WO2012024855A1 - 一种电子膨胀阀、步进电机及换向阀 - Google Patents

一种电子膨胀阀、步进电机及换向阀 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012024855A1
WO2012024855A1 PCT/CN2010/078061 CN2010078061W WO2012024855A1 WO 2012024855 A1 WO2012024855 A1 WO 2012024855A1 CN 2010078061 W CN2010078061 W CN 2010078061W WO 2012024855 A1 WO2012024855 A1 WO 2012024855A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
stepping motor
signal
module
central processing
processing module
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PCT/CN2010/078061
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
席卫东
王晖
王国军
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杭州三花研究院有限公司
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Publication of WO2012024855A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012024855A1/zh

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B19/00—Programme-control systems
    • G05B19/02—Programme-control systems electric
    • G05B19/18—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form
    • G05B19/19—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form characterised by positioning or contouring control systems, e.g. to control position from one programmed point to another or to control movement along a programmed continuous path
    • G05B19/40—Open loop systems, e.g. using stepping motor

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of electronic expansion valves, in particular to an electronic expansion valve, a stepping motor and a reversing valve.
  • stepper motor type electronic expansion valves are generally used.
  • the electronic expansion valve generally includes a stepping motor and a valve body, and the opening of the valve body is controlled by the rotation of the stepping motor.
  • the driving circuit of the stepping motor is generally integrated on the main control board, and is connected to the stepping motor through the driving line.
  • the main control board needs to drive the electronic expansion valve, the corresponding pulse control signal is sent to the driving circuit, thereby driving the stepping motor to rotate, so that the valve body reaches the corresponding opening degree.
  • thermal expansion valves are commonly used.
  • the TXV senses the pressure temperature of the refrigerant at the outlet of the evaporator by the temperature sensing bag or the air box head, and adjusts the opening of the valve body through the valve head and the transmission mechanism with special thermodynamic properties, thereby controlling the flow rate of the refrigerant entering the evaporator. Therefore, there is no sensing or control electronic circuit between the air conditioning main control board and the thermal expansion valve.
  • the control characteristics of the thermal expansion valve are determined by its own mechanical structure and thermodynamic performance. The dynamic characteristics of each product are fixed. The valve opening performance cannot be adjusted according to the difference of parameters of different air conditioning systems, and the versatility is poor. With the electronic expansion valve, different valve opening characteristics can be designed according to the characteristics of different air conditioning systems, and the product has wider applicability.
  • an object of the present invention is to provide an electronic expansion valve, a stepping motor, and a reversing valve, which can reduce the number of driving lines directly connected to the main control board, thereby simplifying the structure of the main control board and saving manufacturing costs.
  • the invention provides an electronic expansion valve comprising an electronic control part and a mechanical part;
  • the mechanical part comprises a stepping motor and a valve body;
  • the electronic control part comprises a bus signal receiving/transmitting module, a central processing module, a data storage module, Stepper motor drive module;
  • the bus signal receiving/transmitting module is configured to receive a bus control signal and send the signal to a central processing module;
  • the central processing module is configured to extract valve body opening degree information included in the bus control signal, and combine current position information of the stepping motor read from the data storage module to generate a corresponding pulse control signal, and output the Stepper motor drive module;
  • the data storage module is configured to store current position information of the stepping motor
  • the stepping motor driving module is configured to drive the stepping motor to adjust an opening degree of the valve body according to the pulse control signal.
  • the central processing module includes:
  • a signal extraction unit configured to extract valve body opening degree information included in the received bus control signal, to obtain a desired opening degree of the valve body
  • a signal conversion unit configured to convert the opening degree of the desired valve body into desired position information of the stepping motor
  • a rotation angle calculation unit configured to calculate, according to the position information of the stepping motor, the positional information of the current stepping motor read from the data storage module, to calculate the rotation of the stepping motor from the current position to the desired position Angle of rotation
  • the pulse generating unit is configured to generate a corresponding pulse control signal according to the angle that the stepping motor needs to rotate, and send the signal to the stepping motor driving module.
  • the electronic control part further comprises a stepping motor monitoring module for monitoring whether an induced electromotive force on the stepping motor coil is abnormal, and if so, sending an abnormal signal to the central processing module.
  • the central processing module calculates current position information of the stepping motor according to the received induced electromotive force abnormality signal, and stores the information in the data storage module.
  • the central processing module further includes an out-of-synchronization determining unit, configured to determine that the stepping motor is out of synchronization after receiving the abnormal signal, and send an out-of-synchronization signal to the data storage module.
  • an out-of-synchronization determining unit configured to determine that the stepping motor is out of synchronization after receiving the abnormal signal, and send an out-of-synchronization signal to the data storage module.
  • the central processing module may further include an out-of-step compensation unit configured to perform out-of-step compensation on the stepping motor according to the out-of-step signal stored by the data storage module.
  • an out-of-step compensation unit configured to perform out-of-step compensation on the stepping motor according to the out-of-step signal stored by the data storage module.
  • the electronic control portion further includes a temperature detecting module for detecting an operating temperature of the valve body of the electronic expansion valve, and feeding the detected temperature to the central processing module.
  • the central processing module further includes a temperature determining unit, configured to determine whether the detected temperature is in a normal temperature range when the detected temperature is received, and if yes, convert the detected temperature into a bus signal and return to the main a controller; if not, transmitting a corresponding control signal to the stepping motor driving circuit, controlling the stepping motor to rotate to the valve body at a safe opening degree, and converting the detected temperature and the information that the valve body has been in a safe opening degree Return to the main controller for the bus signal.
  • a temperature determining unit configured to determine whether the detected temperature is in a normal temperature range when the detected temperature is received, and if yes, convert the detected temperature into a bus signal and return to the main a controller; if not, transmitting a corresponding control signal to the stepping motor driving circuit, controlling the stepping motor to rotate to the valve body at a safe opening degree, and converting the detected temperature and the information that the valve body has been in a safe opening degree Return to the main controller for the bus signal.
  • the central processing module further includes an automatic homing unit, configured to send a corresponding control signal to the stepping motor driving circuit to control the stepping motor when the monitoring signal of the autonomous controller is not received within the preset time period.
  • an automatic homing unit configured to send a corresponding control signal to the stepping motor driving circuit to control the stepping motor when the monitoring signal of the autonomous controller is not received within the preset time period. Turn to the valve body at a safe opening. Drive mode.
  • the present invention also provides a stepping motor for an electronic expansion valve, including a coil winding and a rotor, and a circuit board;
  • the circuit board includes a bus signal receiving/transmitting module, a central processing module, and a data storage module;
  • the bus signal receiving/transmitting module is configured to receive a bus control signal and send the signal to the central processing module;
  • the central processing module is configured to extract valve body opening degree information included in the bus control signal, and combine current position information of the stepping motor read from the data storage module to generate a corresponding pulse control signal, and output the Coil winding
  • the data storage module is configured to store current position information of the stepping motor.
  • the circuit board further includes a stepping motor monitoring module for monitoring whether an induced electromotive force on the coil winding of the stepping motor is abnormal, and if so, sending an abnormal signal to the central processing module Piece.
  • a stepping motor monitoring module for monitoring whether an induced electromotive force on the coil winding of the stepping motor is abnormal, and if so, sending an abnormal signal to the central processing module Piece.
  • the central processing module further includes an out-of-synchronization determining unit, configured to determine that the stepping motor is out of synchronization after receiving the abnormal signal, and send an out-of-synchronization signal to the data storage module.
  • an out-of-synchronization determining unit configured to determine that the stepping motor is out of synchronization after receiving the abnormal signal, and send an out-of-synchronization signal to the data storage module.
  • the central processing module may further include an out-of-step compensation unit configured to perform out-of-step compensation on the stepping motor according to the out-of-step signal stored by the data storage module.
  • an out-of-step compensation unit configured to perform out-of-step compensation on the stepping motor according to the out-of-step signal stored by the data storage module.
  • the circuit board further includes a temperature detecting module for detecting an operating temperature of the stepping motor and feeding back the detected temperature to the central processing module.
  • the central processing module further includes an automatic homing unit, configured to send a corresponding control signal to the coil winding when the monitoring signal of the autonomous controller is not received within a preset time period, and control the rotation of the stepping motor.
  • an automatic homing unit configured to send a corresponding control signal to the coil winding when the monitoring signal of the autonomous controller is not received within a preset time period, and control the rotation of the stepping motor. To a safe opening.
  • the invention also provides a reversing valve comprising an electric control part and a mechanical part;
  • the mechanical part comprises a stepping motor and a valve body;
  • the electronic control part comprises a bus signal receiving/transmitting module, a central processing module, a data storage module , stepper motor drive module;
  • the bus signal receiving/transmitting module is configured to receive a bus control signal and send the signal to a central processing module;
  • the central processing module is configured to extract valve body opening degree information included in the bus control signal, and combine current position information of the stepping motor read from the data storage module to generate a corresponding pulse control signal, and output to the stepping Motor drive module;
  • the data storage module is configured to store current position information of the stepping motor
  • the stepping motor driving module is configured to drive the stepping motor to adjust the opening degree of the valve body according to the pulse control signal
  • the present invention discloses the following technical effects:
  • the electronic expansion valve can be directly connected to the main controller through the control bus, and receives the bus control signal sent by the main controller.
  • the main controller can control the electronic expansion valve through the control bus to meet the working environment of the bus control. Furthermore, it is no longer necessary to add an additional drive line to the main controller to realize the connection between the main controller and the electronic expansion valve, thereby reducing the number of drive lines directly connected to the main control board, thereby simplifying the structure of the main control board and saving manufacturing costs.
  • FIG. 1 is a structural view of an electronic expansion valve according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention
  • 2 is a schematic diagram showing the operation of an electronic expansion valve according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a structural diagram of a central processing module according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a structural diagram of an electronic expansion valve according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • an object of the present invention is to provide an electronic expansion valve, a stepping motor, and a reversing valve, which can reduce the number of driving lines directly connected to the main control board, thereby simplifying the structure of the main control board and saving manufacturing costs.
  • Automotive bus technology is a technique in which the internal wires of a car are controlled by a bus. Specifically, it refers to various internal ECUs (Electronic Control Units, electronic control units) through a communication protocol such as a high-speed bus CAN (Controller Area Network) or an IN (Local Interconnect Network).
  • ECUs Electronic Control Units, electronic control units
  • the nodes are connected to form a local area network inside the car. Each ECU node completes predetermined control functions and actions based on control information received from the bus.
  • the electronic expansion valve according to the embodiment of the invention can be directly connected to the main controller through the control bus, and receives the bus control signal sent by the main controller.
  • the main controller can control the electronic expansion valve by controlling the bus to meet the working environment of the bus control. Furthermore, it is no longer necessary to add an additional drive line to the main controller to realize the connection between the main controller and the electronic expansion valve, thereby reducing the number of drive lines directly connected to the main control board, thereby simplifying the structure of the main control board and saving manufacturing costs.
  • the electronic expansion valve 1 includes: an electric control portion 10 and a mechanical portion 20.
  • the mechanical portion 20 includes a stepping motor 21 and a valve body 22.
  • the electronic control unit 10 includes: a bus signal receiving/transmitting module 11, a central processing module 12, a stepping motor driving module 13, and a data storage module 15.
  • the bus signal receiving/transmitting module 11 is connected to the bus interface of the main controller 2 for receiving a bus control signal from the main controller 2 and transmitting it to the central processing module 12, and returning the bus signal received from the central processing module 12 To the main controller 2.
  • the electronic expansion valve 1 realizes connection with the main controller 2 through a control bus.
  • the bus control signal is based on a bus communication protocol; the control bus may be a CAN bus or a LIN bus, or may be other control buses such as TTP, J1850, MOST, and IDB.
  • the bus signal receiving/transmitting module 11 can identify the control signal transmitted on the control bus.
  • the receiving side of the confirmation control signal is the electronic expansion valve 1
  • the bus signal receiving/transmitting module 11 receives the control. The signal is forwarded to the central processing module 12.
  • the bus control signal is a signal sent by the main controller 2 for controlling the opening degree of the valve body 22 of the electronic expansion valve 1, and includes the address information of the electronic expansion valve 1 and the valve body opening degree. information.
  • the bus signal receiving/transmitting module 11 confirms whether or not the receiver of the control signal is the electronic expansion valve 1 based on the address information in the bus control signal.
  • the central processing module 12 is configured to extract valve body opening degree information included in the bus control signal, and generate corresponding pulse control signals according to current stepping motor position information read from the data storage module 15 to output To the stepper motor drive module 13.
  • the central processing module 12 extracts the valve body opening degree information from the bus control signal, and obtains a desired valve body opening degree, which is converted into a desired position that the stepping motor needs to rotate, and is combined with the data storage.
  • the current position information of the stepping motor read in the module 15 is calculated as an angle at which the stepping motor needs to rotate from the current position to the desired position, and accordingly, a corresponding pulse control signal is generated and sent to the stepping motor driving module 13 .
  • the data storage module 15 is for storing current position information of the stepping motor 21.
  • the stepping motor driving module 13 is configured to drive the stepping motor according to the pulse control signal
  • the electronic expansion valve 1 of the embodiment of the present invention is connected to the control bus of the main controller 2 via the bus signal receiving/transmitting module 11, and receives the bus control signal sent by the main controller 2, and the central processing module 12 extracts the The valve body opening degree information included in the bus control signal is converted into a pulse control signal, and the stepping motor driving module 13 drives the stepping motor 21 to adjust the opening degree of the valve body 22.
  • the main controller 2 can control the electronic expansion valve 1 through the control bus, so that the electronic expansion valve 1 of the present invention can satisfy the bus-controlled working environment.
  • the central processing module 12 may include: a signal extraction unit 121, a signal conversion unit 122. A rotation angle calculation unit 123 and a pulse generation unit 124.
  • the signal extracting unit 121 is configured to extract the valve body opening degree information included in the received bus control signal to obtain a desired opening degree of the valve body 22.
  • valve body opening degree information included in the bus control signal is used to indicate that the main controller 2 expects the valve body 22 of the electronic expansion valve 1 to reach the opening degree.
  • the signal conversion unit 122 is configured to convert the opening degree of the desired valve body 22 into an angle to which the stepping motor 21 needs to be rotated, that is, desired position information of the stepping motor 21.
  • the opening degree of the valve body 22 is controlled by the rotation of the stepping motor 21.
  • the opening degree of the valve body 22 and the rotation of the stepping motor 21 The correspondence between the angles is determined. Therefore, the desired position information of the stepping motor 21 can be easily obtained according to the opening degree of the valve body 22.
  • the central processing module 12 can also convert the desired opening degree of the valve body 22 into the number of steps that the stepping motor 21 needs to rotate.
  • the rotation angle calculating unit 123 is configured to calculate the stepping motor 21 from the current position to the position information of the current stepping motor 21 read from the data storage module 15 according to the desired position information of the stepping motor 21 The desired position requires an angle of rotation.
  • the pulse generating unit 124 is configured to generate a corresponding pulse control signal according to an angle that the stepping motor 21 needs to rotate, and send the signal to the stepping motor driving module 13.
  • the electronic control unit 10 further includes: the stepping motor monitoring module 14 configured to monitor whether an induced electromotive force on the coil of the stepping motor 21 is abnormal, and if so, send an abnormal signal to the central processing module 12 .
  • the stepping motor monitoring module 14 configured to monitor whether an induced electromotive force on the coil of the stepping motor 21 is abnormal, and if so, send an abnormal signal to the central processing module 12 .
  • the central processing module 12 can calculate the current position information of the stepping motor 21 according to the received induced electromotive force abnormality signal from the stepping motor monitoring module 14, and store it in the data storage module 15.
  • the data storage module 15 includes not only the current position information of the stepping motor, but also the desired position information of the stepping motor, the current required amount of rotation, and the current actual amount of rotation.
  • the desired position information is obtained by the signal conversion unit 122 according to the opening degree of the desired valve body 22 included in the bus control signal.
  • the amount of rotation required at the current time is the angle at which the stepping motor 21 calculated by the rotation angle calculating unit 123 needs to rotate from the current position to the desired position.
  • the current actual amount of rotation is the angle at which the stepping motor 21 is actually rotated. After the stepping motor 21 completes the rotation, the induced electromotive force of the abnormality may be combined according to the current required amount of rotation. Calculated.
  • the current position of the stepping motor can be calculated according to the position before the current rotation of the stepping motor and the actual amount of rotation of the current time.
  • the current position of the stepping motor can be obtained by the data storage module 15 before the rotation starts, and the current position is the position before the current rotation of the stepping motor; After the current rotation, the current position of the stepping motor can be calculated by combining the current actual rotation amount of the stepping motor. This current position refers to the position after the current rotation of the stepping motor is completed.
  • the driving signal i.e., the pulse control signal
  • the induced electromotive force on a coil of the corresponding stepping motor 21 may be abnormal. From this, it can be judged that the stepping motor 21 is not normally rotated, and the step-out phenomenon has occurred.
  • the central processing module 12 further includes: an out-of-step determining unit, configured to: after receiving the abnormal signal sent by the stepping motor monitoring module 14, determine that the stepping motor 21 is out of synchronization, and send an out-of-step signal. To the data storage module 15.
  • the out-of-synchronization determining unit When the out-of-synchronization determining unit receives a signal that the induced electromotive force on the coil of the stepping motor 21 is abnormal, it can be judged that the stepping motor 21 is not normally rotated, and an out-of-step phenomenon occurs.
  • the central processing module 12 may further include: an out-of-step compensation unit, configured to perform out-of-synchronization compensation on the stepping motor 21 according to the out-of-step signal stored by the data storage module 15.
  • an out-of-step compensation unit configured to perform out-of-synchronization compensation on the stepping motor 21 according to the out-of-step signal stored by the data storage module 15.
  • the out-of-step compensation of the stepping motor 21 by the out-of-step compensation unit can be implemented in two ways. The following two methods of compensation are described separately.
  • the first compensation mode is: the out-of-step compensation unit is configured to perform the out-of-step compensation on the stepping motor 21 immediately after the data storage module 15 receives the out-of-synchronization signal. That is, as long as the data storage module 15 receives an out-of-synchronization signal, the out-of-step compensation unit immediately compensates the out-of-synchronization signal for the out-of-synchronization signal, and retransmits the pulse control signal corresponding to the out-of-step step, and drives The stepping motor 21 rotates.
  • the second compensation mode the out-of-step compensation unit accumulates the out-of-step signal received by the data storage module 15 , and the angle at which the stepping motor 21 actually rotates after the stepping motor 21 completes the current rotation. Comparing with the current need to rotate the angle, calculating the angle to be compensated, generating a corresponding pulse control signal, and sending it to the stepping motor driving module 13 to drive the stepping motor 21 to rotate.
  • the angle of the current actual rotation of the stepping motor 21 can be directly calculated according to the accumulated value of the out-of-step signal. Specifically, the received out-of-step signal is accumulated to obtain an integrated value of the out-of-step signal; and the integrated value of the out-of-step signal is compared with a pulse control signal corresponding to the current required rotation angle of the stepping motor 21, that is, The pulse signal value that actually drives the stepping motor 21 to rotate normally can be obtained, and the principle of the stepping motor 21 can be used to convert the angle at which the stepping motor 21 actually rotates.
  • the out-of-step compensation unit may directly accumulate the out-of-step signal received by the data storage module 15, and after the stepping motor 21 completes the rotation, convert the accumulated accumulated value of the out-of-step signal into a required value.
  • the angle of compensation generates a corresponding pulse control signal, which is sent to the stepping motor drive module 13 to drive the stepping motor 21 to rotate.
  • the central processing module 12 may further include a compensation checking unit, configured to determine that the stepping motor 21 occurs again during the compensation process when the out-of-synchronization signal sent by the out-of-synchronization determining unit is received again after the compensation is completed. Out of step, you need to compensate for it again.
  • a compensation checking unit configured to determine that the stepping motor 21 occurs again during the compensation process when the out-of-synchronization signal sent by the out-of-synchronization determining unit is received again after the compensation is completed. Out of step, you need to compensate for it again.
  • the compensation check unit may further set a maximum compensation number when the step is When the out-of-step compensation of the motor 21 exceeds the maximum number of compensations, the compensation is stopped, and an error signal based on the bus communication protocol is generated, and is transmitted to the main controller 2 via the bus signal receiving/transmitting module 11.
  • out-of-step determination unit and the out-of-step compensation unit it is possible to solve the problem that the error of the opening degree of the valve body 22 due to the step-out of the electronic expansion valve 1 during operation is large or even erroneous.
  • FIG. 4 is a structural diagram of an electronic expansion valve according to a second embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 4, the electronic expansion valve provided in the second embodiment of the present invention is different from the first embodiment in that the electronic control unit 1 of the electronic expansion valve 1 further includes: a temperature detecting module 16.
  • the temperature detecting module 16 is configured to detect an operating temperature of the valve body 22 of the electronic expansion valve 1 and feed back the detected temperature to the central processing module 12.
  • the central processing module 12 further includes a temperature determining unit, configured to determine whether the detected temperature is in a normal temperature range when the detected temperature is received, and if yes, convert the detected temperature into a bus signal and return to The main controller 2; if not, sends a corresponding control signal to the stepping motor driving module 13, controls the stepping motor 21 to rotate to the valve body 22 at a safe opening degree, and the detected temperature and the valve body are already in safety The information of the opening degree is converted into a bus signal and returned to the main controller 2.
  • a temperature determining unit configured to determine whether the detected temperature is in a normal temperature range when the detected temperature is received, and if yes, convert the detected temperature into a bus signal and return to The main controller 2; if not, sends a corresponding control signal to the stepping motor driving module 13, controls the stepping motor 21 to rotate to the valve body 22 at a safe opening degree, and the detected temperature and the valve body are already in safety The information of the opening degree is converted into a bus signal and returned to the main controller 2.
  • the sending the corresponding control signal to the stepping motor driving module 13 is specifically: converting the safety opening degree of the preset valve body 22 into a safety angle of the stepping motor 21, and combining the data from the data storage module 15
  • the position information of the current stepping motor is read, and the angle at which the stepping motor 21 rotates from the current position to the safety angle is calculated, and accordingly, a corresponding pulse control signal is generated and sent to the stepping motor driving module 13.
  • the central processing module 12 may further include: an automatic homing unit.
  • the main controller 2 and the electronic expansion valve 1 communicate with each other by monitoring signals.
  • the electronic expansion valve 1 does not receive the monitoring signal from the autonomous controller 2 for a period of time, it may be initially determined that the main controller 2 is abnormal in operation, and the automatic homing unit of the central processing module 12 may implement automatic control.
  • the stepping motor drive module 13 drives the stepping motor 21 to rotate to a safe position, thereby causing the valve body 22 of the electronic expansion valve 1 to be in a safe opening degree.
  • the automatic homing unit is configured to send a corresponding control signal to the stepping motor driving module 13 when the monitoring signal of the autonomous controller 2 is not received within a preset time period, and control the stepping motor 21 to rotate to the valve.
  • Body 22 is in a safe opening.
  • the sending the corresponding control signal to the stepping motor driving module 13 is specifically: converting the safety opening degree of the preset valve body 22 into a safety angle of the stepping motor 21, and combining the data from the data storage module 15
  • the current position information of the stepping motor is read, and the angle at which the stepping motor 21 rotates from the current position to the safety angle is calculated, and accordingly, a corresponding pulse control signal is generated and sent to the stepping motor driving module 13.
  • the electronic expansion valve 1 may be driven by a unipolar stepping motor or by a bipolar stepping motor.
  • the difference is only that when the unipolar stepping motor driving mode is adopted, the stepping motor 21 and the stepping motor driving module 13 adopt a four-phase six-wire connection method; when the bipolar stepping motor is used In the mode, a two-phase four-wire connection method is adopted between the stepping motor 21 and the stepping motor drive circuit 13.
  • the bipolar stepping motor driving method Compared with the unipolar stepping motor driving method, the bipolar stepping motor driving method has a stronger driving force in the case where the coil copper wire diameter is the same, and the motor rotation is more stable, and the driving is greatly reduced.
  • the driving of the stepping motor can adopt a subdivision function to implement subdivision control of the stepping motor.
  • the subdivision control is implemented by controlling current in the excitation winding of the stepping motor.
  • the stepping motor monitoring module 14 is advantageously monitored for the induced electromotive force of the stepping motor.
  • the embodiment of the invention further provides a stepping motor for controlling an electronic expansion valve, the stepping motor comprising a coil winding and a rotor, and a circuit board.
  • the circuit board includes: a bus signal receiving/transmitting module, a central processing module, and a data storage module.
  • the bus signal receiving/transmitting module is connected to a bus interface of the main controller for receiving a bus control signal from the main controller and transmitting it to the central processing module, and returning the bus signal received from the central processing module to the main controller.
  • the central processing module is configured to extract valve body opening degree information included in the bus control signal, and combine the current stepping motor position information read from the data storage module to generate a corresponding pulse control signal, and output the corresponding pulse control signal to The coil winding of the stepper motor.
  • the data storage module is configured to store current position information of the stepping motor.
  • the stepping motor according to the embodiment of the present invention is connected to the control bus of the main controller by receiving the bus signal receiving/transmitting module, receiving the bus control signal sent by the main controller, and extracting the bus control signal through the central processing module.
  • the included valve body opening information is converted into a pulse control signal, and the drive module sent to the stepping motor drives the stepping motor.
  • the main controller can control the stepping motor through the control bus, so that the stepping motor of the invention can satisfy the working environment of the bus control.
  • the central processing module may include: a signal extraction unit, a signal conversion unit, a rotation angle calculation unit, and a pulse generation unit.
  • the signal extraction unit is configured to extract the valve body opening degree information included in the received bus control signal to obtain a desired opening degree of the valve body.
  • a signal conversion unit configured to convert the opening degree of the desired valve body into an angle to which the stepping motor needs to be rotated, that is, desired position information of the stepping motor.
  • a rotation angle calculation unit configured to calculate, according to the position information of the stepping motor, the positional information of the current stepping motor read from the data storage module, to calculate the rotation of the stepping motor from the current position to the desired position The angle of rotation.
  • a pulse generating unit configured to generate a corresponding pulse control signal according to an angle at which the stepping motor needs to rotate, and send the signal to the coil winding of the stepping motor.
  • the circuit board further comprises: a stepping motor monitoring module, configured to monitor whether an induced electromotive force on the coil winding of the stepping motor is abnormal, and if so, send an abnormal signal to the central processing module.
  • a stepping motor monitoring module configured to monitor whether an induced electromotive force on the coil winding of the stepping motor is abnormal, and if so, send an abnormal signal to the central processing module.
  • the central processing module may calculate the current position information of the stepping motor according to the received electromotive force abnormality signal from the stepping motor monitoring module, and store the position information in the data storage module.
  • the data storage module includes not only the current position information of the stepping motor, but also the desired position information of the stepping motor, the current required amount of rotation, and the current actual amount of rotation.
  • the central processing module further includes: an out-of-step determining unit, configured to: after receiving the abnormal signal sent by the stepping motor monitoring module, determine that the stepping motor is out of synchronization, and send an out-of-synchronization signal to the Data storage module.
  • the central processing module may further include: an out-of-step compensation unit, configured to perform out-of-step compensation on the stepping motor according to the out-of-step signal stored by the data storage module.
  • the central processing module may further include a compensation checking unit, configured to determine that the stepping motor is out of synchronization again during the compensation process when the out-of-synchronization signal sent by the out-of-synchronization determining unit is received again after the compensation is completed. , need to compensate for it again.
  • a compensation checking unit configured to determine that the stepping motor is out of synchronization again during the compensation process when the out-of-synchronization signal sent by the out-of-synchronization determining unit is received again after the compensation is completed. , need to compensate for it again.
  • the compensation checking unit may further set a maximum number of compensations. When the out-of-step compensation of the stepping motor exceeds the maximum number of compensations, the compensation is stopped, and an error signal based on the bus communication protocol is generated. The bus signal receiving/transmitting module is sent to the main controller.
  • the circuit board further includes a temperature detecting module for detecting an operating temperature of the valve body of the electronic expansion valve controlled by the stepping motor, and feeding the detected temperature to the central processing module.
  • a temperature detecting module for detecting an operating temperature of the valve body of the electronic expansion valve controlled by the stepping motor, and feeding the detected temperature to the central processing module.
  • the central processing module further includes a temperature determining unit, configured to determine whether the detected temperature is in a normal temperature range when the detected temperature is received, and if yes, convert the detected temperature into a bus signal and return to the main The controller; if not, sends the corresponding control signal to the drive temperature of the stepper motor and the information that the valve body is already at the safe opening level is converted into a bus signal and returned to the main controller.
  • a temperature determining unit configured to determine whether the detected temperature is in a normal temperature range when the detected temperature is received, and if yes, convert the detected temperature into a bus signal and return to the main The controller; if not, sends the corresponding control signal to the drive temperature of the stepper motor and the information that the valve body is already at the safe opening level is converted into a bus signal and returned to the main controller.
  • the central processing module may further include an automatic homing unit, configured to send a corresponding control signal to the stepping motor drive when the monitoring signal from the autonomous controller is not received within the preset time period.
  • an automatic homing unit configured to send a corresponding control signal to the stepping motor drive when the monitoring signal from the autonomous controller is not received within the preset time period.
  • automotive air conditioners generally only have a cooling function, but heat pump air conditioners that have both cooling and heating functions are the future development direction of automotive air conditioners.
  • the four-way reversing valve is a necessary component of the heat pump air conditioner for changing the flow direction of the refrigerant gas in the air conditioning system to change the functions of the heat exchanger (evaporator and condenser), thereby realizing the air conditioning and cooling and heating. .
  • an embodiment of the present invention further provides a four-way reversing valve, the four-way reversing valve comprising: an electric control part and a mechanical part.
  • the mechanical part comprises a stepping motor and a valve body.
  • the electronic control part comprises: a bus signal receiving/transmitting module, a central processing module, a stepping motor driving module, and a number According to the storage module.
  • the bus signal receiving/transmitting module is connected to a bus interface of the main controller for receiving a bus control signal from the main controller and transmitting it to the central processing module, and returning the bus signal received from the central processing module to the main controller.
  • the central processing module is configured to extract valve body opening degree information included in the bus control signal, and combine the current stepping motor position information read from the data storage module to generate a corresponding pulse control signal, and output the step to the step Enter the motor drive module.
  • the data storage module is configured to store current position information of the stepping motor.
  • the stepping motor driving module is configured to drive the stepping motor to rotate according to the pulse control signal, thereby adjusting an opening degree of the valve body to control a normal operation of the four-way switching valve.
  • the electronic control portion of the four-way directional control valve provided by the embodiment of the present invention is the same as the electronic control portion of the electronic expansion valve provided in the foregoing embodiment, and details are not described herein again.
  • the four-way reversing valve is connected to the control bus of the main controller by receiving the bus signal receiving/transmitting module, receiving the bus control signal sent by the main controller, and extracting the bus control through the central processing module.
  • the valve body opening information contained in the signal is converted into a pulse control signal, and the stepping motor drive module drives the stepping motor to adjust the opening degree of the valve body.
  • the main controller can control the four-way reversing valve through the control bus, so that the four-way reversing valve of the invention can satisfy the bus-controlled working environment.
  • the switching valve is also a type of reversing valve, which can be generally understood as an "one inlet and multiple outlet" valve for controlling the switching connection between the inlet and the different outlet. Specifically, for the switching valve, by controlling the rotation of the stepping motor, it is possible to control the supply of the inlet to communicate with different outlets or to control the supply of the inlet to the same outlet.
  • the switching valve When the switching valve is used in the field of refrigeration, by controlling the inlet to communicate with different outlets, different outlets can be followed by different refrigeration units to achieve different refrigeration requirements for different refrigeration units; The amount of supply to the same outlet can be achieved for the same refrigeration unit to control the cooling capacity.
  • an embodiment of the present invention further provides a switching valve, the switching valve comprising: an electronic control part and a mechanical part.
  • the mechanical part comprises a stepping motor and a valve body.
  • the electronic control part includes: Line signal receiving/transmitting module, central processing module, stepping motor driving module, and data storage module.
  • the bus signal receiving/transmitting module is connected to a bus interface of the main controller for receiving a bus control signal from the main controller and transmitting it to the central processing module, and returning the bus signal received from the central processing module to the main controller.
  • the central processing module is configured to extract valve body opening degree information included in the bus control signal, and combine the current stepping motor position information read from the data storage module to generate a corresponding pulse control signal, and output the step to the step Enter the motor drive module.
  • the data storage module is configured to store current position information of the stepping motor.
  • the stepping motor driving module is configured to drive the stepping motor to rotate according to the pulse control signal, thereby adjusting an opening degree of the valve body to control a normal operation of the switching valve.
  • the electronic control portion of the switching valve provided by the embodiment of the present invention is the same as the electronic control portion of the electronic expansion valve provided in the foregoing embodiment, and details are not described herein again.
  • the switching valve according to the embodiment of the present invention is connected to the control bus of the main controller by receiving the bus signal receiving/transmitting module, receiving the bus control signal sent by the main controller, and extracting the bus control signal by the central processing module.
  • the valve body opening information is converted into a pulse control signal, and the stepping motor drive module drives the stepping motor to adjust the opening degree of the valve body.
  • the main controller can control the switching valve through the control bus, so that the switching valve of the invention can satisfy the working environment of the bus control.

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Description

一种电子膨胀阀、 步进电机及换向阀
本申请要求于 2010 年 8 月 27 日提交中国专利局、 申请号为 201010264206.7、 发明名称为"一种电子膨胀阀、 步进电机及换向阀"的中国专 利申请的优先权， 其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本发明涉及电子膨胀阀技术领域，特别是涉及一种电子膨胀阀、 步进电机 及换向阀。
背景技术
在家用空调领域， 一般采用步进电机式电子膨胀阀。 所述电子膨胀阀通常 包括步进电机和阀体，通过步进电机的转动控制阀体的开度。现有电子膨胀阀 中， 所述步进电机的驱动电路一般集成在主控板上，通过驱动线与步进电机相 连。 当主控板需要驱动电子膨胀阀时， 下发相应的脉冲控制信号至驱动电路， 进而驱动步进电机转动， 使阀体达到相应的开度。
当前在汽车空调中， 普遍使用的是热力膨胀阀（TXV )。 TXV由感温包或 气箱头感知蒸发器出口制冷剂的压力温度，并通过该具有特殊热力学性质的气 箱头和传动机构来调节阀体开度，从而控制进入蒸发器的制冷剂流量。 因而空 调主控制板和热力膨胀阀之间没有传感、控制的电子线路。该热力膨胀阀的控 制特性由自身的机械结构和热力学性能决定， 每个产品的动态特性都是固定 的， 不能根据不同空调系统的参数差异来调整开阀性能， 通用性较差。 而采用 电子膨胀阀， 可根据不同的空调系统特点设计不同的开阀特性，产品的适用性 更广。
鉴于此，本领域技术人员考虑将家用空调领域的电子膨胀阀应用到汽车空 调上， 由于现有电子膨胀阀的步进电机驱动电路是需要集成在主控制板上的， 因而需要在汽车的主控制板上增加额外的驱动线用以驱动电子膨胀阀。考虑到 汽车的主控制板需要同时控制日光传感器、湿度传感器和温度传感器等多个传 感器， 并同时控制压缩机、 多个风机等， 在有限的空间中， 再增加额外的驱动 线实现主控制板与电子膨胀阀的直接连接，会使得从主控制板上引出的驱动线 非常多， 主控制板的结构非常复杂， 增加制造成本。
有鉴于此，如何对现有技术中的电子膨胀阀进行改进， 减少与主控制板直 接连接的驱动线数量，从而简化主控制板的结构，是本领域技术亟需解决的问 题。
发明内容
有鉴于此， 本发明的目的在于提供一种电子膨胀阀、 步进电机及换向阀， 能够减少与主控制板直接连接的驱动线数量，从而简化主控制板的结构， 节省 制造成本。
本发明提供一种电子膨胀阀， 包括电控部分和机械部分； 所述机械部分包 括步进电机和阀体； 所述电控部分包括总线信号接收 /发送模块、 中央处理模 块、 数据存储模块、 步进电机驱动模块；
所述总线信号接收 /发送模块用于接收总线控制信号并发送至中央处理模 块；
所述中央处理模块用于提取所述总线控制信号内包含的阀体开度信息，结 合从所述数据存储模块中读取的步进电机的当前位置信息，生成相应的脉冲控 制信号， 输出至步进电机驱动模块；
所述数据存储模块用于存储步进电机的当前位置信息；
所述步进电机驱动模块用于根据所述脉冲控制信号驱动所述步进电机调 整所述阀体的开度。
优选地， 所述中央处理模块包括：
信号提取单元， 用于提取接收到的总线控制信号中包含的阀体开度信息， 得到期望的阀体的开度；
信号转换单元，用于将所述期望的阀体的开度转换为步进电机的期望位置 信息；
转动角度计算单元， 用于根据所述步进电机的期望位置信息， 结合从数据 存储模块中读取的当前步进电机的位置信息，计算出步进电机从当前位置转动 至所述期望位置需要转动的角度；
脉冲生成单元，用于根据步进电机需要转动的角度生成相应的脉冲控制信 号， 发送至步进电机驱动模块。
优选地， 所述电控部分还包括步进电机监测模块， 用于监测步进电机线圈 上的感应电动势是否发生异常， 如果是， 发送异常信号至所述中央处理模块。 优选地， 所述中央处理模块根据接收到的感应电动势异常信号，计算得到 所述步进电机的当前位置信息， 存储在所述数据存储模块中。
优选地， 所述中央处理模块还包括失步判断单元， 用于接收到所述异常信 号后， 确定所述步进电机发生失步现象， 发送失步信号至所述数据存储模块。
优选地， 所述中央处理模块还可以包括失步补偿单元，用于根据所述数据 存储模块存储的所述失步信号， 对所述步进电机进行失步补偿。
优选地， 所述电控部分还包括温度检测模块， 用于检测所述电子膨胀阀的 阀体的工作温度， 并将检测温度反馈至中央处理模块。
优选地， 所述中央处理模块还包括温度判断单元， 用于接收到所述检测温 度时， 判断所述检测温度是否处于正常温度范围， 如果是， 将所述检测温度转 化为总线信号返回至主控制器； 如果否，发送相应的控制信号至步进电机驱动 电路，控制步进电机转动至阀体处于安全开度， 并将所述检测温度和所述阀体 已处于安全开度的信息转化为总线信号返回至主控制器。
优选地， 所述中央处理模块还包括自动归位单元， 用于在预设时间段内没 有接收到来自主控制器的监听信号时，发送相应的控制信号至步进电机驱动电 路， 控制步进电机转动至阀体处于安全开度。 驱动方式。
本发明还提供一种步进电机， 用于电子膨胀阀， 包括线圈绕组和转子， 还 包括电路板； 所述电路板包括总线信号接收 /发送模块、 中央处理模块、 数据 存储模块；
所述总线信号接收 /发送模块用于接收总线控制信号并发送至所述中央处 理模块；
所述中央处理模块用于提取所述总线控制信号内包含的阀体开度信息，结 合从数据存储模块中读取的步进电机的当前位置信息，生成相应的脉冲控制信 号， 输出至所述线圈绕组；
所述数据存储模块用于存储步进电机的当前位置信息。
优选地， 所述电路板还包括步进电机监测模块， 用于监测步进电机的线圈 绕组上的感应电动势是否发生异常，如果是，发送异常信号至所述中央处理模 块。
优选地， 所述中央处理模块还包括失步判断单元， 用于接收到所述异常信 号后， 确定所述步进电机发生失步现象， 发送失步信号至所述数据存储模块。
优选地， 所述中央处理模块还可以包括失步补偿单元，用于根据所述数据 存储模块存储的所述失步信号， 对所述步进电机进行失步补偿。
优选地， 所述电路板还包括温度检测模块， 用于检测所述步进电机的工作 温度， 并将检测温度反馈至中央处理模块。
优选地， 所述中央处理模块还包括自动归位单元， 用于在预设时间段内没 有接收到来自主控制器的监听信号时， 发送相应的控制信号至所述线圈绕组， 控制步进电机转动至安全开度。
本发明还提供一种换向阀， 包括电控部分和机械部分； 所述机械部分包括 步进电机和阀体； 所述电控部分包括总线信号接收 /发送模块、 中央处理模块、 数据存储模块、 步进电机驱动模块；
所述总线信号接收 /发送模块用于接收总线控制信号并发送至中央处理模 块；
所述中央处理模块用于提取所述总线控制信号内包含的阀体开度信息，结 合从数据存储模块中读取的步进电机的当前位置信息，生成相应的脉冲控制信 号， 输出至步进电机驱动模块；
所述数据存储模块用于存储步进电机的当前位置信息；
所述步进电机驱动模块用于根据所述脉冲控制信号驱动所述步进电机调 整所述阀体的开度
根据本发明提供的具体实施例， 本发明公开了以下技术效果：
采用本发明实施例， 电子膨胀阀能够直接通过控制总线与主控制器相连， 接收主控制器下发的总线控制信号。从而实现了主控制器能够通过控制总线对 电子膨胀阀的控制， 满足总线控制的工作环境。 进而不需要再在主控制器上增 加额外的驱动线来实现主控制器与电子膨胀阀的连接，减少与主控制板直接连 接的驱动线数量， 从而简化主控制板的结构， 节省制造成本。
附图说明
图 1 , 为本发明实施例一提供的电子膨胀阀结构图； 图 2, 为本发明实施例一提供的电子膨胀阀工作原理图；
图 3 , 为本发明实施例一提供的中央处理模块结构图。
图 4, 为本发明实施例二提供的电子膨胀阀结构图。
具体实施方式
为使本发明的上述目的、特征和优点能够更加明显易懂， 下面结合附图和 具体实施方式对本发明作进一步详细的说明。
有鉴于此， 本发明的目的在于提供一种电子膨胀阀、 步进电机及换向阀， 能够减少与主控制板直接连接的驱动线数量，从而简化主控制板的结构， 节省 制造成本。
在汽车电子领域中， 一般采用汽车总线技术。 汽车总线技术是指汽车内部 导线采用总线控制的一种技术。 具体的， 是指通过某种通讯协议， 如高速总线 CAN (控制器局部网， Controller Area Network ) 或氐速总线 LIN ( Local Interconnect Network ), 将汽车内部的各个 ECU (电子控制单元， Electronic Control Unit ) 节点联结起来， 从而形成一个汽车内部的局域网络。 各 ECU节 点根据接收自总线的控制信息， 完成预定的控制功能和动作。
本发明实施例所述的电子膨胀阀， 能够直接通过控制总线与主控制器相 连，接收主控制器下发的总线控制信号。从而实现了主控制器能够通过控制总 线对电子膨胀阀的控制， 满足总线控制的工作环境。进而不需要再在主控制器 上增加额外的驱动线来实现主控制器与电子膨胀阀的连接，减少与主控制板直 接连接的驱动线数量， 从而简化主控制板的结构， 节省制造成本。
参照图 1和图 2, 分别为本发明实施例一提供的电子膨胀阀结构图和工作 原理图。 所述电子膨胀阀 1包括： 电控部分 10和机械部分 20。 其中， 所述机 械部分 20包括步进电机 21和阀体 22。 所述电控部分 10包括： 总线信号接收 /发送模块 11、 中央处理模块 12、 步进电机驱动模块 13、 以及数据存储模块 15。
所述总线信号接收 /发送模块 11与主控制器 2的总线接口相连， 用于接收 来自主控制器 2的总线控制信号并发送至中央处理模块 12, 将接收自中央处 理模块 12的总线信号返回至主控制器 2。
如图 2所示， 所述电子膨胀阀 1通过控制总线实现与主控制器 2的连接， 接收主控制器 2下发的总线控制信号。所述总线控制信号是基于总线通讯协议 的；所述控制总线可以为 CAN总线或 LIN总线，也可以为 TTP、 J1850、 MOST 和 IDB等其他控制总线。
需要说明的是， 所述总线信号接收 /发送模块 11能够对控制总线上传输的 控制信号进行识别， 当确认控制信号的接收方为电子膨胀阀 1时， 总线信号接 收 /发送模块 11接收该控制信号， 并将该控制信号转发至中央处理模块 12。
具体的， 所述总线控制信号是主控制器 2下发的， 用于控制电子膨胀阀 1 的阀体 22的开度的信号， 其中包含有该电子膨胀阀 1的地址信息和阀体开度 信息。 所述总线信号接收 /发送模块 11根据所述总线控制信号中的地址信息确 认该控制信号的接收方是否为电子膨胀阀 1。
所述中央处理模块 12 用于提取所述总线控制信号内包含的阀体开度信 息， 结合从所述数据存储模块 15中读取的当前步进电机位置信息， 生成相应 的脉冲控制信号， 输出至步进电机驱动模块 13。
具体的， 所述中央处理模块 12从总线控制信号中提取出所述阀体开度信 息后， 得到期望的阀体开度， 转换成步进电机需要转动到的期望位置， 再结合 从数据存储模块 15中读取的步进电机的当前位置信息， 计算出步进电机从当 前位置转动至所述期望位置需要转动的角度， 据此生成相应的脉冲控制信号， 发送至步进电机驱动模块 13。
所述数据存储模块 15用于存储步进电机 21的当前位置信息。
所述步进电机驱动模块 13用于根据所述脉冲控制信号驱动所述步进电机
21转动， 进而调整所述阀体 22的开度， 控制电子膨胀阀 1正常工作。
本发明实施例所述电子膨胀阀 1 , 通过总线信号接收 /发送模块 11实现与 主控制器 2的控制总线相连，接收主控制器 2下发的总线控制信号， 经过中央 处理模块 12提取所述总线控制信号内包含的阀体开度信息， 转化为脉冲控制 信号， 由步进电机驱动模块 13驱动步进电机 21调整阀体 22的开度。 从而实 现了主控制器 2能够通过控制总线对电子膨胀阀 1的控制，使得本发明所述电 子膨胀阀 1能够满足总线控制的工作环境。
具体的， 参照图 3 , 为本发明实施例一提供的中央处理模块结构图。 如图 3所示， 所述中央处理模块 12可以包括： 信号提取单元 121、 信号转换单元 122、 转动角度计算单元 123、 脉冲生成单元 124。
信号提取单元 121 , 用于提取接收到的总线控制信号中包含的阀体开度信 息， 得到期望的阀体 22的开度。
具体的， 所述总线控制信号中包含的所述阀体开度信息，是用于表明主控 制器 2期望电子膨胀阀 1的阀体 22达到的开度。
信号转换单元 122, 用于将所述期望的阀体 22的开度转换为步进电机 21 需要转动到的角度， 即为步进电机 21的期望位置信息。
根据电子膨胀阀 1的工作原理可知， 其阀体 22的开度是通过步进电机 21 的转动控制的， 对于确定的电子膨胀阀 1 , 其阀体 22的开度与步进电机 21的 转动角度之间的对应关系是确定的。 因此， 根据阀体 22的开度可以很容易的 得到步进电机 21的期望位置信息。
同时， 对于步进电机 21而言， 其转动的角度与步数之间也是存在一定的 对应关系的。 也就是说， 步进电机 21每转动一步， 其对应的角度是确定的。 因此， 本发明实施例中， 所述中央处理模块 12也可以将期望的阀体 22的开度 转换为步进电机 21需要转动到的步数。
转动角度计算单元 123 , 用于根据所述步进电机 21 的期望位置信息， 结 合从数据存储模块 15中读取的当前步进电机 21的位置信息，计算出步进电机 21从当前位置转动至所述期望位置需要转动的角度。
脉冲生成单元 124, 用于根据步进电机 21需要转动的角度生成相应的脉 冲控制信号， 发送至步进电机驱动模块 13。
优选地， 所述电控部分 10还包括： 所述步进电机监测模块 14, 用于监测 步进电机 21线圈上的感应电动势是否发生异常， 如果是， 发送异常信号至所 述中央处理模块 12。
对应的， 所述中央处理模块 12可以根据接收到的来自步进电机监测模块 14的感应电动势异常信号， 计算得到所述步进电机 21当前的位置信息， 存储 至所述数据存储模块 15中。
需要说明的是， 所述数据存储模块 15中不仅包括步进电机的当前位置信 息， 还包括步进电机的期望位置信息、 当前次需要的转动量、 以及当前次实际 的转动量。 其中，所述期望位置信息即为所述信号转换单元 122根据所述总线控制信 号中包含的所述期望的阀体 22的开度转换得到的。
所述当前次需要的转动量，即为转动角度计算单元 123计算得到的步进电 机 21从当前位置转动至所述期望位置需要转动的角度。
所述当前次实际的转动量， 即为步进电机 21 当前次实际转动的角度； 可 以在步进电机 21完成该次转动后， 根据所述当前次需要的转动量， 结合发生 异常的感应电动势计算得到。
所述步进电机的当前位置可以根据所述步进电机当前次转动之前的位置 和当前次实际的转动量计算得到。
具体的， 对于步进电机的当前次转动， 在转动开始前， 可以通过数据存储 模块 15得到步进电机的当前位置， 此当前位置是步进电机当前次转动之前的 位置； 在步进电机完成当前次转动后， 结合步进电机当前次实际的转动量可以 计算得到步进电机的当前位置，此当前位置是指步进电机当前次转动完成后的 位置。
需要说明的是， 当步进电机 21没有按驱动信号 （即为脉冲控制信号）转 动时， 相应的步进电机 21的某一线圈上的感应电动势会出现异常。 由此可以 判断得到该步进电机 21未正常转动， 发生了失步现象。
对步进电机 21发生的失步现象进行累计， 得到失步累计值； 根据所述失 步累计值， 再结合当前次需要转动的步数， 可以得到步进电机 21 当前次实际 转动的步数； 再结合步进电机 21转动步数与角位移的关系， 计算得到步进电 机 21实际转动的角度， 保存在数据存储模块 15中。
进一步的， 所述中央处理模块 12还包括： 失步判断单元， 用于接收到所 述步进电机监测模块 14发送的异常信号后，确定该步进电机 21发生失步现象， 发送失步信号至所述数据存储模块 15。
当所述失步判断单元接收到步进电机 21线圈上的感应电动势发生异常的 信号时， 可以判断得到该步进电机 21未正常转动， 发生了失步现象。
对应的， 所述中央处理模块 12还可以包括： 失步补偿单元， 用于根据所 述数据存储模块 15存储的所述失步信号， 对所述步进电机 21进行失步补偿。
所述失步补偿具体为： 对所述数据存储模块 15存储的失步信号， 重新发 送各次失步对应的脉冲控制信号， 驱动所述步进电机 21转动。 由于发生失步 现象即为所述步进电机 21没有被该次脉冲控制信号驱动转动， 因此， 在对该 次失步进行补偿时， 只需对所述步进电机 21重新发送该次脉冲控制信号， 驱 动所述步进电机 21转动即可。
具体的， 所述失步补偿单元对所述步进电机 21的失步补偿可以通过两种 方式实现。 下面分别对二种补偿方式进行阐述。
第一种补偿方式： 所述失步补偿单元用于当所述数据存储模块 15—接收 到所述失步信号后， 立即对步进电机 21进行失步补偿。 也就是说， 只要数据 存储模块 15接收到一个失步信号， 所述失步补偿单元便立刻针对该失步信号 对该次失步进行补偿， 重新发送该次失步对应的脉冲控制信号， 驱动所述步进 电机 21转动。
第二种补偿方式： 所述失步补偿单元对所述数据存储模块 15接收到的失 步信号进行累计，在步进电机 21完成当前次转动后，将步进电机 21当前次实 际转动的角度与所述当前次需要转动的角度进行比较，计算得到需要补偿的角 度， 生成相应的脉冲控制信号， 发送至步进电机驱动模块 13驱动步进电机 21 转动。
其中， 所述步进电机 21 当前次实际转动的角度可以直接根据失步信号的 累计值计算得到。 具体的， 对接收到的失步信号进行累计， 得到失步信号的累 计值； 将所述失步信号的累计值与步进电机 21 当前次需要转动的角度对应的 脉冲控制信号进行比较， 即可得到实际驱动步进电机 21正常转动的脉冲信号 值， 利用步进电机 21的原理， 即可转化得到步进电机 21实际转动的角度。
当然， 所述失步补偿单元也可以直接对所述数据存储模块 15接收到的失 步信号进行累计， 在步进电机 21完成转动后， 将累计得到的失步信号的累计 值， 转化为需要补偿的角度， 生成相应的脉冲控制信号， 发送至步进电机驱动 模块 13驱动步进电机 21转动。
优选地， 所述中央处理模块 12还可以包括补偿检验单元， 用于当补偿完 成后， 再次接收到失步判断单元发送的失步信号时， 确定该步进电机 21在补 偿过程中再次发生了失步， 需要再次对其进行补偿。
进一步的， 所述补偿检验单元还可以预先设定最大补偿次数， 当对该步进 电机 21的失步补偿超出了所述最大补偿次数时， 停止补偿， 同时生成基于总 线通讯协议的错误信号， 经总线信号接收 /发送模块 11发送至主控制器 2。
通过所述失步判断单元和失步补偿单元，能够解决电子膨胀阀 1在工作过 程中因失步引起的阀体 22开度的误差偏大、 甚至于产生错误的问题。
参照图 4, 为本发明实施例二提供的电子膨胀阀结构图。 如图 4可知， 本 发明实施例二提供的电子膨胀阀与实施例一的区别在于： 所述电子膨胀阀 1 的电控部分 1还包括： 温度检测模块 16。
所述温度检测模块 16用于检测所述电子膨胀阀 1的阀体 22的工作温度， 并将检测温度反馈至中央处理模块 12。
对应的， 所述中央处理模块 12还包括温度判断单元， 用于接收到所述检 测温度时， 判断所述检测温度是否处于正常温度范围， 如果是， 将所述检测温 度转化为总线信号返回至主控制器 2; 如果否， 发送相应的控制信号至步进电 机驱动模块 13 , 控制步进电机 21转动至阀体 22处于安全开度， 并将所述检 测温度和所述阀体已处于安全开度的信息转化为总线信号返回至主控制器 2。
具体的， 所述发送相应的控制信号至步进电机驱动模块 13具体为： 将预 设的阀体 22的安全开度转换成步进电机 21转动的安全角度，再结合从数据存 储模块 15中读取的当前步进电机的位置信息，计算出步进电机 21从当前位置 转动至所述安全角度需要转动的角度，据此生成相应的脉冲控制信号，发送至 步进电机驱动模块 13。
优选地， 所述中央处理模块 12还可以包括： 自动归位单元。
为了使主控制器 2和电子膨胀阀 1能够时时互相了解到对方的工作状态是 否正常， 主控制器 2和电子膨胀阀 1之间通过监听信号时时进行通信。 当电子 膨胀阀 1在一段时间内没有接收到来自主控制器 2的监听信号，可以初步判断 主控制器 2工作出现异常， 此时所述中央处理模块 12的自动归位单元可以实 现自动控制所述步进电机驱动模块 13 , 驱动步进电机 21转动至安全位置， 进 而使得电子膨胀阀 1的阀体 22处于安全开度。
具体的，所述自动归位单元用于在预设时间段内没有接收到来自主控制器 2的监听信号时，发送相应的控制信号至步进电机驱动模块 13 ,控制步进电机 21转动至阀体 22处于安全开度。 具体的， 所述发送相应的控制信号至步进电机驱动模块 13具体为： 将预 设的阀体 22的安全开度转换成步进电机 21转动的安全角度，再结合从数据存 储模块 15中读取的步进电机的当前位置信息，计算出步进电机 21从当前位置 转动至所述安全角度需要转动的角度，据此生成相应的脉冲控制信号，发送至 步进电机驱动模块 13。
本发明实施例所述的电子膨胀阀 1可以采用单极性步进电机驱动方式，也 可以采用双极性步进电机驱动方式。其区别仅仅在于， 当采用单极性步进电机 驱动方式时，所述步进电机 21与步进电机驱动模块 13之间采用四相六线制接 法； 当采用双极性步进电机驱动方式时， 所述步进电机 21与步进电机驱动电 路 13之间采用两相四线制接法。
相对于单极性步进电机驱动方式而言， 采用双极性步进电机驱动方式， 在 线圈铜线线径相同的情况下， 具有更强大的驱动力， 且电机转动更加平稳， 大 大降低了因驱动力和振动问题导致的电子膨胀阀的不良率。 因此， 本发明实施 例所述电子膨胀阀 1优选采用双极性步进电机驱动方式。
优选地， 本发明实施例中， 对所述步进电机的驱动可以采用细分功能， 实 现对步进电机的细分控制。具体的， 所述细分控制是通过对步进电机的励磁绕 组中的电流进行控制来实现的。
通过对步进电机采用细分功能， 有利于所述步进电机监测模块 14对步进 电机的感应电动势的监测。 本发明实施例还提供一种步进电机， 用于控制电子膨胀阀， 所述步进电机 包括线圈绕组和转子， 还可以包括电路板。 所述电路板包括： 总线信号接收 / 发送模块、 中央处理模块、 以及数据存储模块。
所述总线信号接收 /发送模块与主控制器的总线接口相连， 用于接收来自 主控制器的总线控制信号并发送至中央处理模块，将接收自中央处理模块的总 线信号返回至主控制器。
所述中央处理模块用于提取所述总线控制信号内包含的阀体开度信息，结 合从所述数据存储模块中读取的当前步进电机位置信息，生成相应的脉冲控制 信号， 输出至与所述步进电机的线圈绕组。 所述数据存储模块用于存储步进电机的当前位置信息。
本发明实施例所述步进电机， 通过在总线信号接收 /发送模块实现与主控 制器的控制总线相连，接收主控制器下发的总线控制信号， 经过中央处理模块 提取所述总线控制信号内包含的阀体开度信息， 转化为脉冲控制信号，发送至 步进电机的驱动模块驱动步进电机。从而实现了主控制器能够通过控制总线对 步进电机的控制， 使得本发明所述步进电机能够满足总线控制的工作环境。
具体的， 所述中央处理模块可以包括： 信号提取单元、 信号转换单元、 转 动角度计算单元、 脉冲生成单元。
信号提取单元， 用于提取接收到的总线控制信号中包含的阀体开度信息， 得到期望的阀体的开度。
信号转换单元，用于将所述期望的阀体的开度转换为步进电机需要转动到 的角度， 即为步进电机的期望位置信息。
转动角度计算单元， 用于根据所述步进电机的期望位置信息， 结合从数据 存储模块中读取的当前步进电机的位置信息，计算出步进电机从当前位置转动 至所述期望位置需要转动的角度。
脉冲生成单元，用于根据步进电机需要转动的角度生成相应的脉冲控制信 号， 发送至所述步进电机的线圈绕组。
优选地， 所述电路板还包括： 步进电机监测模块， 用于监测步进电机的线 圈绕组上的感应电动势是否发生异常， 如果是，发送异常信号至所述中央处理 模块。
对应的，所述中央处理模块可以根据接收到的来自步进电机监测模块的感 应电动势异常信号，计算得到所述步进电机当前的位置信息，存储在所述数据 存储模块中。
需要说明的是， 所述数据存储模块中不仅包括步进电机的当前位置信息， 还包括步进电机的期望位置信息、 当前次需要的转动量、 以及当前次实际的转 动量。
进一步的， 所述中央处理模块还包括： 失步判断单元， 用于接收到所述步 进电机监测模块发送的异常信号后，确定该步进电机发生失步现象，发送失步 信号至所述数据存储模块。 对应的， 所述中央处理模块还可以包括： 失步补偿单元， 用于根据所述数 据存储模块存储的所述失步信号， 对所述步进电机进行失步补偿。
优选地，所述中央处理模块还可以包括补偿检验单元，用于当补偿完成后， 再次接收到失步判断单元发送的失步信号时，确定该步进电机在补偿过程中再 次发生了失步， 需要再次对其进行补偿。
进一步的， 所述补偿检验单元还可以预先设定最大补偿次数， 当对该步进 电机的失步补偿超出了所述最大补偿次数时，停止补偿， 同时生成基于总线通 讯协议的错误信号 , 经总线信号接收 /发送模块发送至主控制器。
优选地， 所述电路板还包括温度检测模块， 用于检测所述步进电机控制的 电子膨胀阀的阀体的工作温度， 并将检测温度反馈至中央处理模块。
对应的， 所述中央处理模块还包括温度判断单元， 用于接收到所述检测温 度时， 判断所述检测温度是否处于正常温度范围， 如果是， 将所述检测温度转 化为总线信号返回至主控制器； 如果否，发送相应的控制信号至步进电机的驱 温度和所述阀体已处于安全开度的信息转化为总线信号返回至主控制器。
优选地， 所述中央处理模块还可以包括自动归位单元， 用于在预设时间段 内没有接收到来自主控制器的监听信号时，发送相应的控制信号至步进电机驱
需要说明的是， 本发明实施例的应用范围不仅仅局限于电子膨胀阀，对于 经常用于制冷领域的其他阀也仍然适用， 例如四通换向阀和切换阀。 下面以四 通换向阀和切换阀为例进行简单说明。
目前汽车空调一般仅具有制冷功能，但是兼具制冷、制热功能的热泵空调 是未来汽车空调的发展方向。 而四通换向阀是热泵空调上必须的部件， 用于改 变空调系统中制冷剂气体的流向 , 以改变热交换器 (蒸发器和冷凝器 )的功能 , 从而实现空调兼具制冷和制热。
基于此， 本发明实施例还提供一种四通换向阀， 所述四通换向阀包括： 电 控部分和机械部分。 其中， 所述机械部分包括步进电机和阀体。 所述电控部分 包括： 总线信号接收 /发送模块、 中央处理模块、 步进电机驱动模块、 以及数 据存储模块。
所述总线信号接收 /发送模块与主控制器的总线接口相连， 用于接收来自 主控制器的总线控制信号并发送至中央处理模块，将接收自中央处理模块的总 线信号返回至主控制器。
所述中央处理模块用于提取所述总线控制信号内包含的阀体开度信息，结 合从所述数据存储模块中读取的当前步进电机位置信息，生成相应的脉冲控制 信号， 输出至步进电机驱动模块。
所述数据存储模块用于存储步进电机的当前位置信息。
所述步进电机驱动模块用于根据所述脉冲控制信号驱动所述步进电机转 动， 进而调整所述阀体的开度， 控制四通换向阀正常工作。
本发明实施例提供的四通换向阀的电控部分与前述实施例中提供的电子 膨胀阀的电控部分相同， 在此不再贅述。
本发明实施例所述四通换向阀， 通过在总线信号接收 /发送模块实现与主 控制器的控制总线相连，接收主控制器下发的总线控制信号， 经过中央处理模 块提取所述总线控制信号内包含的阀体开度信息， 转化为脉冲控制信号， 由步 进电机驱动模块驱动步进电机调整阀体的开度。从而实现了主控制器能够通过 控制总线对四通换向阀的控制，使得本发明所述四通换向阀能够满足总线控制 的工作环境。 切换阀也是换向阀的一种， 一般可以理解为"一进口多出口"的阀， 用于控 制进口与不同出口的切换连接。 具体的， 对于切换阀， 可以通过控制步进电机 转动， 实现控制所述进口与不同的出口相通、或者控制所述进口给同一个出口 的供给量。
当所述切换阀用于制冷领域时，通过控制所述进口与不同的出口相通， 可 以将不同的出口后接不同的制冷单元，实现对不同的制冷单元满足不同的制冷 需求； 通过控制所述进口给同一个出口的供给量， 可以实现对于同一个制冷单 元， 起到控制制冷量的效果。
基于此， 本发明实施例还提供一种切换阀， 所述切换阀包括： 电控部分和 机械部分。 其中， 所述机械部分包括步进电机和阀体。 所述电控部分包括： 总 线信号接收 /发送模块、 中央处理模块、 步进电机驱动模块、 以及数据存储模 块。
所述总线信号接收 /发送模块与主控制器的总线接口相连， 用于接收来自 主控制器的总线控制信号并发送至中央处理模块，将接收自中央处理模块的总 线信号返回至主控制器。
所述中央处理模块用于提取所述总线控制信号内包含的阀体开度信息，结 合从所述数据存储模块中读取的当前步进电机位置信息，生成相应的脉冲控制 信号， 输出至步进电机驱动模块。
所述数据存储模块用于存储步进电机的当前位置信息。
所述步进电机驱动模块用于根据所述脉冲控制信号驱动所述步进电机转 动， 进而调整所述阀体的开度， 控制切换阀正常工作。
本发明实施例提供的切换阀的电控部分与前述实施例中提供的电子膨胀 阀的电控部分相同， 在此不再贅述。
本发明实施例所述切换阀， 通过在总线信号接收 /发送模块实现与主控制 器的控制总线相连，接收主控制器下发的总线控制信号， 经过中央处理模块提 取所述总线控制信号内包含的阀体开度信息， 转化为脉冲控制信号， 由步进电 机驱动模块驱动步进电机调整阀体的开度。从而实现了主控制器能够通过控制 总线对切换阀的控制， 使得本发明所述切换阀能够满足总线控制的工作环境。
以上对本发明所提供的一种电子膨胀阀、 步进电机及换向阀， 进行了详细 施例的说明只是用于帮助理解本发明的方法及其核心思想； 同时，对于本领域 的一般技术人员，依据本发明的思想， 在具体实施方式及应用范围上均会有改 变之处。 综上所述， 本说明书内容不应理解为对本发明的限制。

Claims

权 利 要 求
1、 一种电子膨胀阀， 其特征在于， 包括电控部分和机械部分； 所述机械 部分包括步进电机和阀体； 所述电控部分包括总线信号接收 /发送模块、 中央 处理模块、 数据存储模块、 步进电机驱动模块；
所述总线信号接收 /发送模块用于接收总线控制信号并发送至中央处理模 块；
所述中央处理模块用于提取所述总线控制信号内包含的阀体开度信息，结 合从所述数据存储模块中读取的步进电机的当前位置信息，生成相应的脉冲控 制信号， 输出至步进电机驱动模块；
所述数据存储模块用于存储步进电机的当前位置信息；
所述步进电机驱动模块用于根据所述脉冲控制信号驱动所述步进电机调 整所述阀体的开度。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的电子膨胀阀， 其特征在于， 所述中央处理模块 包括：
信号提取单元， 用于提取接收到的总线控制信号中包含的阀体开度信息， 得到期望的阀体的开度；
信号转换单元，用于将所述期望的阀体的开度转换为步进电机的期望位置 信息；
转动角度计算单元， 用于根据所述步进电机的期望位置信息， 结合从数据 存储模块中读取的当前步进电机的位置信息，计算出步进电机从当前位置转动 至所述期望位置需要转动的角度；
脉冲生成单元，用于根据步进电机需要转动的角度生成相应的脉冲控制信 号， 发送至步进电机驱动模块。
3、 根据权利要求 1或 2所述的电子膨胀阀， 其特征在于， 所述电控部分 还包括步进电机监测模块，用于监测步进电机线圈上的感应电动势是否发生异 常， 如果是， 发送异常信号至所述中央处理模块。
4、 根据权利要求 3所述的电子膨胀阀， 其特征在于， 所述中央处理模块 根据接收到的感应电动势异常信号， 计算得到所述步进电机的当前位置信息， 存储在所述数据存储模块中。
5、 根据权利要求 3所述的电子膨胀阀， 其特征在于， 所述中央处理模块 还包括失步判断单元，用于接收到所述异常信号后，确定所述步进电机发生失 步现象， 发送失步信号至所述数据存储模块。
6、 根据权利要求 5所述的电子膨胀阀， 其特征在于， 所述中央处理模块 还可以包括失步补偿单元， 用于根据所述数据存储模块存储的所述失步信号， 对所述步进电机进行失步补偿。
7、 根据权利要求 1或 2所述的电子膨胀阀， 其特征在于， 所述电控部分 还包括温度检测模块， 用于检测所述电子膨胀阀的阀体的工作温度， 并将检测 温度反馈至中央处理模块。
8、 根据权利要求 7所述的电子膨胀阀， 其特征在于， 所述中央处理模块 还包括温度判断单元，用于接收到所述检测温度时， 判断所述检测温度是否处 于正常温度范围， 如果是， 将所述检测温度转化为总线信号返回至主控制器； 如果否，发送相应的控制信号至步进电机驱动电路，控制步进电机转动至阀体 处于安全开度，并将所述检测温度和所述阀体已处于安全开度的信息转化为总 线信号返回至主控制器。
9、 根据权利要求 1或 2所述的电子膨胀阀， 其特征在于， 所述中央处理 模块还包括自动归位单元，用于在预设时间段内没有接收到来自主控制器的监 听信号时，发送相应的控制信号至步进电机驱动电路，控制步进电机转动至阀 体处于安全开度。
10、 根据权利要求 1或 2所述的电子膨胀阀， 其特征在于， 所述电子膨胀
11、一种步进电机，用于电子膨胀阀， 包括线圈绕组和转子，其特征在于， 还包括电路板； 所述电路板包括总线信号接收 /发送模块、 中央处理模块、 数 据存储模块；
所述总线信号接收 /发送模块用于接收总线控制信号并发送至所述中央处 理模块；
所述中央处理模块用于提取所述总线控制信号内包含的阀体开度信息，结 合从数据存储模块中读取的步进电机的当前位置信息，生成相应的脉冲控制信 号， 输出至所述线圈绕组； 所述数据存储模块用于存储步进电机的当前位置信息。
12、 根据权利要求 11所述的步进电机， 其特征在于， 所述电路板还包括 步进电机监测模块，用于监测步进电机的线圈绕组上的感应电动势是否发生异 常， 如果是， 发送异常信号至所述中央处理模块。
13、 根据权利要求 12所述的步进电机， 其特征在于， 所述中央处理模块 还包括失步判断单元， 用于接收到所述异常信号后，确定所述步进电机发生失 步现象， 发送失步信号至所述数据存储模块。
14、 根据权利要求 13所述的步进电机， 其特征在于， 所述中央处理模块 还可以包括失步补偿单元， 用于根据所述数据存储模块存储的所述失步信号， 对所述步进电机进行失步补偿。
15、 根据权利要求 11至 14任一项所述的步进电机， 其特征在于， 所述电 路板还包括温度检测模块， 用于检测所述步进电机的工作温度， 并将检测温度 反馈至中央处理模块。
16、 根据权利要求 11至 14任一项所述的步进电机， 其特征在于， 所述中 央处理模块还包括自动归位单元，用于在预设时间段内没有接收到来自主控制 器的监听信号时，发送相应的控制信号至所述线圈绕组，控制步进电机转动至 安全开度。
17、 一种换向阀， 其特征在于， 包括电控部分和机械部分； 所述机械部分 包括步进电机和阀体； 所述电控部分包括总线信号接收 /发送模块、 中央处理 模块、 数据存储模块、 步进电机驱动模块；
所述总线信号接收 /发送模块用于接收总线控制信号并发送至中央处理模 块；
所述中央处理模块用于提取所述总线控制信号内包含的阀体开度信息，结 合从数据存储模块中读取的步进电机的当前位置信息，生成相应的脉冲控制信 号， 输出至步进电机驱动模块；
所述数据存储模块用于存储步进电机的当前位置信息；
所述步进电机驱动模块用于根据所述脉冲控制信号驱动所述步进电机调 整所述阀体的开度。
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CN112762623A (zh) * 2020-12-31 2021-05-07 芜湖美的厨卫电器制造有限公司 用于步进电机的方法、装置、恒温阀及热水器
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