WO2012046727A1 - ウイルスベクターの製造方法 - Google Patents
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing a viral vector and a medium for producing a viral vector.
- gene therapy using viral vectors has been developed for the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases, and many clinical trials have been conducted.
- many attempts have been made for gene therapy using retrovirus vectors or adenovirus vectors.
- transfer vectors used for the production of a recombinant retroviral vector used to incorporate a target gene include the virus particle structural protein genes (gag, pol, pol) from the genome of wild-type Moloney leukemia virus (MoMLV). env) has been removed, such as pLXSN (Genbank Access M28248) and pMFG. In addition to these, further modified vectors are used in human clinical trials.
- Production of a recombinant retroviral vector involves culturing a virus-producing cell induced by transfection of a DNA vector into which a target gene has been inserted into a packaging cell (Psi-Crip, GP + E86, GP + envAm12, PG13, etc.) This is done by collecting the supernatant containing the viral vector. Furthermore, a production cell clone that stably produces a retroviral vector for expression of the target gene is selected from the infected cells by a method such as infecting the supernatant again with the packaging cells. Through these steps, a master cell bank (MCB) and a working cell bank (WCB) are prepared, and a genetically modified retroviral vector for gene therapy is stably produced.
- MCB master cell bank
- WB working cell bank
- virus titer In order to improve the titer of virus produced by retrovirus-producing cells, culture of retrovirus-producing cells is extremely important. That is, it is necessary to examine the culture conditions for obtaining a high virus titer (hereinafter sometimes referred to as virus titer).
- methods for increasing titer include superinfection (for example, Non-patent Document 1), addition of histone deacetylase inhibitor sodium butyrate or trichostatin A (for example, non-patented)
- references 2 and 3 There are references 2 and 3). However, the remarkable effect is not acquired in either.
- the object of the present invention is to develop a medium used for the production of virus vectors, particularly a medium used for culturing virus-producing cells that makes it possible to maintain a high virus titer.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a production method and a method for producing a transformed cell population using a viral vector produced by the method.
- the present inventors use a medium containing retinoic acids and histone deacetylase (hereinafter sometimes referred to as histone deacetylase) inhibitors as active ingredients.
- histone deacetylase hereinafter sometimes referred to as histone deacetylase
- the inventors have found that by culturing virus-producing cells, high virus production can be continued for a long period of time, and surprisingly, a virus supernatant having a high virus titer can be obtained, and the present invention has been completed.
- the present invention provides: [1] A method for producing a viral vector comprising a step of culturing cells having the ability to produce a viral vector in a medium containing retinoic acids and a histone deacetylase inhibitor as active ingredients, [2] The production method according to [1], wherein the medium further contains lipids as an active ingredient, [3] The production method according to [1] or [2], wherein the cell is a cell capable of continuously producing a viral vector.
- virus production can be continued for a long time and a high virus titer can be obtained as compared with the conventional method. Therefore, in the method of the present invention, a large amount of virus can be recovered by a single culture preparation. Moreover, since the viral vector prepared from the virus-producing cells cultured in the medium of the present invention has a high virus titer, it exhibits higher gene transfer efficiency than the conventional method.
- FIG. 1 It is a figure which shows the gene transfer efficiency to the SUP-T1 cell in the retroviral vector obtained using the culture medium A, B group, C group, etc. It is a figure which shows the gene expression intensity
- the present invention discloses a medium suitable for culturing cells that produce viral vectors.
- the aforementioned medium is a basic medium prepared by mixing components necessary for cell culture, and contains retinoic acids and histone deacetylase inhibitor as active ingredients.
- the medium may further contain lipids.
- retinoic acid is also called vitamin A acid, which is either all-trans-retinoic acid in which all double bonds in the chain are trans or 9-cis-retinoic acid in which the 9-position has a cis structure.
- vitamin A acid is either all-trans-retinoic acid in which all double bonds in the chain are trans or 9-cis-retinoic acid in which the 9-position has a cis structure.
- Other retinoic acid isomers, retinoic acid derivatives, and artificially synthesized synthetic retinoids can also be used in the present invention.
- the above-mentioned retinoic acid, retinoic acid isomers, retinoic acid derivatives, and artificially synthesized synthetic retinoids or salts thereof are collectively referred to herein as retinoic acids.
- the retinoic acid to be used may be one kind or a combination of plural kinds.
- the concentration of retinoic acid used in the present invention in the medium is not particularly limited as long as it is a concentration that acts as an active ingredient.
- ATRA all-trans-retinoic acid
- it is preferably 1 nM to 10 ⁇ M, more preferably 5 nM to 200 nM, and particularly preferably 10 to 100 nM.
- the “histone deacetylase inhibitor” is not limited as long as it has histone deacetylase inhibitory activity.
- Aliphatic acids such as butyric acid, phenylbutyric acid, valpro
- Hydroxamic acids such as trichostatin A, oxamflatin, suberoylilide, salts and derivatives thereof, (3) cyclic peptides such as trapoxin , Apicidin, FK228, salts and derivatives thereof, and (4) benzamide, salts and derivatives thereof can be used.
- NaB sodium butyrate
- TSA trichostatin A
- the concentration of the histone deacetylase inhibitor used in the present invention in the medium may be a concentration that acts as an active ingredient, and is not particularly limited.
- TSA for example, preferably 10 nM to 50 ⁇ M. More preferably, it is 20 nM to 10 ⁇ M, and particularly preferably 100 nM to 3 ⁇ M.
- NaB for example, it is preferably 1 nM to 50 mM, more preferably 1 mM to 10 mM.
- Lipids may be further added to the medium containing the retinoic acids and histone deacylase inhibitor of the present invention.
- Lipids include fatty acids (arachidonic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, myristic acid, oleic acid, palmitoyl acid, palmitic acid and their salts), steroids such as cholesterol and dexamethasone, tocopherol acetic acid, triglycerides, phospholipids (Glycerophospholipid, sphingophospholipid, inositol phospholipid, etc.) and the like can be used. You may add these components to a culture medium individually or in combination of multiple things. For example, a fatty acid concentrate that is commercially available as a medium additive for the purpose of substituting serum components may be contained as it is.
- the concentration of lipids arbitrarily selected from the lipids used in the present invention in the medium may be any concentration that acts as an active ingredient, and is not particularly limited, but preferably the total amount of lipids 0.01 mg / L to 8.0 mg / L, more preferably 0.03 mg / L to 5.0 mg / L, and particularly preferably 0.1 mg / L to 4.0 mg / L.
- the volume ratio is preferably 1 / 10,000 to 1/50 (V / V), more preferably 1 / 3,000 to 1/75 (V / V). Particularly preferred is 1/1000 to 1/100 (V / V).
- the components of the basic medium include energy sources such as amino acids, sugars, and organic acids, vitamins, buffer components for adjusting pH, inorganic salts, and the like. Further, it may contain a pH indicator such as phenol red.
- a basic medium a known medium containing no serum, for example, DMEM, IMDM, Ham F12 medium or the like may be used, and these can be obtained as commercial products from Invitrogen, Sigma, and the like.
- Commercially available media such as Opti-ProSFM, VP-SFM, 293SFMII (all manufactured by Invitrogen), HyQ SFM4 MegaVir (manufactured by High Clone) can also be used.
- serum-added medium may be used, use of a serum-free medium is preferable in order to prevent contamination with unknown viruses derived from serum.
- serum albumin highly purified from human blood eg, a serum albumin preparation approved as a pharmaceutical product
- highly purified serum albumin derived from animals e.g., highly purified serum albumin derived from animals, or recombinant serum albumin
- a serum medium is preferably used (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2007-105033).
- virus-producing cells cultured in the medium of the present invention there is no particular limitation on the virus-producing cells cultured in the medium of the present invention, but for example, retrovirus-producing cells are suitable.
- the present invention relates to a method for producing a viral vector characterized by using the above-mentioned medium.
- the viral vector produced according to the present invention is not particularly limited.
- retrovirus vectors including oncovirus vectors, lentivirus vectors and their modifications
- adenovirus vectors including oncovirus vectors, lentivirus vectors and their modifications
- adenovirus vectors adeno-associated virus vectors
- simian virus vectors vaccinia virus vectors
- Sendai virus vectors and the like can be mentioned.
- a retroviral vector that is, a genetically modified retroviral vector is exemplified.
- a replication-defective retrovirus vector in which unlimited infection and gene transfer are prevented is preferably used in the present invention.
- Known replication-defective retrovirus vectors include MFG vector and ⁇ -SGC vector (International Publication No.
- retroviral vectors such as LXIN (Clontech), DON-AI (Takara Bio), lentiviral vectors [human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) -derived vectors, simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) -derived vectors, etc. Or a vector obtained by modifying these (for example, a pseudo-type vector).
- Any foreign gene may be introduced into the virus vector.
- the foreign gene to be introduced is not particularly limited, and any gene [such as an enzyme, cytokine, or receptor, etc., may be used depending on the use of the cell population transformed by the viral vector produced according to the present invention described below.
- any gene such as an enzyme, cytokine, or receptor, etc.
- Examples of these foreign genes include genes that express MazF, which is a sequence-specific RNase (for example, International Publication No. 2007/020873 pamphlet and International Publication No. 2008).
- an appropriate marker gene such as an extracellular domain gene ( ⁇ LNGFR), a neomycin resistance gene, a fluorescent protein gene, or the like of Low affinity Nervous Factor Receptor may be simultaneously introduced.
- the foreign gene can be used by inserting it into a viral vector so that it can be expressed, for example, under the control of an appropriate promoter.
- an enhancer sequence, terminator sequence, or intron sequence may be present in the vector.
- a virus vector is produced by culturing virus-producing cells produced by introducing the DNA encoding the virus vector into a virus packaging cell line in the medium of the present invention.
- the packaging cell line is not particularly limited, and known packaging cell lines such as PG13 (ATCC CRL-10686), PA317 (ATCC CRL-9078), GP + E-86 and GP + envAm-12 (US Pat. No. 5, 278,056), Psi-Crip [Proceeding of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA (Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA), Vol. 85, 6460-6464 (1988)], etc. can do.
- a retrovirus-producing cell is introduced by introducing a packaging plasmid (retrovirus packaging kit: manufactured by Takara Bio Inc.) containing genes necessary for retrovirus particle production into 293 cells or 293T cells with high transfection efficiency. Can also be produced.
- the method of the present invention can be used for both virus-producing cells prepared to produce recombinant virus vectors transiently and virus-producing cell lines capable of continuously producing viruses.
- a cryopreserved product such as a master cell bank (MCB) or a working cell bank (WCB) of a virus-producing cell line by an appropriate means
- the plant is directly planted in the medium, and culture is started.
- the cells are grown to produce virus.
- Virus-producing cells can be cultured under normal culture conditions. For example, culture at a humidity of 95% and a CO 2 concentration of 5% is exemplified, but the present invention is not limited to such conditions. Cultivation can be performed, for example, at 30 to 37 ° C., but may be performed at a temperature other than the above range as long as desired cell growth and viral vector production can be achieved.
- a viral vector is obtained by collecting the supernatant from the culture solution thus obtained.
- the virus vector is produced as a filtrate obtained by filtering the supernatant with the above-mentioned supernatant, a virus vector concentrated or purified by a known method, and frozen by an appropriate method, for example, Stored until use. By culturing virus-producing cells using the above-described medium of the present invention, a virus vector having a higher titer than the conventional culture method can be obtained.
- the present invention also provides a method for producing a cell population containing transformed cells, characterized in that target cells are transformed with the viral vector produced by the method of the present invention.
- the number of desired genes introduced into cells by the viral vector is not limited, and may be one gene or a plurality of genes. Transformation of target cells with a viral vector may be performed by a known method suitable for the viral vector.
- a retroviral vector a substance that improves gene transfer efficiency such as retronectin (RetroNectin, registered trademark, manufactured by Takara Bio Inc.) can be used at the time of gene transfer.
- retronectin Rostin, registered trademark, manufactured by Takara Bio Inc.
- the present invention provides a cell population obtained by the above-described method for producing a cell population of the present invention, and uses of the cell population.
- the cell population obtained by the method of the present invention can be used for various uses, for example, production of useful substances, and the cell population itself can also be used for treatment of diseases.
- the method of the present invention it is possible to obtain a cell population containing cells carrying a therapeutically useful foreign gene.
- the above cell population may have various diseases such as cancer, leukemia, malignant tumor, hepatitis, or infectious disease (for example, influenza, tuberculosis, HIV (Human Immunodefectivity Virus, human). It can be used for treatment of immunodeficiency virus) infection, AIDS, MRSA infection, VRE infection, or deep mycosis.
- the cell population produced by the method of the present invention includes bone marrow transplantation, donor lymphocyte infusion for the purpose of preventing infection or remission of recurrent leukemia in an immunodeficient state such as after irradiation, anticancer drug treatment, It can be used in combination with conventional therapies such as radiation therapy, antibody therapy, thermotherapy, and other immunotherapy.
- the cell population containing the transformed cells obtained in the present invention When the cell population containing the transformed cells obtained in the present invention is used for treatment or prevention of a disease, an effective amount of the cells is administered to a subject to be treated or prevented, that is, a human or non-human animal.
- the administration method of the cell population may be selected appropriately depending on the disease, and examples thereof include intravenous, arterial, subcutaneous or intraperitoneal administration by injection or infusion.
- the cell population obtained in the present invention can be a medicine, that is, a therapeutic or preventive agent for a disease, and the disease can be treated or prevented by administering the drug to a subject.
- the medicine can be produced by formulating the cell population according to a method known in the pharmaceutical field.
- the cell population produced by the method of the present invention is mixed with a known organic or inorganic carrier, excipient or stabilizer suitable for parenteral administration as an active ingredient, and prepared as an infusion or injection. be able to.
- RetroI Trichostatin A-supplemented Medium GT-T-RetroI (manufactured by Takara Bio Inc., hereinafter referred to as RetroI), which is a serum-free medium for culturing virus-producing cells, was used as a basic medium A (medium A), and retinoic acid.
- ATRA (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) was added to a final concentration of 10 nM or 100 nM
- TSA trichostatin A
- 1 and B-2 (hereinafter referred to as medium B group) were prepared.
- fatty acid concentrate (Gibco, hereinafter referred to as lipid) is added to medium B-1 so that the solution ratio (V / V) is 1/100, 1/250, 1/1000, respectively.
- Medium C-1, C-2 and C-3 (hereinafter referred to as medium C group) were prepared.
- medium D in which only TSA was added to medium A final concentration 500 nM
- medium E in which only ATRA was added final concentration 10 nM
- Example 2 Culture of retrovirus-producing cells Working cell bank (WCB) of retrovirus-producing cells (PG13: ATCC CRL-10686: used as packaging cells) producing a mouse-derived recombinant retrovirus vector carrying a fluorescent reporter protein (ZsGreen) gene ) was thawed in a 37 ° C. water bath. The thawed cell solution is transferred to a 15 mL centrifuge tube, and 10 mL of complete medium [DMEM medium (10% FBS, manufactured by SFC Bioscience) containing 10% fetal bovine serum] is added and centrifuged (500 Xg for 5 minutes at 20 ° C.). After centrifugation, the supernatant was removed, suspended in 10 mL complete medium, and cell count was performed.
- DMEM medium 10% FBS, manufactured by SFC Bioscience
- a cell suspension is prepared to 78.5 ⁇ 10 4 cells / mL using complete medium, and 1 mL of the above cell suspension is added to a 100 mm dish (manufactured by Iwaki) for cell culture. 14.7 mL of the medium was added and cultured in a CO 2 incubator (37 ° C., humidity 95%, CO 2 concentration 5%). The passage was performed at a passage interval of 3 days, the seeding cell density at the first passage was 1 ⁇ 10 4 cells / cm 2 , and the liquid volume was 0.2 mL / cm 2 .
- the seeded cell density is 0.9 ⁇ 10 4 cells / cm 2
- the liquid volume is 0.2 mL / cm 2
- 2 mL each for each well of a 6-well treatment plate for cell culture manufactured by BD Falcon.
- the liquid volume was 0.1 mL / cm 2 ).
- each medium was collected and replaced with a new same medium.
- the culture was performed at 32 ° C., 95% humidity and 5% CO 2 concentration.
- the medium was exchanged and collected four times in total for four consecutive days, and the fourth time was only the collection of the medium without adding the medium.
- the collected culture supernatant (first time, second time, third time, fourth time) is filtered with a 0.22 ⁇ m pore size filter (Millipore), and after each aliquot is dispensed as a retrovirus supernatant. Stored at ⁇ 80 ° C.
- RetroNectin registered trademark, manufactured by Takara Bio Inc.
- ACD-A diluted with ACD-A to a final concentration of 20 ⁇ g / mL
- the retronectin solution was removed from the plate
- 0.5 mL of ACD-A was added to each well and removed, and the plate was used twice.
- 1 mL of each virus dilution was added to each well of the plate and centrifuged (32 ° C., 2000 ⁇ g, 2 hours).
- Flow cytometry analysis was performed according to the instrument instruction using a BD FACSCanto II flow cytometer (Becton Dickinson).
- the expression rate of ZsGreen can be determined by gating the target cell population on a two-parameter histogram (x-axis: FSC, y-axis: SSC) of forward scattered light (FSC) and side scattered light (SSC).
- the cell population in the gate is expanded with a histogram of GFP detection parameters (x axis: GFP fluorescence intensity, y axis: cell number), and cells with higher GFP fluorescence intensity compared to isotype control are defined as ZsGreen positive cells.
- the ratio (%) of the number of ZsGreen positive cells to the total number of cells in the gate was used as a gene transfer efficiency (GT%), and the fluorescence intensity (MFI: Mean Fluorescence Intensity) was measured.
- GT% gene transfer efficiency
- MFI Mean Fluorescence Intensity
- the measurement result of gene transfer efficiency is shown in FIG.
- the virus supernatant liquid of each day obtained by the culture method of Example 2-2 was evaluated, and the average value of the virus supernatant liquid for 4 days was calculated.
- the gene transfer efficiency of the retrovirus supernatants collected using the medium B group and the group C showed a gene transfer efficiency more than twice that of the medium A as the basic medium. That is, a virus with a titer higher than that of medium A was obtained, and the ZsGreen gene was introduced with high efficiency.
- the culture medium groups B and C were compared with culture media D and E, the above effects were higher than those of TSA or ATRA alone.
- “NGMC” means a non-transfected cell and represents a negative control.
- FIGS the same meaning is used in FIGS.
- the measurement results of the fluorescence intensity (hereinafter referred to as gene expression intensity) are shown in FIG.
- the virus supernatant liquid of each day obtained by the culture method of Example 2-2 was evaluated, and the average value of the virus supernatant liquid for 4 days was calculated.
- the fluorescence intensity of the retrovirus supernatant recovered using the medium B group and the group C showed a fluorescence intensity about twice as high as that of the medium A. That is, a virus with a titer higher than that of medium A was obtained, and the gene was introduced with high efficiency, whereby the fluorescent reporter protein (ZsGreen) was highly expressed.
- ZsGreen fluorescent reporter protein
- Example 3 Preparation of NaB-added medium To medium A described in Example 1, ATRA was added to a final concentration of 10 nM and 100 nM, and sodium butyrate (NaB) was added to a final concentration of 5 mM. Medium F-1 and F-2 were prepared. Furthermore, lipid was added to the medium F so that the solution ratio (V / V) would be 1/100, 1/250, 1/1000, thereby preparing media G-1, G-2, and G-3, respectively. . Further, medium H in which only NaB was added to medium A (final concentration 5 mM) and medium E in which only ATRA was added (final concentration 10 nM) were prepared. Table 2 shows the composition of these media.
- Example 4 Culture of Retrovirus Producing Cells Virus supernatant was prepared using the retrovirus producing cells described in Example 2.
- a virus supernatant was obtained in the same manner as in Example 2-1, using the media A, F group, G group, H and E of Example 3.
- Gene transfer was performed in the same manner as in Example 2-2, and evaluation of gene transfer efficiency was performed in the same manner as in Example 2-3.
- the measurement results of gene transfer efficiency are shown in FIG.
- the gene transfer efficiency in the retrovirus supernatant collected using the medium F group and the group G was about twice as high as that of the medium A. That is, in the medium F group and the group G, a virus having a higher titer than that in the medium A was obtained, and the ZsGreen gene was introduced with high efficiency. Moreover, even when compared with the culture media H and E (NaB or ATRA alone), a high effect was obtained.
- the measurement result of fluorescence intensity is shown in FIG.
- the virus supernatant liquid of each day obtained by the culture method of Example 2-2 was evaluated, and the average value of the virus supernatant liquid for 4 days was calculated.
- the transgenic cells obtained from the retrovirus supernatant collected using the medium F group and the group G showed a fluorescence intensity about twice as high as that when the medium A was used. . That is, a virus with a titer higher than that of medium A was obtained, and the gene was introduced with high efficiency, whereby the fluorescent reporter protein (ZsGreen) was highly expressed.
- the fluorescence intensity of the cells was high as compared with the cases where the media H and E were used.
- Example 5 Preparation of medium supplemented with VPA
- retinoic acid ATRA
- VPA valproic acid
- medium I group medium I group
- medium J group medium J group
- medium H medium H in which only NaB was added to medium A
- medium F-1 in which NaB (final concentration 5 mM) and ATRA final concentration 10 nM
- Example 6 Culture of Retrovirus-Producing Cells Virus supernatants were prepared using the retrovirus-producing cells described in Example 2.
- a virus supernatant was obtained by the method of Example 2-1 using the medium A, Group I, Group J, H, and F-1 of Example 5.
- the number of days for virus recovery is 4 days in Example 2-1
- the virus supernatant collected in 3 days is mixed and evaluated.
- Gene transfer was carried out in the same manner as in Example 2-2 except that the virus dilution was 10 times, and the evaluation of gene transfer efficiency was carried out in the same manner as in Example 2-3.
- the gene transfer efficiency in the retrovirus supernatant recovered using medium I group was about twice as high as that of medium A. That is, in the medium I group, a virus having a higher titer than that in the medium A was obtained, and the ZsGreen gene was introduced with high efficiency. In addition, even when compared with the medium J group (VPA alone), a high effect was obtained. As in the results of FIG. 2 of Example 4, the medium F-1 was highly effective even when compared with the medium H (NaB alone).
- Example 7 Production of Retrovirus Producing Cells Using HEV293T cells (ATCC CRL-11268) with Retrocovirus Packaging using codon-transformed TCR and siRNA co-expression retrovirus vector (MS-MA24-siTCR) described in WO2008 / 153029 pamphlet Kit Eco (manufactured by Takara Bio Inc.) was used for transfection according to the product protocol to obtain various ecotropic retrovirus supernatants. This virus supernatant was filtered through a 0.45 ⁇ m filter (Milex HV, manufactured by Millipore), PG13 cells were infected by a method using polybrene, and cells were cloned by a limiting dilution method.
- Milex HV manufactured by Millipore
- the working cell bank (WCB) prepared from the clonal cells obtained in Example 7-1 was thawed in a 37 ° C. water bath.
- the thawed cell solution is transferred to a 15 mL centrifuge tube, and 10 mL of complete medium [DMEM medium (10% FBS, manufactured by SFC Bioscience) containing 10% fetal bovine serum] is added and centrifuged (500 Xg for 5 minutes at 20 ° C.). After centrifugation, the supernatant was removed, suspended in 10 mL complete medium, and cell count was performed.
- DMEM medium 10% FBS, manufactured by SFC Bioscience
- a cell suspension is prepared to 78.5 ⁇ 10 4 cells / mL using complete medium, and 1 mL of the above cell suspension is added to a 100 mm dish (manufactured by Iwaki) for cell culture. 14.7 mL of the medium was added and cultured in a CO 2 incubator (37 ° C., humidity 95%, CO 2 concentration 5%). The passage was performed at a passage interval of 3 days, the seeding cell density at the first passage was 1 ⁇ 10 4 cells / cm 2 , and the liquid volume was 0.2 mL / cm 2 .
- the seeded cell density is 1.0 ⁇ 10 4 cells / cm 2
- the liquid volume is 0.2 mL / cm 2
- 45.0 mL per CELLBIND-treated T225 flask manufactured by CORNING
- the culture supernatant was removed and replaced with the mediums H, F-1, K, L, and B-1 shown in Table 4 (the liquid volume was 0.1 mL / cm 2 ).
- Dexamethasone (DEX) manufactured by Nacalai Tesque was added to the culture media K and L to a final concentration of 100 nM.
- each medium was collected and replaced with a new same medium.
- the culture was performed at 32 ° C., 95% humidity and 5% CO 2 concentration.
- the medium was exchanged and collected three times in total for three consecutive days, and the medium was not collected for the third time, and only the medium was collected.
- the collected culture supernatants (first, second and third) are mixed, filtered through a 0.22 ⁇ m pore size filter (Millipore), and dispensed in small portions as a retrovirus supernatant at ⁇ 80 ° C. saved.
- RetroIII Gene transfer evaluation of retrovirus supernatant The gene transfer efficiency of the retrovirus supernatant was measured. Retronectin was dissolved in PBS to a concentration of 25 ⁇ g / mL and anti-CD3 antibody (OKT3, Janssen Pharma Co., Ltd.) to a concentration of 5 ⁇ g / mL. 1 mL of each well was added to a 6-well plate treated with this solution and left at 37 ° C. for 5 hours. Thereafter, the solution was removed, and each well was washed twice with 1 mL each using GT-T-RetroIII (manufactured by Takara Bio Inc., hereinafter referred to as RetroIII).
- GT-T-RetroIII manufactured by Takara Bio Inc.
- IL-2 manufactured by NOVARTIS
- Fungizone manufactured by Bristol-Myers Squibb
- CM culture medium
- PBMC Peripheral blood mononuclear cells
- the gene transfer operation was performed as follows. A stock solution and a 5-fold diluted solution were prepared for each of the retrovirus supernatants collected using the media H, F-1, K, L, and B-1. At this time, ACD-A, 5% albumin solution and 2% albumin solution were used for dilution. A 24-well non-treatment plate was used as a container for gene introduction. For 24-well non-treatment plates, 0.5 mL of RetroNectin previously diluted with ACD-A to a final concentration of 20 ⁇ g / mL was added to each well and treated at 4 ° C. overnight, and the RetroNectin solution was removed from the plate.
- the wells were washed twice with 0.5 mL each using ACD-A. 1 mL of each virus dilution was added to each well of the plate and centrifuged (32 ° C., 2000 ⁇ g, 2 hours). After centrifugation, the virus dilution supernatant was removed from each well, and each well was washed three times with 0.5 mL of a 1.5% albumin solution. The cultured cell suspension was collected and suspended in CM so as to be 0.145 ⁇ 10 6 cells / mL.
- the cells were stained with MAGE-A4 tetramer-PE (Ludwig) and Human CD8-APCcy7 (Becton Dickinson) and flow cytometer was used to determine the percentage of cells that were CD8 positive and tetramer positive. Specifically, 0.3 ⁇ 10 6 cells after infection culture were transferred to an Eppendorf tube, and the cells were precipitated by centrifugation (4 ° C., 500 ⁇ g, 5 minutes).
- the precipitated cells were suspended in 950 ⁇ L of 0.5% BSA / PBS, and the cells were precipitated again by centrifugation (4 ° C., 500 ⁇ g, 5 minutes). After removing the supernatant again, the suspension was suspended in a mixed solution obtained by adding 8 ⁇ L of 0.5% BSA to 1 ⁇ L of MAGE-A4 tetramer-PE, and reacted at 4 ° C. for 30 minutes. Thereafter, 1 ⁇ L of Human CD8-APCcy7 was added and reacted at 4 ° C. for 30 minutes.
- Flow cytometry analysis was performed using a BD FACSCanto II flow cytometer according to the instrument instructions.
- the abundance ratio of tetramer positive cells in CD8 positive cells can be determined by isotype control on a two-parameter histogram of APCcy7 and PE detection parameters (x axis: APCcy7 fluorescence intensity, y axis: PE fluorescence intensity).
- x axis APCcy7 fluorescence intensity
- PE fluorescence intensity fluorescence intensity region of non-expressing cells of APCcy7 (CD8) and PE (MAGE-A4 tetramer)
- the region was divided into four regions, the fluorescence intensity region of APCcy7 and PE expressing cells was determined, and the ratio of the number of cells ( %).
- GT% Gene Transduction efficiency
- GT% CD8 and tetramer positive cell count / CD8 positive cell count
- Fig. 6 shows the measurement results of gene transfer efficiency.
- the introduction efficiency of the retrovirus supernatant recovered using F-1, K, L, and B-1 is higher than that of medium H in which NaB is added to medium A, which is a basic medium.
- the gene transfer efficiency was remarkably high. That is, not only the fluorescent protein-expressing virus vectors described in Examples 2 and 4, but also high-titer viruses were obtained and the target gene was introduced with high efficiency even in a pilot scale higher than the experimental scale.
- RNA copy number of retrovirus supernatant was measured.
- the number of RNA copies was calculated using Retrovirus Titer Set (for Real TIME PCR) (manufactured by Takara Bio Inc.) according to the standard usage method in the instruction manual.
- FIG. 7 similar to the results of the gene transfer efficiency of Example 7-4, NaB was added to medium A as the basic medium by combining one or both of ATRA and DEX with NaB.
- RNA copy number hereinafter referred to as RNA COPY in the figure significantly higher than that of the prepared medium H.
- Example 8 Preparation of TSA-supplemented medium 2
- DEX dexamethasone
- ATRA retinoic acid
- TSA trichostatin A
- TSA was added to medium A to a final concentration of 50 nM and 500 nM
- medium D group mediums D-1 and D-2 (hereinafter referred to as medium D group)
- NaB alone final concentration 5 mM
- medium H medium H
- Medium N was prepared by adding NaB (final concentration 5 mM), retinoic acid (ATRA) at a final concentration of 100 nM
- DEX dexamethasone
- Example 9 Culture of retrovirus-producing cells Virus supernatants were prepared using the retrovirus-producing cells described in Example 7-1. In this example, a virus supernatant was obtained by the method of Example 2-1 using the medium described in Example 8. However, although the number of days for virus recovery is 4 days in Example 2-1, in this example, the virus supernatant collected in 3 days is mixed and evaluated.
- Fig. 8 shows the measurement results of gene transfer efficiency.
- M-1 and D-1, M-2 and D-2, and H and N were compared, the retro collected using a medium containing NaB or TSA, ATRA and DEX in combination.
- the introduction efficiency of the virus supernatant was significantly higher than that of Group D, which is a medium supplemented with NaB and TSA alone, and H.
- TSA was effective from 50 nM to 500 nM.
- RNA copy number of retrovirus supernatant was measured.
- RNA copy number was calculated using Retrovirus Titer Set (for Real TIME PCR) according to the standard usage method of the instruction manual. As shown in FIG. 9, the results are similar to the results of the gene transfer efficiency of Example 9-2.
- ATRA By combining both DEX and NaB or TSA, the RNA copy number was significantly higher than that of the medium supplemented with NaB or TSA alone.
- TSA was effective from 50 nM to 500 nM.
- Example 10 Preparation of TSA-added medium 3 A medium was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 so that the final concentrations shown in Table 6 were obtained.
- Example 11 Culture of Retrovirus-Producing Cells Virus supernatant was prepared using the retrovirus-producing cells described in Example 2. Using the medium described in Example 10, a virus supernatant was obtained by the method of Example 2-1. However, in this example, the virus supernatant liquid collected and mixed in 4 days and the virus supernatant liquid collected and mixed in 3 days are evaluated in this example. Gene transfer was carried out in the same manner as in Example 2-2 except that the virus dilution was 10 times, and gene transfer efficiency and fluorescence intensity were evaluated in the same manner as in Example 2-3.
- the measurement result of gene transfer efficiency is shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 10, the gene transfer efficiency in the retrovirus supernatant recovered using the medium O group was about 6 to 8 times higher than that of the medium A. In addition, the gene transfer efficiency was more effective than the control group for 4 days than for 3 days.
- the measurement result of fluorescence intensity is shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 11, the fluorescence intensity of the retrovirus supernatant collected using the medium O group was about 2 to 3.5 times higher than that of the medium A.
- Example 12 Preparation of medium supplemented with 9-cis retinoic acid (9-cis) (manufactured by Nacalai Tesque), AM80 A medium was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 so that the final concentrations shown in Table 7 were obtained. Here, Tamibarotene (manufactured by Sigma) was used for AM80.
- Example 13 Culture of retrovirus-producing cells Using the retrovirus-producing cells described in Example 2, a virus supernatant was prepared. Using the medium described in Example 12, a virus supernatant was obtained by the method of Example 2-1. However, although the number of days for virus recovery is 4 days in Example 2-1, in this example, the virus supernatant collected in 3 days is mixed and evaluated. Gene transfer was carried out in the same manner as in Example 2-2 except that the virus dilution was 10 times, and the evaluation of gene transfer efficiency was carried out in the same manner as in Example 2-3.
- the measurement result of gene transfer efficiency is shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 12, the gene transfer efficiency in the retrovirus supernatant collected using the medium P group and the R group was about 1.5 to 2 times higher than that of the medium A. In addition, the gene transfer efficiency of the medium Q group and the S group of 9-cis and AM80 alone is the same as or lower than that of the medium A.
- Example 14 Preparation of medium supplemented with suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) (manufactured by CAYMAN) A medium was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 so that the final concentrations shown in Table 8 were obtained.
- SAHA suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid
- Example 15 Culture of Retrovirus-Producing Cells Virus supernatant was prepared using the retrovirus-producing cells described in Example 2. Using the medium described in Example 14, a virus supernatant was obtained by the method of Example 2-1. However, although the number of days for virus recovery is 4 days in Example 2-1, in this example, the virus supernatant collected in 3 days is mixed and evaluated. Gene transfer was carried out in the same manner as in Example 2-2 except that the virus dilution was 10 times, and the evaluation of gene transfer efficiency was carried out in the same manner as in Example 2-3.
- the measurement result of gene transfer efficiency is shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 13, the gene transfer efficiency in the retrovirus supernatant recovered using the medium T group was about 1.4 to 1.9 times higher than that of the medium A. Moreover, the SAHA concentration showed higher gene transfer efficiency than the corresponding U group medium.
- Example 16 Preparation of NaB-added medium 2 As a basic medium (medium V) in which inactivated FBS was added to DMEM as a cell culture medium at a solution ratio (V / V) of 1/10, retinoic acid (ATRA) was added to a final concentration of 100 nM, and Medium B was prepared by adding sodium butyrate (NaB) to a final concentration of 5 mM. Furthermore, medium X in which only NaB was added to medium V (final concentration 5 mM) and medium Y in which only ATRA was added (final concentration 100 nM) were prepared. Table 9 shows the composition of each medium.
- medium V basic medium
- ATRA retinoic acid
- NaB sodium butyrate
- Table 9 shows the composition of each medium.
- Example 17 Culture of Retrovirus Producing Cells A virus supernatant was prepared using the retrovirus producing cells described in Example 2. Using the medium described in Example 16, a virus supernatant was obtained by the method of Example 2-1. However, although the number of days for virus recovery is 4 days in Example 2-1, in this example, the virus supernatant collected in 3 days is mixed and evaluated. Gene transfer was carried out in the same manner as in Example 2-2 except that the virus dilution was 10 times, and the gene transfer efficiency and fluorescence intensity were evaluated in the same manner as in Example 2-3.
- FIG. 14 The measurement results of gene transfer efficiency are shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 14, the gene transfer efficiency in the retrovirus supernatant recovered using the medium W was about 1.2 times higher than that of the medium V.
- the measurement result of fluorescence intensity is shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 15, the fluorescence intensity of the retrovirus supernatant recovered using the medium W was about 1.5 times higher than that of the medium V.
- a virus supernatant having a high virus titer can be easily obtained, so that a virus vector and a high titer composition containing the vector can be easily prepared.
- the viral vector and the composition obtained using the culture medium of the present invention are very useful in the field of gene therapy.
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Abstract
Description
[1]ウイルスベクターを産生する能力を有する細胞を、レチノイン酸類及びヒストン脱アセチル化酵素阻害物質を有効成分として含む培地で培養する工程を包含するウイルスベクターの製造方法、
[2]培地が、有効成分として、更に脂質類を含む[1]記載の製造方法、
[3]細胞が継続的にウイルスベクターを産生する能力がある細胞である[1]又は[2]に記載の製造方法、
[4]ウイルスベクターがレトロウイルスベクターである[1]~[3]いずれか記載の製造方法、
[5]ヒストン脱アセチル化酵素阻害物質がトリコスタチンA及び酪酸ナトリウムから成る群より選択される少なくとも1種の物質である[1]~[4]いずれか記載の製造方法、
[6][1]~[5]いずれか記載の方法で製造されたウイルスベクター、
[7][6]に記載のウイルスベクターを用いて細胞を形質転換することを特徴とする形質転換された細胞集団の製造方法、
[8][7]に記載の製造方法で得られた形質転換された細胞集団、
[9]医薬に使用するための[8]記載の細胞集団、
[10]医薬の製造に用いる[8]記載の細胞集団、
[11][8]記載の細胞集団を有効成分として含有する医薬、
[12]対象に有効量の[11]記載の医薬を投与する工程を含む疾病の治療方法又は予防方法、
[13]有効成分として、レチノイン酸類及びヒストン脱アセチル化酵素阻害物質を含むことを特徴とするウイルスベクター製造用培地、
に関する。
本発明の方法は、一過性に組換えウイルスベクターを産生するよう作製されたウイルス産生細胞、継続的にウイルスを産生する能力を有するウイルス産生細胞株のいずれにも利用することができる。後者を使用する場合には、ウイルス産生細胞株のマスターセルバンク(MCB)やワーキングセルバンク(WCB)のような凍結保存物を適切な手段で解凍後、前記の培地に直接植えて培養を開始し、前記細胞を増殖させ、ウイルスを産生させる。組換えウイルスベクターの大量調製のためには、さらに前記の培地にウイルス産生細胞株を適応させる馴化の工程を加えることが好ましい。
本発明では高いウイルス力価のウイルスベクターを得られることから、当該ベクターを使用することにより、所望の遺伝子を保持する細胞を高い比率で含む細胞集団を得ることができる。
ウイルス産生細胞培養用無血清培地であるGT-T-RetroI(タカラバイオ社製、以下、RetroIと記載する)を基本培地A(培地A)として、レチノイン酸(ATRA)(和光純薬社製)を最終濃度10nM又は100nMとなるように添加し、さらにトリコスタチンA(TSA)(シグマ社製)をそれぞれ最終濃度500nMになるように添加した、培地B-1及びB-2(以下、培地B群と記載する)を作製した。さらに、培地B-1に脂肪酸濃縮液(ギブコ社製、以下lipidと記載する)を溶液比(V/V)で1/100、1/250、1/1000となるようにそれぞれ添加して、培地C-1、C-2、C-3(以下、培地C群と記載する)を作製した。さらに培地AにTSAのみ添加(終濃度500nM)した培地D、及びATRAのみ添加(終濃度10nM)した培地Eを作製した。各培地の組成を表1に示す。
1.レトロウイルス産生細胞の培養
蛍光レポータータンパク質(ZsGreen)遺伝子を搭載したマウス由来組換えレトロウイルスベクターを産生するレトロウイルス産生細胞(PG13:ATCC CRL-10686:をパッケージング細胞とした)のワーキングセルバンク(WCB)を37℃のウォーターバスにて解凍した。解凍された細胞液を15mL遠心チューブに移し、完全培地[10%ウシ胎児血清(10%FBS、エスエーエフシー バイオサイエンス社製)を含むDMEM培地(ギブコ社製)]を10mL加え、遠心処理(500×g、5分間、20℃)を行った。遠心後、上清を除去し、10mLの完全培地に懸濁しセルカウントを行った。セルカウント後、完全培地を用いて、細胞懸濁液を78.5×104cells/mLに調製し、細胞培養用の100mmディッシュ(イワキ社製)に前記の細胞懸濁液1mL、及び完全培地14.7mLを添加し、CO2インキュベーター(37℃、湿度95%、CO2濃度5%)にて培養を行った。継代間隔は3日とし、1継代目の播種細胞密度を1×104cells/cm2、液量を0.2mL/cm2として継代操作を行った。2継代目は播種細胞密度を0.9×104cells/cm2、液量を0.2mL/cm2として、細胞培養用の6穴トリートメントプレート(BD Falcon社製)の各ウェルに2mLずつ添加した。2継代目実施の3日後、培養上清液を取り除き、実施例1に記載の培地A、B-1、B-2、C-1、C-2、C-3、D、Eにそれぞれ置換した(液量は0.1mL/cm2)。その翌日に、各培地を回収し、それぞれ新しい同じ培地に交換した。なお、2継代の3日後からは、32℃、湿度95%、CO2濃度5%にて培養を行った。上記の培地の交換と回収を4日間連続で計4回行い、4回目は培地の添加を行わず培地の回収のみ行った。回収した培養上清液(1回目、2回目、3回目、4回目)は、0.22μmのポアサイズのフィルター(ミリポア社製)でろ過し、各回ごとにレトロウイルス上清液として小分け分注後-80℃保存した。
上記のように培地A~Eを用いて回収した各レトロウイルス上清液について遺伝子導入効率の測定を行った。培地A~Eを用いて回収したレトロウイルス上清液それぞれについて5倍希釈液を調製した。このとき希釈には、ACD-A(テルモ社製)及びヒト血清アルブミン「アルブミナー25%」(CSLベーリング社製)をそれぞれ5倍希釈、及び12.5倍希釈してアルブミンの終濃度がそれぞれ5%、2%になるように生理食塩水に添加したもの(以下、5%アルブミン溶液、及び2%アルブミン溶液と記載)を用いた。遺伝子導入用の容器は24穴ノントリートメントプレート(BD Falcon社製)を用いた。24穴ノントリートメントプレートは、予めACD-Aで最終濃度20μg/mLになるように希釈したRetroNectin(登録商標、タカラバイオ社製)を各ウェルに0.5mL添加して4℃で一晩処理し、プレートからレトロネクチン溶液を取り除いた後、ACD-Aを各ウェルに0.5mL添加して取り除くという洗浄作業を2回行ったものを使用した。このプレートの各ウェルに各ウイルス希釈液を1mL添加し、遠心処理(32℃、2000×g、2時間)した。遠心後、各ウェルよりウイルス希釈液上清を取り除き、ヒト血清アルブミン「アルブミナー25%」を16.67倍希釈してアルブミンの終濃度が1.5%になるように生理食塩水に添加したもの(以下、1.5%アルブミン溶液と記載)0.5mLずつで各ウェルを3回洗浄した。ヒトTリンパ球性白血病細胞SUP-T1(ATCC CRL-1942)を、SUP-T1用の培養用培地[10%ウシ胎児血清を含むRPMI1640培地(シグマ社製)]に、1×106cells/mLとなるように懸濁した。前記の洗浄後の24穴ノントリートメントプレートの各ウェルにこの懸濁液1mL(0.5×106cells/cm2)を添加し、遠心処理(32℃、1000×g、10分)した。遠心後、CO2インキュベーター(37℃、湿度95%、CO2濃度5%)にて1日間培養を行った。次の日、SUP-T1用の培養用培地を1mLそれぞれ添加し、更に1日間培養した。培養後、レトロウイルスによる遺伝子導入効率を調べるために、蛍光レポータータンパク質(ZsGreen)の発現を調べた。感染培養後の細胞0.5×106cellsをエッペンドルフチューブに移し、遠心処理(4℃、500×g、5分間)にて細胞を沈殿させた。上清を取り除いた後、沈殿した細胞は終濃度が0.5%となるようにBSA(ウシ胎児血清アルブミン、シグマ社製)を添加したリン酸バッファー(ギブコ社製)(以下、0.5%BSA/PBSと記載)950μLに懸濁し、遠心処理(4℃、500×g、5分間)にて再度細胞を沈殿させた。上清を再度取り除いた後、0.5%BSA(シグマ社製)を添加したリン酸バッファー(ギブコ社製)400μLの0.5%BSA/PBSに懸濁し、この懸濁液をフローサイトメトリー測定に供した。
フローサイトメトリー解析はBD FACSCanto II フローサイトメーター(ベクトン ディッキンソン社)を用いて機器指示書に従い行った。ZsGreenの発現率の求め方は、前方散乱光(FSC)、側方散乱光(SSC)の2パラメータヒストグラム(x軸:FSC、y軸:SSC)上で、目的細胞集団をゲートでくくり、そのゲート中の細胞集団をGFP検出パラメーターのヒストグラム(x軸:GFPの蛍光強度、y軸:細胞数を示す)で展開し、アイソタイプコントロールと比較してGFP蛍光強度の高い細胞をZsGreen陽性細胞として定義し、前述のゲート中全細胞数に対するZsGreen陽性細胞数の比率(%)を遺伝子導入率(GT%:Gene Transduction efficiency)とし、及び蛍光強度(MFI:Mean Fluorescence Intensity)を測定した。
実施例2-2の培養方法により取得した各日のウイルス上清液を評価し、4日間のウイルス上清液の平均値を算出した。図1に示されるように、培地B群、C群を用いて回収したレトロウイルス上清液の遺伝子導入効率は、基本培地である培地Aよりも2倍以上の遺伝子導入効率を示した。すなわち、培地Aよりも高タイターのウイルスが得られ高効率にZsGreen遺伝子が導入された。また、培地B群、C群ともに培地D、Eと比較しても、TSA又はATRA単独よりも高い前記効果が得られた。
なお、図中、「NGMC」は非遺伝子導入細胞を意味し、陰性対照を示す。以下図2~図15中も同様の意味である。
実施例2-2の培養方法により取得した各日のウイルス上清液を評価し、4日間のウイルス上清液の平均値を算出した。図2に示されるように、培地B群、C群を用いて回収したレトロウイルス上清液の蛍光強度は、培地Aよりも2倍程度高い蛍光強度を示した。すなわち、培地Aよりも高タイターのウイルスが得られ高効率に遺伝子が導入されることにより蛍光レポータータンパク質(ZsGreen)が高発現された。また、培地D、Eと比較しても、TSA又はATRA単独よりも高い前記効果が得られた。
実施例1記載の培地Aに、ATRAを最終濃度10nM、及び100nMとなるように添加し、さらに酪酸ナトリウム(NaB)を最終濃度5mMになるように添加して、培地F-1、F-2をそれぞれ作製した。更に、培地Fにlipidを溶液比(V/V)で1/100、1/250、1/1000となるように添加して、培地G-1、G-2、G-3をそれぞれ作製した。さらに培地AにNaBのみ添加(終濃度5mM)した培地H、及びATRAのみ添加(終濃度10nM)した培地Eを作製した。これらの培地組成を表2に示す。
実施例2記載のレトロウイルス産生細胞を用いてウイルス上清液の調製を行った。本実施例では、実施例3の培地A、F群、G群、H及びEを用いて、実施例2-1と同様にしてウイルス上清液を取得した。遺伝子導入は実施例2-2と同様に行い、遺伝子導入効率の評価は、実施例2-3と同様に行った。
図3に示されるように、培地F群、G群を用いて回収したレトロウイルス上清液での遺伝子導入効率は、培地Aよりも2倍程度高い遺伝子導入効率を示した。すなわち、培地F群、G群では培地Aよりも高タイターのウイルスが得られ高効率にZsGreen遺伝子が導入された。また、培地H、E(NaB又はATRA単独)と比較しても、高い効果が得られた。
実施例2-2の培養方法により取得した各日のウイルス上清液を評価し、4日間のウイルス上清液の平均値を算出した。図4に示されるように、培地F群、G群を用いて回収したレトロウイルス上清液で得られた遺伝子導入細胞は、培地Aを用いた場合よりも2倍程度高い蛍光強度を示した。すなわち、培地Aよりも高タイターのウイルスが得られ高効率に遺伝子が導入されることにより蛍光レポータータンパク質(ZsGreen)が高発現された。また、培地H、Eを用いた場合と比較しても細胞の蛍光強度は高かった。
実施例1記載の培地Aに、レチノイン酸(ATRA)を最終濃度10nMとなるように添加し、さらにバルプロ酸(VPA)(和光純薬工業)を最終濃度500μM、1mM、2mMになるように添加した、培地I-1、I-2、及びI-3(以下、培地I群と記載する)を作製した。また、比較対照として、培地AにVPAを最終濃度500μM、1mM、2mMになるように添加した、培地J-1、J-2、及びJ-3(以下、培地J群と記載する)を作製した。さらに培地AにNaBのみ添加(終濃度5mM)した培地H、及びNaB(終濃度5mM)とATRA(終濃度10nM)を添加した培地F-1を作製した。これらの培地組成を表3に示す。
実施例2記載のレトロウイルス産生細胞を用いてウイルス上清液の調製を行った。本実施例では、実施例5の培地A、I群、J群、H、及びF-1を用いて、実施例2-1の方法でウイルス上清液を取得した。ただし、ウイルス回収日数を実施例2-1では4日間としているが、本実施例では3日間で回収したウイルス上清液を混合して評価している。遺伝子導入はウイルス希釈を10倍とした以外は実施例2-2と同様に行い、遺伝子導入効率の評価は、実施例2-3と同様に行った。
図5に示されるように、培地I群を用いて回収したレトロウイルス上清液での遺伝子導入効率は、培地Aよりも2倍程度高い遺伝子導入効率を示した。すなわち、培地I群では培地Aよりも高タイターのウイルスが得られ高効率にZsGreen遺伝子が導入された。また、培地J群(VPA単独)と比較しても、高い効果が得られた。なお、実施例4の図2の結果と同様、培地F-1は、培地H(NaB単独)と比較しても、高い効果が得られた。
1.レトロウイルス産生細胞の作製
国際公開第2008/153029号パンフレット記載のコドン変換型TCR及びsiRNA共発現レトロウイルスベクター(MS-MA24-siTCR)を用いて、HEK293T細胞(ATCC CRL-11268)に、Retorovirus Packaging Kit Eco(タカラバイオ社製)を用いて製品プロトコールに従いトランスフェクションし、各種エコトロピックレトロウイルス上清液を獲得した。このウイルス上清液を0.45μmフィルター(Milex HV、ミリポア社製)にてろ過し、PG13細胞にポリブレンを使用する方法により感染させ、限界稀釈法により細胞のクローン化を行った。
実施例7-1で得られたクローン細胞から作製したワーキングセルバンク(WCB)を37℃のウォーターバスにて解凍した。解凍された細胞液を15mL遠心チューブに移し、完全培地[10%ウシ胎児血清(10%FBS、エスエーエフシー バイオサイエンス社製)を含むDMEM培地(ギブコ社製)]を10mL加え、遠心処理(500×g、5分間、20℃)を行った。遠心後、上清を除去し、10mLの完全培地に懸濁しセルカウントを行った。セルカウント後、完全培地を用いて、細胞懸濁液を78.5×104cells/mLに調製し、細胞培養用の100mmディッシュ(イワキ社製)に前記の細胞懸濁液1mL、及び完全培地14.7mLを添加し、CO2インキュベーター(37℃、湿度95%、CO2濃度5%)にて培養を行った。継代間隔は3日とし、1継代目の播種細胞密度を1×104cells/cm2、液量を0.2mL/cm2として継代操作を行った。2継代目は播種細胞密度を1.0×104cells/cm2、液量を0.2mL/cm2として、細胞培養用のCELLBIND処理T225フラスコ(CORNING社製)1個あたりに45.0mLずつ添加した。2継代目実施の3日後、培養上清液を取り除き、表4記載の培地H、F-1、K、L、及びB-1にそれぞれ置換した(液量は0.1mL/cm2)。なお、デキサメタゾン(DEX)(ナカライテスク社製)は、培地K、Lに最終濃度100nMとなるように添加した。培地置換の翌日に、各培地を回収し、それぞれ新しい同じ培地に交換した。なお、2継代の3日後からは、32℃、湿度95%、CO2濃度5%にて培養を行った。上記の培地の交換と回収を3日間連続で計3回行い、3回目は培地の添加を行わず培地の回収のみ行った。回収した培養上清液(1回目、2回目、3回目)は、混合した後0.22μmのポアサイズのフィルター(ミリポア社製)でろ過し、レトロウイルス上清液として小分け分注後-80℃保存した。
レトロウイルス上清液について遺伝子導入効率の測定を行った。
レトロネクチンを25μg/mL、抗CD3抗体(OKT3、ヤンセンファーマ株式会社)を5μg/mLとなるようにPBSに溶解した。この溶液を表面処理した(tissue culture treated)6穴プレートに各ウェル1mLずつ添加し、37℃で5時間放置した。その後溶液を除き、GT-T-RetroIII(タカラバイオ社製、以下、RetroIIIと記載する)を用いて1mLずつ各ウェルを2回洗浄した。次に、RetroIIIにIL-2(NOVARTIS社製)を最終濃度600IU/mL、ファンギゾン(ブリストル・マイヤーズスクイブ社製)を最終濃度0.5μg/mL、自己血漿0.6%となるように調製した培養用培地(以下、CMと記載する)を1mLずつで各ウェルを洗浄し、レトロネクチン/抗CD3抗体固定化プレートを作製した。
フローサイトメトリー解析はBD FACSCanto II フローサイトメーターを用いて機器指示書に従い行った。CD8陽性細胞中のテトラマー陽性細胞の存在比率の求め方は、APCcy7、PE検出パラメーターの2パラメータヒストグラム(x軸:APCcy7の蛍光強度、y軸:PEの蛍光強度を示す)上で、アイソタイプコントロールによりAPCcy7(CD8)、PE(MAGE-A4テトラマー)非発現細胞の蛍光強度領域を確認後、その領域を境に4分割し、APCcy7、PE発現細胞の蛍光強度領域を定め、その細胞数の割合(%)を測定した。測定後、遺伝子導入効率(GT%:Gene Transduction efficiency)は、下記の式により求めた。
レトロウイルス上清液についてRNAコピー数の測定を行った。
測定は、Retrovirus Titer Set(for Real TIME PCR)(タカラバイオ社製)を用いて、取扱説明書の標準的な使用方法に従ってRNAコピー数を算出した。結果については、図7に示されるように実施例7-4の遺伝子導入効率の結果と同様、ATRA、DEXの片方、又は両方をNaBと組み合わせることにより、基本培地である培地AにNaBを添加した培地Hよりも顕著に高いRNAコピー数(以下、図中RNA COPYと記載)を示した。
培地Aにデキサメタゾン(DEX)を最終濃度100nM、レチノイン酸(ATRA)を最終濃度1μMとなるように添加し、さらにトリコスタチンA(TSA)をそれぞれ最終濃度50nM、500nMになるように添加した、培地M-1、及びM-2(以下、培地M群と記載する)を作製した。さらに培地AにTSAを終濃度50nM、500nMになるように添加した、培地D-1、及びD-2(以下、培地D群と記載する)NaBのみ添加(終濃度5mM)した培地H、及びNaB(終濃度5mM)、レチノイン酸(ATRA)を最終濃度100nM、デキサメタゾン(DEX)を最終濃度100nM添加した培地Nを作製した。各培地の組成を表5に示す。
1.レトロウイルス産生細胞の培養
実施例7-1記載のレトロウイルス産生細胞を用いてウイルス上清液の調製を行った。本実施例では、実施例8記載の培地を用いて、実施例2-1の方法でウイルス上清液を取得した。ただし、ウイルス回収日数を実施例2-1では4日間としているが、本実施例では3日間で回収したウイルス上清液を混合して評価している。
遺伝子導入はCD8抗体をHuman CD8-FITC(ベクトン ディッキンソン社製)を用いて実施した以外は実施例7-3と同様に行った。遺伝子導入効率の評価は、実施例7-4と同様に行った。
レトロウイルス上清液についてRNAコピー数の測定を行った。
測定は、Retrovirus Titer Set(for Real TIME PCR)を用いて、取扱説明書の標準的な使用方法に従ってRNAコピー数を算出した。結果については、図9に示されるように実施例9-2の遺伝子導入効率の結果と同様、M-1とD-1、M-2とD-2、及びHとNを比較すると、ATRA、DEXの両方をNaB、又はTSAと組み合わせることにより、NaB、又はTSA単独添加培地よりも顕著に高いRNAコピー数を示した。また、TSAは50nMより500nMで効果があった。
実施例1と同様の方法で表6記載の最終濃度となるように培地を調製した。
実施例2記載のレトロウイルス産生細胞を用いてウイルス上清液の調製を行った。実施例10記載の培地を用いて、実施例2-1の方法でウイルス上清液を取得した。ただし、ウイルス回収日数を本実施例では4日間で回収して混合したウイルス上清液と、3日間で回収して混合したウイルス上清液を評価している。遺伝子導入はウイルス希釈を10倍とした以外は実施例2-2と同様に行い、遺伝子導入効率及び蛍光強度の評価は、実施例2-3と同様に行った。
図10に示されるように、培地O群を用いて回収したレトロウイルス上清液での遺伝子導入効率は、培地Aよりも6~8倍程度高い遺伝子導入効率を示した。また、遺伝子導入効率は、3日間より4日間の方が対照群からの上昇効果が大きかった。
図11に示されるように、培地O群を用いて回収したレトロウイルス上清液での蛍光強度は、培地Aよりも2~3.5倍程度高い蛍光強度を示した。
実施例1と同様の方法で表7記載の最終濃度となるように培地を調製した。ここで、AM80にタミバロテン(シグマ社製)を使用した。
実施例2記載のレトロウイルス産生細胞を用いてウイルス上清液の調製を行った。実施例12記載の培地を用いて、実施例2-1の方法でウイルス上清液を取得した。ただし、ウイルス回収日数を実施例2-1では4日間としているが、本実施例では3日間で回収したウイルス上清液を混合して評価している。遺伝子導入はウイルス希釈を10倍とした以外は実施例2-2と同様に行い、遺伝子導入効率の評価は、実施例2-3と同様に行った。
図12に示されるように、培地P群、R群を用いて回収したレトロウイルス上清液での遺伝子導入効率は、培地Aよりも1.5~2倍程度高い遺伝子導入効率を示した。なお、9-cis、AM80単独の培地Q群、S群の遺伝子導入効率は培地Aと同程度か減少する。
実施例1と同様の方法で表8記載の最終濃度となるように培地を調製した。
実施例2記載のレトロウイルス産生細胞を用いてウイルス上清液の調製を行った。実施例14記載の培地を用いて、実施例2-1の方法でウイルス上清液を取得した。ただし、ウイルス回収日数を実施例2-1では4日間としているが、本実施例では3日間で回収したウイルス上清液を混合して評価している。遺伝子導入はウイルス希釈を10倍とした以外は実施例2-2と同様に行い、遺伝子導入効率の評価は、実施例2-3と同様に行った。
図13に示されるように、培地T群を用いて回収したレトロウイルス上清液での遺伝子導入効率は、培地Aよりも1.4~1.9倍程度高い遺伝子導入効率を示した。また、SAHA濃度が対応するU群培地よりも高い遺伝子導入効率を示した。
細胞培養用培地であるDMEMに非働化FBSを溶液比(V/V)で1/10加えた基本培地(培地V)として、レチノイン酸(ATRA)を最終濃度100nMとなるように添加し、さらに酪酸ナトリウム(NaB)を最終濃度5mMになるように添加して、培地Wを作製した。さらに培地VにNaBのみ添加(終濃度5mM)した培地X、及びATRAのみ添加(終濃度100nM)した培地Yを作製した。各培地の組成を表9に示す。
実施例2記載のレトロウイルス産生細胞を用いてウイルス上清液の調製を行った。実施例16記載の培地を用いて、実施例2-1の方法でウイルス上清液を取得した。ただし、ウイルス回収日数を実施例2-1では4日間としているが、本実施例では3日間で回収したウイルス上清液を混合して評価している。遺伝子導入はウイルス希釈を10倍とした以外は実施例2-2と同様に行い、遺伝子導入効率、蛍光強度の評価は、実施例2-3と同様に行った。
図14に示されるように、培地Wを用いて回収したレトロウイルス上清液での遺伝子導入効率は、培地Vよりも1.2倍程度高い遺伝子導入効率を示した。
図15に示されるように、培地Wを用いて回収したレトロウイルス上清液での蛍光強度は、培地Vよりも1.5倍程度高い蛍光強度を示した。
Claims (13)
- ウイルスベクターを産生する能力を有する細胞を、レチノイン酸類及びヒストン脱アセチル化酵素阻害物質を有効成分として含む培地で培養する工程を包含するウイルスベクターの製造方法。
- 培地が、有効成分として、更に脂質類を含む請求項1記載の製造方法。
- 細胞が継続的にウイルスベクターを産生する能力がある細胞である請求項1又は2に記載の製造方法。
- ウイルスベクターがレトロウイルスベクターである請求項1~3いずれか記載の製造方法。
- ヒストン脱アセチル化酵素阻害物質がトリコスタチンA及び酪酸ナトリウムからなる群より選択される少なくとも1種の物質である請求項1~4いずれか記載の製造方法。
- 請求項1~5いずれか記載の方法で製造されたウイルスベクター。
- 請求項6記載のウイルスベクターを用いて細胞を形質転換することを特徴とする形質転換された細胞集団の製造方法。
- 請求項7に記載の製造方法で得られた形質転換された細胞集団。
- 医薬に使用するための請求項8記載の細胞集団。
- 医薬の製造に用いる請求項8記載の細胞集団。
- 請求項8記載の細胞集団を有効成分として含有する医薬。
- 対象に有効量の請求項11記載の医薬を投与する工程を含む疾病の治療方法又は予防方法。
- 有効成分として、レチノイン酸類及びヒストン脱アセチル化酵素阻害物質を含むことを特徴とするウイルスベクター製造用培地。
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