less than 80 ° C;
- the molecular matrix nylon 6 has a number average molecular weight of about 60,000.
- FeCl 2 -4H 2 0 and FeCl 3 , 6H 2 0/a-pyrrolidone solutions remove water and remove impurities.
- the solution prepared in the step (1) was subjected to vacuum treatment at 200 ° C for 30 minutes to remove a small amount of water and low-boiling impurities contained in the raw material.
- Step (2) Preparation of Fe 3 0 4 magnetic particles/a-pyrrolidone magnetic fluid.
- Step (2) fully dehydrated FeCl 2 4H 2 0 and FeCl 3 , 63 ⁇ 40/a-pyrrolidone solution, pass nitrogen to standard atmospheric pressure, cool down to 80 ° C, add 8g KOH powder, quickly seal, heat up to 200 °C, vacuum treatment for 3h, to obtain Fe 3 0 4 magnetic particles / a-pyrrolidone magnetic fluid.
- the magnetic particles of the obtained nano Fe 3 0 4 /nylon 4 magnetic composite polymer material have a particle diameter of about 100-160 nm, a content of 8.0 wt%, and a saturation magnetization of the composite material of 6.5 emu/g and less than 80°.
- the magnetic properties of C are stable for a long time in the air atmosphere; the molecular matrix nylon 4 has a number average molecular weight of about 40,000.
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JP2013546577A JP2014501309A (ja) | 2010-12-28 | 2011-12-26 | ナノ粒子/ポリアミド複合材料、調製方法及びその応用 |
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CN102585493A (zh) | 2012-07-18 |
KR101582132B1 (ko) | 2016-01-04 |
US9355765B2 (en) | 2016-05-31 |
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EP2660268A1 (en) | 2013-11-06 |
JP2014501309A (ja) | 2014-01-20 |
KR20130108453A (ko) | 2013-10-02 |
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US20140048738A1 (en) | 2014-02-20 |
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