WO2012035882A1 - コンパレータ及びそれを備えるad変換器 - Google Patents
コンパレータ及びそれを備えるad変換器 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012035882A1 WO2012035882A1 PCT/JP2011/066749 JP2011066749W WO2012035882A1 WO 2012035882 A1 WO2012035882 A1 WO 2012035882A1 JP 2011066749 W JP2011066749 W JP 2011066749W WO 2012035882 A1 WO2012035882 A1 WO 2012035882A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K5/00—Manipulating of pulses not covered by one of the other main groups of this subclass
- H03K5/22—Circuits having more than one input and one output for comparing pulses or pulse trains with each other according to input signal characteristics, e.g. slope, integral
- H03K5/24—Circuits having more than one input and one output for comparing pulses or pulse trains with each other according to input signal characteristics, e.g. slope, integral the characteristic being amplitude
- H03K5/2472—Circuits having more than one input and one output for comparing pulses or pulse trains with each other according to input signal characteristics, e.g. slope, integral the characteristic being amplitude using field effect transistors
- H03K5/2481—Circuits having more than one input and one output for comparing pulses or pulse trains with each other according to input signal characteristics, e.g. slope, integral the characteristic being amplitude using field effect transistors with at least one differential stage
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K5/00—Manipulating of pulses not covered by one of the other main groups of this subclass
- H03K5/22—Circuits having more than one input and one output for comparing pulses or pulse trains with each other according to input signal characteristics, e.g. slope, integral
- H03K5/24—Circuits having more than one input and one output for comparing pulses or pulse trains with each other according to input signal characteristics, e.g. slope, integral the characteristic being amplitude
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K5/00—Manipulating of pulses not covered by one of the other main groups of this subclass
- H03K5/22—Circuits having more than one input and one output for comparing pulses or pulse trains with each other according to input signal characteristics, e.g. slope, integral
- H03K5/24—Circuits having more than one input and one output for comparing pulses or pulse trains with each other according to input signal characteristics, e.g. slope, integral the characteristic being amplitude
- H03K5/2472—Circuits having more than one input and one output for comparing pulses or pulse trains with each other according to input signal characteristics, e.g. slope, integral the characteristic being amplitude using field effect transistors
- H03K5/249—Circuits having more than one input and one output for comparing pulses or pulse trains with each other according to input signal characteristics, e.g. slope, integral the characteristic being amplitude using field effect transistors using clock signals
Definitions
- the present invention provides a switch that is turned on / off in synchronization with a clock signal, a differential pair that performs a comparison operation in synchronization with the on / off of the switch, and a positive feedback unit that outputs a comparison result by the differential pair, And a AD converter including the comparator.
- FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of a conventional dynamic comparator 1.
- the dynamic comparator 1 includes two CMOS inverters IV1 and IV2 to which positive feedback is applied, a differential pair D1 for determining the magnitude of the input voltages IN + and IN ⁇ , and a switch for switching on / off the dynamic comparator 1 according to the clock signal CLK. M0.
- the first CMOS inverter IV1 includes a PMOS transistor M3 and an NMOS transistor M4, and the second CMOS inverter IV2 includes a PMOS transistor M5 and an NMOS transistor M6.
- the differential pair D1 includes an NMOS transistor M1 and an NMOS transistor M2.
- Patent Document 1 is known as a prior art document relating to a dynamic comparator.
- the power supply voltage is Vdd
- the threshold voltages of the PMOS transistors M3 and M5 are Vth_p
- the threshold voltages of the NMOS transistors M4 and M6 are Vth_n
- the power supply voltage Vdd operates as low as Vdd ⁇ Vth_p + Vth_n.
- the output is not switched even if positive feedback is applied, and the size determination cannot be performed normally.
- FIG. 2 shows a state where the input and output of the CMOS inverter are balanced.
- Veff_p represents the overdrive voltage of the PMOS transistor M3
- Veff_n represents the overdrive voltage of the NMOS transistor M4.
- Vdd the power supply voltage
- the PMOS transistor M3 is turned on by applying a drive voltage (Vth_p + Veff_p) between the gate and source of the PMOS transistor M3, and the drive voltage (Vth_n + Veff_n) is applied between the gate and source of the NMOS transistor M4.
- Vth_p + Veff_p the drive voltage
- Vth_n + Veff_n the drive voltage
- Is applied the NMOS transistor M4 is turned on.
- the power supply voltage Vdd becomes too low, the drive voltage that can turn on the transistors M3 and M4 is insufficient, so that the drain current Id cannot flow through the transistors M3 and M4. I can't.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a comparator that can operate normally even in a low power supply voltage state such as when Vdd ⁇ Vth_p + Vth_n, and an AD converter including the comparator.
- a comparator includes: A switch that is turned on / off in synchronization with the clock signal; A differential pair that performs a comparison operation in synchronization with on / off of the switch; A comparator having a positive feedback unit for outputting a comparison result by the differential pair,
- the positive feedback section is A first resistor inserted between the first PMOS transistor and the first NMOS transistor; and a second resistor inserted between the second PMOS transistor and the second NMOS transistor;
- the gate of the second PMOS transistor is connected to the low potential side of the first resistor, the gate of the second NMOS transistor is connected to the high potential side of the first resistor, and the second resistor
- the gate of the first PMOS transistor is connected to the low potential side, and the gate of the first NMOS transistor is connected to the high potential side of the second resistor.
- an AD converter according to the present invention includes a comparator according to the present invention.
- FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of a conventional dynamic comparator 1.
- FIG. The state where the input / output of the CMOS inverter is balanced is shown. It is the figure which showed the determination time in the case of a prior art.
- It is a block diagram of the dynamic comparator 2 which is the 1st Embodiment of this invention. It is the figure which showed the determination time at the time of applying this invention.
- It is a block diagram of the dynamic comparator 3 which is the 2nd Embodiment of this invention.
- 1 is a configuration diagram of a ⁇ AD converter that is an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. It is a block diagram of the dynamic comparator 5 which is the 4th Embodiment of this invention.
- a transistor whose gate is circled represents a P-channel MOS transistor, and a transistor whose gate is not circled represents an N-channel MOS transistor.
- FIG. 4 is a configuration diagram of the dynamic comparator 2 according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- the dynamic comparator 2 includes a transistor M0 that functions as a switch that is turned on / off in synchronization with the clock signal CLK, a differential pair D1 that performs a comparison operation in synchronization with the on / off of the transistor M0, and a comparison by the differential pair D1. It has a positive feedback part F1 for outputting the result, and is integrated in a semiconductor integrated circuit including a CMOS process.
- the transistor M0 is turned on when the clock signal CLK supplied to the gate is at a high level, and turned off when the clock signal CLK supplied to the gate is at a low level.
- the transistor M0 When the transistor M0 is on, the differential pair D1 can perform a comparison operation, and when the transistor M0 is off, the differential pair D1 cannot perform a comparison operation.
- the transistor M0 has a source connected to the ground and a drain connected to the source of the differential pair D1.
- the differential pair D1 is composed of a pair of transistors M1 and M2 whose sources are commonly connected at the node a.
- the input voltage IN + is supplied to the gate of the transistor M1
- the input voltage IN ⁇ is supplied to the gate of the transistor M2.
- the differential pair D1 compares the magnitude relationship between the input voltages IN + and IN ⁇ .
- the positive feedback section F1 includes transistors M3 and M4 that constitute the first CMOS inverter, a first resistor R1 inserted between the transistors M3 and M4, and transistors M5 and M6 that constitute the second CMOS inverter. And a second resistor R2 inserted between the transistors M5 and M6.
- the positive feedback part F1 is arranged between the power supply voltage Vdd and the drain of the differential pair D1.
- the sources of the transistors M3 and M5 are connected to the power supply voltage Vdd
- the source of the transistor M4 is connected to the drain of the transistor M1 at the node b
- the source of the transistor M6 is connected to the drain of the transistor M2 at the node c. .
- the gate of the transistor M5 is connected to the drain of the transistor M4 connected to the low potential side of the resistor R1.
- the gate of the transistor M6 is connected to the drain of the transistor M3 connected to the node d on the high potential side of the resistor R1.
- the gate of the transistor M2 is connected to the drain of the transistor M6 connected to the low potential side of the resistor R2.
- the gate of the transistor M4 is connected to the drain of the transistor M5 connected to the node e on the high potential side of the resistor R2.
- the output voltage OUT ⁇ is taken out from the connection point between the resistor R1 and the drain of the transistor M4, and the output voltage OUT + is taken out from the connection point between the resistor R2 and the drain of the transistor M6.
- the positive feedback portion F1 Since the positive feedback portion F1 has such a configuration, a sufficient voltage can be applied to each gate of the CMOS inverter even when the power supply voltage Vdd is in a low voltage state. Therefore, as shown in FIG. In comparison with this, it is possible to shorten the settling time of the output in the low voltage operation, and to determine the magnitude of the input voltages IN + and IN ⁇ within a desired time.
- the gate potential of the transistor M6 can be raised and the gate potential of the transistor M5 can be lowered by the voltage across the resistor R1 generated by the current flowing through the resistor R1.
- the gate potential of the transistor M4 can be raised and the gate potential of the transistor M3 can be lowered by the voltage across the resistor R2 generated by the current flowing through the resistor R2.
- the gate drive voltage applied between the gate and source of each of the transistors M3, M4, M5, and M6 can be increased, so that the positive feedback functions correctly even when the power supply voltage Vdd is in a low voltage state. Can do.
- FIG. 6 is a configuration diagram of the dynamic comparator 3 according to the second embodiment of the present invention. The description of the same configuration as in FIG. 4 is omitted.
- the resistor inserted between the PMOS transistor and NMOS transistor of the CMOS inverter may be a normal resistor as shown in FIG. 4, but the positive feedback section F2 of the dynamic comparator 3 in FIG.
- a configuration in which a PMOS transistor connected to (for example, ground) and an NMOS transistor whose gate is connected to a high potential (for example, power supply voltage Vdd) are combined in parallel is used as a resistor.
- a parallel transistor PT1 is composed of transistors M7 and M8, and the parallel transistor PT2 is composed of transistors M9 and M10.
- the parallel transistors PT1 and PT2 function as variable resistors having a high resistance value in a low power supply voltage state and a low resistance value in a high power supply voltage state. This is because if the power supply voltage Vdd is lowered to some extent, the gate-source voltage of the parallel transistors PT1 and PT2 cannot be sufficiently secured, the ON resistance of the parallel transistors PT1 and PT2 increases, and current flows in the parallel transistors PT1 and PT2. This is because it becomes difficult to flow.
- both ends of the resistors (that is, between the drain and source of the parallel transistors PT1 and PT2) are sufficient even in a low power supply voltage state where almost no current flows through the CMOS inverter. Therefore, the dynamic comparator 3 can operate normally when the power supply voltage Vdd is lower than in the case of FIG.
- the parallel transistor PT1 is replaced with a transistor M7 whose gate is connected to a high potential
- the parallel transistor PT2 is replaced with a transistor M9 whose gate is connected to a high potential.
- a configuration may be adopted (the transistors M8 and M10 are deleted).
- the parallel transistor PT1 is replaced with a transistor M8 whose gate is connected to a low potential
- the parallel transistor PT2 is replaced with a transistor M10 whose gate is connected to a low potential.
- a configuration may be adopted (the transistors M7 and M9 are deleted).
- FIG. 7 is a configuration diagram of the dynamic comparator 4 according to the third embodiment of the present invention. The description of the same configuration as that of the above-described embodiment is omitted.
- the dynamic comparator 4 has a configuration in which the CR filter FL1 is connected to the transistor M1, and the CR filter FL2 is connected to the gate of the transistor M2. By configuring such a CR filter, when the dynamic comparator 4 determines the size in synchronization with the input clock signal CLK (specifically, when the voltage level of the node a is inverted), the difference is obtained. Noise superimposed on the input voltages IN + and IN ⁇ through the gate capacitance of the moving pair D1 can be suppressed.
- the CR filter FL1 includes a resistor R3 connected in series to the gate of the transistor M1, and a capacitor C1 disposed between the gate of the transistor M1 and the ground.
- the CR filter FL2 includes a resistor R4 connected in series to the gate of the transistor M2 and a capacitor C2 disposed between the gate of the transistor M2 and the ground.
- a noise filter Specifically, by providing the CR filters FL1 and FL2), it is possible to suppress noise transmitted to the output of the integrator, so that it is possible to suppress a decrease in AD conversion accuracy. Further, even when noise is transmitted to the output of the integrator, it is possible to shorten the time until the operation of the operational amplifier A2 used in the integrator is restored to a normal operation.
- a noise filter at a location where the output fluctuates during sampling, such as a connection part between integrators.
- CR filters FL3 and FL4 are inserted between the operational amplifier A1 of the first-stage integrator and the sample-hold circuit SH2 of the second-stage integrator.
- the CR filter FL3 includes a resistor R5 arranged in series between the first output unit of the operational amplifier A1 and the first input unit of the sample hold circuit SH2, the first input unit of the sample hold circuit SH2, and the ground. And a capacitor C15 disposed between the two.
- the CR filter FL4 includes a resistor R6 arranged in series between the second output unit of the operational amplifier A1 and the second input unit of the sample hold circuit SH2, a second input unit of the sample hold circuit SH2, and the ground. And a capacitor C16 disposed between the two.
- the ⁇ AD converter 10 converts the analog differential input voltages Input + and Input ⁇ into high-level or low-level digital differential output signals Q and QX.
- the signal Q corresponds to the output voltage OUT + of the dynamic comparator
- the signal QX corresponds to the output voltage OUT ⁇ of the dynamic comparator.
- the sample and hold circuit SH1 samples and holds the differential input voltages Input + and Input ⁇ according to the differential output signals Q and QX, and supplies the sampled and held voltage to the first-stage integrator.
- the first-stage integrator includes a differential input differential output type operational amplifier A1 and capacitors C11 and C12 connected between differential input / output units of the operational amplifier A1.
- the output of the first-stage integrator is input to the sample and hold circuit SH2 via the CR filters FL3 and FL4.
- the sample and hold circuit SH2 samples and holds the output of the first-stage integrator input via the CR filters FL3 and FL4 in accordance with the differential output signals Q and QX, and the sample-and-hold voltage is used as the second-stage integrator. To supply.
- the second-stage integrator includes a differential input differential output type operational amplifier A2 and capacitors C13 and C14 connected between differential input / output units of the operational amplifier A2.
- the output of the second-stage integrator is input to the dynamic comparator via the CR filters FL1 and FL2.
- FIG. 9 is a configuration diagram of the dynamic comparator 5 according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention. The description of the same configuration as that of the above-described embodiment is omitted.
- the transistor M0 is eliminated and the reference electrode of the differential pair D1 receiving the differential input (in the case of FIG. 9, the source electrodes of the transistors M1 and M2) is a constant low potential with respect to the configuration of FIG. (For example, ground).
- the parallel transistors PT1 and PT2 for enabling the low-voltage operation of the dynamic comparator 5 receive the clock signals CLK and CLK_N whose levels are inverted with each other, so that the function of the variable resistance is the same as in the case of FIG.
- a function of switching whether to execute the comparison operation of the differential pair D1 is also provided.
- the common clock signal CLK is input to the gates of the NMOS transistors M7 and M9, and the common clock signal CLK_N is input to the gates of the PMOS transistors M8 and M10. .
- the transistors M7 and M8 are turned on at the same timing. The same applies to the transistors M9 and M10.
- the transistors M7 and M9 are turned on when the clock signal CLK is at a high level and turned off when the clock signal CLK is at a low level.
- the transistors M8 and M10 are turned off when the clock signal CLK_N is at a high level and turned on when the clock signal CLK_N is at a low level.
- the parallel transistors PT1 and PT2 are both turned off, so that the differential pair D1 cannot perform a comparison operation. Conversely, when the clock signal CLK is at a high level and the clock signal CLK_N is at a low level, the parallel transistors PT1 and PT2 are both turned on, so that the differential pair D1 can perform a comparison operation.
- the high level of the clock signals CLK and CLK_N may be set to the level of the power supply voltage Vdd, and the low level of the clock signals CLK and CLK_N may be set to the ground level.
- the on-resistances of the parallel transistors PT1 and PT2 increase as the power supply voltage Vdd decreases. Therefore, when the levels of the clock signals CLK and CLK_N enable the comparison operation of the differential pair D1, the gate potentials of the transistors M4 and M6 are raised by increasing the on-resistances of the parallel transistors PT1 and PT2, and the transistor M3 , M5 can be lowered. As a result, the gate drive voltage applied between the gate and source of each of the transistors M3, M4, M5, and M6 can be increased, so that the positive feedback functions correctly even when the power supply voltage Vdd is in a low voltage state. Can do.
- FIG. 9 illustrates the standby circuit SB1.
- the standby circuit SB1 includes NMOS transistors M11 and M12 to which a clock signal CLK_N is input to the gate.
- the sources of the transistors M11 and M12 are connected to the ground.
- the drain of the transistor M11 is connected to the gate of the transistor M5 (ie, the output point of the comparison result between the parallel transistor PT1 and the drain of the transistor M4).
- the drain of the transistor M12 is connected to the gate of the transistor M3 (that is, the output point of the comparison result between the parallel transistor PT2 and the drain of the transistor M6).
- the standby circuit SB1 does not affect the comparison operation of the differential pair D1 when the clock signal CLK_N is at a low level.
- the transistors M11 and M12 are turned on.
- the connection node between the parallel transistor PT1, the transistor M4, and the transistor M5 and the connection node between the parallel transistor PT2, the transistor M6, and the transistor M3 are both set to a low level (ground level).
- the transistors M11 and M12 are turned on, the transistors M3 and M5 are turned on. Therefore, the connection node d between the parallel transistor PT1, the transistor M3, and the transistor M6 and the connection node e between the parallel transistor PT2, the transistor M5, and the transistor M4 are both. Becomes high level (level of power supply voltage Vdd).
- each connection node can be initialized to a certain level.
- a dynamic comparator having a differential pair composed of a pair of NMOS transistors has been shown.
- the present invention also applies to a dynamic comparator having a differential pair composed of a pair of PMOS transistors. Can be applied.
- the present invention provides a switch element (typically, a short circuit between the drain and source of each transistor in each of the slung transistors (for example, M3, M4, M5, and M6 in the case of FIG. 4).
- the transistor can be applied to a configuration in which transistors are connected in parallel.
- ⁇ type AD converter is shown as an embodiment of the present invention, the present invention can also be applied to other types of AD converters such as a pipeline type, a successive approximation type, and a flash type.
Abstract
Description
クロック信号に同期してオン/オフするスイッチと、
前記スイッチのオン/オフに同期して比較動作を行う差動対と、
前記差動対による比較結果を出力する正帰還部とを有する、コンパレータであって、
前記正帰還部が、
第1のPMOSトランジスタと第1のNMOSトランジスタとの間に挿入された第1の抵抗と、第2のPMOSトランジスタと第2のNMOSトランジスタとの間に挿入された第2の抵抗とを備え、
前記第1の抵抗の低電位側に前記第2のPMOSトランジスタのゲートが接続され、前記第1の抵抗の高電位側に前記第2のNMOSトランジスタのゲートが接続され、前記第2の抵抗の低電位側に前記第1のPMOSトランジスタのゲートが接続され、前記第2の抵抗の高電位側に前記第1のNMOSトランジスタのゲートが接続されている、ことを特徴とするものである。
10 ΔΣ型AD変換器
A* オペアンプ
C* キャパシタ
D1 差動対
F* 正帰還部
FL* CRフィルタ
IV1,IV2 CMOSインバータ
M* MOSFET
PT1,PT2 並列トランジスタ
R* 抵抗
SB1 スタンバイ回路
SH* サンプルホールド回路
*は数字
Claims (7)
- クロック信号に同期してオン/オフするスイッチと、
前記スイッチのオン/オフに同期して比較動作を行う差動対と、
前記差動対による比較結果を出力する正帰還部とを有する、コンパレータであって、
前記正帰還部が、
第1のPMOSトランジスタと第1のNMOSトランジスタとの間に挿入された第1の抵抗と、第2のPMOSトランジスタと第2のNMOSトランジスタとの間に挿入された第2の抵抗とを備え、
前記第1の抵抗の低電位側に前記第2のPMOSトランジスタのゲートが接続され、前記第1の抵抗の高電位側に前記第2のNMOSトランジスタのゲートが接続され、前記第2の抵抗の低電位側に前記第1のPMOSトランジスタのゲートが接続され、前記第2の抵抗の高電位側に前記第1のNMOSトランジスタのゲートが接続されている、ことを特徴とする、コンパレータ。 - 前記第1の抵抗及び前記第2の抵抗の抵抗値が、前記正帰還部の電源電圧が低くなるにつれて高くなる、請求項1に記載のコンパレータ。
- 前記第1の抵抗及び前記第2の抵抗が、ゲートを低電位に接続したPMOSトランジスタ、ゲートを高電位に接続したNMOSトランジスタ又はそれらのトランジスタの並列構成である、請求項2に記載のコンパレータ。
- 前記スイッチは、前記第1の抵抗及び前記第2の抵抗であり、
前記第1の抵抗及び前記第2の抵抗は、第1のクロック信号がゲートに入力されるNMOSトランジスタと、前記第1のクロック信号に対してレベルが反転した第2のクロック信号がゲートに入力されるPMOSトランジスタとの並列構成を有し、
前記差動対の基準電極が定電位に固定された、請求項2に記載のコンパレータ。 - 前記第1のPMOSトランジスタ及び前記第2のPMOSトランジスタを、前記第2のクロック信号に応じて、オン/オフさせる回路を有する、請求項4に記載のコンパレータ。
- 前記第1のPMOSトランジスタ及び前記第1のNMOSトランジスタが、第1のCMOSインバータの構成素子であり、
前記第2のPMOSトランジスタ及び前記第2のNMOSトランジスタが、第2のCMOSインバータの構成素子である、請求項1に記載のコンパレータ。 - 請求項1に記載のコンパレータを備える、AD変換器。
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JP2012533909A JP5648690B2 (ja) | 2010-09-15 | 2011-07-22 | コンパレータ及びそれを備えるad変換器 |
CN201180043430.6A CN103098374B (zh) | 2010-09-15 | 2011-07-22 | 比较器以及具备该比较器的ad转换器 |
US13/811,955 US8884653B2 (en) | 2010-09-15 | 2011-07-22 | Comparator and ad converter provided therewith |
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JP2017112537A (ja) * | 2015-12-17 | 2017-06-22 | シナプティクス・ジャパン合同会社 | インバータ回路 |
TWI652904B (zh) | 2018-01-10 | 2019-03-01 | 威盛電子股份有限公司 | 高速內遲滯型比較器 |
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JP2016058775A (ja) * | 2014-09-05 | 2016-04-21 | 国立大学法人山梨大学 | 1ビットad変換器、それを用いた受信機及び無線通信システム |
JP2019198046A (ja) * | 2018-05-11 | 2019-11-14 | オムロン株式会社 | 信号処理回路 |
JP7238269B2 (ja) | 2018-05-11 | 2023-03-14 | オムロン株式会社 | 信号処理回路 |
US10998895B2 (en) | 2019-09-09 | 2021-05-04 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Electronic circuit |
US11698400B2 (en) | 2019-09-09 | 2023-07-11 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Electronic circuit |
CN112350696A (zh) * | 2020-10-23 | 2021-02-09 | 广东工业大学 | 一种双反馈回路比较器 |
CN112350696B (zh) * | 2020-10-23 | 2023-01-20 | 广东工业大学 | 一种双反馈回路比较器 |
CN115296672A (zh) * | 2022-08-05 | 2022-11-04 | 珠海城市职业技术学院 | 一种基于单极性晶体管的σδ调制器 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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JPWO2012035882A1 (ja) | 2014-02-03 |
CN103098374A (zh) | 2013-05-08 |
CN103098374B (zh) | 2016-01-20 |
US20130120025A1 (en) | 2013-05-16 |
JP5648690B2 (ja) | 2015-01-07 |
US8884653B2 (en) | 2014-11-11 |
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