WO2012067421A2 - 메조기공이 형성된 다공성 탄소재료의 제조방법 및 이를 이용하여 제조된 연료전지용 촉매의 담지체 - Google Patents
메조기공이 형성된 다공성 탄소재료의 제조방법 및 이를 이용하여 제조된 연료전지용 촉매의 담지체 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012067421A2 WO2012067421A2 PCT/KR2011/008750 KR2011008750W WO2012067421A2 WO 2012067421 A2 WO2012067421 A2 WO 2012067421A2 KR 2011008750 W KR2011008750 W KR 2011008750W WO 2012067421 A2 WO2012067421 A2 WO 2012067421A2
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- WIPO (PCT)
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- carbon
- mesopores
- ceramic nanoparticles
- porous carbon
- producing
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/8663—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for catalytic active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J21/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides, or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium, or hafnium
- B01J21/18—Carbon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/05—Preparation or purification of carbon not covered by groups C01B32/15, C01B32/20, C01B32/25, C01B32/30
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/96—Carbon-based electrodes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M2008/1095—Fuel cells with polymeric electrolytes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for preparing a porous carbon material having mesopores, and a support or electrode material for a catalyst for a fuel cell manufactured using the same, and more particularly, to form a carbon film on the surface of ceramic nanoparticles,
- the present invention relates to a method for preparing a porous carbon material prepared by removing a ceramic nanoparticle after carbonization by heat treatment and carbonization with a precursor, and a support or electrode material for a catalyst for a fuel cell manufactured using the same.
- Porous carbon materials have high industrial value and are currently used in various fields. For example, selective adsorption materials in separation processes, adhesion removal, and gas storage, electrode materials in batteries, fuel cells, high capacity capacitors, etc., and also are used as functions of catalyst carriers or catalysts in major catalytic processes.
- porous carbon materials are micropore (measured pore size ⁇ 2 nm), mesopore (mesopore, 2 nm) depending on the pore size. ⁇ Pore size ⁇ 50 nm), macropore (pore size> 50 nm).
- Most commercially available porous carbons are activated carbon composed of micropores, and carbonized various organic raw materials such as coal, petroleum pitch, wood tar, fruit peel, and various polymers while introducing pores using oxidizing gas or corrosive compounds. It is the basic concept of the existing manufacturing process. Activated carbon based on micro-pore has very high specific surface area and pore volume. It is also characterized by considerable adsorption capacity.
- microporous carbon has a significant drop in electrical conductivity due to space constraints in spaces that are too small, resulting in a significant decrease in the mass transport speed of the molecule, and a huge surface functional groups and structural defects. It has also been pointed out that fatal disadvantages such as pore structure is easily deformed or collapsed by high temperature treatment. In particular, the compromise between the increase of active area through high specific surface area and the maintenance of proper electrical conductivity is mentioned as a big issue in electrochemical use. In addition, the issue of controlling the pore size in connection with the smooth entry and exit of ions and molecules is also a major issue.
- Template method for producing mesoporous carbon by injecting polymer or monomer into mesoporous ceramic mold (template, template), carbonizing heat treatment, and removing ceramic mold by acid and alkali treatment Template method has been proposed.
- Porous carbon prepared in this way has the advantage that the distribution of mesopore size is very uniform and the pore size can be easily controlled.
- finely controlled templates e.g. zeolite or mesoporous silica
- hydrofluoric acid to remove the template after the preparation of mesoporous carbon. Due to the expensive and cumbersome process, it has been difficult to mass produce mesoporous carbon or to use it as a general purpose material.
- Another manufacturing method is a movable template method, in which nano-sized ceramic particles are condensed with an organic precursor, followed by carbonization heat treatment at an appropriate temperature, and then removal of the ceramic nano particles using an acid and an alkali.
- Porous carbon with uniform pore distribution comparable to the existing template method may be manufactured using ceramic nanoparticles having several nanometers to several tens of nanometers of which particle size is uniformly controlled, and in consideration of manufacturing cost and mass production Is somewhat heterogeneous, but the manufacturing and removal process is relatively inter
- the use of simple particles such as MgO, CaC0 3, etc. has been developed to provide a cost-effective and easy-to-use method in large quantities.
- non-uniformity of particle distribution (resulting in pore distribution) that may be caused by material density difference during manufacture, such as using a large amount of nanoparticle material as a template or a surfactant to stabilize particle dispersion. Measures should be taken to prevent ignition.
- Catalyst carriers having mesopores are expected to be suitable for fuel cell electrode catalysts and the like in terms of smooth entry and exit of liquids and products, especially liquid materials, and many cases have been reported of improving performance of fuel cells.
- catalyst support for fuel cells it is known that the specific surface area, pore size, pore distribution, pore shape and surface functional column for physical and chemical adsorption with the catalyst affect the high dispersion of the catalyst and the activity of the catalyst. Chemical durability and mechanical strength are also required.
- carbon black and carbon materials with various nanostructures have been utilized as catalyst carriers for fuel cells, but there is still much room for improvement for the development of highly active low-cost catalysts.
- the present inventors have repeatedly studied the catalyst carrier having mesopores in order to develop a catalyst which is inexpensive and highly active, and as a result, after forming a carbon film on the surface of the ceramic nanoparticles, When combined with heat treatment to carbonize, it has been found that the present invention can produce a porous carbon material having a unique mesoporous structure and having a plurality of pores.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a porous carbon material having a uniform meso pore distribution, which can be used as a catalyst carrier for a fuel cell.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a porous carbon material having a unique mesoporous structure and a plurality of mesopores formed.
- Still another object of the present invention is to provide a method for manufacturing a porous carbon material having mesopores suitable for mass production, which can lower the manufacturing cost.
- the present invention also provides a support or electrode material for a catalyst for a fuel cell comprising a porous carbon material in which the mesopores are formed.
- the present invention also provides an electrode of a fuel cell comprising a support of the catalyst for the fuel cell and a catalyst supported on the support.
- the present invention also provides a fuel cell electrode using the fuel cell electrode material as the main material of the microporous layer.
- the present invention forms a carbon film on the surface of the ceramic nanoparticles, and mixed with the carbon precursor and heat treatment to carbonize the carbon nanoparticles produced by removing the ceramic nanoparticles and the fuel cell catalyst prepared by using the same Provides a carrier or electrode material.
- Porous carbon of the present invention According to the manufacturing method of the raw material, it is possible to mass-produce a porous carbon material having a uniform distribution of mesopores at a low manufacturing cost.
- the porous carbon material having mesopores prepared according to the present invention may be used as a catalyst carrier for fuel cells to be used in the manufacture of electrodes for fuel cells.
- Example 1 is a view schematically showing a manufacturing process of a porous carbon material using nano-sized MgO and MgO / CNT according to Example 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 schematically illustrates a process in which meso-sized pores are formed by heat treating and carbonizing a mixture of ceramic nanoparticles and a carbon precursor on which a carbon film is formed.
- a carbon film is formed on the surface of ceramic nanoparticles (S1).
- ceramic nanoparticles are used as a template for producing a porous carbon material in which mesopores are formed.
- Ceramic nanoparticles Si0 2 , A1 2 0 3) MgO, CaC0 3) zeolites, aluminosilicates, mixtures thereof and the like can be used.
- the ceramic nanoparticles have a particle diameter of 2 to 100 nm.
- Ceramic nanoparticles having a particle diameter of less than 2 nm are not only easy to manufacture as nanoparticles, but the pores of porous carbon materials formed using these ceramic nanoparticles as templates are micro-sized, which is not suitable for the purpose of the present invention. not.
- the porous carbon material is manufactured using ceramic nanoparticles having a particle diameter of more than 100 nm, the pores of carbon formed in the porous carbon material are very large, so that the pores for producing the porous carbon material having meso-sized pores are formed. It may not be suitable for the purpose of the invention.
- a carbon film may be formed on the surface of the ceramic nanoparticles when the pyrolysis process is performed by injecting a gaseous carbon-containing compound.
- the step of forming a carbon film on the surface of the ceramic nanoparticles may be carried out by thermally decomposing at 350 ⁇ 950 ° C by injecting a gas-phase carbon-containing compound after the ceramic nanoparticles are put into an electric furnace Can be.
- the gaseous carbon-containing compound may be used by evaporating one selected from the group consisting of hydrocarbons having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, carbon monoxide, alcohol, acetone, acetonitrile and acrylonitrile, or a mixture of hydrogen and hydrogen
- the gas can be used by vaporizing.
- the step of forming a carbon film on the surface of the ceramic nanoparticles is applied to the surface of the ceramic nanoparticles containing a compound containing a metal component, the ceramic nanoparticles are put into an electric furnace and the gas It can be carried out by injecting a phase carbon-containing compound and pyrolysis at 350 ⁇ 950 ° C.
- a carbon film in which carbon nano-leuze or carbon nanofibers are grown may be formed on the surface of the ceramic nanoparticles.
- Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNT) or multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNT) may be grown on the surface of the ceramic nanoparticles coated with the compound including the metal component, depending on the type of the gaseous carbon-containing compound.
- a carbon film in which single-walled carbon nano-levers are grown may be formed on the surface of the ceramic nanoparticles, and gaseous acetone is used as the gaseous carbon-containing compound.
- a carbon film in which multi-walled carbon nanotubes are grown may be formed on the surface of ceramic nanoparticles.
- the compound containing a metal component a compound containing Ni, Co or Fe as a main component can be used.
- the compound containing Ni, Co or Fe as a main component is made of at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Ni, Co and Fe and Mo, Cu, Cr, Pt, Ru and Pd Binary or ternary alloy catalysts composed of a cocatalyst component selected from the group, for example nitrates, hydrochlorides, sulfates, phosphates or Organometallic compounds (ferrocene, nickellocene, etc.) can be used.
- the compound containing Ni, Co or Fe as a main component is preferably applied to the surface of the ceramic nanoparticles in a weight ratio of 0.001 ⁇ 0.1 to the weight of the ceramic nanoparticles.
- the carbon film may be formed on the surface of the ceramic nanoparticles with a thickness of 1 to 10 nm.
- the ceramic nanoparticles and the carbon precursor on which the carbon film is formed are mixed (S2).
- organic compounds having high hydrophobicity such as isotropic pitch, mesophase pitch, polycyclic aromatic mixtures, phenol resins, polyester resins, and mixtures thereof can be used, and pitches having a carbon yield of about 80% are used. It is preferable from an industrial point of view.
- the above-described ceramic nanoparticles themselves are hydrophilic, and the carbon precursor is hydrophobic, so it is not easy to mix.
- the ceramic nanoparticles having the carbon coating are hydrophobic. It can be evenly mixed with the carbon precursor.
- the mixture is heat treated in the step (S3) to carbonize the mesopores with a uniform pore distribution.
- the mixture of the ceramic nanoparticles and the carbon precursor on which the carbon film is formed, prepared in step (52), is prepared by mixing 10 to 80% by weight of the ceramic nanoparticles on which the carbon film is formed and 20 to 90% by weight of the carbon precursor.
- the ceramic nanoparticles in which the carbon film is formed is included in less than 10% by weight during the production of the mixture, the number of pores may be formed in the porous carbon material finally manufactured, and a plurality of closed pores may be formed.
- the composite includes more than 80% by weight of ceramic nanoparticles having a carbon coating, the porous structure may not be formed from the finally produced porous carbon material.
- the mixture of the ceramic nanoparticles and the carbon precursor, the carbon film is formed in the step (S2) is heat-treated and carbonized (S3).
- components other than carbon included in the carbon precursor for example, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, Various components such as sulfur can be removed by vaporization.
- components other than carbon are vaporized and removed, and carbon atoms are partially decomposed, while carbonization forms porous carbon materials, which are increasingly dense solids, that is, dense solids.
- the ceramic nanoparticles are removed from the material prepared in step (S3) (S4).
- the material prepared in (S3) may be immersed in an acidic solution or an alkaline solution to remove the ceramic nanoparticles.
- removing the ceramic nanoparticles using hydrochloric acid in step (S4) may minimize the residue of the nanoparticles.
- removing the ceramic nanoparticles using a strongly alkaline aqueous solution or hydrofluoric acid in step (S4) may minimize the residue of the nanoparticles. Can be.
- the acidic solution may be hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid, hydrofluoric acid, and the like, and as the alkaline solution, an aqueous solution containing potassium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide may be used, but ceramic nanoparticles may be efficiently removed. Any solution may be used without limitation.
- the present invention can provide a porous carbon material in which mesopores are formed according to the present invention described above.
- the porous carbon material in which the mesopores of the present invention are formed may be used as a catalyst carrier to be used to manufacture electrodes of a fuel cell.
- porous carbon material of the present invention can be used as a material of the microporous layer (Microporous layer, MPL) formed on the gas diffusion layer substrate, such as carbon paper, carbon felt.
- MPL microporous layer
- Mg (N0 3 ) 2 ⁇ 63 ⁇ 40 (99%) is used as a precursor to produce nano-sized MgO particles, and (N) 6 ⁇ 7 ⁇ 24 ⁇ 43 ⁇ 40 and Fe (N0 3 ) 3 ⁇ 93 ⁇ 40 are used as catalysts to form carbon films.
- the MoFe catalyst was impregnated with MgO by reacting with C63 ⁇ 40 7 (citric acid) as a precursor.
- C63 ⁇ 40 7 citric acid
- Mg (N0 3 ) 2 ⁇ 6 0 and ( ⁇ 4 ) 6 ⁇ 7 ⁇ 24 ⁇ 43 ⁇ 40, Fe (N0 3 ) 3 ⁇ 9 ⁇ 2 0 were dissolved in distilled water, respectively, mixed with C63 ⁇ 40 7 , stirred at 90 ° C., and dried.
- This dried powder was heat-treated at 180 ° C. for 2 hours in a nitrogen atmosphere to form MgO particles.
- MgO particles were heated to 10 ° C / min and re-heated at 350-950 ° C.
- a mixture of methane and nitrogen, a gaseous carbon-containing compound was mixed and flowed (CH 4 / N 2 (100 / 500ml / min)) to thermally decompose to 350 950 ° C, and the carbon film on the MgO particles (single wall carbon nanotube) was formed.
- a porous carbon material In order to prepare a porous carbon material, using a mesoface pitch (Misuibishi AR pitch) as a carbon precursor, dissolved in 500 mL THF solution, and put the nano-MgO powder and MgO nano-particles MgO powder formed with carbon film each size, sealed and stirred for 24 hours Dried. The mixture was stabilized at 260 ° C. for 48 hours by raising the temperature to 1 ° C./min in an air atmosphere, and then converting to nitrogen atmosphere, raising the temperature to 0.5 ° C / min, and maintaining the carbon at 1000 ° C. for 4 hours.
- a mesoface pitch Moisuibishi AR pitch
- FIG. 1 is a view schematically showing a manufacturing process of a porous carbon material using nano-sized MgO and MgO / CNT according to Example 1, Figures 2 and 3 are prepared in accordance with Example 1 of the present invention Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) photograph of a porous carbon material with one mesopore formed.
- TEM Transmission electron microscopy
- a porous carbonaceous material having mesopores of the present invention was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that acetoneol was used as the gaseous carbon-containing compound, which was photographed with a transmission electron microscope photograph and shown in FIG. 5.
- the porous carbon material having mesopores manufactured according to the present invention has a porous structure on its surface, and referring to FIGS. 1 and 3, a single wall is formed on the surface of the porous carbon material having mesopores. It can be seen that carbon nanotubes are grown.
- nano-sized MgOs are formed by nitrogen heat treatment, and the porous carbon material prepared using the same increases the specific surface area to 443 m 2 / g together with very many mesopores (hysteresis). (MPC (NIO)).
- porous carbon materials prepared using single-walled carbon nanotubes and nano-sized MgO formed using methane can confirm mesopores and an increased specific surface area of 551-578 m 2 / g (MPC (C1 ⁇ 30)).
- the porous carbon material having mesopores prepared according to the present invention has a porous structure on the surface, it can be seen that the multi-walled carbon nanotubes are grown.
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- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
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- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
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- Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)
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Abstract
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Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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JP2013539755A JP5876499B2 (ja) | 2010-11-16 | 2011-11-16 | メソ細孔が形成された多孔性炭素材料の製造方法及びこれから製造された燃料電池用触媒の担持体 |
US13/885,174 US9379389B2 (en) | 2010-11-16 | 2011-11-16 | Method for producing porous carbon materials having mesopores and catalyst support for a fuel cell produced using same |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
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KR10-2010-0113661 | 2010-11-16 | ||
KR1020100113661A KR101206913B1 (ko) | 2010-11-16 | 2010-11-16 | 메조기공이 형성된 다공성 탄소재료의 제조방법 및 이를 이용하여 제조된 연료전지용 촉매의 담지체 |
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WO2012067421A2 true WO2012067421A2 (ko) | 2012-05-24 |
WO2012067421A3 WO2012067421A3 (ko) | 2012-09-07 |
WO2012067421A9 WO2012067421A9 (ko) | 2012-10-04 |
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PCT/KR2011/008750 WO2012067421A2 (ko) | 2010-11-16 | 2011-11-16 | 메조기공이 형성된 다공성 탄소재료의 제조방법 및 이를 이용하여 제조된 연료전지용 촉매의 담지체 |
Country Status (4)
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US (1) | US9379389B2 (ko) |
JP (1) | JP5876499B2 (ko) |
KR (1) | KR101206913B1 (ko) |
WO (1) | WO2012067421A2 (ko) |
Cited By (1)
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US11581548B2 (en) | 2020-11-24 | 2023-02-14 | Hyundai Motor Company | Manufacturing method of support for catalyst of fuel cell |
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WO2014011831A1 (en) * | 2012-07-11 | 2014-01-16 | Stc.Unm | Carbendazim-based catalytic materials |
KR101442813B1 (ko) * | 2012-07-27 | 2014-09-23 | 한화케미칼 주식회사 | 다공성 탄소 및 이의 제조방법 |
DE102014205033A1 (de) * | 2014-03-18 | 2015-09-24 | Volkswagen Ag | Katalysatorschicht für eine Brennstoffzelle und Verfahren zur Herstellung einer solchen |
US10886540B2 (en) * | 2015-12-14 | 2021-01-05 | Indiana University Research And Technology Corporation | Systems and methods of graphene supported catalysts |
CN106732352A (zh) * | 2016-11-16 | 2017-05-31 | 广州大学 | 一种多孔生物炭及其合成方法与应用 |
KR102034635B1 (ko) * | 2017-03-21 | 2019-10-22 | 주식회사 알티엑스 | 전자빔을 이용한 연료전지용 촉매의 제조방법 |
CA3105710A1 (en) * | 2018-06-29 | 2020-01-02 | Toyo Tanso Co., Ltd. | Method of producing porous carbon, and electrode and catalyst carrier containing porous carbon produced by the method |
US11715834B2 (en) * | 2019-12-27 | 2023-08-01 | Toyota Motor Engineering And Manufacturing North America, Inc. | Fuel cell cathode catalyst |
KR20210085624A (ko) | 2019-12-31 | 2021-07-08 | 현대자동차주식회사 | 촉매의 피독을 방지할 수 있는 연료전지용 전해질막 및 이의 제조방법 |
KR102407841B1 (ko) | 2020-03-03 | 2022-06-13 | 인하대학교 산학협력단 | 저 분자량 유기물질과 전이금속을 이용한 다공성 탄소 제조방법 및 유기-무기 전구체 |
KR20220072301A (ko) | 2020-11-25 | 2022-06-02 | (주)쓰리에이씨 | 이종 기공을 포함하는 다공성 탄소체 및 그 제조방법 |
CN113213471A (zh) * | 2021-05-20 | 2021-08-06 | 中国北方车辆研究所 | 一种石墨化介孔纳米碳材料的制备方法及其应用 |
KR102569206B1 (ko) | 2021-05-24 | 2023-08-22 | 비나텍주식회사 | 나노 실리카 입자 초고속 분산을 통한 연료전지 촉매 지지체 제조방법 |
KR20230089588A (ko) | 2021-12-13 | 2023-06-21 | 재단법인 한국탄소산업진흥원 | 고전기전도 탄소복합소재 촉매 제조방법 및 이를 이용한 고전기전도 탄소복합재 제조방법 |
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2011
- 2011-11-16 WO PCT/KR2011/008750 patent/WO2012067421A2/ko active Application Filing
- 2011-11-16 US US13/885,174 patent/US9379389B2/en active Active
- 2011-11-16 JP JP2013539755A patent/JP5876499B2/ja active Active
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KR100612896B1 (ko) * | 2005-05-18 | 2006-08-14 | 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 | 중형 다공성 탄소체 및 그의 제조방법 |
KR20070021846A (ko) * | 2005-08-20 | 2007-02-23 | 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 | 중형 다공성 탄소 복합체, 그 제조방법 및 이를 이용한연료전지 |
KR20090100625A (ko) * | 2008-03-20 | 2009-09-24 | 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 | 메조포러스 탄소, 그 제조방법 및 이를 이용한 연료전지 |
KR20100080420A (ko) * | 2008-12-31 | 2010-07-08 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 규칙 중형 다공성 탄소 복합체 촉매, 그 제조 방법 및 이를 이용한 연료전지 |
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US11581548B2 (en) | 2020-11-24 | 2023-02-14 | Hyundai Motor Company | Manufacturing method of support for catalyst of fuel cell |
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US9379389B2 (en) | 2016-06-28 |
KR101206913B1 (ko) | 2012-11-30 |
WO2012067421A3 (ko) | 2012-09-07 |
WO2012067421A9 (ko) | 2012-10-04 |
JP2014502248A (ja) | 2014-01-30 |
JP5876499B2 (ja) | 2016-03-02 |
KR20120052483A (ko) | 2012-05-24 |
US20130236816A1 (en) | 2013-09-12 |
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