WO2012056717A1 - 液晶表示装置 - Google Patents
液晶表示装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012056717A1 WO2012056717A1 PCT/JP2011/006052 JP2011006052W WO2012056717A1 WO 2012056717 A1 WO2012056717 A1 WO 2012056717A1 JP 2011006052 W JP2011006052 W JP 2011006052W WO 2012056717 A1 WO2012056717 A1 WO 2012056717A1
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- liquid crystal
- crystal display
- protective film
- display device
- cellulose ester
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- 0 *C(C(*)(C([C@@](O)(O1)I)(O)I)I)(C1(*)I)[N+](*)[O-] Chemical compound *C(C(*)(C([C@@](O)(O1)I)(O)I)I)(C1(*)I)[N+](*)[O-] 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/30—Polarising elements
- G02B5/3025—Polarisers, i.e. arrangements capable of producing a definite output polarisation state from an unpolarised input state
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/18—Manufacture of films or sheets
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/30—Polarising elements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/133528—Polarisers
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1337—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/1336—Illuminating devices
- G02F1/133602—Direct backlight
- G02F1/133603—Direct backlight with LEDs
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1337—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
- G02F1/133742—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers for homeotropic alignment
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1337—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
- G02F1/133773—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers the alignment material or treatment being different for the two opposite substrates
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a liquid crystal display device.
- the polarizing plate has a structure having protective films on both sides of the polarizer.
- This protective film is known to change reddish over time depending on the material, but has not been regarded as a problem in practice.
- the high aperture ratio of the liquid crystal display device according to the above-described method and the slight redness that has not been noticed in the past instead of the backlight from CCFL to LED are a problem.
- a polarizing plate having a protective film only on one side of a polarizer is known (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
- a polarizing plate used in a high aperture ratio liquid crystal display device using an LED as a backlight there is no polarizing plate that has excellent viewing angle characteristics, does not cause reddish discoloration, and does not deteriorate display image quality.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a liquid crystal display device having an optical film group which has excellent viewing angle characteristics, does not cause reddish discoloration in a polarizing plate, and does not deteriorate display image quality in a liquid crystal display device using an LED as a backlight. There is to do.
- a liquid crystal display device having a first polarizing plate having a first polarizer, a liquid crystal cell, a second polarizing plate having a second polarizer, and an LED backlight in this order
- the liquid crystal cell includes first and second substrates facing each other, and a liquid crystal layer sandwiched between the first and second substrates and containing p-type nematic liquid crystal.
- the first electrode and the second electrode for driving the type nematic liquid crystal are arranged, and when no voltage is applied, the p type nematic liquid crystal in the vicinity of the first substrate is inclined with respect to the first substrate surface.
- the protective film contains a cellulose ester, and has a moisture permeability of 150 to 900 g / m 2 measured at 40 ° C. and 90% RH in accordance with JIS Z0208.
- a liquid crystal display device that is 24 hours.
- Liquid crystal display device [3] The liquid crystal display device according to [1], wherein the protective film is disposed on both a liquid crystal cell side surface of the first polarizer and a liquid crystal cell side surface of the second polarizer. . [4]
- the protective film contains the cellulose ester as a main component, and the cellulose ester has a substitution degree of acetyl group as X and a substitution degree of acyl group having 3 or more carbon atoms as Y.
- the liquid crystal display device according to [4], wherein the cellulose ester contained in the protective film is cellulose acetate propionate.
- the protective film includes the cellulose ester and an acrylic resin, and the cellulose ester has a substitution degree of acetyl group as X and a substitution degree of acyl group having 3 or more carbon atoms as Y.
- the liquid crystal display device according to any one of [1] to [3], wherein 0 ⁇ X + Y ⁇ 2.1 is satisfied.
- [7] The liquid crystal display device wherein a ratio of the acrylic resin contained in the protective film is 5 to 50 parts by mass with respect to a total of 100 parts by mass of the cellulose ester and the acrylic resin.
- a liquid crystal display device having an optical film group that has excellent viewing angle characteristics, does not cause reddish discoloration in a polarizing plate, and does not deteriorate display image quality. can do.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a basic configuration of the liquid crystal display device 10.
- the liquid crystal display device 10 includes a liquid crystal cell 20, a first polarizing plate 40 and a second polarizing plate 60 that sandwich the liquid crystal cell 20, and a backlight 80.
- the first polarizing plate 40 (viewing-side polarizing plate) includes a first polarizer 42, a protective film 44 (F1) disposed on the viewing-side surface, and a protection disposed on the surface on the liquid crystal cell side.
- Film 46 (F2) The second polarizing plate 60 (backlight side polarizing plate) is disposed on the second polarizer 62, the protective film 64 (F3) disposed on the liquid crystal cell side surface, and the backlight side surface.
- Protective film 66 (F4) One of the protective film 46 (F2) and the protective film 66 (F3) may be omitted as necessary.
- Protective film F2 or F3 At least one of the protective films F2 and F3 arranged on the liquid crystal cell side has a moisture permeability of 150 to 900 g / m 2 measured at 40 ° C. and 90% RH in accordance with JIS Z0208. 24 hr, preferably 250 to 800 g / m 2 ⁇ 24 hr, and most preferably 500 to 800 g / m 2 ⁇ 24 hr.
- At least one of the protective films F2 and F3 contains a cellulose ester.
- the film containing cellulose ester may be a film (cellulose ester film) containing cellulose ester as a main component; it may be a film containing cellulose ester and an acrylic resin.
- Cellulose ester film (cellulose ester) Cellulose esters contained in the cellulose ester film disposed on the liquid crystal cell side are cellulose acetate, cellulose acetate butyrate, and cellulose acetate propionate. Among them, cellulose acetate and cellulose acetate propionate are preferable.
- the cellulose ester When the substitution degree of the acetyl group of the cellulose ester is X and the substitution degree of the acyl group having 3 or more carbon atoms is Y, the cellulose ester preferably satisfies the range of the following formula (I).
- Formula (I) 2.1 ⁇ X + Y ⁇ 2.6 More preferably, 2.3 ⁇ X + Y ⁇ 2.5.
- the portion not substituted with an acetyl group or an acyl group having 3 or more carbon atoms usually exists as a hydroxyl group.
- cellulose esters can be synthesized by a known method.
- the protective film for the polarizing plate on the liquid crystal cell side according to the present invention is not particularly limited as cellulose as a raw material for cellulose ester, but examples include cotton linters, wood pulp (derived from coniferous trees, derived from hardwoods), kenaf and the like. . Moreover, the cellulose ester obtained from them can be mixed and used in arbitrary ratios, respectively.
- the acylating agent is an acid anhydride (acetic anhydride, propionic anhydride, butyric anhydride)
- these cellulose esters use an organic solvent such as acetic acid or an organic solvent such as methylene chloride, and It can be obtained by reacting with a cellulose raw material using a protic catalyst.
- the reaction is carried out using a basic compound such as an amine as a catalyst. Specifically, it can be synthesized with reference to the method described in JP-A-10-45804.
- the cellulose ester used in the present invention is obtained by mixing and reacting the amount of the acylating agent in accordance with the degree of substitution.
- these acylating agents react with hydroxyl groups of cellulose molecules.
- Cellulose molecules are composed of many glucose units linked together, and the glucose unit has three hydroxyl groups. The number of acyl groups derived from these three hydroxyl groups is called the degree of substitution (mol%).
- cellulose triacetate with a substitution degree of 3 has an acetyl group bonded to all three hydroxyl groups of the glucose unit.
- the method for measuring the substitution degree of the acyl group can be measured according to ASTM-D817-96.
- the number average molecular weight of the cellulose ester is preferably 40,000 to 200,000, since it provides a strong mechanical strength when molded and an appropriate dope viscosity, and more preferably 50,000 to 150,000.
- the weight average molecular weight (Mw) / number average molecular weight (Mn) is preferably in the range of 1.4 to 4.5.
- the cellulose ester film used in the present invention is a support for casting an endless metal belt or a rotating metal drum for transferring a cellulose ester solution (dope) generally called a solution casting film forming method infinitely, for example. It is preferably manufactured by casting a dope from a pressure die onto a body to form a film.
- the organic solvent used for preparing these dopes it is preferable that the cellulose ester can be dissolved and has an appropriate boiling point.
- the cellulose ester can be dissolved and has an appropriate boiling point.
- methylene chloride methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, amyl acetate, methyl acetoacetate, acetone, tetrahydrofuran 1,3-dioxolane, 1,4-dioxane, cyclohexanone, ethyl formate, 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol, 2,2,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propanol, 1,3-difluoro-2 -Propanol, 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-methyl-2-propanol, 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propanol, 2,2,3 , 3,3-pentafluoro-1-propanol, nitroethane, 1,3-dimethyl
- Rukoto can.
- organic halogen compounds such as methylene chloride, dioxolane derivatives, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, acetone, methyl acetoacetate and the like are preferable organic solvents (that is, good solvents).
- the boiling point of the organic solvent is preferably 30 to 80 ° C.
- the boiling point of the good solvent described above is methylene chloride (boiling point 40.4 ° C.), methyl acetate (boiling point 56.32 ° C.), acetone (boiling point 56. 3 ° C.), ethyl acetate (boiling point 76.82 ° C.) and the like.
- methylene chloride or methyl acetate having excellent solubility is preferably used.
- the organic solvent it is preferable to contain 0.1% by mass to 40% by mass of an alcohol having 1 to 4 carbon atoms. It is particularly preferable that the alcohol is contained at 5 to 30% by mass.
- the solvent After casting the dope described above on a casting support, the solvent starts to evaporate and the alcohol ratio increases and the web (dope film) gels, making the web strong and peeling from the casting support. It is also used as a gelling solvent that facilitates this, and when these ratios are small, it also has a role of promoting dissolution of the cellulose ester of a non-chlorine organic solvent.
- Examples of the alcohol having 1 to 4 carbon atoms include methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, iso-propanol, n-butanol, sec-butanol, tert-butanol and the like.
- ethanol is preferred because it has good dope stability, relatively low boiling point, good drying properties, and no toxicity. It is preferable to use a solvent containing 5% by mass to 30% by mass of ethanol with respect to 70% by mass to 95% by mass of methylene chloride. Methyl acetate can be used in place of methylene chloride. At this time, the dope may be prepared by a cooling dissolution method.
- the cellulose ester film disposed on the liquid crystal cell side preferably contains a sugar ester compound represented by the general formula (1) as a physical property improving agent.
- R 1 to R 10 represent a substituted or unsubstituted alkylcarbonyl group or a substituted or unsubstituted allylcarbonyl group, and R 1 to R 10 may be the same or different.
- m and n each represents an integer of 0 to 12, and m + n represents an integer of 1 to 12.
- the cellulose ester film disposed on the liquid crystal cell side preferably contains an ester compound represented by the general formula (2) as a plasticizer.
- B- (GA) pGB B is a hydroxy group or carboxylic acid residue
- G is an alkylene glycol residue having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, an aryl glycol residue having 6 to 12 carbon atoms, or an oxyalkylene glycol residue having 4 to 12 carbon atoms
- A represents an alkylene dicarboxylic acid residue having 4 to 12 carbon atoms or an aryl dicarboxylic acid residue having 6 to 12 carbon atoms.
- p represents an integer of 1 or more.
- the alkylene glycol component having 2 to 12 carbon atoms includes ethylene glycol, 1,2-propylene glycol, 1,3-propylene glycol, 1,2-butanediol, 1,3-butanediol, 1,2-propanediol, 2-methyl 1,3-propanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,5-pentanediol, 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-propanediol (neopentyl glycol), 2 , 2-diethyl-1,3-propanediol (3,3-dimethylolpentane), 2-n-butyl-2-ethyl-1,3-propanediol (3,3-dimethylolheptane), 3-methyl- 1,5-pentanediol 1,6-hexanediol, 2,2,4-trimethyl 1,3-pentanediol, 2-ethyl 1
- the compound represented by the general formula (1) or (2) can be appropriately used in the range of 1 to 40% by mass of the cellulose ester film.
- the cellulose ester film can contain additives such as plasticizers other than the compounds represented by the general formulas (1) and (2) as necessary for obtaining the effects of the present invention.
- the plasticizer is not particularly limited, but is preferably a polycarboxylic acid ester plasticizer, a glycolate plasticizer, a phthalate ester plasticizer, a fatty acid ester plasticizer, a polyhydric alcohol ester plasticizer, or an ester plasticizer. Agent, acrylic plasticizer and the like.
- At least one is preferably a polyhydric alcohol ester plasticizer.
- the polyhydric alcohol ester plasticizer is a plasticizer composed of an ester of a divalent or higher aliphatic polyhydric alcohol and a monocarboxylic acid, and preferably has an aromatic ring or a cycloalkyl ring in the molecule.
- a divalent to 20-valent aliphatic polyhydric alcohol ester is preferred.
- the polyhydric alcohol preferably used in the present invention is represented by the following general formula (a).
- R11- (OH) n represents an n-valent organic group
- n represents a positive integer of 2 or more
- the OH group represents an alcoholic and / or phenolic hydroxyl group.
- the glycolate plasticizer is not particularly limited, but alkylphthalylalkyl glycolates can be preferably used.
- alkyl phthalyl alkyl glycolates include methyl phthalyl methyl glycolate, ethyl phthalyl ethyl glycolate, propyl phthalyl propyl glycolate, butyl phthalyl butyl glycolate, octyl phthalyl octyl glycolate, methyl phthalyl ethyl Glycolate, ethyl phthalyl methyl glycolate, ethyl phthalyl propyl glycolate, methyl phthalyl butyl glycolate, ethyl phthalyl butyl glycolate, butyl phthalyl methyl glycolate, butyl phthalyl ethyl glycolate, propyl phthalyl butyl glycol Butyl phthalyl propyl glycolate, methyl phthalyl octyl glycolate, ethyl phthalyl octyl glycolate, octyl phthalyl
- phthalate ester plasticizer examples include diethyl phthalate, dimethoxyethyl phthalate, dimethyl phthalate, dioctyl phthalate, dibutyl phthalate, di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate, dioctyl phthalate, dicyclohexyl phthalate, and dicyclohexyl terephthalate.
- citrate plasticizer examples include acetyl trimethyl citrate, acetyl triethyl citrate, and acetyl tributyl citrate.
- fatty acid ester plasticizers examples include butyl oleate, methylacetyl ricinoleate, and dibutyl sebacate.
- phosphate ester plasticizer examples include triphenyl phosphate, tricresyl phosphate, cresyl diphenyl phosphate, octyl diphenyl phosphate, diphenyl biphenyl phosphate, trioctyl phosphate, tributyl phosphate, and the like.
- the polyvalent carboxylic acid ester compound is composed of an ester of a divalent or higher, preferably a divalent to 20valent polyvalent carboxylic acid and an alcohol.
- the aliphatic polyvalent carboxylic acid is preferably divalent to 20-valent, and in the case of an aromatic polyvalent carboxylic acid or alicyclic polyvalent carboxylic acid, it is preferably trivalent to 20-valent.
- the polyvalent carboxylic acid is represented by the following general formula (b).
- R12 (COOH) m1 (OH) n1
- R12 represents an (m1 + n1) -valent organic group
- m1 represents a positive integer of 2 or more
- n1 represents an integer of 0 or more
- a COOH group represents a carboxyl group
- an OH group represents an alcoholic or phenolic hydroxyl group.
- the molecular weight of the polyvalent carboxylic acid ester compound is not particularly limited, but is preferably in the range of 300 to 1000, and more preferably in the range of 350 to 750.
- the larger one is preferable in terms of improvement in retention, and the smaller one is preferable in terms of moisture permeability and compatibility with cellulose acetate.
- the alcohol used for the polyvalent carboxylic acid ester that can be used in the present invention may be one kind or a mixture of two or more kinds.
- Examples of particularly preferable polyvalent carboxylic acid ester compounds include, for example, triethyl citrate, tributyl citrate, acetyl triethyl citrate (ATEC), acetyl tributyl citrate (ATBC), benzoyl tributyl citrate, acetyl triphenyl citrate, Acetyl tribenzyl citrate, dibutyl tartrate, diacetyl dibutyl tartrate, tributyl trimellitic acid, tetrabutyl pyromellitic acid and the like can be mentioned.
- the plasticizer can be appropriately used in the range of 1 to 40% by mass of the cellulose ester film.
- the cellulose ester contained in the film containing a cellulose ester and an acrylic resin is 1.0 ⁇ X + Y ⁇ 2.1, where X is the substitution degree of the acetyl group and Y is the substitution degree of the acyl group having 3 or more carbon atoms. It is preferable to satisfy.
- the cellulose ester preferably has a total acyl substitution degree of 1.0 or more and less than 2.1.
- the total acyl substitution degree indicates the average value of the number of esterified hydroxyl groups (hydroxyl groups) among the three hydroxyl groups (hydroxyl groups) of anhydroglucose constituting cellulose.
- the substitution degree Y of the acyl group having 3 or more carbon atoms of the cellulose ester of the present invention is 0.9 or more, the hydrophobicity of the cellulose ester is improved, and the fluctuation of the retardation value with respect to the environmental humidity becomes smaller.
- the total acyl substitution degree of the cellulose ester is less than 1.0, the film surface quality is deteriorated due to an increase in the dope viscosity, and the water resistance may be extremely lowered. Further, when the total acyl substitution degree is 2.0 or more, the water resistance is improved, but on the other hand, sufficient moisture permeability for drying the polarizing plate cannot be obtained. Furthermore, by adding the polymer or oligomer of the vinyl compound of the present invention, the retardation performance is greatly reduced, but by using a cellulose ester having an acyl substitution degree of less than 2.1, the retardation performance is reduced. Can be increased.
- the acyl group is preferably an aliphatic acyl group.
- the portion not substituted with an acyl group usually exists as a hydroxyl group (hydroxyl group).
- the film cellulose ester containing a cellulose ester and an acrylic resin is preferably a cellulose ester containing at least one selected from cellulose acetate, cellulose diacetate, cellulose acetate propionate, and cellulose acetate butyrate.
- the acrylic resin contained in the film containing the cellulose ester and the acrylic resin is not particularly limited in structure, but the weight average molecular weight obtained by polymerizing the ethylenically unsaturated monomer is 500 or more and 200,000 or less. It is preferable that it is a polymer which is.
- the acrylic resin contained in the film containing cellulose ester and acrylic resin may be composed of a single monomer or a plurality of types of monomers.
- the monomer is preferably selected from acrylic acid ester or methacrylic acid ester, but appropriately contains other monomers such as maleic anhydride, styrene, etc. depending on the retardation characteristics, wavelength dispersion characteristics, and heat resistance of the film to be produced. It does not matter.
- acrylic resin contained in the film containing cellulose ester and acrylic resin will be described as polymer X.
- the polymer X used in the present invention comprises an ethylenically unsaturated monomer Xa having no aromatic ring and a polar group in the molecule and an ethylenically unsaturated monomer Xb having no aromatic ring and a polar group in the molecule.
- a polymer represented by the following general formula (11) having a weight average molecular weight of 500 or more and 200,000 or less obtained by polymerization is preferable. Further, it is preferably solid at 30 ° C. or glass transition temperature of 35 ° C. or higher.
- the weight average molecular weight is 500 or more, the effect of improving corner unevenness is large, and when it is 200,000 or less, the compatibility with the cellulose ester and the transparency are excellent.
- the monomers as monomer units constituting the polymer X used in the present invention are listed below, but are not limited thereto.
- Examples of the ethylenically unsaturated monomer Xa having no aromatic ring and no polar group in the molecule include methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, propyl acrylate (i-, n-), butyl acrylate (n-, i-, s-, t-), pentyl acrylate (n-, i-, s-), hexyl acrylate (n-, i-), heptyl acrylate (n-, i-), octyl acrylate (n-, i-), nonyl acrylate (n-, i-), myristyl acrylate (n-, i-), acrylic acid (2-ethylhexyl), acrylic acid ( ⁇ -caprolactone), acrylic acid (2-hydroxyethyl) And acrylic acid (2-ethoxyethyl), etc., or those obtained by replacing the acrylic acid ester with a methacrylic acid ester.
- the ethylenically unsaturated monomer Xb having no aromatic ring in the molecule and having a polar group is preferably an acrylic acid or a methacrylic acid ester as a monomer unit having a hydroxyl group, such as 2-hydroxyethyl (meth) acrylate, 2-hydroxypropyl (meth) acrylate, 4-hydroxybutyl (meth) acrylate, 6-hydroxyhexyl (meth) acrylate, 8-hydroxyoctyl (meth) acrylate, 10-hydroxydecyl (meth) acrylate, Hydroxyl group-containing monomers such as (meth) acrylic acid 12-hydroxylauryl and (4-hydroxymethylcyclohexyl) -methyl acrylate; (meth) acrylic acid, carboxyethyl (meth) acrylate, carboxypentyl (meth) acrylate, itaconic acid, Maleic acid Carboxyl group-containing monomers such as fumaric acid and crotonic acid;
- (N-substituted) amides such as (meth) acrylamide, N, N-dimethyl (meth) acrylamide, N-butyl (meth) acrylamide, N-methylol (meth) acrylamide, N-methylolpropane (meth) acrylamide, etc.
- the polymer X is synthesized by copolymerization using the hydrophobic monomer Xa and the polar monomer Xb. Further, the above-described hydrophobic monomer or polar monomer can be used as the monomer Xc to form a terpolymer.
- the use ratio during the synthesis of the hydrophobic monomer Xa and the polar monomer Xb is preferably in the range of 99: 1 to 50:50, more preferably in the range of 95: 5 to 60:40.
- the use ratio of the hydrophobic monomer Xa is large, the compatibility with the cellulose ester is lowered, but the effect of reducing the fluctuation of the retardation value with respect to the environmental humidity is high.
- the use ratio of the polar monomer Xb is large, the compatibility with the cellulose ester is improved, but the fluctuation of the retardation value with respect to the environmental humidity is increased.
- the haze comes out at the time of film forming when the usage-amount of polar monomer Xb exceeds the said range, it is unpreferable.
- a polymerization method In order to synthesize such a polymer, it is difficult to control the molecular weight in normal polymerization, and it is desirable to use a method that can align the molecular weight as much as possible without increasing the molecular weight.
- Examples of such a polymerization method include a method using a peroxide polymerization initiator such as cumene peroxide and t-butyl hydroperoxide, a method using a polymerization initiator in a larger amount than usual polymerization, and a mercapto compound in addition to the polymerization initiator.
- a method using a chain transfer agent such as carbon tetrachloride a method using a polymerization terminator such as benzoquinone and dinitrobenzene in addition to the polymerization initiator, and further, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2000-128911 or 2000-344823.
- a bulk polymerization method using a polymerization catalyst in which the compound and an organometallic compound are used in combination Preferably used.
- the weight average molecular weight of the polymer X used in the present invention can be adjusted by a known molecular weight adjusting method.
- a molecular weight adjusting method include a method of adding a chain transfer agent such as carbon tetrachloride, lauryl mercaptan, octyl thioglycolate, and the like.
- the polymerization temperature is usually room temperature to 130 ° C., preferably 50 ° C. to 100 ° C., and this temperature or the polymerization reaction time can be adjusted.
- the measuring method of the weight average molecular weight can be based on the molecular weight measuring method.
- the amount of polymer X (acrylic resin) added is appropriately adjusted in order to give the film desired performance.
- a large amount is added to reduce the fluctuation of the photoelastic coefficient and retardation value with respect to the environmental humidity, and a small amount is added to increase the retardation performance.
- the amount is used for a liquid crystal television as a retardation film.
- corner irregularities that change the color of the corners of the screen, and further fluctuations in the viewing angle and color due to changes in the phase difference value from the initial setting values are necessary. Therefore, it is preferably 5% by mass or more and 50% by mass or less, more preferably 10 to 50% by mass with respect to the total of the cellulose ester and the acrylic resin.
- the moisture permeability of the protective film F2 or F3 measured at 40 ° C. and 90% RH in accordance with JIS Z0208 is 150 to 900 g / m 2 ⁇ 24 hr, and 250 to 800 g / m 2 ⁇ It is preferably 24 hr, and most preferably 500 to 800 g / m 2 ⁇ 24 hr.
- the adjustment of moisture permeability can be performed by a generally performed method, and can be performed according to the composition of the protective film, the manufacturing method and manufacturing conditions of the protective film, and the like.
- the moisture permeability of the protective film according to the production conditions of the protective film for example, if it is a solution casting method, it can be adjusted by the solvent used and the drying method.
- the adjustment method varies depending on the composition of the material, it is possible to reduce the water vapor transmission rate by increasing the ratio of the good solvent or increasing the drying temperature. Or, generally, it is possible to adjust the stretching conditions or to adjust by post-drying conditions, and to adjust by the film thickness.
- the protective film on the liquid crystal cell side used in the present invention preferably has an internal haze of 0.05 or less, more preferably 0.03 or less, and still more preferably 0.01 or less.
- the internal haze is a haze generated by a scattering factor inside the film, and the internal is a portion of 5 ⁇ m or more from the film surface.
- This internal haze is measured by a haze meter by dropping a solvent having a refractive index of ⁇ 0.05 on the film interface to make the haze on the film surface negligible as much as possible.
- Haze meter (turbidity meter) (model: NDH 2000, manufactured by Nippon Denshoku Co., Ltd.)
- the light source uses a 5V9W halogen bulb, and the light receiving unit uses a silicon photocell (with a relative visibility filter).
- the present invention is characterized in that the value is 0.05 or less in the haze measurement of a film when a solvent having a refractive index of ⁇ 0.05 is used as the film interface in this apparatus.
- the measurement was performed according to JIS K-7136.
- the blank haze 1 of a measuring instrument other than the film is measured.
- the haze 2 including the sample is measured according to the following procedure.
- sample was prepared after the cellulose ester film was conditioned at 23 ° C. and 55% RH for 5 hours or more, and all the above haze measurements were performed at 23 ° C. and 55% RH.
- the glass and glycerin used in the above measurement are as follows.
- the protective film F2 or F3 may have a phase difference corresponding to the required optical compensation effect.
- the retardation Ro in the in-plane direction of the film is preferably 30 nm or more, and more preferably 30 to 200 nm.
- the retardation Rth in the thickness direction of the film is preferably 70 nm or more, and more preferably 70 to 400 nm.
- the retardation of the film is not particularly limited, but can generally be adjusted by stretching conditions.
- Ro and Rth are represented by the following formulas.
- Ro (nx ⁇ ny) ⁇ d
- Rth ⁇ (nx + ny) / 2 ⁇ nz ⁇ ⁇ d
- D film thickness (nm)
- nx refractive index in the slow axis direction in the film plane
- ny refractive index in the direction perpendicular to the slow axis in the film plane
- nz film in the thickness direction Refractive index).
- the Ro and Rth of the film can be measured, for example, using KOBRA-21ADH (Oji Scientific Instruments Co., Ltd.) in an environment of 23 ° C. and 55% RH at a wavelength of 590 nm.
- KOBRA-21ADH Oji Scientific Instruments Co., Ltd.
- the thickness of the protective film F2 or F3 is not particularly limited, but can be about 10 to 200 ⁇ m, preferably 10 to 100 ⁇ m, and more preferably 20 to 80 ⁇ m.
- the protective film F1 (the protective film on the viewing side) or F4 (the protective film on the backlight side) is not particularly limited, but the cellulose has an acetyl group substitution degree X in the range of the following formula (II).
- a film containing an ester is preferably used.
- Films containing cellulose ester used as protective film F1 or F4 are, for example, commercially available cellulose ester films (for example, Konica Minoltack KC8UX, KC5UX, KC8UCR3, KC8UCR4, KC8UCR5, KC8UY, KC4UY, KC8UE, KC8UE, HC8U, KC8UX-RHA, KC8UXW-RHA-C, KC8UXW-RHA-NC, KC4UXW-RHA-NC, manufactured by Konica Minolta Opto Co., Ltd.) are also preferably used.
- commercially available cellulose ester films for example, Konica Minoltack KC8UX, KC5UX, KC8UCR3, KC8UCR4, KC8UCR5, KC8UY, KC4UY, KC8UE, KC8UE, HC8U, KC8UX-RHA, KC
- the protective film F1 used on the surface side (viewing side) of the liquid crystal display device preferably has an antireflection layer, an antistatic layer, an antifouling layer, and a backcoat layer. .
- the thickness of the protective film F1 or F4 is not particularly limited, but can be about 10 to 200 ⁇ m, preferably 10 to 100 ⁇ m, and more preferably 10 to 70 ⁇ m.
- the configurations of the first polarizing plate 40 and the second polarizing plate 60 are as described above.
- the polarizing plate used in the present invention can be produced by a general method. It is preferable that the polarizer-side surface of the film containing the cellulose ester of the present invention is subjected to alkali saponification treatment and bonded to at least one surface of the polarizer using a completely saponified polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution.
- the polarizer (the first polarizer 42 and the second polarizer 62), which is the main component of the polarizing plate, is an element that allows only light of a polarization plane in a certain direction to pass.
- a polarizer is a polyvinyl alcohol-type polarizing film, and this includes one obtained by dyeing a polyvinyl alcohol-type film with iodine and one obtained by dyeing a dichroic dye.
- the polarizer is formed by forming a polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution into a film and dyeing the film by uniaxial stretching or dyeing or uniaxially stretching, and then performing a durability treatment with a boron compound.
- the film thickness of the polarizer is preferably 5 to 30 ⁇ m, particularly preferably 10 to 20 ⁇ m.
- the ethylene unit content described in JP-A-2003-248123, JP-A-2003-342322, etc. is 1 to 4 mol%
- the degree of polymerization is 2000 to 4000
- the degree of saponification is 99.0 to 99.99 mol%.
- Ethylene-modified polyvinyl alcohol is also preferably used.
- an ethylene-modified polyvinyl alcohol film having a hot water cutting temperature of 66 to 73 ° C. is preferably used.
- the difference in hot water cutting temperature between two points 5 cm away in the TD direction of the film is more preferably 1 ° C. or less in order to reduce color spots, and two points separated 1 cm in the TD direction of the film. In order to reduce color spots, it is more preferable that the difference in the hot water cutting temperature is 0.5 ° C. or less.
- a polarizer using this ethylene-modified polyvinyl alcohol film is excellent in polarization performance and durability performance and has few color spots, and is particularly preferably used for a large liquid crystal display device.
- the polarizer obtained as described above is usually used as a polarizing plate with a protective film bonded to both sides or one side.
- the adhesive used for pasting include a PVA-based adhesive and a urethane-based adhesive. Among them, a PVA-based adhesive is preferably used.
- the liquid crystal cell 20 included in the liquid crystal display device includes first and second substrates facing each other and a liquid crystal layer that is sandwiched between the first and second substrates and includes p-type nematic liquid crystal.
- a first electrode and a second electrode for driving the p-type nematic liquid crystal are disposed on the first substrate of the first and second substrates.
- the first substrate may be provided on the viewing side of the liquid crystal layer or on the backlight side of the liquid crystal layer, but is preferably provided on the backlight side of the liquid crystal layer.
- the liquid crystal cell 20 tilts (pretilts) the p-type nematic liquid crystal in the vicinity of the first substrate with respect to the first substrate surface, and the p-type nematic liquid crystal in the vicinity of the second substrate. , And perpendicularly to the second substrate surface.
- the inclination angle of the p-type nematic liquid crystal in the vicinity of the first substrate is such that the smaller one of the angles formed by the major axis of the p-type nematic liquid crystal and the first substrate surface is 80 ° or more and less than 90 °. It is preferable to do.
- the electric field generated between the first electrode and the second electrode causes the p-type nematic liquid crystal in the vicinity of the first substrate to be substantially horizontal with respect to the first substrate surface. To be oriented.
- liquid crystal cell 20 examples include the liquid crystal cells described in JP 2009-288436 A, JP 2010-152372 A, or JP 2009-301010 A.
- FIG. 3 is a conceptual diagram showing an example of the structure of a liquid crystal cell that can be used in the present invention.
- the liquid crystal cell 20 includes an active matrix substrate (first substrate) 110, a counter substrate (second substrate) 120 facing the active matrix substrate 110, and the active matrix substrate 110 and counter substrate. And a liquid crystal layer 130 sandwiched therebetween.
- the active matrix substrate 110 includes an insulating substrate 111, a thin film transistor (not shown) disposed on the main surface on the liquid crystal layer 130 side, and a pixel electrode provided for each subpixel and connected to the thin film transistor by a drain wiring.
- 112 first electrode
- a counter electrode 113 second electrode
- an alignment film 115 disposed on the surface on the liquid crystal layer 130 side so as to cover them.
- the pixel electrode 112 and the counter electrode 113 have a comb-like shape in the sub-pixel region, and the pixel electrode 112 and the counter electrode 113 are mutually connected. It is arranged so as to mesh.
- the thin film transistor is provided for each sub-pixel, and includes a plurality of gate bus lines that transmit scanning signals, a plurality of Cs bus lines, and a plurality of source bus lines that transmit image signals. Have.
- the counter substrate 120 is a colorless and transparent insulating substrate 121, a black matrix 122 provided on the main surface on the liquid crystal layer 130 side, having an opening, a color filter 123 provided in the opening of the black matrix 122, And an alignment film 125 provided on the liquid crystal layer 130 side so as to cover the black matrix 122 and the color filter 123.
- the liquid crystal layer 130 includes liquid crystal molecules 131 that are nematic liquid crystal materials (p-type nematic liquid crystal materials) having positive dielectric anisotropy.
- the liquid crystal molecules 131 in the vicinity of the active matrix substrate 110 preferably have an angle with the major axis (of the liquid crystal molecules 131) of 80 ° or more and less than 90 ° with respect to the surface of the active matrix substrate 110 due to the alignment regulating force of the alignment film 115.
- the tilt orientation (pretilt) On the other hand, the liquid crystal molecules 131 in the vicinity of the counter substrate 120 have their major axes (of the liquid crystal molecules 131) aligned perpendicular to the surface of the counter substrate 120 due to the alignment regulating force of the alignment film 125.
- an image signal (voltage) is applied to the pixel electrode 112 via a thin film transistor (TFT), whereby the substrate surface is interposed between the pixel electrode 112 and the counter electrode 113.
- TFT thin film transistor
- the liquid crystal molecules 131 in the vicinity of the active matrix substrate 110 are aligned so that the major axis thereof is substantially horizontal with respect to the substrate surface of the active matrix substrate 110.
- the liquid crystal layer 130 is driven, and the image display is performed by changing the transmittance and reflectance of each sub-pixel.
- the liquid crystal cell 20 having such a configuration has a high aperture ratio.
- the LED backlight 80 included in the liquid crystal display device generally reproduces white by combining a blue LED and a phosphor.
- the LED called the pseudo-white type has two peaks around 480 nm (blue) and 570 nm (yellow), and the LED called the high color rendering white type has 530 nm (green) and 620 nm (red) in addition to blue. 3 peaks are observed. However, since the wavelength characteristics are different from those of the cold cathode tube, white reproduction is different.
- the effect of the present invention is remarkable in the vertical alignment ECB type liquid crystal display device described in JP-A-2009-301010. This is because the liquid crystal display device has a high aperture ratio of 65% or more, so that the red color change of the polarizing plate can be clearly seen.
- the moisture permeability of the protective film on both sides of the polarizer is important.
- the mechanism is considered to decompose polyiodine when water on the polarizer surface remains aggregated.
- a film having low moisture permeability is on the liquid crystal cell side of the polarizer, it is estimated that an environment in which the decomposition of polyiodine easily proceeds due to retention of moisture or the like is assumed. Therefore, the moisture permeability of the protective film is important.
- At least one of the protective films F2 and F3 disposed on the liquid crystal cell side includes a cellulose ester, and the above-described moisture permeability range. Visibility can be improved and generation
- production of redness can be suppressed by setting it as the film filled.
- ⁇ Fine particle additive solution Cellulose acetate (total acetyl group substitution degree 1.90) was added to a dissolution tank containing methylene chloride and heated to completely dissolve, then, this was added to Azumi Filter Paper No. Azumi Filter Paper No. Filtered using 244. The fine particle dispersion was slowly added while sufficiently stirring the cellulose acetate solution after filtration. Further, the particles were dispersed by an attritor so that the secondary particles had a predetermined particle size. This was filtered through Finemet NF manufactured by Nippon Seisen Co., Ltd. to prepare a fine particle additive solution. (Composition of fine particle addition liquid) Methylene chloride: 99 parts by weight Cellulose acetate (total acetyl group substitution degree 1.90): 4 parts by weight Fine particle dispersion: 11 parts by weight
- a main dope solution having the following composition was prepared. First, methylene chloride and ethanol were charged into a pressure dissolution tank. Cellulose acetate (total acetyl group substitution degree 1.90) was charged into a pressure dissolution tank containing a solvent while stirring. This was heated and completely dissolved while stirring, and a plasticizer was further added and dissolved. This was designated as Azumi Filter Paper No. The main dope solution was prepared by filtration using 244.
- Protective film 4UY indicates Konica Minolta Tack KC4UY (cellulose triacetate film manufactured by Konica Minolta Opto).
- the polycarbonate of the protective film 115 was prepared by dissolving polycarbonate obtained from bisphenol A in methylene chloride, forming a solution, and stretching to adjust the retardation (R0, Rt).
- the Ro, Rt and moisture permeability of the obtained protective film were measured by the following methods.
- Ro and Rt were measured by using an automatic birefringence meter KOBRA-21ADH (Oji Scientific Instruments) with light of 23 ° C., 55% RH and 590 nm.
- the moisture permeability was measured according to JIS Z0208 under conditions of 40 ° C. and 90% RH.
- the evaluation results of the protective films 101 to 115 are shown in Table 1.
- Ac means acetate
- Pr means propiate
- Bu means butyrate.
- Preparation of protective film 201 1) Synthesis of acrylic resins A1 to A6 40 g of monomer Xa and Xb mixed solution of the types and ratios shown in Table 3 in a glass flask equipped with a stirrer, two dropping funnels, a gas introduction tube and a thermometer Then, 2 g of mercaptopropionic acid as a chain transfer agent and 30 g of toluene were charged, and the temperature was raised to 90 ° C.
- the weight average molecular weights of the obtained acrylic resins A1 to A6 were measured by the following method.
- the weight average molecular weight Mw and number average molecular weight Mn of the cellulose ester were measured using gel permeation chromatography (GPC).
- the measurement conditions are as follows.
- Table 2 shows the measurement results of the composition and weight average molecular weight of the obtained acrylic resin.
- MMA is methyl methacrylate
- HEMA is hydroxyethyl methacrylate
- ACMO is acryloylmorpholine
- VP vinylpyrrolidone
- the prepared dope solution was filtered, and then uniformly cast on a stainless steel band support at a temperature of 22 ° C. and a width of 2 m using a belt casting apparatus.
- the solvent was evaporated on the stainless steel band support until the residual solvent amount of the coating film reached 100%, and the web was obtained by peeling from the stainless steel band support with a peeling tension of 162 N / m.
- the peeled cellulose ester web was evaporated at 35 ° C., slit to 1.6 m width, and then dried at a drying temperature of 135 ° C. while stretching 1.1 times in the width direction with a tenter. At this time, the residual solvent amount when starting stretching with a tenter was 10%.
- Protective films 202 to 222 were produced in the same manner as described above except that the composition of the dope solution (cellulose ester and acrylic resin) was changed as shown in Table 3.
- Ro, Rt and moisture permeability of the protective films 201 to 222 were measured in the same manner as described above.
- the evaluation results of the protective films 201 to 222 are shown in Table 3.
- Ac means acetate
- Pr means propiate
- Bu means butyrate
- Pen means validate.
- the polarizer, the protective film 2, the protective film shown in Table 1 or 3 and the protective film 1 on the back side are Konica Minolta Tack KC4UY (cellulose manufactured by Konica Minolta Opto Co., Ltd.). A triacetate film) was bonded to produce a polarizing plate.
- the protective film 2 is a cellulose ester film or a film containing a cellulose ester and an acrylic resin
- the surface of the side to be bonded to the polarizer of these films is 2 mol / L water at 60 ° C. It was immersed in a sodium oxide solution for 90 seconds, then washed with water, dried and saponified.
- Step 2 When the protective film 2 is a polycarbonate film, the surface of the film to be bonded to the polarizer was subjected to corona discharge treatment.
- Step 3 The protective film produced in Step 1 or 2 was placed so as to have the structure shown in Table 4, and water paste was applied to the protective film while being fed out.
- Table 4 the polarizer is sandwiched between the protective film 1 and the protective film 2.
- Step 4 The laminate of the protective film 2, the polarizer and the protective film 1 (back side cellulose ester film) obtained in Step 3 was bonded at a pressure of 20 to 30 N / cm 2 and a conveying speed of about 2 m / min. .
- Step 5 A drying treatment was performed at 80 ° C. for 3 to 10 minutes to obtain a polarizing plate.
- An adhesive layer was provided on the peeled polyethylene terephthalate film, and the surface of the adhesive layer was attached to the protective film 2 side of the obtained polarizing plate to produce a polarizing plate with an adhesive layer, which was cut into a size of 40 inches.
- Example 1 Production of Liquid Crystal Display Device A
- the first substrate and the second substrate the first substrate A liquid crystal cell having a liquid crystal layer having a positive dielectric anisotropy is provided between the substrates, the first electrode on the liquid crystal layer side of the first substrate and the first electrode in the pixel facing the first electrode in parallel.
- the second electrode is disposed and driven by an electric field generated between the first electrode and the second electrode.
- the liquid crystal molecules in the vicinity of the first substrate are inclined with respect to the first substrate surface.
- a liquid crystal display device having a liquid crystal cell (liquid crystal cell A, aperture ratio 67%) in which the major axis of the liquid crystal molecules in the vicinity of the second substrate is aligned perpendicularly to the surface of the second substrate is prepared.
- the produced polarizing plate 1101 was attached to the glass surface on the viewing side of the obtained liquid crystal cell A; the produced polarizing plate 1301 was attached to the glass surface on the backlight side of the liquid crystal cell A.
- the polarizing plate 1101 is bonded so that the protective film 101 included in the polarizing plate 1101 is disposed on the liquid crystal cell A side; the polarizing plate 1301 is bonded so that the polarizer is disposed on the liquid crystal cell A side.
- As the backlight unit an LED backlight unit of a liquid crystal display (40-inch display BRAVIA-KDL-40EX700 manufactured by SONY) described later was used. Thereby, the liquid crystal display device A was produced.
- Example 2 to 34 A liquid crystal display device A was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the polarizing plates to be attached to both surfaces of the liquid crystal cell A were changed as shown in Table 5.
- Example 5 A liquid crystal display device A was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the polarizing plates to be attached to both surfaces of the liquid crystal cell A were changed as shown in Table 5.
- liquid crystal display device B A liquid crystal display device using a liquid crystal material having a negative dielectric anisotropy and a liquid crystal cell (liquid crystal cell B, 53% aperture) of SONY 40-inch display BRAVIA-KDL-40EX700 The combined polarizing plates on both sides were peeled off.
- the liquid crystal cell B is a normal VA cell, and is disposed on one of a pair of substrates opposed to the first electrode; the second electrode is disposed on the other substrate.
- the produced polarizing plate 1101 was attached to the glass surface on the viewing side of the obtained liquid crystal cell B; the produced polarizing plate 1301 was attached to the glass surface on the backlight side of the liquid crystal cell B.
- the polarizing plate 1101 is bonded so that the protective film 101 included in the polarizing plate 1101 is disposed on the liquid crystal cell B side; and the polarizing plate 1301 is bonded so that the polarizer is disposed on the liquid crystal cell B side. Thereby, a liquid crystal display device B was produced.
- a liquid crystal display device B was produced in the same manner as in Reference Example 1 except that the polarizing plates to be attached to both surfaces of the liquid crystal cell B were changed as shown in Table 6.
- the liquid crystal display device was conditioned at 23 ° C. and 55% RH for 24 hours, and then a white image was displayed.
- the front color was visually observed and the transmission spectrum was observed (CS2000 manufactured by Konica Minolta Sensing Co., Ltd.).
- CS2000 manufactured by Konica Minolta Sensing Co., Ltd.
- the visual tint on the front of the bonded polarizing plate was the same.
- no difference was observed in the transmission spectrum.
- the liquid crystal display device was placed at 40 ° C. and 95% RH for 48 hours. It was taken out and a white image was displayed, which was similarly observed in an atmosphere of 23 ° C. and 55% RH.
- 650 nm transmittance change with respect to 550 nm is less than 1% 4
- 650 nm change with respect to 550 nm being 1% or more and less than 3% 3
- Visually slightly pinkish with a change of 650 nm with respect to 550 nm being 1 % Or more and less than 3% 2
- the change of 650 nm with respect to 550 nm is 1% or more and less than 3%. 1
- the redness can be clearly recognized visually, and the transmittance change of 650 nm with respect to 550 nm is 3% or more.
- a liquid crystal display device having an optical film group that has excellent viewing angle characteristics, does not cause reddish discoloration in a polarizing plate, and does not deteriorate display image quality. can do.
- Liquid crystal display device 20 Liquid crystal cell 40 1st polarizing plate 42 1st polarizer 44 Protective film (F1) 46 Protective film (F2) 60 Second polarizing plate 62 Second polarizer 64 Protective film (F3) 66 Protection Film (F4) 80 Backlight 110 Active matrix substrate (first substrate) 111, 121 Insulating substrate 112 Pixel electrode (first electrode) 113 Counter electrode (second electrode) 115, 125 Alignment film 120 Counter substrate (second substrate) 122 Black matrix 123 Color filter 130 Liquid crystal layer 131 Liquid crystal molecule
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Abstract
Description
[1] 第一の偏光子を有する第一の偏光板と、液晶セルと、第二の偏光子を有する第二の偏光板と、LEDバックライトとをこの順に有する液晶表示装置であって、前記液晶セルは、対向する第一および第二の基板と、前記第一および第二の基板に挟持され、p型ネマチック液晶を含む液晶層とを有し、前記第一の基板に、前記p型ネマチック液晶を駆動するための第一の電極と第二の電極とが配置され、電圧無印加時には、前記第一の基板近傍のp型ネマチック液晶は前記第一の基板面に対して傾斜配向しており、かつ前記第二の基板近傍のp型ネマチック液晶は前記第二の基板面に対して垂直配向しており、前記第一の偏光板と第二の偏光板のいずれか一方または両方は、前記第一の偏光子または第二の偏光子の液晶セル側の面に配置された保護フィルムを有し、前記保護フィルムは、セルロースエステルを含み、かつ前記保護フィルムの、JIS Z0208に準拠して40℃、90%RH下で測定される透湿度が150~900g/m2・24hrである、液晶表示装置。
[2] 前記保護フィルムは、前記第一の偏光子の液晶セル側の面と前記第二の偏光子の液晶セル側の面のいずれか一方のみに配置されている、[1]に記載の液晶表示装置。
[3] 前記保護フィルムは、前記第一の偏光子の液晶セル側の面と前記第二の偏光子の液晶セル側の面の両方に配置されている、[1]に記載の液晶表示装置。
[4] 前記保護フィルムは、前記セルロースエステルを主成分として含み、前記セルロースエステルは、アセチル基の置換度をXとし、炭素数3以上のアシル基の置換度をYとしたとき、2.1≦X+Y≦2.6を満たす、[1]~[3]のいずれかに記載の液晶表示装置。
[5] 前記保護フィルムに含まれる前記セルロースエステルは、セルロースアセテートプロピオネートである、[4]に記載の液晶表示装置。
[6] 前記保護フィルムは、前記セルロースエステルとアクリル樹脂とを含み、前記セルロースエステルは、アセチル基の置換度をXとし、炭素数3以上のアシル基の置換度をYとしたとき、1.0≦X+Y<2.1を満たす、[1]~[3]のいずれかに記載の液晶表示装置。
[7] 前記保護フィルムに含まれる前記アクリル樹脂の比率は、前記セルロースエステルとアクリル樹脂の合計100質量部に対して5~50質量部である、[6]に記載の液晶表示装置。
[8] 前記保護フィルムに含まれる前記アクリル樹脂の重量平均分子量は、500以上200000以下である、[6]または[7]に記載の液晶表示装置。
[9] 開口率が65%以上である、[1]~[8]のいずれかに記載の液晶表示装置。
液晶セル側に配置される保護フィルムF2とF3の少なくとも一方は、JIS Z0208に準拠して40℃、90%RH下で測定される透湿度が、150~900g/m2・24hrであり、250~800g/m2・24hrであることが好ましく、500~800g/m2・24hrであることが最も好ましい。
(セルロースエステル)
液晶セル側に配置されるセルロースエステルフィルムに含まれるセルロースエステルは、セルロースアセテート、セルロースアセテートブチレート、セルロースアセテートプロピオネートであり、中でもセルロースアセテートおよびセルロースアセテートプロピオネートが好ましい。
さらに好ましくは2.3≦X+Y≦2.5である。セルロースエステルの水酸基のうち、アセチル基や炭素数3以上のアシル基で置換されていない部分は、通常、水酸基として存在している。
液晶セル側に配置されるセルロースエステルフィルムには、物性改良剤として一般式(1)で表される糖エステル化合物を含有させることが好ましい。
式中、Bはヒドロキシ基またはカルボン酸残基、Gは炭素数2~12のアルキレングリコール残基または炭素数6~12のアリールグリコール残基または炭素数が4~12のオキシアルキレングリコール残基、Aは炭素数4~12のアルキレンジカルボン酸残基または炭素数6~12のアリールジカルボン酸残基を表す。pは1以上の整数を表す。
セルロースエステルフィルムは、本発明の効果を得る上で必要に応じて一般式(1)、(2)で表される化合物以外の可塑剤などの添加剤を含有することができる。
但し、R11はn価の有機基、nは2以上の正の整数、OH基はアルコール性、および/またはフェノール性水酸基を表す。
式中、R12は(m1+n1)価の有機基、m1は2以上の正の整数、n1は0以上の整数、COOH基はカルボキシル基、OH基はアルコール性またはフェノール性水酸基を表す。
(セルロースエステル)
液晶セル側に配置される保護フィルムF2とF3の少なくとも一方が、セルロースエステルとアクリル樹脂とを含むフィルムである時のセルロースエステルについて説明する。
セルロースエステルとアクリル樹脂とを含むフィルムに含まれるアクリル樹脂としては、特に構造が限定されるものではないが、エチレン性不飽和モノマーを重合して得られた重量平均分子量が500以上200,000以下である重合体であることが好ましい。
本発明に用いられるポリマーXは、分子内に芳香環と極性基を有しないエチレン性不飽和モノマーXaと分子内に芳香環を有せず、極性基を有するエチレン性不飽和モノマーXbとを共重合して得られた重量平均分子量500以上200,000以下の下記一般式(11)で表されるポリマーであることが好ましい。更に30℃下にて固体であるか、もしくはガラス転移温度が35℃以上であることが好ましい。
-[Xa]m11-[Xb]n11-
m11およびn11は、モル組成比を表し、m11+n11=100である。
本発明の液晶表示装置において、液晶セル側に配置される保護フィルムの少なくとも一方は、透湿度を十分に持たせる必要がある。前述の通り、保護フィルムF2またはF3の、JIS Z0208に準拠して40℃、90%RH下で測定される透湿度が、150~900g/m2・24hrであり、250~800g/m2・24hrであることが好ましく、500~800g/m2・24hrであることが最も好ましい。
本発明に用いられる液晶セル側の保護フィルムは、内部ヘイズが0.05以下であることが好ましく、より好ましくは0.03以下、更に好ましくは0.01以下である。
ヘイズメーター(濁度計)(型式:NDH 2000、日本電色(株)製)
光源は、5V9Wハロゲン球、受光部は、シリコンフォトセル(比視感度フィルター付き)を用いている。
2.その上にカバーガラスを乗せる。カバーガラスは押さえなくてもグリセリンは広がる。
5.その上に測定する試料フィルムを気泡が入らないように乗せる。(図2B参照)
6.試料フィルム上にグリセリンを滴下する。(0.05ml)(図2C参照)
7.その上にカバーガラスを載せる。(図2D参照)
8.上記のように作製した積層体(上から、カバーガラス/グリセリン/試料フィルム/グリセリン/スライドガラス)をヘイズメーターにセットしヘイズ2を測定する。
グリセリン:関東化学製 鹿特級(純度>99.0%)、屈折率1.47
Ro=(nx-ny)×d
Rth={(nx+ny)/2-nz}×d
(d:フィルムの厚み(nm)、nx:フィルム面内の遅相軸方向の屈折率、ny:フィルム面内において、遅相軸に対して直交する方向の屈折率、nz:厚み方向におけるフィルムの屈折率)。
保護フィルムF1(視認側の保護フィルム)またはF4(バックライト側の保護フィルム)は、特に制限されないが、アセチル基の置換度Xが下記式(II)の範囲にあるセルロースエステルを含むフィルムが好ましく用いられる。
第一の偏光板40および第二の偏光板60の構成は、前述した通りである。本発明に用いられる偏光板は、一般的な方法で作製することができる。本発明のセルロースエステルを含むフィルムの偏光子側の面をアルカリ鹸化処理し、偏光子の少なくとも一方の面に、完全鹸化型ポリビニルアルコール水溶液を用いて貼り合わせることが好ましい。
液晶表示装置に含まれる液晶セル20は、対向する第一および第二の基板と、該第一および第二の基板に挟持され、p型ネマチック液晶を含む液晶層とを有する。そして、第一および第二の基板のうち第一の基板上に、p型ネマチック液晶を駆動するための第一の電極と第二の電極とが配置されている。第一の基板は、液晶層の視認側に設けられても、液晶層のバックライト側に設けられてもよいが、液晶層のバックライト側に設けられることが好ましい。
液晶表示装置に含まれるLEDバックライト80は、一般的には、青色LEDと蛍光体を組み合わせることによって白色を再現している。疑似白色タイプと呼ばれるLEDは、480nm(青)付近と570nm(黄)付近の2ピークが観察され、高演色白色タイプと呼ばれるLEDは、青以外に、530nm(緑)付近、620nm(赤)付近の3ピークが観察される。しかしながら、冷陰極管とは、波長特性が異なることから白の再現は異なっている。
保護フィルム101の作製
〈微粒子分散液の作製〉
微粒子(アエロジルR972V(日本アエロジル株式会社製)、一次粒子の平均径16nm、見掛け比重90g/リットル):11質量部
エタノール:89質量部
以上をディゾルバーで50分間攪拌混合した後、マントンゴーリンで分散し、微粒子分散液を得た。
メチレンクロライドを入れた溶解タンクにセルロースアセテート(総アセチル基置換度1.90)を添加し、加熱して完全に溶解させた後、これを安積濾紙(株)製の安積濾紙No.244を使用して濾過した。濾過後のセルロースアセテート溶液を充分に攪拌しながら、上記微粒子分散液をゆっくりと添加した。更に、二次粒子の粒径が所定の大きさとなるようにアトライターにて分散を行った。これを日本精線(株)製のファインメットNFで濾過し、微粒子添加液を調製した。
(微粒子添加液の組成)
メチレンクロライド:99質量部
セルロースアセテート(総アセチル基置換度1.90):4質量部
微粒子分散液:11質量部
〈主ドープ液の組成〉
メチレンクロライド:390質量部
エタノール:80質量部
セルロースアセテート(置換度1.90):100質量部
可塑剤:化合物B-14(一般式(2)で表されるエステル化合物):3.0質量部
可塑剤:スクロースベンゾート(一般式(1)のR1~R10がベンゾイルである糖エステル化合物、平均置換度5.2):10.0質量部
ドープ液の組成(セルロースエステル)を表1に記載のように変更した以外は、上記と同様にして保護フィルム102~113、4UY及び115を作製した。
1)アクリル樹脂A1~A6の合成
攪拌機、2個の滴下ロート、ガス導入管及び温度計の付いたガラスフラスコに、表3記載の種類及び比率のモノマーXa、Xb混合液40g、連鎖移動剤のメルカプトプロピオン酸2g及びトルエン30gを仕込み、90℃に昇温した。その後、一方の滴下ロートから、表1記載の種類及び比率のモノマーXa、Xb混合液60gを3時間かけて滴下すると共に、同時にもう一方のロートからトルエン14gに溶解したアゾビスイソブチロニトリル0.4gを3時間かけて滴下した。その後さらに、トルエン56gに溶解したアゾビスイソブチロニトリル0.6gを2時間かけて滴下した後、さらに2時間反応を継続させ、アクリル樹脂A1~A6を得た。
カラム: Shodex K806、K805、K803G(昭和電工(株)製を3本接続して使用した)
カラム温度:25℃
試料濃度: 0.1質量%
検出器: RI Model 504(GLサイエンス社製)
ポンプ: L6000(日立製作所(株)製)
流量: 1.0ml/min
校正曲線: 標準ポリスチレンSTK standard ポリスチレン(東ソー(株)製)Mw=1,000,000~500の13サンプルによる校正曲線を使用した。13サンプルは、ほぼ等間隔に用いる。
日本精線(株)製のファインメットNFで下記ドープ液を作製した。
(ドープ液の組成)
セルロースエステル(表3記載):70質量部
アクリル樹脂A6(表2参照):30質量部
酸化ケイ素微粒子(アエロジルR972V(日本アエロジル株式会社製)):0.1質量部
メチレンクロライド:300質量部
エタノール:40質量部
ドープ液の組成(セルロースエステル及びアクリル樹脂)を表3に記載のように変更した以外は、上記と同様にして保護フィルム202~222を作製した。
偏光板1101~1113、1115、1201~1222および1301~1302の作製
厚さ75μmのポリビニルアルコールフィルムを、35℃の水で膨潤させた。このフィルムを、ヨウ素0.075g、ヨウ化カリウム5g、水100gからなる水溶液に60秒間浸漬し、次いでヨウ化カリウム3g、ホウ酸7.5g、水100gからなる45℃の水溶液に浸漬した。そして、このフィルムを一軸延伸(温度55℃、延伸倍率5倍)した。これを水洗、乾燥し偏光子を得た。
(実施例1)
液晶表示装置Aの作製
特開2009-288436号公報と特開2010-152372号公報に記載の内容を参考にして、互いに対向配置された第一基板及び第二基板と、第一基板及び第二基板の間に正の誘電率異方性を持つ液晶層とを有する液晶セルを有し、第一基板の液晶層側には、第一電極と、画素内において第一電極に平行に対向する第二電極とが配置され、第一電極及び第二電極間に生じる電界によって駆動され、電圧無印加時に、第一基板近傍の液晶分子は、その長軸が該第一基板面に対して傾斜配向し;第二基板近傍の液晶分子は、その長軸が該第二基板面に対して垂直配向している液晶セル(液晶セルA、開口率67%)を有する液晶表示装置を準備した。
液晶セルAの両面の貼り付ける偏光板を、表5に示されるように変更した以外は、実施例1と同様にして液晶表示装置Aを作製した。
液晶セルAの両面の貼り付ける偏光板を、表5に示されるように変更した以外は、実施例1と同様にして液晶表示装置Aを作製した。
液晶表示装置Bの作製
誘電率異方性が負の液晶材料を用いた液晶表示装置であるSONY製40型ディスプレイBRAVIA-KDL-40EX700の液晶セル(液晶セルB、開口率53%)に予め貼合されていた両面の偏光板を剥がし取った。液晶セルBは、通常のVA方式のセルであり、第一電極が対向する一対の基板のうち一方の基板上に配置され;第二電極が他方の基板上に配置されたものである。
液晶セルBの両面の貼り付ける偏光板を、表6に示されるように変更した以外は、参考例1と同様にして液晶表示装置Bを作製した。
5 目視では白く、550nmに対する650nmの透過率変化が1%未満
4 目視では白く、550nmに対する650nmの変化が1%以上3%未満
3 目視では微妙にピンクがかっており、550nmに対する650nmの変化が1%以上3%未満
2 目視ではピンクがかっており、550nmに対する650nmの変化が1%以上3%未満
1 目視ではっきりと赤みが認識でき、550nmに対する650nmの透過率変化が3%以上
20 液晶セル
40 第一の偏光板
42 第一の偏光子
44 保護フィルム(F1)
46 保護フィルム(F2)
60 第二の偏光板
62 第二の偏光子
64 保護フィルム(F3)
66 保護フィルム(F4)
80 バックライト
110 アクティブマトリクス基板(第一の基板)
111、121 絶縁基板
112 画素電極(第一の電極)
113 対向電極(第二の電極)
115、125 配向膜
120 対向基板(第二の基板)
122 ブラックマトリクス
123 カラーフィルタ
130 液晶層
131 液晶分子
Claims (9)
- 第一の偏光子を有する第一の偏光板と、液晶セルと、第二の偏光子を有する第二の偏光板と、LEDバックライトとをこの順に有する液晶表示装置であって、
前記液晶セルは、対向する第一および第二の基板と、前記第一および第二の基板に挟持され、p型ネマチック液晶を含む液晶層とを有し、
前記第一の基板に、前記p型ネマチック液晶を駆動するための第一の電極と第二の電極とが配置され、
電圧無印加時には、前記第一の基板近傍のp型ネマチック液晶は前記第一の基板面に対して傾斜配向しており、かつ前記第二の基板近傍のp型ネマチック液晶は前記第二の基板面に対して垂直配向しており、
前記第一の偏光板と第二の偏光板のいずれか一方または両方は、前記第一の偏光子または第二の偏光子の液晶セル側の面に配置された保護フィルムを有し、
前記保護フィルムは、セルロースエステルを含み、かつ
前記保護フィルムの、JIS Z0208に準拠して40℃、90%RH下で測定される透湿度が150~900g/m2・24hrである、液晶表示装置。 - 前記保護フィルムは、前記第一の偏光子の液晶セル側の面と前記第二の偏光子の液晶セル側の面のいずれか一方のみに配置されている、請求項1に記載の液晶表示装置。
- 前記保護フィルムは、前記第一の偏光子の液晶セル側の面と前記第二の偏光子の液晶セル側の面の両方に配置されている、請求項1に記載の液晶表示装置。
- 前記保護フィルムは、前記セルロースエステルを主成分として含み、
前記セルロースエステルは、アセチル基の置換度をXとし、炭素数3以上のアシル基の置換度をYとしたとき、2.1≦X+Y≦2.6を満たす、請求項1に記載の液晶表示装置。 - 前記保護フィルムに含まれる前記セルロースエステルは、セルロースアセテートプロピオネートである、請求項4に記載の液晶表示装置。
- 前記保護フィルムは、前記セルロースエステルとアクリル樹脂とを含み、
前記セルロースエステルは、アセチル基の置換度をXとし、炭素数3以上のアシル基の置換度をYとしたとき、1.0≦X+Y<2.1を満たす、請求項1に記載の液晶表示装置。 - 前記保護フィルムに含まれる前記アクリル樹脂の比率は、前記セルロースエステルとアクリル樹脂の合計100質量部に対して5~50質量部である、請求項6に記載の液晶表示装置。
- 前記保護フィルムに含まれる前記アクリル樹脂の重量平均分子量は、500以上200000以下である、請求項6に記載の液晶表示装置。
- 開口率が65%以上である、請求項1に記載の液晶表示装置。
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EP2837489A1 (en) * | 2013-08-12 | 2015-02-18 | Nitto Denko Corporation | Polarizing film, optically functional film laminate including polarizing film, production method for optical film laminate including polarizing film, and organic EL display device having polarizing film |
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- 2011-10-28 KR KR1020137011787A patent/KR101476942B1/ko active IP Right Grant
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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JP5747920B2 (ja) | 2015-07-15 |
JPWO2012056717A1 (ja) | 2014-03-20 |
KR101476942B1 (ko) | 2014-12-24 |
CN103238103B (zh) | 2015-12-09 |
CN103238103A (zh) | 2013-08-07 |
KR20130098392A (ko) | 2013-09-04 |
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