JP5778756B2 - 含窒素芳香族化合物及び有機電界発光素子 - Google Patents
含窒素芳香族化合物及び有機電界発光素子 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5778756B2 JP5778756B2 JP2013504615A JP2013504615A JP5778756B2 JP 5778756 B2 JP5778756 B2 JP 5778756B2 JP 2013504615 A JP2013504615 A JP 2013504615A JP 2013504615 A JP2013504615 A JP 2013504615A JP 5778756 B2 JP5778756 B2 JP 5778756B2
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- -1 Nitrogen-containing aromatic compound Chemical class 0.000 title claims description 53
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- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 150
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 66
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 65
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000012044 organic layer Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 125000006615 aromatic heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 27
- 230000005525 hole transport Effects 0.000 claims description 27
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 25
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 claims description 23
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 20
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 18
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 18
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 13
- 125000000304 alkynyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 13
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- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- TXCDCPKCNAJMEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibenzofuran Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3OC2=C1 TXCDCPKCNAJMEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- IYYZUPMFVPLQIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibenzothiophene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3SC2=C1 IYYZUPMFVPLQIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
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- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen Substances N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
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- 125000002252 acyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
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- 125000000061 phosphanyl group Chemical group [H]P([H])* 0.000 claims description 3
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- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 2
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- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
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- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
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- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 6
- NFHFRUOZVGFOOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium;triphenylphosphane Chemical compound [Pd].C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 NFHFRUOZVGFOOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- 235000017550 sodium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 6
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- RIOQSEWOXXDEQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylphosphine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 RIOQSEWOXXDEQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 150000001491 aromatic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 238000000295 emission spectrum Methods 0.000 description 5
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- TVIVIEFSHFOWTE-UHFFFAOYSA-K tri(quinolin-8-yloxy)alumane Chemical compound [Al+3].C1=CN=C2C([O-])=CC=CC2=C1.C1=CN=C2C([O-])=CC=CC2=C1.C1=CN=C2C([O-])=CC=CC2=C1 TVIVIEFSHFOWTE-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 5
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Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/60—Organic compounds having low molecular weight
- H10K85/649—Aromatic compounds comprising a hetero atom
- H10K85/657—Polycyclic condensed heteroaromatic hydrocarbons
- H10K85/6572—Polycyclic condensed heteroaromatic hydrocarbons comprising only nitrogen in the heteroaromatic polycondensed ring system, e.g. phenanthroline or carbazole
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D471/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00
- C07D471/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00 in which the condensed system contains three hetero rings
- C07D471/14—Ortho-condensed systems
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D471/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00
- C07D471/22—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00 in which the condensed systems contains four or more hetero rings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D487/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00
- C07D487/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00 in which the condensed system contains three hetero rings
- C07D487/14—Ortho-condensed systems
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D487/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00
- C07D487/22—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00 in which the condensed system contains four or more hetero rings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
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Description
本発明の含窒素芳香族化合物は、下記一般式(2)で表される化合物であり、一般式(2)は上記一般式(1)のXがN-Zに特定されたものと理解される。
本発明の有機EL素子は、基板に支持されていることが好ましい。この基板については、特に制限はなく、従来から有機EL素子に慣用されているものであればよく、例えば、ガラス、透明プラスチック、石英などからなるものを用いることができる。
有機EL素子における陽極としては、仕事関数の大きい(4eV以上)金属、合金、電気伝導性化合物及びこれらの混合物を電極物質とするものが好ましく用いられる。このような電極物質の具体例としてはAu等の金属、CuI、インジウムチンオキシド(ITO)、SnO2、ZnO等の導電性透明材料が挙げられる。また、IDIXO(In2O3−ZnO)等非晶質で透明導電膜を作製可能な材料を用いてもよい。陽極はこれらの電極物質を蒸着やスパッタリング等の方法により、薄膜を形成させ、フォトリソグラフィー法で所望の形状のパターンを形成してもよく、あるいはパターン精度をあまり必要としない場合は(100μm以上程度)、上記電極物質の蒸着やスパッタリング時に所望の形状のマスクを介してパターンを形成してもよい。あるいは、有機導電性化合物のように塗布可能な物質を用いる場合には、印刷方式、コーティング方式等湿式成膜法を用いることもできる。この陽極より発光を取り出す場合には、透過率を10%より大きくすることが望ましく、また陽極としてのシート抵抗は数百Ω/□以下が好ましい。更に膜厚は材料にもよるが、通常10〜1000nm、好ましくは10〜200nmの範囲で選ばれる。
一方、陰極としては、仕事関数の小さい(4eV以下)金属(電子注入性金属と称する)、合金、電気伝導性化合物及びこれらの混合物を電極物質とするものが用いられる。このような電極物質の具体例としては、ナトリウム、ナトリウム−カリウム合金、マグネシウム、リチウム、マグネシウム/銅混合物、マグネシウム/銀混合物、マグネシウム/アルミニウム混合物、マグネシウム/インジウム混合物、アルミニウム/酸化アルミニウム(Al2O3)混合物、インジウム、リチウム/アルミニウム混合物、希土類金属等が挙げられる。これらの中で、電子注入性及び酸化等に対する耐久性の点から、電子注入性金属とこれより仕事関数の値が大きく安定な金属である第二金属との混合物、例えば、マグネシウム/銀混合物、マグネシウム/アルミニウム混合物、マグネシウム/インジウム混合物、アルミニウム/酸化アルミニウム(Al2O3)混合物、リチウム/アルミニウム混合物、アルミニウム等が好適である。陰極はこれらの電極物質を蒸着やスパッタリング等の方法により薄膜を形成させることにより、作製することができる。また、陰極としてのシート抵抗は数百Ω/□以下が好ましく、膜厚は通常10nm〜5μm、好ましくは50〜200nmの範囲で選ばれる。なお、発光した光を透過させるため、有機EL素子の陽極又は陰極のいずれか一方が、透明又は半透明であれば発光輝度が向上し好都合である。
発光層は蛍光発光層、燐光発光層のいずれでも良いが、燐光発光層であることが好ましい。
注入層とは、駆動電圧低下や発光輝度向上のために電極と有機層間に設けられる層のことで、正孔注入層と電子注入層があり、陽極と発光層又は正孔輸送層の間、及び陰極と発光層又は電子輸送層との間に存在させてもよい。注入層は必要に応じて設けることができる。
正孔阻止層とは広い意味では電子輸送層の機能を有し、電子を輸送する機能を有しつつ正孔を輸送する能力が著しく小さい正孔阻止材料からなり、電子を輸送しつつ正孔を阻止することで電子と正孔の再結合確率を向上させることができる。
電子阻止層とは、正孔を輸送する機能を有しつつ電子を輸送する能力が著しく小さい材料から成り、正孔を輸送しつつ電子を阻止することで電子と正孔が再結合する確率を向上させることができる。
励起子阻止層とは、発光層内で正孔と電子が再結合することにより生じた励起子が電荷輸送層に拡散することを阻止するための層であり、本層の挿入により励起子を効率的に発光層内に閉じ込めることが可能となり、素子の発光効率を向上させることができる。励起子阻止層は発光層に隣接して陽極側、陰極側のいずれにも挿入することができ、両方同時に挿入することも可能である。
正孔輸送層とは正孔を輸送する機能を有する正孔輸送材料からなり、正孔輸送層は単層又は複数層設けることができる。
電子輸送層とは電子を輸送する機能を有する材料からなり、電子輸送層は単層又は複数層設けることができる。
化合物(1−1)の合成
APCI-TOFMS, m/z 257 [M+H]+
APCI-TOFMS, m/z 410 [M+H]+
1H-NMR(DMSO-d6) :8.39 (d, J=8.8Hz,1H), 8.25-8.27(m,1H) , 8.23(dd, J=4.6,1.5Hz,1H),7.63-7.79(m,9H), 7.54-7.59(m,1H), 7.31-7.41(m,3H), 7.24 (d, J=7.8Hz,1H), 6.84(dd, J=8.1,4.6Hz,1H), 5.92(dd, J=8.1,1.5Hz,1H)
APCI-TOFMS, m/z 622 [M+H]+
1H-NMR(DMSO-d6) :δ8.86(d, J=2.0Hz,1H), 8.67(d, J=2.2Hz,1H), 8.42-8.67(m,4H), 8.31(d, J=8.5Hz,1H), 8.29(d, J=8.1Hz,1H), 8.10-8.17(m,3H), 7.84(dd, J=8.3,2.2Hz,1H), 7.74(dd, J=8.3,2.2Hz,1H), 7.55-7.62(m,2H), 7.47-7.52(m,2H), 7.32-7.39(m,4H), 6.38 (dd, J=8.1,4.9Hz,1H), 5.94 (dd, J=8.1,1.4Hz,1H)
APCI-TOFMS, m/z 370 [M+H]+
1H-NMR(DMSO-d6) :δ8.86(dd, J=8.1,1.2Hz,1H), 8.50(dd, J=4.6,1.2Hz,1H), 8.36 (d, J=8.5Hz,1H), 8.18(d, J=7.6Hz,1H), 7.73(d, J=8.3Hz,1H), 7.57(d, J=8.5Hz,1H), 7.41(dd, J=7.1,1.2Hz,1H), 7.35(dd, J=8.0,4.6Hz,1H), 7.24 (t, J=7.0Hz,1H), 4.93 (t, J=7.3Hz,2H), 4.62 (t, J=7.3Hz,2H),1.80-1.94(m,4H), 1.33-1.41(m,4H), 0.91 (t, J=7.3Hz,3H), 0.84 (t, J=7.3Hz,3H)
膜厚110 nmのITOからなる陽極が形成されたガラス基板上に、ITO上にポリ(3,4−エチレンジオキシチオフェン)/ポリスチレンスルホン酸(PEDOT/PSS):(エイチ・シー・シュタルク株式会社製、商品名:クレビオスPCH8000)をスピンコート法により25 nmの厚さに形成した。次に、真空蒸着法にて、真空度4.0×10-5 Paで正孔輸送層として4,4'-ビス[N-(1-ナフチル)-N-フェニルアミノ]ビフェニル(NPB)を40 nmの厚さに形成した。次に、正孔輸送層上に、ホスト材料としての合成例1で得た化合物(1−1)と、燐光発光ドーパントとしてのトリス(2‐フェニルピリジン)イリジウム(III)(Ir(ppy)3)とを異なる蒸着源から、共蒸着し、40 nmの厚さに発光層を形成した。発光層中のIr(ppy)3の濃度は6.0 wt%であった。次に、電子輸送層としてトリス(8−ヒドロキシキノリナト)アルミニウム(III)(Alq3)を20 nmの厚さに形成した。更に、電子輸送層上に、電子注入層としてフッ化リチウム(LiF)を1.0 nmの厚さに形成した。最後に、電子注入層上に、電極としてアルミニウム(Al)を130 nmの厚さに形成し、有機EL素子を作製した。
発光層のホスト材料として、化合物(1−33)を用いた以外は実施例4と同様にして有機EL素子を作製した。
発光層のホスト材料として、化合物(1−46)を用いた以外は実施例4と同様にして有機EL素子を作製した。
膜厚110 nmのITOからなる陽極が形成されたガラス基板上に、ITO上にポリ(3,4−エチレンジオキシチオフェン)/ポリスチレンスルホン酸(PEDOT/PSS):(エイチ・シー・シュタルク株式会社製、商品名:クレビオスPCH8000)をスピンコート法により25 nmの厚さに形成した。次に、正孔輸送用材料(HTM)として化合物(1-1)をテトラヒドロフランに溶解して0.4wt%溶液に調製し、スピンコート法により厚さ20nmの正孔輸送層を製膜した。次に、真空蒸着法にて、真空度4.0×10-5Paでホスト材料として、4,4'-ビス(9-カルバゾリル)ビフェニル(CBP)と、燐光発光ドーパントとしてのIr(ppy)3とを異なる蒸着源から、共蒸着し、50 nmの厚さに発光層を形成した。発光層中のIr(ppy)3の濃度は10.0 wt%であった。次に、電子輸送層としてAlq3を30 nmの厚さに形成した。更に、電子輸送層上に、電子注入層としてLiFを0.5nmの厚さに形成した。最後に、電子注入層上に、電極としてAlを150 nmの厚さに形成し、有機EL素子を作製した。
正孔輸送用材料として、化合物(1−33)を用いた以外は実施例7と同様にして有機EL素子を作製した。
正孔輸送用材料として、化合物(1−46)を用いた以外は実施例7と同様にして有機EL素子を作製した。
正孔輸送層として化合物(H−1)を用いた以外は実施例7と同様にして有機EL素子を作製した。
APCI-TOFMS, m/z 235 [M+H]+
FD−MS, m/z 258 [M]
FD-MS, m/z 334 [M]
1H-NMR(DMSO-d6) :8.63 (d, J=8.8Hz,1H), 8.51-8.53(m,1H), 8.22 (d, J=8.0Hz,1H), 7.82(d,J=8.0Hz,1H), 7.48-7.80(m,6H), 7.20-7.45(m,4H)
APCI-TOFMS, m/z 251 [M+H]+
FD−MS, m/z 274 [M]
FD-MS, m/z 350 [M+H]+
1H-NMR(DMSO-d6) :8.53 (d, J=8.2Hz,1H), 8.47-8.50(m,1H), 8.16 (d, J=8.0Hz,1H), 7.84(d,J=8.0Hz,1H), 7.45-7.78(m,6H), 7.21-7.43(m,4H)
発光層のホスト材料として、化合物(2−1)を用いた以外は実施例4と同様にして有機EL素子を作製した。
発光層のホスト材料として、化合物(3−1)を用いた以外は実施例4と同様にして有機EL素子を作製した。
正孔輸送用材料として、化合物(2−1)を用いた以外は実施例7と同様にして有機EL素子を作製した。
正孔輸送用材料として、化合物(3−1)を用いた以外は実施例7と同様にして有機EL素子を作製した。
Claims (7)
- 一般式(2)で表される含窒素芳香族化合物。
- 一般式(2)において、Yの1つまたは2つがNであることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の含窒素芳香族化合物。
- 請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載の含窒素芳香族化合物を有機層中に含むことを特徴とする有機電界発光素子。
- 上記含窒素芳香族化合物を含む有機層が、発光層、正孔輸送層、電子輸送層及び正孔阻止層から選ばれる少なくとも一つの層である請求項4記載の有機発光素子。
- 上記含窒素芳香族化合物を含む有機層が、発光層または正孔輸送層であることを特徴とする請求項4記載の有機電界発光素子。
- 上記含窒素芳香族化合物を含む有機層が、基板上に積層された陽極と陰極の間に、発光層を有する有機電界発光素子の発光層であり、該発光層が燐光発光性ドーパントと上記含窒素芳香族化合物をホスト材料として含有する請求項4記載の有機電界発光素子。
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