WO2012023357A1 - 酸化マンガン粒子及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
酸化マンガン粒子及びその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012023357A1 WO2012023357A1 PCT/JP2011/065664 JP2011065664W WO2012023357A1 WO 2012023357 A1 WO2012023357 A1 WO 2012023357A1 JP 2011065664 W JP2011065664 W JP 2011065664W WO 2012023357 A1 WO2012023357 A1 WO 2012023357A1
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- C30B7/00—Single-crystal growth from solutions using solvents which are liquid at normal temperature, e.g. aqueous solutions
- C30B7/14—Single-crystal growth from solutions using solvents which are liquid at normal temperature, e.g. aqueous solutions the crystallising materials being formed by chemical reactions in the solution
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- C30B29/00—Single crystals or homogeneous polycrystalline material with defined structure characterised by the material or by their shape
- C30B29/10—Inorganic compounds or compositions
- C30B29/16—Oxides
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
- H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
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- C01P2002/70—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured X-ray, neutron or electron diffraction data
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- C01P2002/70—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured X-ray, neutron or electron diffraction data
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- C01P2002/70—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured X-ray, neutron or electron diffraction data
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- C01P2004/60—Particles characterised by their size
- C01P2004/62—Submicrometer sized, i.e. from 0.1-1 micrometer
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- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a novel manganese oxide particle having a layered structure and a method for producing the same.
- Patent Document 1 As a conventional technique related to a manganese oxide having a layered structure, for example, a technique described in Patent Document 1 is known.
- the manganese oxide described in this document is composed of a layered manganese dioxide nanobelt. This document describes that this manganese dioxide nanobelt can easily insert and extract cations.
- This manganese dioxide nanobelt is manufactured by wet synthesis using an alkaline aqueous solution. Specifically, it can be obtained by heating manganite trioxide powder in a sodium hydroxide aqueous solution at a temperature range of 150 to 200 ° C. for 72 hours or more.
- an ammoniacal alkaline solution or hydrogen peroxide solution is added to a solution containing manganese ions to form a manganese hydroxide precipitate.
- a method is known in which the precipitate is separated from the mother liquor, dispersed in an organic solvent, dried at 120 ° C. or lower and pulverized (see Patent Document 2).
- Patent Document 3 describes a manganese dioxide crystal having a rock salt type crystal structure belonging to a cubic crystal diameter and space group Fm-3m. This document describes that this manganese dioxide crystal can be used as a high-capacity electric electrode material having a high volumetric energy density as compared with manganese dioxide having a conventional crystal structure.
- Non-Patent Document 1 reports manganese dioxide having an a-axis length of 11.08 mm and a c-axis length of 4.45 mm and having a hexagonal crystal structure. ing.
- the manganese dioxide nanobelt described in Patent Document 1 has a so-called burntite type crystal structure, and the crystal structure itself has been known so far.
- the manganese oxide described in Patent Document 2 is composed of MnO 2 , Mn 2 O 3 , Mn 3 O 4, etc., and the crystal structure itself has been known so far.
- the manganese dioxide crystal described in Patent Document 3 can be obtained by desorbing lithium ions from lithium manganese oxide LiMnO 2. Since lithium ions are desorbed under a microscope using a microelectrode system, It is not suitable for typical production.
- an object of the invention is to provide manganese oxide particles having a novel crystal structure and a method for producing the same.
- the present invention provides manganese oxide particles having an a-axis length of 8.73 ⁇ 1 ⁇ and a c-axis length of 14.86 ⁇ 1 ⁇ and having a hexagonal crystal structure or a hexagonal crystal-like crystal structure. is there.
- the present invention is also a preferred method for producing the manganese oxide particles.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing manganese oxide particles, which comprises mixing an aqueous solution and an alkali while heating an aqueous solution containing manganese (II) and an organic compound having a hydroxyl group.
- the present invention is also a preferred method for producing the manganese oxide particles, A feature of mixing an alkali in such an amount that OH ⁇ of 0.1 to 3.0 times the number of moles of manganese (II) is produced in a heated state of an aqueous solution containing manganese (II). A method for producing manganese oxide particles is provided.
- a positive electrode material for a lithium secondary battery a gas fixing agent; a semiconductor material component; a glass plate, a glass hard disk, a silicon substrate for device manufacture, a silicon carbide substrate and a gallium nitride substrate, and a sapphire substrate for LED manufacture And an abrasive used for polishing a silicon carbide substrate; an inorganic ion exchanger; an ion sieve; and a novel manganese oxide particle useful as a catalyst.
- FIG. 1 is a powder XRD measurement diagram of manganese oxide particles obtained in Example 1.
- FIG. FIG. 2 is a graph showing a charge / discharge state of a lithium secondary battery in which manganese oxide particles obtained in Example 1 and lithium nitrate are mixed and baked at 400 ° C. in the atmosphere as a positive electrode active material.
- FIG. 3 is a powder XRD measurement diagram of the particles obtained in Comparative Example 1.
- 4 is a powder XRD measurement diagram of the manganese oxide particles obtained in Example 2.
- FIG. FIG. 5 shows a lithium manganese composite oxide obtained by mixing manganese oxide particles obtained in Example 2 and lithium nitrate and firing in the atmosphere at 260 ° C. and then at 400 ° C.
- FIG. 6 is a graph showing a charge / discharge state of a lithium secondary battery using the lithium manganese composite oxide after pure water cleaning shown in FIG. 5 as a positive electrode active material.
- the manganese oxide particles of the present invention are characterized by having a hexagonal crystal structure or a hexagonal crystal structure (hereinafter collectively referred to simply as “hexagonal crystal” or “hexagonal crystal structure”).
- the hexagonal crystal structure is a kind of layered crystal structure.
- the manganese oxide having a hexagonal crystal structure the one described in Non-Patent Document 1 is known.
- this manganese oxide is clearly different from the manganese oxide of the present invention. That is, the manganese oxide of the present invention is a novel substance.
- manganese oxide crystal structures are, for example, manganese (II) oxide cubic, dimanganese trioxide (III) cubic or tetragonal, manganese dioxide (IV) tetragonal, cubic And orthorhombic.
- the “hexagonal-like crystal structure” means that the crystal has a layer structure when the crystal structure is observed from a certain direction, and includes, for example, a monoclinic structure of mica.
- the manganese oxide particles of the present invention having a hexagonal crystal structure have an a-axis length of 8.73 ⁇ 1 ⁇ and a c-axis length of 14.86 ⁇ 1 ⁇ .
- Conventionally known manganese oxides such as MnO, MnO 2 and Mn 2 O 3 do not have diffraction peaks at all these angles.
- the peak at 24.0 ⁇ 1 ° is derived from the (004) plane, and the peak at 36.3 ⁇ 1 ° is derived from the (006) plane.
- the above-mentioned crystal structure and lattice length are determined by structural analysis of the powder XRD diffractogram.
- the structural analysis was performed using “Expo 2009” which is a computer software developed at Institute of Cristallogia (Italian development organization).
- the procedure for the powder XRD measurement is as follows.
- “RINT-TTRIII” manufactured by Rigaku Corporation
- a powder X-ray glass holder dedicated to the apparatus was filled with, for example, powder prepared by the method of Example 1 described later, and powder XRD measurement was performed.
- the valence of manganese in the manganese oxide particles of the present invention is estimated to be divalent from the results of chemical analysis (oxalic acid dissolution method) and ESR (electron spin resonance) performed by the present inventors.
- Identification of divalent manganese by chemical analysis (oxalic acid dissolution method) was performed according to the following procedure (based on JIS K 1467). To an Erlenmeyer flask, 0.25 g of manganese oxide particles (sample) and 50 ml of an aqueous solution of oxalic acid (0.96%) were added and heated to 55-60 ° C. to dissolve the sample. Oxalic acid reduces manganese ions to divalent and dissolves them.
- the apparatus used was Blexer Elexsys E580, and the sample powder was filled into a 4 mm ⁇ quartz tube and measured. Measurement temperature: 25 ° C., central magnetic field: 5050 G, magnetic field sweep range: 10000 G, modulation: 100 kHz, 5 G, microwave: 9.441 GHz, 1 mW, sweep time: 335.54 s ⁇ 1 time, time constant: 163.84 ns, data Measurement was performed under the conditions of the number of points: 2048 points, cavity: TE 011 , and cylindrical type, and it was confirmed whether a signal (g ⁇ 2) due to Mn 2+ was observed.
- the manganese oxide particles of the present invention are so-called non-doped particles having only manganese as a metal and containing only oxygen (in some cases, only oxygen and hydrogen) as other elements, and further containing substantially no dopant element. Preferably there is.
- the performance of the manganese oxide particles can be improved without using various dopant elements that are expensive and inferior in economic efficiency or have a large environmental load.
- the dopant element include Nb, Ta, Sb, W, P, Ni, Co, Bi, and Li.
- substantially does not contain is intended to exclude intentionally adding a dopant element, and a small amount of dopant element is inevitably mixed in the manufacturing process of manganese oxide particles. This is an acceptable purpose.
- the manganese oxide particles of the present invention preferably do not contain a dopant element.
- a dopant element may be contained.
- the ratio is expressed as (number of moles of dopant element) / (number of moles of dopant element + number of moles of manganese) ⁇ 100, and 0.01 to 45 mol%.
- 0.05 to 35 mol% is preferable because the conductivity of the manganese oxide particles can be improved without impairing the economy.
- Examples of the dopant element that can be contained in this case include one or more of the above-described elements.
- the manganese oxide particles of the present invention preferably have an average primary particle diameter of 1 to 20000 nm, particularly 3 to 10000 nm, particularly 3 to 5000 nm, as observed with a scanning electron microscope (SEM).
- SEM scanning electron microscope
- the average particle size was measured based on the SEM image obtained by direct observation using a SEM at a magnification of 5000 to 20000 times, and the maximum transverse length of each manganese oxide particle (the number of measurement samples was 10 or more) was It is obtained by averaging with the number of measurement samples.
- divalent manganese is used as a raw material, and this is dissolved in water together with an organic compound having a hydroxyl group to obtain a mixed aqueous solution.
- the mixed aqueous solution is heated with an alkali (basic substance) and Mix.
- a water-soluble compound of divalent manganese as a raw material.
- a water-soluble compound for example, a water-soluble compound of divalent manganese such as manganese sulfate (II), manganese chloride (II), manganese nitrate (II) can be used.
- concentration of divalent manganese ions in the mixed aqueous solution can be 0.01 to 3 mol / L, particularly 0.05 to 1.5 mol / L.
- an organic compound having a hydroxyl group is prepared.
- a low molecular weight compound and a high molecular compound can be used.
- a monohydric alcohol can be used.
- This monohydric alcohol may be aliphatic, alicyclic, or aromatic.
- the aliphatic monohydric alcohol include lower alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, n-butanol and n-hexanol, which are monohydric alcohols having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
- Examples of the alicyclic monohydric alcohol include cyclohexanol and terpineol.
- aromatic monovalent alcohols include benzyl alcohol.
- examples of the polymer organic compound having a hydroxyl group include polyvinyl alcohol and polyol.
- the polyvinyl alcohol both a completely saponified type and a partially saponified type can be used.
- polyvinyl alcohol unmodified polyvinyl alcohol itself and modified polyvinyl alcohol can be used.
- modified polyvinyl alcohol for example, carboxyl group-modified, alkyl-modified, acetoacetyl-modified, acrylic acid-modified, methacrylic acid-modified, pyrrolidone-modified, vinylidene-modified or silanol-modified polyvinyl alcohol can be used.
- Polyvinyl alcohol having an average polymerization degree of 200 to 30,000, particularly 500 to 10,000 is preferably used. This degree of polymerization can be measured using, for example, size exclusion chromatography (SEC, Size Exclusion Chromatography).
- SEC Size Exclusion Chromatography
- the polyol ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, propanediol, butanediol, pentanediol, hexanediol, glycerol, hexanetriol, butanetriol, and petriol can be used.
- the concentration of the organic compound having a hydroxyl group in the mixed aqueous solution is preferably 0.005 to 30% by weight, particularly 0.01 to 10% by weight, when the organic compound is a monovalent lower alcohol. Within this range, the effect of the organic compound having a hydroxyl group is sufficiently exhibited, and problems such as thickening hardly occur, and target manganese oxide particles having a uniform particle diameter can be successfully obtained. For the same reason, when the organic compound having a hydroxyl group is a polymer compound, the concentration of the organic compound is preferably 0.005 to 10% by weight, particularly 0.01 to 5% by weight.
- the ratio of divalent manganese to the organic compound having a hydroxyl group in the mixed aqueous solution is preferably 0.01 to 1000, particularly preferably 0.03 to 500, expressed as Mn / OH (molar ratio). Within this range, it is difficult for unreacted Mn ions to remain in the liquid, and by-products such as Mn 3 O 4 and Mn (OH) 2 are difficult to precipitate.
- the mixed aqueous solution is heated.
- the heating temperature is preferably 50 to 105 ° C, particularly 70 to 100 ° C. If the heating temperature is within this range, the target manganese oxide can be produced without using a pressurizing device such as an autoclave and preventing the generation of unintended products Mn (OH) 2 and Mn 3 O 4. Particles can be obtained.
- an alkali (basic substance) is added to the mixed aqueous solution while the mixed aqueous solution is heated to a temperature within the above range. That is, the neutralization method is performed. By this operation, divalent manganese is neutralized.
- the alkali include alkali metal hydroxides such as sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide, alkaline earth metal hydroxides such as magnesium hydroxide, carbonates such as NaHCO 3 and NH 4 HCO 3 , ammonia, and the like. Can be mentioned.
- the mixed aqueous solution containing manganese (II) and the organic compound having a hydroxyl group is heated, preferably 0.1 to 3.0 times, more preferably the number of moles of manganese (II).
- the pH of the aqueous alkali solution is preferably such that the pH of the mixed aqueous solution after addition of the alkali is 2 to 12, particularly 4 to 11, particularly 7 to 11. If the pH of the mixed aqueous solution is within this range, it becomes easy to obtain the target manganese oxide particles.
- the upper limit of the pH is more preferably 9 or less, and particularly preferably 8.7 or less. By setting the pH to 9 or less, production of by-products such as Mn (OH) 2 can be suppressed.
- the aqueous alkali solution When adding an aqueous alkali solution to a mixed aqueous solution of divalent manganese and an organic compound having a hydroxyl group, the aqueous alkali solution is preferably added gradually over a predetermined time. When alkaline aqueous solution is added all at once, the target manganese oxide particles may not be generated, so care must be taken. When the alkaline aqueous solution is gradually added, it is preferable to adjust the addition rate of the alkaline aqueous solution so that the pH of the mixed aqueous solution is maintained within the above-described range.
- target manganese oxide particles are produced in the liquid.
- manganese oxyhydroxide, hydroxide, oxide and the like may coexist as by-products. Therefore, it is preferable to remove these by-products.
- the by-product is finer than the target manganese oxide particles, by means of a water tank using the difference in sedimentation speed between the target manganese oxide particles and the by-product, The intended manganese oxide particles and by-products are separated. It is possible to remove the by-products more reliably by performing the elutriation several times, or performing elutriation after highly dispersing the by-products in the liquid by ultrasonic irradiation or high-speed stirring. preferable.
- the manganese oxide particles obtained in this way can be easily removed of impurities by, for example, repulp washing. Washing is preferably performed until the conductivity of water as a dispersion medium is 2000 ⁇ S / cm or less, particularly 1000 ⁇ S / cm or less, from the viewpoint of sufficient removal of impurities.
- the filter cake after washing is dried with a hot air dryer and then crushed and classified to obtain target manganese oxide particles.
- the target manganese oxide particles can also be obtained by drying the filter cake after washing at 100 ° C. or lower under reduced pressure.
- the drying under reduced pressure is preferably performed at 5 hPa or less and 20 to 100 ° C. for 3 to 12 hours.
- the valence of manganese may change during drying and impurities may be generated. However, such a problem can be avoided if drying under reduced pressure.
- the following operation may be performed. That is, the dispersion of manganese oxide particles that has been washed to a predetermined conductivity by repulp washing is pulverized in a wet manner. Thereby, a dispersion of manganese oxide is obtained.
- a media mill such as a bead mill can be used. In this case, it becomes easy to bring the manganese oxide particles closer to the monodispersed state by adding various pH adjusters to the liquid and performing the pulverization operation. Moreover, you may add a pH adjuster after granulation.
- pH adjuster that can adjust the pH of the solution to 5 to 12.
- pH adjusters include acids such as inorganic acids (hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, etc.) and carboxylic acids (acetic acid, propionic acid, etc.), and alkalis such as organic amines represented by aqueous ammonia and ethanolamine.
- a dispersion of manganese oxide using water as a dispersion medium is obtained. If necessary, filtration may be performed to remove coarse particles.
- concentration of manganese oxide particles in this manganese oxide dispersion is preferably 0.1 to 50% by weight, particularly 1 to 40% by weight.
- Manganese oxide dispersion can be easily obtained. This dispersion can be used, for example, as an abrasive slurry for various substrates.
- an organic compound having a hydroxyl group is used in combination in the synthesis of the target manganese oxide, but instead of the above method, a method not using an organic compound having a hydroxyl group can be employed.
- the aqueous solution containing manganese (II) is preferably 0.1 to 3.0 times, more preferably 0.1 to 2.0 times the number of moles of manganese (II) under the heated state. times the number of moles of OH - are mixed amount of alkali (base) generated.
- the aqueous solution containing manganese (II) used in this production method the same aqueous solution containing manganese (II) used in the production method described above can be used. The same applies to the alkali.
- an aqueous solution containing manganese (II) (this aqueous solution does not contain an organic compound having a hydroxyl group) is heated.
- the heating temperature is preferably 50 to 105 ° C, particularly 70 to 100 ° C.
- An alkali is added while the aqueous solution is heated to a temperature in this range.
- divalent manganese is neutralized.
- this production method by adding an amount of alkali (base) that produces OH ⁇ in a mole number exceeding 3 times the mole number of manganese (II), a by-product such as Mn (OH) 2 is easily generated. The inconvenience will occur.
- the pH of the aqueous solution of the alkali is preferably such that the pH of the mixed aqueous solution after addition of the alkali is 2 to 12, particularly 4 to 11, particularly 7 to 11. If the pH of the mixed aqueous solution is within this range, it becomes easy to obtain the target manganese oxide particles.
- the upper limit of the pH is more preferably 9 or less, and particularly preferably 8.7 or less. By setting the pH to 9 or less, production of by-products such as Mn (OH) 2 can be suppressed.
- target manganese oxide particles are produced in the liquid. Thereafter, the same operation as the above-described method using the organic compound having a hydroxyl group in combination is performed. In this production method, the target manganese oxide particles are produced in the liquid as a precipitate, and since there are few by-products in this liquid, the produced precipitate is decanted and washed, and then separated into solid and liquid. Manganese oxide particles of the present invention can also be obtained.
- manganese oxide particles obtained by a method that does not use an organic compound having a hydroxyl group should be stored avoiding high temperature and high humidity (preferably stored at ⁇ 20 to 30 ° C. and a relative humidity of 50% or less). Thus, deterioration during dry powder storage can be prevented.
- any of the methods when the amount of alkali added is reduced, the yield tends to decrease, but there is an advantage that single-phase manganese oxide is easily obtained. More specifically, in the case of a method using an organic compound having a hydroxyl group in combination, it is easy to obtain single-phase manganese oxide when the pH of the mixed aqueous solution after alkali addition is 9 or less, particularly 7 to 9. Even in the case of a method that does not use an organic compound having a hydroxyl group, single-phase manganese oxide is easily obtained when the pH of the mixed aqueous solution after alkali addition is 9 or less, particularly 7 to 9.
- Manganese oxide particles obtained in this way take advantage of the fact that it has a layered crystal structure, so that the positive electrode material of a lithium secondary battery; a gas fixing agent; a semiconductor material component; a glass plate, a glass hard disk, Abrasives used for polishing silicon substrates, silicon carbide substrates and gallium nitride substrates for device manufacturing, sapphire substrates and silicon carbide substrates for LED manufacturing; inorganic ion exchangers; ion sieves; catalysts; paints; inks; It can also be used for a wide range of applications such as fields.
- Example 1 7.82 g of sodium hydroxide was dissolved in 492.2 g of pure water to prepare an aqueous alkali solution for neutralization. Separately, 0.5 g of polyvinyl alcohol (average polymerization degree 1500 (saponification degree 86-90 mol%), hereinafter referred to as “PVA”) was added to a 200 mL beaker containing 100.0 g of pure water, and the mixture was heated to 60 ° C. PVA aqueous solution was obtained by dissolving with heating. Separately, 371.8 g of pure water was put into a beaker, and 27.73 g of manganese sulfate pentahydrate was dissolved to obtain an aqueous manganese solution. Subsequently, the PVA aqueous solution prepared previously was added to the manganese aqueous solution in its entirety and mixed well. A mother liquor was thus obtained.
- PVA polyvinyl alcohol
- the mother liquor was heated to 90 ° C. while stirring with a paddle blade, and the entire amount of the previously prepared alkaline aqueous solution was fed into it with a tube pump (feed rate: about 5 mL / min). At this time, the pH of the mother liquor was 9-10. After the addition of the alkaline aqueous solution, aging was performed for 10 minutes to obtain a desired dispersion of manganese oxide particles.
- the dispersion was filtered using a filter paper (Advantech 5C). After filtration, 1 L of pure water was added and washed with water. The cake thus obtained was repulped into pure water, filtered and washed with water again. This operation was repeated three times to wash the target product.
- the washed cake was dried with a hot air dryer set at 120 ° C. for 10 hours, crushed with an agate mortar, and then classified with a SUS mesh having an opening of 75 ⁇ m. Powder XRD measurement was performed on the powder thus obtained. The result is shown in FIG. As is clear from the results shown in the figure, in addition to the peaks attributed to Mn 3 O 4 and Mn (OH) 2 , a sharp and high-intensity peak indicated by ⁇ appeared.
- SPS-3000 (trade name), an ICP emission spectroscopic analyzer manufactured by SII Nanotechnology, was used.
- O EMGA-620 (trade name), which is an oxygen / nitrogen analyzer manufactured by HORIBA, Ltd.
- EMIA-920V (trade name), a carbon / sulfur analyzer manufactured by HORIBA, Ltd., was used.
- the total of the chemical analysis values exceeds 100% because the same sample is quantified by different analysis methods. This analysis value is a value of the total amount of the target mixture of manganese oxide and Mn 3 O 4 .
- the manganese oxide particle obtained in the present Example was useful as a raw material of the positive electrode active material of a lithium secondary battery.
- 2.50 g of manganese oxide particles obtained in this example and 0.44 g of LiNO 3 were mixed well in a mortar and filled in an alumina boat. Firing in the atmosphere at 400 ° C. for 5 hours gave a positive electrode active material made of a lithium manganese composite oxide.
- 2.85 g of this positive electrode active material, 0.15 g of acetylene black and 0.33 g of polyvinylidene fluoride were weighed and mixed, and then 3 g of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone was added, followed by stirring and defoaming machine (Sinky To obtain a slurry.
- This slurry was applied to one surface of an 18 ⁇ m thick aluminum foil and then dried at 120 ° C. After drying, it was cut into a width of 6 cm and pressed with a roll press for 2 tons. Next, it was punched into a circle of ⁇ 14 mm and vacuum dried at 120 ° C. overnight to obtain a positive electrode.
- the amount of the positive electrode active material in this positive electrode was equivalent to 6 mg / cm 2 .
- Li foil was used as the counter electrode
- electrolytic solution a solution of 1 mol / L LiPF 6 dissolved in a 1: 1 volume% mixed solvent of ethylene carbonate and diethyl carbonate was used.
- a CR2032-type coin cell was produced in a glove box in an Ar atmosphere.
- a charge / discharge test was performed on the obtained coin cell.
- the battery was charged to 4.3 V (vs. Li + / Li) at a constant current (0.175 mA / cm 2 ), and then the current density was 0.035 mA / cm 2 at a constant voltage of 4.3 V.
- the battery was charged until:
- the discharge conditions were a constant current (0.175 mA / cm 2 ) and discharge to 2.0 V (vs. Li + / Li).
- the result is shown in FIG.
- the manganese oxide particles of the present invention have a large charge / discharge capacity.
- the manganese oxide particles of the present invention are useful as a positive electrode active material for a lithium secondary battery.
- Example 1 Particles were obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the PVA used in Example 1 was not used and an amount of alkali was added in an amount that produced OH ⁇ in 3.5 times the number of moles of manganese (II). Got.
- the powder XRD diffractogram of these particles is shown in FIG.
- Mn 67.4%
- O 30.5%
- S 0.3%
- Na 0.018%.
- Example 2 6.9 g of sodium hydroxide was dissolved in 393.1 g of pure water to prepare an aqueous alkali solution for neutralization. Separately, 27.7 g of manganese sulfate pentahydrate was dissolved in 472.3 g of pure water to obtain an aqueous manganese solution (mother liquor). The mother liquor was heated to 90 ° C. while stirring with a paddle blade, and the entire amount of the previously prepared alkaline aqueous solution was fed with a tube pump (feed rate: about 5 mL / min). At this time, the pH of the mother liquor was 8-9.
- the precipitate was washed with pure water by decantation until the electrical conductivity of the supernatant was 100 ⁇ S / cm or less, and after the washing was completed, solid-liquid separation was performed by vacuum filtration.
- the obtained solid was dried at 60 ° C. under reduced pressure (1 hPa or less) for 6 hours to obtain a brown powder.
- the obtained brown powder was subjected to powder XRD measurement. The result is shown in FIG. As is clear from the results shown in FIG. 1, a sharp and high-intensity peak corresponding to the peak indicated by ⁇ in FIG. 1 (results of powder XRD measurement of the manganese oxide powder of Example 1) appears, and FIG.
- the obtained brown powder was subjected to chemical analysis in the same manner as in Example 1.
- the manganese oxide particle obtained in the present Example was useful as a raw material of the positive electrode active material of a lithium secondary battery.
- 2.5 g of manganese oxide obtained in this example and 1.49 g of LiNO 3 were mixed well in a mortar and filled into an alumina boat.
- Lithium manganese composite oxide (LiMn 2 O 4 ) was obtained by firing at 260 ° C. in the air for 5 hours and then at 400 ° C. for 5 hours.
- XRD measurement of the obtained lithium manganese composite oxide powder was performed, it was found that Li 2 SO 4 and Mn 2 O 3 were contained in addition to the lithium manganese composite oxide.
- the powder of lithium manganese composite oxide is suspended in pure water and stirred for 1 hour to dissolve Li 2 SO 4 , and then solid-liquid separation is performed. Then, drying was performed in the atmosphere at 120 ° C. for 3 hours.
- the XRD measurement results before and after cleaning are shown in FIG. FIG. 5 shows that Li 2 SO 4 is removed after cleaning. Although Mn 2 O 3 has not been removed, the presence of Mn 2 O 3 is not particularly inconvenient when this lithium manganese composite oxide is used as a positive electrode active material for a lithium secondary battery. In addition, it was 0.4% when content S content after washing
- a lithium ion battery was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the washed lithium manganese composite oxide powder was used as the positive electrode active material, and a charge / discharge test of the produced lithium ion battery was performed. The results of the charge / discharge test are shown in FIG. As shown in the figure, the produced lithium lithium ion battery shows a large discharge capacity (the first discharge capacity is 190 mAh / g, the second discharge capacity is 178 mAh / g), and the manganese oxide particles of the present invention are lithium ions. It was confirmed that it was useful as a battery positive electrode material.
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Abstract
Description
マンガン(II)及び水酸基を有する有機化合物を含む水溶液を加熱した状態下に、該水溶液とアルカリとを混合することを特徴とする酸化マンガン粒子の製造方法を提供するものである。
マンガン(II)を含む水溶液を加熱した状態下に、マンガン(II)のモル数に対して0.1~3.0倍のモル数のOH-が生じる量のアルカリを混合することを特徴とする酸化マンガン粒子の製造方法を提供するものである。
・測定範囲 2θ(CuKα/deg.)=5~80°
・管電圧=50kV
・管電流=300mA
・サンプリング角=0.02°
・走査速度=4°/min
三角フラスコに、酸化マンガン粒子(試料)0.25g、シュウ酸(0.96%)水溶液50mlを加え、55~60℃に加熱し、試料を溶解させた。シュウ酸は、マンガンイオンを2価まで還元し、溶解させる。還元反応に使用されなかった余剰シュウ酸を0.1MのKMnO4水溶液で滴定し、採取試料中の還元反応量を求めた。別途ICPにて測定したMn含有量と還元反応量から、酸化マンガン粒子の価数を求めた。試料の溶解の際に使用したシュウ酸の量と、KMnO4水溶液による滴定により定量されたシュウ酸の量とが実質的に同じであれば、試料である酸化マンガン粒子におけるマンガンの価数は2価と判断することができる。
また、ESRによる2価のマンガンの同定は、以下の手順で行った。
装置はBRUKER社製Elexsys E580を用い、試料粉末を4mmφの石英管に充填し、測定を行った。測定温度:25℃、中心磁場:5050G、磁場掃引範囲:10000G、変調:100kHz、5G、マイクロ波:9.441GHz、1mW、掃引時間:335.54s×1回、時定数:163.84ns、データポイント数:2048points、キャビティー:TE011、円筒型の条件で測定を行い、Mn2+に起因するシグナル(g≧2)が観測されるかを確認した。
7.82gの水酸化ナトリウムを492.2gの純水に溶解し、中和用のアルカリ水溶液を調製した。これとは別に、純水100.0gが入った200mLのビーカーに、ポリビニルアルコール(平均重合度1500(鹸化度86~90mol%)、以下「PVA」という。)0.5gを加え、60℃に加熱しながら溶解させてPVA水溶液を得た。別にビーカーに371.8gの純水を入れ、硫酸マンガン五水和物27.73gを溶解させてマンガン水溶液を得た。次いで、先に準備したPVA水溶液を、このマンガン水溶液に全量加え、十分に混合した。このようにして母液を得た。
実施例1で用いたPVAを用いず、かつマンガン(II)のモル数に対して3.5倍のモル数のOH-が生じる量のアルカリを添加した以外は実施例1と同様にして粒子を得た。この粒子の粉末XRD回折図を図3に示す。同図から明らかなように、本比較例で得られた粒子においては、Mn3O4及びMn(OH)2に帰属されるピークのみが確認され、それら以外の物質に帰属されるピークは観察されなかった。この粒子を実施例1と同様に化学分析したところ、Mn=67.4%、O=30.5%、S=0.3%、Na=0.018%であった。
6.9gの水酸化ナトリウムを393.1gの純水に溶解し、中和用のアルカリ水溶液を調製した。これとは別に472.3gの純水に硫酸マンガン五水和物27.7gを溶解させてマンガン水溶液(母液)を得た。母液をパドル翼で撹拌しながら90℃に加熱し、この中に、先に準備したアルカリ水溶液をチューブポンプで全量フィードした(フィード速度:約5mL/min)。このとき母液のpHは8~9であった。アルカリ水溶液の添加終了後、10分間エージングを行い、目的とする酸化マンガン粒子を茶褐色沈殿として得た。尚、水酸化ナトリウムの添加量は、マンガン(II)のモル数に対して1.5倍のモル数のOH-が生じる量であった。
実施例1及び実施例2の酸化マンガン粒子それぞれを、60℃、相対湿度80%にて、4日間保管した。保管後の実施例1及び実施例2の酸化マンガン粒子の化学構造について分析したところ、実施例2の酸化マンガンでは、Mn3(OH)2(SO4)2二水和物及びMn3O4の生成が認められたが、実施例1の酸化マンガンでは、このような構造変化は認められなかった。
尚、実施例2の酸化マンガン粒子を、25℃のデシケーター中にて乾燥状態で保管したところ、半年以上経過しても構造変化は認められなかった。
Claims (6)
- a軸長が8.73±1Å、c軸長が14.86±1Åであり、六方晶又は六方晶類似の結晶構造を有することを特徴とする酸化マンガン粒子。
- 粉末XRD測定(Cu/Kα)において、少なくとも2θ(deg)=11.9±1°、24.0±1°及び36.3±1°に回折ピークを示す請求項1に記載の酸化マンガン粒子。
- ドーパント元素を実質的に含まない請求項1又は2に記載の酸化マンガン粒子。
- 請求項1に記載の酸化マンガン粒子の製造方法であって、
マンガン(II)及び水酸基を有する有機化合物を含む水溶液を加熱した状態下に、該水溶液とアルカリとを混合することを特徴とする酸化マンガン粒子の製造方法。 - 水酸基を有する有機化合物が、ポリビニルアルコール、ポリオール又は一価の低級アルコールである請求項4に記載の酸化マンガン粒子の製造方法。
- 請求項1に記載の酸化マンガン粒子の製造方法であって、
マンガン(II)を含む水溶液を加熱した状態下に、マンガン(II)のモル数に対して0.1~3.0倍のモル数のOH-が生じる量のアルカリを混合することを特徴とする酸化マンガン粒子の製造方法。
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WO2013018621A1 (ja) * | 2011-07-29 | 2013-02-07 | 三洋電機株式会社 | 非水電解質二次電池用正極活物質及びそれを用いた非水電解質二次電池 |
US20130040204A1 (en) * | 2011-08-08 | 2013-02-14 | Battelle Memorial Institute | Functional Nanocomposite Materials, Electrodes, and Energy Storage Systems |
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