WO2012088683A1 - 多孔石墨烯材料及其制备方法和作为电极材料的应用 - Google Patents
多孔石墨烯材料及其制备方法和作为电极材料的应用 Download PDFInfo
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- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 255
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 226
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 126
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 24
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 73
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- -1 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 20
- 229920000620 organic polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical group O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000011089 carbon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 10
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000003384 small molecules Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004205 dimethyl polysiloxane Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920000435 poly(dimethylsiloxane) Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium bicarbonate Chemical compound [NH4+].OC([O-])=O ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000001099 ammonium carbonate Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000012501 ammonium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000012286 potassium permanganate Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-acetylene Natural products C#C HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920001197 polyacetylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 229940116318 copper carbonate Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- GEZOTWYUIKXWOA-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper;carbonate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-]C([O-])=O GEZOTWYUIKXWOA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920006389 polyphenyl polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-bromo-2-fluorophenyl)acetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC1=CC=CC(Br)=C1F PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- USFZMSVCRYTOJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium acetate Chemical compound N.CC(O)=O USFZMSVCRYTOJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005695 Ammonium acetate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940043376 ammonium acetate Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019257 ammonium acetate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- MRYQZMHVZZSQRT-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetramethylazanium;acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O.C[N+](C)(C)C MRYQZMHVZZSQRT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 abstract description 14
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 abstract description 13
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 27
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 27
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 18
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 16
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 13
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- NWZSZGALRFJKBT-KNIFDHDWSA-N (2s)-2,6-diaminohexanoic acid;(2s)-2-hydroxybutanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](O)CC(O)=O.NCCCC[C@H](N)C(O)=O NWZSZGALRFJKBT-KNIFDHDWSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 7
- IKDUDTNKRLTJSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrazine monohydrate Substances O.NN IKDUDTNKRLTJSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 7
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000013590 bulk material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000009489 vacuum treatment Methods 0.000 description 6
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000002161 passivation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 3
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000265 Polyparaphenylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Terephthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CREMABGTGYGIQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon carbon Chemical compound C.C CREMABGTGYGIQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011203 carbon fibre reinforced carbon Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- YWEUIGNSBFLMFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphosphonate Chemical compound O=P(=O)OP(=O)=O YWEUIGNSBFLMFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DLYUQMMRRRQYAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorus pentoxide Inorganic materials O1P(O2)(=O)OP3(=O)OP1(=O)OP2(=O)O3 DLYUQMMRRRQYAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium persulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910014033 C-OH Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910014570 C—OH Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000005693 optoelectronics Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000005702 oxyalkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000012254 powdered material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012279 sodium borohydride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000033 sodium borohydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000967 suction filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005979 thermal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001132 ultrasonic dispersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/22—Electrodes
- H01G11/30—Electrodes characterised by their material
- H01G11/32—Carbon-based
- H01G11/36—Nanostructures, e.g. nanofibres, nanotubes or fullerenes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y30/00—Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y40/00—Manufacture or treatment of nanostructures
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/15—Nano-sized carbon materials
- C01B32/182—Graphene
- C01B32/184—Preparation
- C01B32/19—Preparation by exfoliation
- C01B32/192—Preparation by exfoliation starting from graphitic oxides
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/583—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
- H01M4/587—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx for inserting or intercalating light metals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2006/00—Physical properties of inorganic compounds
- C01P2006/12—Surface area
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2006/00—Physical properties of inorganic compounds
- C01P2006/16—Pore diameter
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/133—Electrodes based on carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/13—Energy storage using capacitors
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an electrode material, and more particularly to a porous graphene material, a method for preparing the same, and an application as an electrode material.
- Single-layer graphene has a large specific surface area, excellent electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, and low coefficient of thermal expansion.
- its high conductivity properties, large specific surface properties and its two-dimensional nanoscale structural properties of monolayers can be used as electrode materials in supercapacitors and lithium ion batteries.
- the porous graphene material is composed of a multi-layer graphene monolayer structure, has high mechanical strength, is not easy to agglomerate, and thus has broad application prospects.
- a porous graphene material having a pore diameter of 1 nm to 10 ⁇ m and a specific surface area of 100 m 2 /g to 2000 m 2 /g.
- the porous graphene material has a pore diameter of 50 nm to 10 ⁇ m, and the total volume is 20% to 40%, and 2 nm to 50 nm. It accounts for 35% ⁇ 55% of the total volume, and 1nm ⁇ 2nm accounts for 20% ⁇ 25% of the total volume.
- the pore size of the porous material is graphene 2 ⁇ 50nm, specific surface area of 150m 2 / g ⁇ 1000m 2 / g.
- the porous graphene material has a pore specific surface area of from 150 m 2 /g to 2500 m 2 /g.
- a method for preparing a porous graphene material comprising the steps of:
- the porous graphene material is obtained by heating the composite to release a gas from the pore former.
- the pore forming agent is dry ice, and the heating temperature vaporizes the dry ice.
- the pore former has a decomposition temperature lower than 2000 ° C
- the organic polymer material or the organic small molecule material such that the pore former in the composite releases a gas by heating the composite to 500 ⁇ 2000 °C, the organic polymer material or organic small molecular material is thermally decomposed to release gas.
- the organic polymer material is polycarbonate pellet, polystyrene pellet, polypropylene pellet, polyacetylene pellet, polyphenylene pellet, polydimethylsiloxane pellet, polycarbonate One or more of ester nanoparticles, polystyrene nanoparticles, polypropylene nanoparticles, polyacetylene nanoparticles, polyphenyl nanoparticles, and polydimethylsiloxane nanoparticles;
- the organic small molecule material is one or more of ammonium acetate, ammonium carbonate, tetramethylammonium acetate, ammonium nitrate, sodium hydrogencarbonate, basic copper carbonate, and potassium permanganate.
- the organic polymer material has a small sphere diameter of 10 nm to 1 ⁇ m.
- the porous graphene material can be used as a supercapacitor or lithium ion battery electrode material.
- the preparation method of the porous graphene material is obtained by mixing graphene or graphene with a pore former and pressing to obtain a composite, and then releasing the pore former in the composite to release a gas, if it is graphene oxide, 500 ⁇ 2000 The heat treatment is carried out at °C, and finally the porous graphene material is obtained.
- the preparation method has simple process, and the prepared porous graphene material has a large specific surface area, which is favorable for macroscopic processing, and the obtained porous graphene material can be used as a supercapacitor and a lithium ion battery. Electrode material.
- FIG. 1 is a flow chart showing a method of preparing a porous graphene material according to an embodiment
- Example 2 is a SEM picture of the doped composite prepared in Example 4.
- a porous graphene material having a pore diameter of 1 nm to 10 ⁇ m and a specific surface area of 100 m 2 /g to 2000 m 2 /g.
- the above porous graphene material has a pore diameter of 50 nm to 10 ⁇ m and accounts for 20% to 40% of the total volume, and the pore diameter is 2nm ⁇ 50nm accounts for 35% ⁇ 55% of the total volume, and the pore size is 1nm ⁇ 2nm, which accounts for 20% ⁇ 25% of the total volume.
- the diameter of the porous material is graphene 2 ⁇ 50nm, specific surface area of 150m 2 / g ⁇ 1000m 2 / g.
- the porous graphene material has a pore specific surface area of from 150 m 2 /g to 2500 m 2 /g.
- This porous graphene material has a high specific surface area and a specific surface area, and can be used as an electrode material for supercapacitors and lithium ion batteries.
- the method for preparing a porous graphene material as shown in FIG. 1 uses graphene to prepare a porous graphene material, comprising the following steps:
- the graphene or graphene oxide is mixed with a pore former capable of releasing a gas, and a composite of bulk or powdery particles is pressed.
- the pore former selects a substance that can release gas. Generally, it can be dry ice, and the decomposition temperature is lower than 2000 °C. Organic polymer materials and organic small molecule materials, different pore-forming agents are selected, and the specific reaction conditions are different.
- the pore former is selected to be mixed with graphene in the form of a powdered material or solution.
- dry ice When using dry ice as a pore former, select dry ice powder and graphene or graphene oxide powder with dry ice powder at -40 °C Under mixing, pressing into a bulk material or nano-scale particles, that is, obtaining a composite.
- an organic polymer material or an organic small molecule material is used as a pore-forming agent
- an organic polymer material powder or an organic small molecule material powder or a solution is selected, and the graphene or graphene oxide powder is mixed with a pore former in a solvent, or The powdery pore former is mixed, the solvent is removed or the temperature is lowered, solidified, pressed into a bulk material or nanometer-sized particles to obtain a composite.
- the organic polymer selects an organic polymer which can be carbonized into carbon or gas at a high temperature, including: polycarbonate beads, polystyrene beads, polypropylene beads, polyacetylene beads, polyphenylene beads, polydimethylsiloxane One or more of oxyalkylene beads, polycarbonate nanoparticles, polystyrene nanoparticles, polypropylene nanoparticles, polyacetylene nanoparticles, polyphenyl nanoparticles, and polydimethylsiloxane nanoparticles.
- the organic small molecule selects small organic molecules which can be pyrolyzed into a gas, including: one or more of ammonium acetate, ammonium carbonate, tetramethylammonium acetate, ammonium nitrate, sodium hydrogencarbonate, basic copper carbonate and potassium permanganate.
- a gas including: one or more of ammonium acetate, ammonium carbonate, tetramethylammonium acetate, ammonium nitrate, sodium hydrogencarbonate, basic copper carbonate and potassium permanganate.
- the composite obtained in S10 is heated to 500 ⁇ 2000 °C, thermal decomposition of organic polymer materials or organic small molecular materials, partial removal of decomposition products in vacuum, solvent washing after passivation, drying to obtain porous graphene materials.
- the surface of graphene oxide is mainly composed of -C-OH or carbon-carbon epoxy bond. Under high temperature conditions, two -OH will lose one water molecule, and at the same time form a carbon-oxygen double bond, and the carbon-oxygen double bond will be formed. Carbon monoxide gas, carbon-carbon epoxy bond also forms a carbon-oxygen double bond at a high temperature to form a carbon monoxide gas. This causes O in the graphene oxide to be removed, thereby obtaining graphene.
- a mixed atmosphere of H 2 and Ar can be selected.
- the graphene and graphene oxide in step S10 can be obtained by the following steps:
- graphite oxide can be prepared by the Hummers method, that is, S10
- the obtained graphite, potassium permanganate and high-concentration strong oxidizing acid (sulfuric acid or nitric acid) are heated in a water bath or an oil bath in the same container, and are taken out after being fully oxidized, firstly reducing potassium permanganate with hydrogen peroxide, using distilled water or The product was washed several times with hydrochloric acid and dried to obtain graphite oxide.
- the process is carried out to improve the preparation of graphene oxide to improve the yield and product purity.
- the improved preparation process comprises the following steps.
- the pretreated mixture and potassium permanganate are added to concentrated sulfuric acid to keep the temperature below 20 °C. 30 ⁇ 40 °C oil bath 1.5 ⁇ 2 h, add deionized water, add hydrogen peroxide reaction after 15 min, suction filtration and collect solid.
- the purpose of the oil bath is to better control the reaction temperature, and in other embodiments, a water bath can also be used.
- graphene oxide is mixed with deionized water and dispersed into a suspension.
- Ultrasonic ultrasonic dispersion of graphene oxide can generally be employed.
- the reducing agent is a soluble compound having a certain thermal stability, and generally, hydrazine hydrate, sodium borohydride and terephthalic acid, preferably hydrazine hydrate are mentioned.
- the preparation method of the porous graphene material is obtained by mixing graphene or graphene with a pore former and pressing to obtain a composite, and then releasing the pore former in the composite to release a gas, if it is graphene oxide, 500 ⁇ 2000 The heat treatment is carried out at °C, and finally the porous graphene material is obtained.
- the preparation method has simple process, and the prepared porous graphene material has a large specific surface area, which is favorable for macroscopic processing, and the obtained porous graphene material can be used as a supercapacitor and a lithium ion battery. Electrode material.
- the specific step is to add 20g of 50 mesh graphite powder, 10g of potassium persulfate and 10g of phosphorus pentoxide to 80 °C.
- concentrated sulfuric acid stir evenly, cool for more than 6h, wash to neutral, and dry.
- the dried sample was added to 0 ° C, 230 mL of concentrated sulfuric acid, and then 60 g of potassium permanganate was added, and the temperature of the mixture was maintained at After 20 ° C, then in an oil bath at 35 ° C for 2 h, slowly add 920 mL of deionized water.
- the porous graphene material obtained in Example 1 had a specific surface area a s of 136.14 m 2 /g, an average pore diameter d p of 8.0156 nm, and a pore specific surface area a p of 264.88 m 2 /g.
- the porous graphene material obtained in Example 2 had a specific surface area a s of 193.12 m 2 /g, an average pore diameter d p of 6.4984 nm, and a pore specific surface area a p of 273.94 m 2 /g.
- the porous graphene material obtained in Example 3 had a specific surface area a s of 422.41 m 2 /g, an average pore diameter d p of 9.2264 nm, and a pore specific surface area a p of 655.9 m 2 /g.
- Figure 3 shows the SEM of the porous graphene material prepared by graphene and polystyrene beads. As the photograph, it can be seen that the porous graphene material has a porous structure.
- the porous graphene material obtained in Example 4 had a specific surface area a s of 134.66 m 2 /g, an average pore diameter d p of 7.9471 nm, and a pore specific surface area a p of 242.69 m 2 /g.
- the heat treatment causes the polypropylene to be thermally decomposed, partially removes the decomposition product in a vacuum, is passivated, washed by a solvent, and dried to obtain a porous graphene material.
- the porous graphene material obtained in Example 5 had a specific surface area a s of 632.41 m 2 /g, an average pore diameter d p of 10.232 nm, and a pore specific surface area a p of 712.52 m 2 /g.
- the porous graphene material obtained in Example 6 had a specific surface area a s of 901.25 m 2 /g, an average pore diameter d p of 12.547 nm, and a pore specific surface area a p of 845.12 m 2 /g.
- the graphene is mixed with the ammonium carbonate solution to remove the solvent, solidified, and pressed into a bulk material.
- the heat treatment causes the polydimethylsiloxane to thermally decompose, partially removes the decomposition product in a vacuum, is passivated, washed by a solvent, and dried to obtain a porous graphene material.
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Description
Claims (10)
- 一种多孔石墨烯材料,其特征在于,所述多孔石墨烯材料的孔径为1nm ~10μm,比表面积为100m2/g~2000m2/g。
- 如权利要求1所述多孔石墨烯材料,其特征在于,所述多孔石墨烯材料孔径50nm ~10μm占总体积20%~40%,2nm~50nm占总体积35%~55%, 1nm~2nm占总体积20%~25%。
- 如权利要求1所述多孔石墨烯材料,其特征在于,所述多孔石墨烯材料的孔径为2~50nm,比表面积为150m2/g~1000m2/g。
- 如权利要求1所述多孔石墨烯材料,其特征在于,所述多孔石墨烯材料的孔比表面积为150 m2/g~2500m2/g。
- 一种多孔石墨烯材料的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:将石墨烯或氧化石墨烯与可以释放出气体的造孔剂混合、压制块状或粉末状颗粒的复合物;加热所述复合物,使造孔剂释放出气体后,得到所述多孔石墨烯材料。
- 如权利要求5所述的多孔石墨烯材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述造孔剂为干冰,加热温度使干冰气化。
- 如权利要求5所述的多孔石墨烯材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述造孔剂为分解温度低于2000℃的有机高分子材料或有机小分子材料,使所述复合物中的造孔剂释放出气体的操作为:将所述复合物升温至500~2000℃,使得有机高分子材料或有机小分子材料热分解释放出气体。
- 如权利要求 7 所述的多孔石墨烯材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的有机高分子材料为聚碳酸酯小球、聚苯乙烯小球、聚丙烯小球、聚乙炔小球、聚苯小球、聚二甲基硅氧烷小球、聚碳酸酯纳米微粒、聚苯乙烯纳米微粒、聚丙烯纳米微粒、聚乙炔纳米微粒、聚苯纳米微粒和聚二甲基硅氧烷纳米微粒中的一种或几种;有机小分子材料为醋酸铵、碳酸铵、醋酸四甲基铵、硝酸铵、碳酸氢钠、碱式碳酸铜和高锰酸钾中的一种或几种。
- 如权利要求8所述的多孔石墨烯材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述有机高分子材料的小球直径为10nm~1μm。
- 如权利要求1~4中任一项所述的多孔石墨烯材料,其特征在于,所述多孔石墨烯材料可以用作超级电容器或锂离子电池电极材料。
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PCT/CN2010/080464 WO2012088683A1 (zh) | 2010-12-29 | 2010-12-29 | 多孔石墨烯材料及其制备方法和作为电极材料的应用 |
JP2013546552A JP2014507365A (ja) | 2010-12-29 | 2010-12-29 | 多孔質グラフェン材料、その製造方法、及び電極材料としての応用 |
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US20130230709A1 (en) | 2013-09-05 |
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CN103180243B (zh) | 2015-05-20 |
JP2014507365A (ja) | 2014-03-27 |
CN103180243A (zh) | 2013-06-26 |
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