WO2012035934A1 - 有機電界発光素子 - Google Patents
有機電界発光素子 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012035934A1 WO2012035934A1 PCT/JP2011/068867 JP2011068867W WO2012035934A1 WO 2012035934 A1 WO2012035934 A1 WO 2012035934A1 JP 2011068867 W JP2011068867 W JP 2011068867W WO 2012035934 A1 WO2012035934 A1 WO 2012035934A1
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- 0 *c(cc1)cc2c1[n]c1c2[n]c2ccccc12 Chemical compound *c(cc1)cc2c1[n]c1c2[n]c2ccccc12 0.000 description 1
- ZKGHGKNHPPZALY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Brc1cccc(-[n]2c3ccccc3c3c2cccc3)c1 Chemical compound Brc1cccc(-[n]2c3ccccc3c3c2cccc3)c1 ZKGHGKNHPPZALY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NNCBMKHBJDAASX-UHFFFAOYSA-N c(cc1)cc(c2ccccc22)c1[n]2-c(cc1)cc2c1c([s]c1cc(-[n]3c4ccccc4c4c3cccc4)ccc11)c1[s]2 Chemical compound c(cc1)cc(c2ccccc22)c1[n]2-c(cc1)cc2c1c([s]c1cc(-[n]3c4ccccc4c4c3cccc4)ccc11)c1[s]2 NNCBMKHBJDAASX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGTBPAIYYVAZKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N c(cc1)cc(c2ccccc22)c1[n]2-c1cccc(-[n](c2c3cccc2)c(c2ccccc22)c3[n]2-c2cc(-[n]3c(cccc4)c4c4c3cccc4)ccc2)c1 Chemical compound c(cc1)cc(c2ccccc22)c1[n]2-c1cccc(-[n](c2c3cccc2)c(c2ccccc22)c3[n]2-c2cc(-[n]3c(cccc4)c4c4c3cccc4)ccc2)c1 DGTBPAIYYVAZKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- C07D487/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00
- C07D487/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
- C07D487/04—Ortho-condensed systems
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D491/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed ring system both one or more rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms and one or more rings having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D459/00, C07D463/00, C07D477/00 or C07D489/00
- C07D491/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed ring system both one or more rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms and one or more rings having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D459/00, C07D463/00, C07D477/00 or C07D489/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
- C07D491/04—Ortho-condensed systems
- C07D491/044—Ortho-condensed systems with only one oxygen atom as ring hetero atom in the oxygen-containing ring
- C07D491/048—Ortho-condensed systems with only one oxygen atom as ring hetero atom in the oxygen-containing ring the oxygen-containing ring being five-membered
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D495/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed system at least one hetero ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- C07D495/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed system at least one hetero ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
- C07D495/04—Ortho-condensed systems
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- C09K11/00—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials
- C09K11/06—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing organic luminescent materials
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- H05B33/00—Electroluminescent light sources
- H05B33/10—Apparatus or processes specially adapted to the manufacture of electroluminescent light sources
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- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
- H10K50/10—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED]
- H10K50/11—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED] characterised by the electroluminescent [EL] layers
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- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/60—Organic compounds having low molecular weight
- H10K85/649—Aromatic compounds comprising a hetero atom
- H10K85/657—Polycyclic condensed heteroaromatic hydrocarbons
- H10K85/6572—Polycyclic condensed heteroaromatic hydrocarbons comprising only nitrogen in the heteroaromatic polycondensed ring system, e.g. phenanthroline or carbazole
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K2101/00—Properties of the organic materials covered by group H10K85/00
- H10K2101/10—Triplet emission
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/30—Coordination compounds
- H10K85/341—Transition metal complexes, e.g. Ru(II)polypyridine complexes
- H10K85/346—Transition metal complexes, e.g. Ru(II)polypyridine complexes comprising platinum
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an organic electroluminescent device containing a nitrogen-containing aromatic compound, and more particularly to a thin film device that emits light by applying an electric field to a light emitting layer made of an organic compound.
- an organic electroluminescence element (hereinafter referred to as an organic EL element) has a light emitting layer and a pair of counter electrodes sandwiching the layer as its simplest structure. That is, in an organic EL element, when an electric field is applied between both electrodes, electrons are injected from the cathode, holes are injected from the anode, and these are recombined in the light emitting layer to emit light. .
- CBP 4,4′-bis (9-carbazolyl) biphenyl
- Ir (ppy) 3 2,4′-bis (9-carbazolyl) biphenyl
- CBP's holes can flow easily and electrons do not flow easily. The charge balance is lost, and excess holes flow out to the electron transport layer side. As a result, the light emission efficiency from Ir (ppy) 3 decreases.
- a host material having high triplet excitation energy and balanced in both charge (hole / electron) injection and transport characteristics is required. Further, a compound that is electrochemically stable and has high heat resistance and excellent amorphous stability is desired, and further improvement is required.
- Patent Document 3 discloses an indoloindole compound as shown below, but this compound is limited to use as an organic transistor material, and has usefulness as an organic EL material, particularly as a phosphorescent host material. It is not disclosed.
- Patent Documents 4 and 5 disclose organic EL elements using the following compounds.
- An object of this invention is to provide the practically useful organic EL element which has high efficiency and high drive stability in view of the said present condition, and a compound suitable for it.
- the present invention provides an organic electroluminescent device in which an anode, a plurality of organic layers and a cathode are laminated on a substrate, and at least one organic layer contains a nitrogen-containing aromatic compound represented by the general formula (1).
- the present invention relates to an organic electroluminescent element characterized by the above.
- X represents NA, oxygen or sulfur
- each A independently represents an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 11 carbon atoms, or 6 carbon atoms.
- Each R independently represents hydrogen, a carbon containing no alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 11 carbon atoms, an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms or a condensed heterocyclic ring having 4 or more rings.
- each A independently represents an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms or 3 to 30 carbon atoms that does not include four or more condensed heterocyclic rings.
- a nitrogen-containing aromatic compound which is an aromatic heterocyclic group is a preferable compound.
- a nitrogen-containing aromatic compound in which X is NA is a preferred compound.
- the organic layer containing the nitrogen-containing aromatic compound represented by the general formula (1) is preferably at least one layer selected from the group consisting of a light emitting layer, a hole transport layer and an electron blocking layer. More preferably, it is a light emitting layer containing a phosphorescent dopant.
- the organic electroluminescent device of the present invention contains a nitrogen-containing aromatic compound represented by the general formula (1) (hereinafter also referred to as a compound represented by the general formula (1) or a nitrogen-containing aromatic compound).
- This nitrogen-containing aromatic compound is considered to bring about the above excellent effects by taking a form in which a condensed heterocyclic ring is condensed with [3,2-b] on a 5-membered ring of indole.
- X represents NA, oxygen or sulfur.
- X is NA.
- A does not include an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 11 carbon atoms, an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, or a condensed heterocyclic ring having 4 or more rings.
- A is an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 7 carbon atoms, an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 24 carbon atoms, or 3 to 24 carbon atoms not containing 4 or more condensed heterocyclic rings.
- A represents an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 24 carbon atoms or an aromatic heterocyclic group having 3 to 24 carbon atoms which does not include a condensed heterocyclic ring having 4 or more rings.
- X is NA
- the two A in the general formula (1) may be the same or different.
- alkyl group examples include a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, a butyl group, a pentyl group, a hexyl group, a heptyl group, an octyl group, a nonyl group, and a decyl group, preferably a methyl group, an ethyl group, and a propyl group.
- the alkyl group may be linear or branched.
- cycloalkyl group examples include a cyclopropyl group, a cyclobutyl group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, a cyclooctyl group, and a methylcyclohexyl group, preferably a cyclohexyl group or a methylcyclohexyl group.
- aromatic hydrocarbon group or an aromatic heterocyclic group not containing four or more condensed heterocyclic rings include benzene, pentalene, indene, naphthalene, azulene, heptalene, octalene, indacene, acenaphthylene, phenalene, phenanthrene, anthracene , Triindene, fluoranthene, acephenanthrylene, acanthrylene, triphenylene, pyrene, chrysene, tetraphen, tetracene, preaden, picene, perylene, pentaphen, pentacene, tetraphenylene, colanthrylene, helicene, hexaphen, rubicene, coronene, trinaphthylene , Heptaphene, pyranthrene, furan, benzofuran, isobenzofuran, x
- the number to be linked is preferably 2 to 10, more preferably 2 to 7, and the linked aromatic rings may be the same. It may be different.
- the bonding position of A bonded to the nitrogen of the ring represented by the formula (2) is not limited, and it may be a ring at a terminal portion or a central ring of the linked aromatic rings.
- the aromatic ring is a generic term for an aromatic hydrocarbon ring and an aromatic heterocyclic ring. When the linked aromatic ring contains at least one heterocyclic ring, it is included in the aromatic heterocyclic group.
- the monovalent group generated by connecting a plurality of aromatic rings is represented by the following formula, for example.
- Ar 1 to Ar 6 represent a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic ring.
- Specific examples of the group formed by linking a plurality of the aromatic rings include, for example, biphenyl, terphenyl, bipyridine, bipyrimidine, vitriazine, terpyridine, bistriazylbenzene, dicarbazolylbenzene, carbazolylbiphenyl, dicarbazolylbiphenyl.
- the aromatic heterocyclic group not containing 4 or more condensed heterocyclic rings means a monocyclic aromatic heterocyclic group or 2 to 3 condensed aromatic heterocyclic groups, and this aromatic heterocyclic group The group may have a substituent.
- this aromatic heterocyclic group is a group formed by connecting a plurality of aromatic rings as represented by the formula (11), for example, the plurality of aromatic rings are four or more condensed heterocyclic groups. There is nothing.
- the aromatic hydrocarbon group or the aromatic heterocyclic group not containing 4 or more condensed heterocyclic rings may have a substituent, and when these have a substituent, the substituent has 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
- Alkyl group, cycloalkyl group having 3 to 6 carbon atoms, alkoxy group having 1 to 2 carbon atoms, acetyl group, amino group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms, phosphanyl group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms, and 3 to 18 carbon atoms A silyl group.
- An alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 6 carbon atoms, or an amino group having 6 to 15 carbon atoms is preferable.
- the aromatic group branched and linked is not treated as a substituent.
- A is an aromatic hydrocarbon group, an aromatic heterocyclic group, or an aliphatic hydrocarbon group and has a substituent
- the total number of substituents is 1 to 10.
- it is 1-6, more preferably 1-4.
- they may be the same or different.
- the carbon number of the substituent is included.
- A is preferably an aromatic hydrocarbon group or an aromatic heterocyclic group.
- preferable aromatic hydrocarbon group or aromatic heterocyclic group include benzene, naphthalene, anthracene, pyridine, pyrimidine, triazine, carbazole, dibenzofuran, dibenzothiophene, biphenyl, terphenyl, dicarbazolylbenzene, carbazolyl.
- each R is independently hydrogen, an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 11 carbon atoms, an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms, or four or more rings.
- An aromatic heterocyclic group More preferably, they are hydrogen, a phenyl group, or a carbazolyl group.
- the compound represented by the general formula (1) can be synthesized using a known method by selecting a raw material according to the structure of the target compound using a 2-bromonitrobenzene derivative as a starting material.
- indoloindole compounds in which X is NA are described in J. Org. Org. Chem. , 2009, 4242-4246 and Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 2003, 2436-2445 and J. Am. Am. Chem. Soc. , 1994, 8152-8161 with reference to the synthesis example shown in the following reaction formula.
- a benzofurindole compound in which X is represented by oxygen is described in Heterocycles, 1990, vol. 31, 1951-1958 and Journal of Chemical Research, 1988, 272-273, and can be synthesized by the following reaction formula.
- a compound represented by the general formula (1) can be synthesized.
- nitrogen-containing aromatic compound represented by general formula (1) Specific examples of the nitrogen-containing aromatic compound represented by general formula (1) are shown below, but the materials used for the organic electroluminescence device of the present invention are not limited thereto.
- the nitrogen-containing aromatic compound represented by the general formula (1) is excellent by being contained in at least one organic layer of an organic EL device in which an anode, a plurality of organic layers and a cathode are laminated on a substrate.
- An organic electroluminescent device is provided.
- the organic layer to be contained is preferably a light emitting layer, a hole transport layer or an electron blocking layer. More preferably, it may be contained as a host material of a light emitting layer containing a phosphorescent dopant.
- the organic EL device of the present invention has an organic layer having at least one light emitting layer between an anode and a cathode laminated on a substrate, and the at least one organic layer is represented by the general formula (1).
- the light emitting layer, the hole transport layer and the electron blocking layer contain the compound represented by the general formula (1), and more preferably the compound represented by the general formula (1) emits light together with the phosphorescent dopant. Include in the layer.
- the structure of the organic EL element of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
- the structure of the organic EL element of the present invention is not limited to the illustrated one.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a structural example of a general organic EL device used in the present invention, wherein 1 is a substrate, 2 is an anode, 3 is a hole injection layer, 4 is a hole transport layer, and 5 is a light emitting layer. , 6 represents an electron transport layer, and 7 represents a cathode.
- the organic EL device of the present invention may have an exciton blocking layer adjacent to the light emitting layer, and may have an electron blocking layer between the light emitting layer and the hole injection layer.
- the exciton blocking layer can be inserted on either the anode side or the cathode side of the light emitting layer, or both can be inserted simultaneously.
- the organic EL device of the present invention has a substrate, an anode, a light emitting layer and a cathode as essential layers, but it is preferable to have a hole injecting and transporting layer and an electron injecting and transporting layer in layers other than the essential layers, and further emit light. It is preferable to have a hole blocking layer between the layer and the electron injecting and transporting layer.
- the hole injection / transport layer means either or both of a hole injection layer and a hole transport layer
- the electron injection / transport layer means either or both of an electron injection layer and an electron transport layer.
- the organic EL element of the present invention is preferably supported on a substrate.
- the substrate is not particularly limited as long as it is conventionally used for an organic EL element.
- a substrate made of glass, transparent plastic, quartz, or the like can be used.
- an electrode material made of a metal, an alloy, an electrically conductive compound, or a mixture thereof having a high work function (4 eV or more) is preferably used.
- electrode materials include metals such as Au, and conductive transparent materials such as CuI, indium tin oxide (ITO), SnO 2 and ZnO.
- conductive transparent materials such as CuI, indium tin oxide (ITO), SnO 2 and ZnO.
- an amorphous material such as IDIXO (In 2 O 3 —ZnO) that can form a transparent conductive film may be used.
- these electrode materials may be formed into a thin film by a method such as vapor deposition or sputtering, and a pattern having a desired shape may be formed by a photolithography method, or when the pattern accuracy is not so high (about 100 ⁇ m or more) ), A pattern may be formed through a mask having a desired shape when the electrode material is deposited or sputtered. Or when using the substance which can be apply
- the transmittance is greater than 10%, and the sheet resistance as the anode is preferably several hundred ⁇ / ⁇ or less.
- the film thickness depends on the material, it is usually selected in the range of 10 to 1000 nm, preferably 10 to 200 nm.
- the cathode a material having a low work function (4 eV or less) metal (referred to as an electron injecting metal), an alloy, an electrically conductive compound, and a mixture thereof as an electrode material is used.
- an electron injecting metal a material having a low work function (4 eV or less) metal
- an alloy a material having a low work function (4 eV or less) metal
- an alloy a material having a low work function (4 eV or less) metal
- an alloy referred to as an electron injecting metal
- an alloy referred to as an electron injecting metal
- a mixture of an electron injecting metal and a second metal which is a stable metal having a larger work function than this for example, a magnesium / silver mixture
- Suitable are a magnesium / aluminum mixture, a magnesium / indium mixture, an aluminum / aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ) mixture, a lithium / aluminum mixture, aluminum and the like.
- the cathode can be produced by forming a thin film of these electrode materials by a method such as vapor deposition or sputtering.
- the sheet resistance as the cathode is preferably several hundred ⁇ / ⁇ or less, and the film thickness is usually selected in the range of 10 nm to 5 ⁇ m, preferably 50 to 200 nm.
- the light emission luminance is improved, which is convenient.
- a transparent or semi-transparent cathode can be produced by producing the conductive transparent material mentioned in the description of the anode on the cathode after producing the metal with a thickness of 1 to 20 nm on the cathode.
- an element in which both the anode and the cathode are transmissive can be manufactured.
- the fluorescent light emitting material may be at least one kind of fluorescent light emitting material, but it is preferable to use the fluorescent light emitting material as a fluorescent light emitting dopant and include a host material. .
- the compound represented by the general formula (1) can be used as the fluorescent light-emitting material in the emissive layer, other compounds known as fluorescent light-emitting materials from many patent documents can also be used.
- other compounds include benzoxazole derivatives, benzimidazole derivatives, benzothiazole derivatives, styrylbenzene derivatives, polyphenyl derivatives, diphenylbutadiene derivatives, tetraphenylbutadiene derivatives, naphthalimide derivatives, coumarin derivatives, condensed aromatic compounds, perinone derivatives.
- Oxadiazole derivatives Oxadiazole derivatives, oxazine derivatives, aldazine derivatives, pyralidine derivatives, cyclopentadiene derivatives, bisstyrylanthracene derivatives, quinacridone derivatives, pyrrolopyridine derivatives, thiadiazolopyridine derivatives, cyclopentadiene derivatives, styrylamine derivatives, diketopyrrolopyrrole derivatives , Aromatic dimethylidine compounds, metal complexes of 8-quinolinol derivatives, metal complexes of pyromethene derivatives, rare earth complexes, transition gold Various metal complexes represented by complexes, polythiophene, polyphenylene, polyphenylene vinylene polymer compounds such as, organic silane derivatives, and the like.
- Preferred examples include condensed aromatic compounds, styryl compounds, diketopyrrolopyrrole compounds, oxazine compounds, pyromethene metal complexes, transition metal complexes, and lanthanoid complexes. More preferred are naphthacene, pyrene, chrysene, triphenylene, benzo [c] phenanthrene.
- the amount of the fluorescent light emitting dopant contained in the light emitting layer is 0.01 to 20% by weight, preferably 0.1 to 10% by weight. It should be in range.
- the light emitting layer is a phosphorescent light emitting layer
- a phosphorescent light emitting dopant and a host material are included.
- the phosphorescent dopant material preferably contains an organometallic complex containing at least one metal selected from ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, silver, rhenium, osmium, iridium, platinum and gold.
- organometallic complexes are known in the prior art documents and the like, and these can be selected and used.
- Preferable phosphorescent dopants include complexes such as Ir (ppy) 3 having a noble metal element such as Ir as a central metal, complexes such as Ir (bt) 2 ⁇ acac3, and complexes such as PtOEt3. Specific examples of these complexes are shown below, but are not limited to the following compounds.
- the amount of phosphorescent dopant contained in the light emitting layer is preferably in the range of 1 to 50% by weight. More preferably, it is 5 to 30% by weight.
- the host material in the emissive layer it is preferable to use the compound represented by the general formula (1).
- the material used for the light emitting layer is a host material other than the compound represented by the general formula (1). There may be.
- a plurality of known host materials may be used in combination.
- a known host compound that can be used is preferably a compound that has a hole transporting ability or an electron transporting ability, prevents the emission of light from becoming longer, and has a high glass transition temperature.
- Such a known host material can be selected from those known from many patent documents. Specific examples of the host material are not particularly limited, but include indole derivatives, carbazole derivatives, triazole derivatives, oxazole derivatives, oxadiazole derivatives, imidazole derivatives, polyarylalkane derivatives, pyrazoline derivatives, pyrazolone derivatives, phenylenediamine.
- arylamine derivatives amino-substituted chalcone derivatives, styrylanthracene derivatives, fluorenone derivatives, hydrazone derivatives, stilbene derivatives, silazane derivatives, aromatic tertiary amine compounds, styrylamine compounds, aromatic dimethylidene compounds, porphyrin compounds, anthraquino Heterocyclic tetracarboxylic acid anhydrides such as dimethane derivatives, anthrone derivatives, diphenylquinone derivatives, thiopyran dioxide derivatives, naphthalene perylene,
- the injection layer is a layer provided between the electrode and the organic layer for lowering the driving voltage and improving the luminance of light emission.
- the injection layer can be provided as necessary.
- the hole blocking layer has a function of an electron transport layer in a broad sense, and is made of a hole blocking material that has a function of transporting electrons and has a remarkably small ability to transport holes. The probability of recombination of electrons and holes can be improved by blocking.
- a compound represented by the general formula (1) can be used for the hole blocking layer, but when the compound is used for any other organic layer, a known hole blocking layer material may be used. Good. Moreover, as a hole-blocking layer material, the material of the electron carrying layer mentioned later can be used as needed.
- the electron blocking layer is made of a material that has a function of transporting holes and has a very small ability to transport electrons.
- the electron blocking layer blocks the electrons while transporting holes, and the probability of recombination of electrons and holes. Can be improved.
- the compound represented by the general formula (1) is preferably used. However, when the compound is used for any other organic layer, the material for the hole transport layer described later is used. Can be used as needed.
- the thickness of the electron blocking layer is preferably 3 to 100 nm, more preferably 5 to 30 nm.
- the exciton blocking layer is a layer for preventing excitons generated by recombination of holes and electrons in the light emitting layer from diffusing into the charge transport layer. It becomes possible to efficiently confine in the light emitting layer, and the light emission efficiency of the device can be improved.
- the exciton blocking layer can be inserted on either the anode side or the cathode side adjacent to the light emitting layer, or both can be inserted simultaneously.
- the compound represented by the general formula (1) can be used as the material for the exciton blocking layer.
- 1,3-di- Examples thereof include carbazolylbenzene (mCP) and bis (2-methyl-8-quinolinolato) -4-phenylphenolato aluminum (III) (BAlq).
- the hole transport layer is made of a hole transport material having a function of transporting holes, and the hole transport layer can be provided as a single layer or a plurality of layers.
- the hole transport material has either hole injection or transport or electron barrier properties, and may be either organic or inorganic.
- As the hole transport material it is preferable to use the compound represented by the general formula (1). However, when the compound is used in any other organic layer, any one of conventionally known compounds can be used. A thing can be selected and used. Examples of known hole transporting materials that can be used include triazole derivatives, oxadiazole derivatives, imidazole derivatives, polyarylalkane derivatives, pyrazoline derivatives and pyrazolone derivatives, phenylenediamine derivatives, aromatic amine derivatives, amino-substituted chalcone derivatives, oxazole derivatives.
- Styrylanthracene derivatives fluorenone derivatives, hydrazone derivatives, stilbene derivatives, silazane derivatives, aniline copolymers, porphyrin compounds, styrylamine compounds, and conductive polymer oligomers, particularly thiophene oligomers. It is preferable to use an aromatic tertiary amine compound or a styrylamine compound, and it is more preferable to use an aromatic tertiary amine compound.
- the electron transport layer is made of a material having a function of transporting electrons, and the electron transport layer can be provided as a single layer or a plurality of layers.
- a compound represented by the general formula (1) can be used for the electron transport layer, but when the compound is used for any other organic layer, any one of conventionally known compounds is selected. Examples thereof include nitro-substituted fluorene derivatives, diphenylquinone derivatives, thiopyrandioxide derivatives, carbodiimides, fluorenylidenemethane derivatives, anthraquinodimethane and anthrone derivatives, oxadiazole derivatives, and the like.
- a thiadiazole derivative in which the oxygen atom of the oxadiazole ring is substituted with a sulfur atom, and a quinoxaline derivative having a quinoxaline ring known as an electron withdrawing group can also be used as an electron transport material.
- a polymer material in which these materials are introduced into a polymer chain or these materials are used as a polymer main chain can also be used.
- 3-bromophenyl-9-carbazole 2.8 g (8.8 mmol), indolo [3,2-b] indole (IN-1) 0.9 g (3.8 mmol), copper iodide 0.34 g (1.8 mmol), 100 mL of tripotassium phosphate 11.3 g (53.3 mmol), trans-1,2-cyclohexanediamine 2.0 g (17.5 mmol), and 1,4-dioxane were added and stirred for 18 hours while heating at 120 ° C. After cooling the reaction solution to room temperature, the precipitated crystals were collected by filtration, and the solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure.
- the obtained pale yellow solid was purified by silica gel column chromatography and heating reslurry to obtain 3.2 g (5.3 mmol, yield 60 mol%) of compound 2-13 as a white solid.
- the result of FD-MS was m / z 614 [M + H] + , confirming the target product.
- Example 1 Each thin film was laminated at a vacuum degree of 4.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 5 Pa by a vacuum deposition method on a glass substrate on which an anode made of ITO having a thickness of 110 nm was formed.
- copper phthalocyanine (CuPC) was formed to a thickness of 25 nm on ITO.
- NPB 4,4′-bis [N- (1-naphthyl) -N-phenylamino] biphenyl
- compound 1-9 obtained in Synthesis Example 1 as a host material and bis (2- (2′-benzo [4,5-a] thienyl) pyridinato as a phosphorescent dopant are used.
- -N, C3 iridium (acetylacetonate) [(Btp) 2Iracac] was co-evaporated from different deposition sources to form a light emitting layer with a thickness of 47.5 nm.
- the concentration of (Btp) 2Iracac in the light emitting layer was 8.0 wt%.
- tris (8-hydroxyquinolinato) aluminum (III) (Alq3) was formed to a thickness of 30 nm as an electron transport layer.
- lithium fluoride (LiF) was formed to a thickness of 1.0 nm as an electron injection layer.
- Al aluminum
- the organic EL element had the light emission characteristics as shown in Table 1.
- Table 1 the luminance, voltage, and luminous efficiency show values at 10 mA / cm 2 .
- the maximum wavelength of the device emission spectrum was 620 nm, and it was found that light emission from (Btp) 2Iracac was obtained.
- Example 2 An organic EL device was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that Compound 2-13 was used as the host material for the light emitting layer.
- Example 3 An organic EL device was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that Compound 3-11 was used as the host material for the light emitting layer.
- Example 4 An organic EL device was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that Compound 1-2 was used as the host material for the light emitting layer.
- Example 5 An organic EL device was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that Compound 1-13 was used as the host material for the light emitting layer.
- Example 6 An organic EL device was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that Compound 1-19 was used as the host material for the light emitting layer.
- Example 7 An organic EL device was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that Compound 2-1 was used as the host material for the light emitting layer.
- Example 8 An organic EL device was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that Compound 2-17 was used as the host material for the light emitting layer.
- Example 9 An organic EL device was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that Compound 3-15 was used as the host material for the light emitting layer.
- Example 10 An organic EL device was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that Compound 3-17 was used as the host material for the light emitting layer.
- Comparative Example 1 An organic EL device was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that bis (2-methyl-8-quinolinolato) -4-phenylphenolato aluminum (III) (BAlq) was used as the host material for the light emitting layer.
- bis (2-methyl-8-quinolinolato) -4-phenylphenolato aluminum (III) (BAlq) was used as the host material for the light emitting layer.
- Comparative Example 2 An organic EL device was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the following compound H-1 was used as the host material for the light emitting layer. The maximum wavelength of the device emission spectrum was 620 nm, and it was found that light emission from (Btp) 2Iracac was obtained. The emission characteristics are shown in Table 1.
- the nitrogen-containing aromatic compound represented by the general formula (1) used in the organic EL device of the present invention exhibits good emission characteristics with respect to BAlq generally known as a phosphorescent host. I understand. In addition, it shows better light emission characteristics than H-1 which is a compound having no nitrogen atom in the central skeleton, and the superiority of the nitrogen-containing aromatic compound is clear.
- the nitrogen-containing aromatic compound used in the organic electroluminescent device of the present invention has a skeleton in which a condensed heterocyclic ring consisting of a 5-membered ring and a 6-membered ring is condensed with [3,2-b].
- This skeleton can be changed to a skeleton having a hole transporting property or an electron transporting property depending on the kind of the substituent. For this reason, it is considered that the compound used in the present invention exhibits good hole and electron injection and transport properties.
- this nitrogen-containing aromatic compound is used in the light emitting layer, the recombination probability is improved because the balance of both charges is improved, and the energy of the lowest excited triplet state is high.
- the organic EL device according to the present invention has practically satisfactory levels in terms of light emission characteristics, driving life and durability, flat panel display (mobile phone display device, in-vehicle display device, OA computer display device, television, etc.), surface light emission, etc. Its technical value is great in applications to light sources (lighting, light sources for copying machines, backlight light sources for liquid crystal displays and instruments), display boards, and sign lamps that make use of the characteristics of the body.
Abstract
Description
本発明の有機EL素子は、基板に支持されていることが好ましい。この基板については、特に制限はなく、従来から有機EL素子に慣用されているものであればよく、例えば、ガラス、透明プラスチック、石英などからなるものを用いることができる。
有機EL素子における陽極としては、仕事関数の大きい(4eV以上)金属、合金、電気伝導性化合物及びこれらの混合物を電極物質とするものが好ましく用いられる。このような電極物質の具体例としてはAu等の金属、CuI、インジウムチンオキシド(ITO)、SnO2、ZnO等の導電性透明材料が挙げられる。また、IDIXO(In2O3-ZnO)等非晶質で透明導電膜を作製可能な材料を用いてもよい。陽極はこれらの電極物質を蒸着やスパッタリング等の方法により、薄膜を形成させ、フォトリソグラフィー法で所望の形状のパターンを形成してもよく、あるいはパターン精度をあまり必要としない場合は(100μm以上程度)、上記電極物質の蒸着やスパッタリング時に所望の形状のマスクを介してパターンを形成してもよい。あるいは、有機導電性化合物のように塗布可能な物質を用いる場合には、印刷方式、コーティング方式等湿式成膜法を用いることもできる。この陽極より発光を取り出す場合には、透過率を10%より大きくすることが望ましく、また陽極としてのシート抵抗は数百Ω/□以下が好ましい。更に膜厚は材料にもよるが、通常10~1000nm、好ましくは10~200nmの範囲で選ばれる。
一方、陰極としては、仕事関数の小さい(4eV以下)金属(電子注入性金属と称する)、合金、電気伝導性化合物及びこれらの混合物を電極物質とするものが用いられる。このような電極物質の具体例としては、ナトリウム、ナトリウム-カリウム合金、マグネシウム、リチウム、マグネシウム/銅混合物、マグネシウム/銀混合物、マグネシウム/アルミニウム混合物、マグネシウム/インジウム混合物、アルミニウム/酸化アルミニウム(Al2O3)混合物、インジウム、リチウム/アルミニウム混合物、希土類金属等が挙げられる。これらの中で、電子注入性及び酸化等に対する耐久性の点から、電子注入性金属とこれより仕事関数の値が大きく安定な金属である第二金属との混合物、例えば、マグネシウム/銀混合物、マグネシウム/アルミニウム混合物、マグネシウム/インジウム混合物、アルミニウム/酸化アルミニウム(Al2O3)混合物、リチウム/アルミニウム混合物、アルミニウム等が好適である。陰極はこれらの電極物質を蒸着やスパッタリング等の方法により薄膜を形成させることにより、作製することができる。また、陰極としてのシート抵抗は数百Ω/□以下が好ましく、膜厚は通常10nm~5μm、好ましくは50~200nmの範囲で選ばれる。なお、発光した光を透過させるため、有機EL素子の陽極又は陰極のいずれか一方が、透明又は半透明であれば発光輝度が向上し好都合である。
発光層が蛍光発光層である場合、蛍光発光材料は少なくとも1種の蛍光発光材料を単独で使用しても構わないが、蛍光発光材料を蛍光発光ドーパントとして使用し、ホスト材料を含むことが好ましい。
注入層とは、駆動電圧低下や発光輝度向上のために電極と有機層間に設けられる層のことで、正孔注入層と電子注入層があり、陽極と発光層又は正孔輸送層の間、及び陰極と発光層又は電子輸送層との間に存在させてもよい。注入層は必要に応じて設けることができる。
正孔阻止層とは広い意味では電子輸送層の機能を有し、電子を輸送する機能を有しつつ正孔を輸送する能力が著しく小さい正孔阻止材料からなり、電子を輸送しつつ正孔を阻止することで電子と正孔の再結合確率を向上させることができる。
電子阻止層とは、正孔を輸送する機能を有しつつ電子を輸送する能力が著しく小さい材料から成り、正孔を輸送しつつ電子を阻止することで電子と正孔が再結合する確率を向上させることができる。
励起子阻止層とは、発光層内で正孔と電子が再結合することにより生じた励起子が電荷輸送層に拡散することを阻止するための層であり、本層の挿入により励起子を効率的に発光層内に閉じ込めることが可能となり、素子の発光効率を向上させることができる。励起子阻止層は発光層に隣接して陽極側、陰極側のいずれにも挿入することができ、両方同時に挿入することも可能である。
正孔輸送層とは正孔を輸送する機能を有する正孔輸送材料からなり、正孔輸送層は単層又は複数層設けることができる。
電子輸送層とは電子を輸送する機能を有する材料からなり、電子輸送層は単層又は複数層設けることができる。
膜厚110 nmのITOからなる陽極が形成されたガラス基板上に、各薄膜を真空蒸着法にて、真空度4.0×10-5 Paで積層させた。まず、ITO上に銅フタロシアニン(CuPC)を25 nmの厚さに形成した。次に、正孔輸送層として4,4'-ビス[N-(1-ナフチル)-N-フェニルアミノ]ビフェニル(NPB)を55 nmの厚さに形成した。次に、正孔輸送層上に、ホスト材料としての合成例1で得た化合物1-9と、燐光発光ドーパントとしてのビス(2-(2'-ベンゾ[4,5-a]チエニル)ピリジナト-N,C3)イリジウム(アセチルアセトネート)〔(Btp)2Iracac〕とを異なる蒸着源から、共蒸着し、47.5 nmの厚さに発光層を形成した。発光層中の(Btp)2Iracacの濃度は8.0 wt%であった。次に、電子輸送層としてトリス(8-ヒドロキシキノリナト)アルミニウム(III)(Alq3)を30 nmの厚さに形成した。更に、電子輸送層上に、電子注入層としてフッ化リチウム(LiF)を1.0 nmの厚さに形成した。最後に、電子注入層上に、電極としてアルミニウム(Al)を200 nmの厚さに形成し、有機EL素子を作成した。
発光層のホスト材料として、化合物2-13を用いた以外は実施例1と同様にして有機EL素子を作成した。
発光層のホスト材料として、化合物3-11を用いた以外は実施例1と同様にして有機EL素子を作成した。
発光層のホスト材料として、化合物1-2を用いた以外は実施例1と同様にして有機EL素子を作成した。
発光層のホスト材料として、化合物1-13を用いた以外は実施例1と同様にして有機EL素子を作成した。
発光層のホスト材料として、化合物1-19を用いた以外は実施例1と同様にして有機EL素子を作成した。
発光層のホスト材料として、化合物2-1を用いた以外は実施例1と同様にして有機EL素子を作成した。
発光層のホスト材料として、化合物2-17を用いた以外は実施例1と同様にして有機EL素子を作成した。
発光層のホスト材料として、化合物3-15を用いた以外は実施例1と同様にして有機EL素子を作成した。
発光層のホスト材料として、化合物3-17を用いた以外は実施例1と同様にして有機EL素子を作成した。
発光層のホスト材料として、ビス(2-メチル-8-キノリノラト)-4-フェニルフェノラトアルミニウム(III)(BAlq)を用いた以外は実施例1と同様にして有機EL素子を作成した。
発光層のホスト材料として、下記化合物H-1を用いた以外は実施例1と同様にして有機EL素子を作成した。素子発光スペクトルの極大波長は620 nmであり、(Btp)2Iracacからの発光が得られていることがわかった。発光特性を表1に示す。
Claims (6)
- 基板上に、陽極、複数の有機層及び陰極が積層されてなる有機電界発光素子において、少なくとも一つの有機層に、下記一般式(1)で表される化合物を含有させたことを特徴とする有機電界発光素子。
一般式(1)中、XはN-A、酸素又は硫黄を表し、Aはそれぞれ独立して炭素数1~10のアルキル基、炭素数3~11のシクロアルキル基、炭素数6~30の芳香族炭化水素基又は4環以上の縮合複素環を含まない炭素数3~30の芳香族複素環基を表す。Rはそれぞれ独立して水素、炭素数1~10のアルキル基、炭素数3~11のシクロアルキル基、炭素数6~18の芳香族炭化水素基又は4環以上の縮合複素環を含まない炭素数3~18の芳香族複素環基を表す。 - 一般式(1)において、Aはそれぞれ独立して炭素数6~30の芳香族炭化水素基又は4環以上の縮合複素環を含まない炭素数3~30の芳香族複素環基であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の有機電界発光素子。
- 一般式(1)において、XがN-Aである請求項1に記載の有機電界発光素子。
- 一般式(1)において、Xが酸素又は硫黄である請求項1に記載の有機電界発光素子。
- 一般式(1)で表される化合物を含有させた層が、発光層、正孔輸送層及び電子阻止層からなる群れから選ばれる少なくとも一つの層であることを特徴とする請求項1~4のいずれかに記載の有機電界発光素子。
- 一般式(1)で表される化合物を含有させた層が、燐光発光ドーパントを含有する発光層であることを特徴とする請求項5に記載の有機電界発光素子。
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JPWO2012035934A1 (ja) | 2014-02-03 |
CN103098253B (zh) | 2015-09-09 |
CN103098253A (zh) | 2013-05-08 |
JP5775520B2 (ja) | 2015-09-09 |
TWI510488B (zh) | 2015-12-01 |
KR20130107295A (ko) | 2013-10-01 |
KR101771020B1 (ko) | 2017-08-24 |
TW201219388A (en) | 2012-05-16 |
EP2618394A1 (en) | 2013-07-24 |
EP2618394B1 (en) | 2018-02-21 |
US20130200350A1 (en) | 2013-08-08 |
EP2618394A4 (en) | 2014-10-29 |
US9118028B2 (en) | 2015-08-25 |
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