WO2012014938A1 - 潤滑油基油および潤滑油組成物 - Google Patents
潤滑油基油および潤滑油組成物 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012014938A1 WO2012014938A1 PCT/JP2011/067115 JP2011067115W WO2012014938A1 WO 2012014938 A1 WO2012014938 A1 WO 2012014938A1 JP 2011067115 W JP2011067115 W JP 2011067115W WO 2012014938 A1 WO2012014938 A1 WO 2012014938A1
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- base oil
- ionic liquid
- lubricating base
- lubricating
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M105/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound
- C10M105/56—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound containing nitrogen
- C10M105/70—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound containing nitrogen as ring hetero atom
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M105/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound
- C10M105/72—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M105/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound
- C10M105/74—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound containing phosphorus
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M133/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen
- C10M133/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
- C10M133/38—Heterocyclic nitrogen compounds
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M137/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing phosphorus
- C10M137/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing phosphorus having no phosphorus-to-carbon bond
- C10M137/04—Phosphate esters
- C10M137/10—Thio derivatives
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M159/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being of unknown or incompletely defined constitution
- C10M159/12—Reaction products
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M171/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by purely physical criteria, e.g. containing as base-material, thickener or additive, ingredients which are characterised exclusively by their numerically specified physical properties, i.e. containing ingredients which are physically well-defined but for which the chemical nature is either unspecified or only very vaguely indicated
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M171/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by purely physical criteria, e.g. containing as base-material, thickener or additive, ingredients which are characterised exclusively by their numerically specified physical properties, i.e. containing ingredients which are physically well-defined but for which the chemical nature is either unspecified or only very vaguely indicated
- C10M171/04—Specified molecular weight or molecular weight distribution
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2215/02—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
- C10M2215/04—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
- C10M2215/041—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms used as base material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2215/02—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
- C10M2215/04—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
- C10M2215/042—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms containing hydroxy groups; Alkoxylated derivatives thereof
- C10M2215/0425—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms containing hydroxy groups; Alkoxylated derivatives thereof used as base material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2215/22—Heterocyclic nitrogen compounds
- C10M2215/2203—Heterocyclic nitrogen compounds used as base material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2215/22—Heterocyclic nitrogen compounds
- C10M2215/223—Five-membered rings containing nitrogen and carbon only
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2219/04—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing sulfur-to-oxygen bonds, i.e. sulfones, sulfoxides
- C10M2219/0406—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing sulfur-to-oxygen bonds, i.e. sulfones, sulfoxides used as base material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
- C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
- C10M2223/041—Triaryl phosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2223/06—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
- C10M2223/0603—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having phosphorus-to-carbon bonds used as base material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
- C10N2020/01—Physico-chemical properties
- C10N2020/02—Viscosity; Viscosity index
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
- C10N2020/01—Physico-chemical properties
- C10N2020/04—Molecular weight; Molecular weight distribution
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
- C10N2020/01—Physico-chemical properties
- C10N2020/077—Ionic Liquids
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/10—Inhibition of oxidation, e.g. anti-oxidants
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/12—Inhibition of corrosion, e.g. anti-rust agents or anti-corrosives
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/02—Bearings
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/30—Refrigerators lubricants or compressors lubricants
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a lubricating base oil and a lubricating oil composition containing an ionic liquid.
- Lubricating oils are generally composed of organic substances mainly composed of hydrocarbons, and lowering the viscosity inevitably increases the vapor pressure, increasing the evaporation loss of the lubricating oil and further increasing the risk of ignition.
- a lubricating oil for example, hydraulic hydraulic oil
- a precision motor used in recent information equipment for example, a hard disk
- lubricating oil that is difficult to evaporate and scatter is required in order to minimize the influence on peripheral precision equipment.
- an ionic liquid composed of a cation and an anion has excellent thermal stability and high ionic conductivity, and becomes a stable liquid even in air (for example, see Non-Patent Document 1).
- various applications, such as solar cells taking advantage of such features as the thermal stability (refractory volatility, flame retardancy), high ion density (high ion conductivity), large heat capacity, and low viscosity of such ionic liquids
- Application research is actively conducted as an electrolyte solution (see, for example, Patent Document 1), an extraction separation solvent, a reaction solvent, and the like. It has also been proposed to use such an ionic liquid as a lubricating base oil (see, for example, Patent Document 2).
- ionic liquids are not linked by intermolecular attractive forces like molecular liquids but by strong ionic bonds, ionic liquids are difficult to volatilize and are flame retardant, and are resistant to heat and oxidation. It is a stable liquid. Therefore, even if it has a low viscosity, it has a low evaporation property and is also excellent in heat resistance.
- the ionic liquid is a low viscosity, low vapor pressure and excellent heat resistance as a lubricating base oil, but the ionic liquid described in the examples of Patent Document 2 is likely to corrode metals in a high temperature environment. Not enough in terms. Thus, in patent document 2, it is not clear about what kind of cation and anion is optimal as an ionic liquid used for lubricating base oil.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a lubricating base oil having excellent properties and a lubricating oil composition using the lubricating base oil.
- the present invention provides the following lubricating base oil and lubricating oil composition. That is, the lubricating base oil of the present invention has the following general formula (1): Z + A ⁇ (1) (Z + means a cation, and A ⁇ means an anion.)
- a lubricating base oil containing at least one ionic liquid comprising a compound represented by the formula: wherein Z + is a cyclic quaternary ammonium ion having two different side chains, and A ⁇ is a conjugated amide ion. It is a feature.
- a ⁇ in the ionic liquid represented by the general formula (1) is selected from anions having a structure represented by the following general formula (2). preferable.
- n is an integer from 1 to 4
- m is an integer from 1 to 4, and they may be the same or different.
- Z + in the ionic liquid represented by the general formula (1) is selected from cations having a structure represented by the following general formula (3). preferable.
- n 1 or 2
- X is methylene or oxygen
- R 1 and R 2 each have an ether group, an ester group, a nitrile group, or a silyl group. To a group selected from alkyl groups of 1 to 12.
- the molecular weight of the ionic liquid is preferably 410 or more and 570 or less.
- the ionic liquid preferably has a 40 ° C. kinematic viscosity of 1 mm 2 / s to 100 mm 2 / s.
- the pour point of the ionic liquid is preferably 0 ° C. or lower.
- the lubricating oil composition of the present invention comprises an antioxidant, an oily agent, an extreme pressure agent, a cleaning dispersant, a viscosity index improver, a rust inhibitor, a metal deactivator, and an anti-oxidant. It is characterized by blending at least one of foaming agents.
- the lubricating oil composition of the present invention is preferably used for lubricating oil-impregnated bearings, fluid bearings, vacuum equipment, and semiconductor manufacturing equipment.
- a lubricating base oil having low vapor pressure, low vapor pressure, no risk of ignition, excellent heat resistance, corrosion resistance to metals at high temperatures, and excellent low-temperature fluidity.
- a lubricating oil composition using this lubricating base oil can be provided.
- the lubricating base oil of the present invention comprises one or more ionic liquids described below.
- the ionic liquid used in the present invention has the following general formula (1): Z + A ⁇ (1) (Z + means a cation, and A ⁇ means an anion.) It is an ionic liquid which consists of a compound represented by these. In such an ionic liquid, it is necessary that in the general formula (1), Z + is a cyclic quaternary ammonium ion having two different side chains, and A ⁇ is a conjugated amide ion.
- a ⁇ in the general formula (1) is preferably selected from anions having a structure represented by the following general formula (2).
- n is an integer from 1 to 4, and is preferably 1 or 2 from the viewpoint of the molecular weight of the ionic liquid.
- M is an integer from 1 to 4, and is preferably 1 or 2 from the viewpoint of the molecular weight of the ionic liquid.
- m and n may be the same or different.
- the anion having the structure represented by the general formula (2) include bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) amide, bis (pentafluoroethanesulfonyl) amide, bis (heptafluoropropanesulfonyl) amide, and bis (nonafluorobutane).
- Sulfonyl) amide trifluoromethanesulfonyl (pentafluoroethanesulfonyl) amide, pentafluoroethanesulfonyl (heptafluoropropanesulfonyl) amide, heptafluoropropanesulfonyl (nonafluorobutanesulfonyl) amide, trifluoromethanesulfonyl (heptafluoropropanesulfonyl) amide, Pentafluoroethanesulfonyl (nonafluorobutanesulfonyl) amide, trifluoromethanesulfonyl (nonafluorobutanesulfonyl) a De, and the like.
- bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) amide bis (pentafluoroethanesulfonyl) amide, and trifluoromethanesulfonyl (pentafluoroethanesulfonyl) amide are preferable, and bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) amide is preferable. Particularly preferred.
- Z + in the general formula (1) is preferably selected from cations having a structure represented by the following general formula (3).
- R 1 and R 2 are groups selected from an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms which may have an ether group (ether bond), an ester group (ester bond), a nitrile group, or a silyl group.
- the number of carbon atoms of such an alkyl group is more preferably from 1 to 6, more preferably from 1 to 4, from the viewpoint of reducing the viscosity of the ionic liquid and improving the heat resistance (high-temperature oxidation stability). Particularly preferred.
- Examples of the cation having the structure represented by the general formula (3) include 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium, 1-pentyl-1methylpyrrolidinium, 1-hexyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium, -Heptyl-1methylpyrrolidinium, 1-octyl-1methylpyrrolidinium, 1-nonyl-1methylpyrrolidinium, 1-decyl-1methylpyrrolidinium, 1-undecyl-1methylpyrrolidinium, -Dodecyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium, 1- (2-methoxyethyl) -1-methylpyrrolidinium, 1- (2-methoxy-2-oxoethyl) -1-methylpyrrolidinium, 1-cyanomethyl-1- Methylpyrrolidinium, 1-trimethylsilylmethyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium, 1-butyl-1-methylpiperidinium, 1-pentyl-1- Methylpiperidinium, 1-hexyl-1-
- 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium, 1-pentyl-1methylpyrrolidinium, 1-hexyl- from the viewpoint of reducing the viscosity of the ionic liquid and improving heat resistance (high-temperature oxidation stability).
- the molecular weight of the ionic liquid is preferably 410 or more and 570 or less, more preferably 410 or more and 470 or less, and particularly preferably 420 or more and 440 or less.
- the charge density and the alkyl chain of the cation are in an appropriate range, and the viscosity of the ionic liquid can be reduced and the heat resistance (high-temperature oxidation stability) can be improved.
- the pour point of the ionic liquid is preferably 0 ° C. or less, more preferably ⁇ 10 ° C. or less, and particularly preferably ⁇ 20 ° C. or less from the viewpoint of suppressing an increase in viscous resistance at low temperatures. preferable.
- the acid value of the ionic liquid is preferably 1 mgKOH / g or less, more preferably 0.5 mgKOH / g or less, and 0.3 mgKOH / g or less from the viewpoint of preventing corrosion of the lubricated oil material. It is particularly preferred.
- the flash point of the ionic liquid is preferably 200 ° C. or higher, more preferably 250 ° C. or higher, and particularly preferably 300 ° C. or higher from the viewpoint of reducing the evaporation amount of the base oil.
- the viscosity index of the ionic liquid is preferably 80 or more, more preferably 100 or more, and particularly preferably 120 or more, from the viewpoint of preventing a viscosity change with respect to temperature from becoming too large.
- the ionic liquid preferably has ion concentration measured at 20 ° C. is 1 mol / dm 3 or more, more preferably 1.5 mol / dm 3 or more, particularly preferably 2 mol / dm 3 or more .
- the ion concentration is a value calculated by [density (g / cm 3 ) / molecular weight Mw (g / mol)] ⁇ 1000 in the ionic liquid.
- the ion concentration of the ionic liquid is less than 1 mol / dm 3 , the low evaporation property and heat resistance, which are the characteristics of the ionic liquid, are lowered, which is not preferable.
- the lubricating base oil of the present invention contains one or more of the ionic liquids described above, but the lubricating base oil of the present invention contains other components (for example, ethyl acetate) other than the ionic liquid. May be.
- the ratio of the ionic liquid in the lubricating base oil is preferably 50% by mass or more, and more preferably 70% by mass or more. Preferably, it is still more preferably 90% by mass or more, and particularly preferably 100% by mass.
- the lubricating base oil of the present invention can be used in various applications as a lubricating oil composition by blending predetermined additives.
- the additive include an antioxidant, an oily agent, an extreme pressure agent, a cleaning dispersant, a viscosity index improver, a rust inhibitor, a metal deactivator, and an antifoaming agent. These can be used individually by 1 type or in combination of 2 or more types.
- a lubricant base oil may be used as it is as a lubricant without adding an additive.
- the antioxidant amine-based antioxidants, phenol-based antioxidants, phosphorus-based antioxidants, and sulfur-based antioxidants that are used in conventional hydrocarbon-based lubricating oils can be used.
- antioxidants can be used singly or in combination of two or more.
- examples of amine antioxidants include monoalkyl diphenylamine compounds such as monooctyl diphenylamine and monononyl diphenylamine, 4,4′-dibutyldiphenylamine, 4,4′-dipentyldiphenylamine, 4,4′-dihexyldiphenylamine, 4 , 4'-diheptyldiphenylamine, 4,4'-dioctyldiphenylamine, dialkyldiphenylamine compounds such as 4,4'-dinonyldiphenylamine, polyalkyl such as tetrabutyldiphenylamine, tetrahexyldiphenylamine, tetraoctyldiphenylamine, tetranonyldiphenylamine Diphenylamine compounds, ⁇ -naphthylamine, phenyl- ⁇ -naph
- phenolic antioxidant examples include monophenolic compounds such as 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol and 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-ethylphenol, 4,4 ′ And diphenol compounds such as -methylenebis (2,6-di-tert-butylphenol) and 2,2'-methylenebis (4-ethyl-6-tert-butylphenol).
- sulfur-based antioxidants examples include 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4- (4,6-bis (octylthio) -1,3,5-triazin-2-ylamino) phenol, phosphorus pentasulfide, and the like.
- Examples thereof include thioterpene compounds such as a reaction product with pinene, and dialkylthiodipropionates such as dilauryl thiodipropionate and distearyl thiodipropionate.
- Examples of phosphorus antioxidants include triphenyl phosphite, diethyl [3,5-bis (1,1-dimethylethyl) -4-hydroxyphenyl] methyl] phosphonate, and the like. The blending amount of these antioxidants is usually 0.01% by mass or more and 10% by mass or less, preferably 0.03% by mass or more and 5% by mass or less, based on the total amount of the lubricating oil.
- oily agent examples include aliphatic alcohols, fatty acid compounds such as fatty acids and fatty acid metal salts, ester compounds such as polyol esters, sorbitan esters, and glycerides, and amine compounds such as aliphatic amines.
- the blending amount of these oil-based agents is usually 0.1% by mass or more and 30% by mass or less, and preferably 0.5% by mass or more and 10% by mass or less based on the total amount of the lubricating oil from the viewpoint of the blending effect.
- the extreme pressure agent examples include a sulfur-based extreme pressure agent, a phosphorus-based extreme pressure agent, an extreme pressure agent containing sulfur and a metal, and an extreme pressure agent containing phosphorus and a metal. These extreme pressure agents can be used singly or in combination of two or more. Any extreme pressure agent may be used as long as it contains at least one of a sulfur atom and a phosphorus atom in the molecule and can exhibit load resistance and wear resistance.
- extreme pressure agents containing sulfur in the molecule include sulfurized fats and oils, sulfurized fatty acids, sulfurized esters, sulfurized olefins, dihydrocarbyl polysulfides, thiadiazole compounds, alkylthiocarbamoyl compounds, triazine compounds, thioterpene compounds, dialkylthiodipropionate compounds, etc. Can be mentioned.
- the blending amount of these extreme pressure agents is usually 0.01% by mass or more and 30% by mass or less, more preferably 0.01% by mass or more and 10% by mass or more based on the total amount of the composition from the viewpoint of blending effect and economy. It is as follows.
- Examples of the cleaning dispersant include metal sulfonate, metal salicylate, metal finate, and succinimide.
- the blending amount of these detergent dispersants is usually 0.1% by mass or more and 30% by mass or less, and preferably 0.5% by mass or more and 10% by mass or less based on the total amount of the composition from the viewpoint of the blending effect.
- Examples of the viscosity index improver include polymethacrylate, dispersed polymethacrylate, olefin copolymer (for example, ethylene-propylene copolymer), dispersed olefin copolymer, styrene copolymer (for example, Styrene-diene hydrogenated copolymer, etc.).
- the blending amount of these viscosity index improvers is usually 0.5% by mass or more and 35% by mass or less, and preferably 1% by mass or more and 15% by mass or less based on the total amount of the lubricating oil from the viewpoint of the blending effect.
- the rust inhibitor include metal sulfonates, succinic acid esters, alkylamines and alkanolamines such as monoisopropanolamine.
- the blending amount of these rust preventives is usually 0.01% by mass or more and 10% by mass or less, and preferably 0.05% by mass or more and 5% by mass or less based on the total amount of the lubricating oil from the viewpoint of the blending effect.
- Examples of the metal deactivator include benzotriazole and thiadiazole.
- the preferred compounding amount of these metal deactivators is usually 0.01% by mass or more and 10% by mass or less, preferably 0.01% by mass or more and 1% by mass or less, based on the total amount of the lubricating oil, from the viewpoint of the blending effect.
- Examples of the antifoaming agent include methyl silicone oil, fluorosilicone oil, and polyacrylate.
- the blending amount of these antifoaming agents is usually 0.0005% by mass or more and 0.01% by mass or less based on the total amount of the lubricating oil from the viewpoint of the blending effect.
- the moisture content is preferably 3000 ppm by mass or less, more preferably 500 ppm by mass or less, and particularly preferably, on the basis of the composition. It is 100 mass ppm or less.
- the lubricating base oil of the present invention has very low corrosiveness to metals, and even if it has a low viscosity, its vapor pressure is low and there is no risk of ignition.
- the lubricating oil composition can be applied to various fields.
- an internal combustion engine such as an engine, a fluid coupling, an automatic transmission (AT) or a torque transmission device represented by a continuously variable transmission (CVT), a bearing (slide bearing, rolling bearing, oil impregnation or (Impregnated bearings, fluid bearings), compressors such as compressors, chains, gears, hydraulic devices, vacuum pumps, watch parts, hard disks, aerospace equipment such as aircraft and artificial satellites, sealing devices, and motor equipment.
- the present invention is also applicable to rolling devices such as ball screws and rolling guide surfaces, rotation transmission devices with built-in clutches, power steering devices, reciprocating compressors, and turbochargers.
- the present invention is suitable for machine materials made of iron, copper, aluminum, zinc, and the like.
- stainless steel (martensitic, ferritic, austenitic) known as corrosion resistant materials, ceramic materials (silicon nitride (Si 3 N 4 ), silicon carbide (SiC), alumina (Al 2 O 3 ), aluminum nitride ( When using AlN), boron carbide (B 4 C), titanium boride (TiB 2 ), boron nitride (BN), titanium carbide (TiC), titanium nitride (TiN), zirconia (ZrO 2 ), etc. It is suitable when using a material whose surface has been subjected to various coating treatments such as DLC (diamond-like carbon) treatment.
- DLC diamond-like carbon
- the present invention is suitably used for an apparatus that performs physical vapor deposition (PVD) and an apparatus that performs chemical vapor deposition (CVD).
- the physical vapor deposition include vacuum vapor deposition, sputtering, ion plating, and ion implantation using various ion guns.
- vacuum deposition include electron beam deposition, ion-assisted electron beam deposition, arc deposition, and the like in addition to general resistance heating deposition.
- These physical vapor depositions may be used in combination.
- Examples of CVD include thermal CVD, plasma CVD, photo CVD, epitaxial CVD, and atomic layer CVD.
- These chemical vapor depositions may be used in combination, or may be used in combination with physical vapor deposition.
- a physical vapor deposition apparatus and a chemical vapor deposition apparatus using the lubricating base oil (lubricating oil composition) of the present invention are suitable for manufacturing display elements, for example.
- the bearing has an outer diameter of 12 mm and a thickness of 4 mm. And metal corrosivity was evaluated based on the criteria shown below. A: There is no metal elution and no corrosion. B: Slightly brown or black eluate is observed (slightly corroded). C: There is a brownish brown or black eluate (corrosion occurs).
- Ionic liquid The following ionic liquids were synthesized or prepared as follows.
- Ionic liquid 1 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) amide
- 1-methylpyrrolidine 50 g, 0.585 mol
- 2-propanol 70 mL
- 1-Bromobutane 96.5 g, 0.705 mol
- halogen 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium bromide
- the halogen body (113 g, 0.510 mol) and pure water (110 mL) are added to a 1 L flask, and lithium bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide (151 g, 0.525 mol) is added to pure water (150 mL).
- the dissolved aqueous solution was added dropwise.
- the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for about 1 hour, transferred to a 1 L separatory funnel, extracted by adding methylene chloride (230 mL), and the collected methylene chloride solution was washed several times with pure water. After washing, an aqueous layer (range from 1 mL to 2 mL) was collected and reacted with a 0.5 M aqueous silver nitrate solution (1 mL) to confirm the presence or absence of precipitation (if a white precipitate was observed, bromide ions were completely removed.
- the mixture was concentrated with a rotary evaporator, a small amount of activated carbon was added, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 day.
- the mixture was passed through a column of neutral alumina and heated and stirred (60 ° C., 4 hours) while reducing the pressure with a vacuum pump to obtain the target compound (212 g, 0.50 mol).
- the chemical formula of this compound is shown below.
- Ionic liquid 2 1-hexyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) amide
- 1-bromohexane 116 g, 0.705 mol
- 1-hexyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium bromide 117 g, 0.468 mol
- the target compound 202 g, 0.449 mol
- the chemical formula of this compound is shown below.
- Ionic liquid 3 1- (2-methoxyethyl) -1-methylpyrrolidinium bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) amide
- 2-iodoethyl methyl ether 1- (2-methoxyethyl) -1-methylpyrrolidinium iodide (146 g, 0.538 mol) was obtained in the same manner except that (131 g, 0.705 mol) was used.
- the target compound (212 g, 0.500 mol) was obtained in the same manner as in the synthesis of ionic liquid 1, except that this quaternary salt was used instead of 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium bromide.
- the chemical formula of this compound is shown below.
- Ionic liquid 4 1-butyl-1-methylpiperidinium bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) amide
- 1-methylpiperidine instead of using 1-methylpyrrolidine, 1-methylpiperidine (58 g, 0.585 mol)
- 1-butyl-1-methylpiperidinium bromide 137 g, 0.579 mol
- the target compound 250 g, 0.573 mol
- the chemical formula of this compound is shown below.
- Ionic liquid 5 1- (2-methoxyethyl) -1-methylpiperidinium bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) amide
- 1-methylpiperidine 1- (2-methoxyethyl) -1-methylpiperidinium iodide (161 g, 0.563 mol) was obtained in the same manner except that the reaction was conducted at 60 ° C. It was.
- the target compound (241 g, 0.549 mol) was obtained in the same manner as in the synthesis of ionic liquid 1, except that this quaternary salt was used instead of 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium bromide.
- the chemical formula of this compound is shown below.
- Ionic liquid 6 1- (2-methoxyethyl) -1-methylmorpholinium bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) amide
- 1-methylmorpholine 1- (2-methoxyethyl) -1-methylmorpholinium iodide (145 g, 0.505 mol) was obtained in the same manner except that the reaction was performed at 80 ° C. It was.
- the target compound (202 g, 0.460 mol) was obtained in the same manner as in the synthesis of ionic liquid 1, except that this quaternary salt was used instead of 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium bromide.
- the chemical formula of this compound is shown below.
- Ionic liquid 7 1-butylpyridinium bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) amide
- pyridine 46 g, 0.585 mol
- 2-propanol was used instead of using 1-methylpyrrolidine
- 1-Butylpyridinium bromide 125 g, 0.579 mol
- the target compound (234 g, 0.562 mol) was obtained in the same manner as in the synthesis of ionic liquid 1, except that this quaternary salt was used instead of 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium bromide.
- the chemical formula of this compound is shown below.
- Ionic liquid 8 N, N-diethyl-N-methyl-N- (2-methoxyethyl) ammonium bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) amide This ionic liquid 8 was purchased from Kanto Chemical Co., Inc. The chemical formula of this compound is shown below.
- Ionic liquid 9 N, N, N-trimethyl-N-pentylammonium bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) amide Trimethylamine 3.2M methanol solution (183 mL, 0.585 mol), 1-iodo in a 1 L flask under nitrogen atmosphere Pentane (89 g, 0.449 mol) was added and allowed to react for several hours at room temperature. After completion of the reaction, the solvent was removed under reduced pressure, and the residue was washed several times with ethyl acetate and acetonitrile.
- N, N, N-trimethyl-N-pentylammonium iodide was obtained by drying for several hours while reducing the pressure with a vacuum pump (89 g, 0.346 mol).
- the target compound (138 g, 0.336 mol) was obtained in the same manner as in the synthesis of ionic liquid 1, except that this quaternary salt was used instead of 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium bromide.
- the chemical formula of this compound is shown below.
- Ionic liquid 11 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) amide 1-methylimidazole (173 g, 2.100 mol), 1-chlorobutane (234 g, 2. 528 mol) was added and reacted at 90 ° C. for several hours. After completion of the reaction, recrystallization was performed with ethyl acetate and acetonitrile, and the crystals obtained by filtration were dried at 40 ° C. for several hours while reducing the pressure with a vacuum pump to obtain 1-butyl-1-methylimidazolium chloride (352 g). 2.016 mol).
- the target compound (837 g, 1.996 mol) was obtained in the same manner as in the synthesis of ionic liquid 1, except that this quaternary salt was used in place of 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium bromide.
- the chemical formula of this compound is shown below.
- Ionic liquid 13 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium trifluoromethanesulfonate 1-butylpyrrolidine (34 g, 0.267 mol) and toluene (230 mL) were added to a 1 L flask under a nitrogen atmosphere. A mixed solution of methyl triflate (43 g, 0.262 mol) and toluene (100 mL) was added dropwise thereto at 0 ° C., and reacted at the same temperature for several hours. After completion of the reaction, it was washed several times with toluene and treated with activated carbon. This mixture was passed through a column of neutral alumina and heated and stirred (60 ° C., 4 hours) while reducing the pressure with a vacuum pump to obtain the desired product (68 g, 0.233 mol). The chemical formula of this compound is shown below.
- Example 1 to Example 8 and Comparative Example 1 to Comparative Example 7 Using the above ionic liquid and the additives shown below, a lubricating base oil or lubricating oil composition was prepared according to the formulation shown in Tables 1 and 2, and the above properties (kinematic viscosity, viscosity index, pour point, 5% mass loss temperature, friction characteristics, metal corrosivity) were evaluated or measured. The results are shown in Tables 1 and 2 together with the formulation.
- Extreme pressure agent tricresyl phosphate metal deactivator: benzotriazole
- the lubricating base oils or lubricating oil compositions obtained in Examples 1 to 8 are less likely to corrode metals at high temperatures and have low temperature fluidity. It was confirmed that the heat resistance and lubricity were also good.
- an ionic liquid that does not satisfy the condition that the cation is a cyclic quaternary ammonium ion having two different side chains and the anion is a conjugated amide ion is used. Although excellent in heat resistance and lubricity, it was confirmed that the metal corrosion resistance at high temperature and the low temperature fluidity are not compatible, and it is not suitable as a lubricating base oil.
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Abstract
Description
一方、近年、カチオンとアニオンとから構成されたイオン液体が優れた熱安定性と高いイオン伝導性を有し、空気中でも安定な液体となることが報告されている(例えば、非特許文献1参照)。そして、このようなイオン液体の熱安定性(難揮発性、難燃性)、高イオン密度(高イオン伝導性)、大熱容量、低粘度などの特徴を活かして様々な用途、例えば太陽電池などの電解液(例えば、特許文献1参照)、抽出分離溶媒、反応溶媒などとして応用研究が積極的に行われている。
また、このようなイオン液体を潤滑油基油として用いることも提案されている(例えば、特許文献2参照)。イオン液体は、分子間が分子性液体のように分子間引力で結びついているのではなく、強力なイオン結合で結びついているため、揮発し難く、難燃性であり、熱や酸化に対して安定な液体である。そのため、低粘度であっても低蒸発性であり、さらに耐熱性にも優れている。
すなわち、本発明の潤滑油基油は、下記一般式(1):
Z+A-…(1)
(Z+はカチオンを意味し、A-はアニオンを意味する。)
で表される化合物からなるイオン液体を一種類以上含む潤滑油基油であって、Z+が2つの異なる側鎖を有する環状4級アンモニウムイオンであり、A-が共役アミドイオンであることを特徴とするものである。
本発明の潤滑油基油においては、前記イオン液体の40℃動粘度が1mm2/s以上100mm2/s以下であることが好ましい。
本発明の潤滑油基油においては、前記イオン液体の流動点が0℃以下であることが好ましい。
本発明の潤滑油組成物は、含油軸受、流体軸受、真空機器および半導体製造装置の潤滑に用いられるものであることが好ましい。
本発明に用いるイオン液体は、下記一般式(1):
Z+A-…(1)
(Z+はカチオンを意味し、A-はアニオンを意味する。)
で表される化合物からなるイオン液体である。
そして、このようなイオン液体においては、前記一般式(1)において、Z+が2つの異なる側鎖を有する環状4級アンモニウムイオンであり、A-が共役アミドイオンであることが必要である。
前記一般式(2)で表される構造を有するアニオンとしては、例えば、ビス(トリフルオロメタンスルホニル)アミド、ビス(ペンタフルオロエタンスルホニル)アミド、ビス(ヘプタフルオロプロパンスルホニル)アミド、ビス(ノナフルオロブタンスルホニル)アミド、トリフルオロメタンスルホニル(ペンタフルオロエタンスルホニル)アミド、ペンタフルオロエタンスルホニル(ヘプタフルオロプロパンスルホニル)アミド、ヘプタフルオロプロパンスルホニル(ノナフルオロブタンスルホニル)アミド、トリフルオロメタンスルホニル(ヘプタフルオロプロパンスルホニル)アミド、ペンタフルオロエタンスルホニル(ノナフルオロブタンスルホニル)アミド、トリフルオロメタンスルホニル(ノナフルオロブタンスルホニル)アミドが挙げられる。これらの中でも、イオン液体の分子量の観点から、ビス(トリフルオロメタンスルホニル)アミド、ビス(ペンタフルオロエタンスルホニル)アミド、トリフルオロメタンスルホニル(ペンタフルオロエタンスルホニル)アミドが好ましく、ビス(トリフルオロメタンスルホニル)アミドが特に好ましい。
前記一般式(3)で表される構造を有するカチオンとしては、1-ブチル-1-メチルピロリジニウム、1-ペンチル-1メチルピロリジニウム、1-ヘキシル-1-メチルピロリジニウム、1-ヘプチル-1メチルピロリジニウム、1-オクチル-1メチルピロリジニウム、1-ノニル-1メチルピロリジニウム、1-デシル-1メチルピロリジニウム、1-ウンデシル-1メチルピロリジニウム、1-ドデシル-1メチルピロリジニウム、1-(2-メトキシエチル)-1-メチルピロリジニウム、1-(2-メトキシ-2-オキソエチル)-1-メチルピロリジニウム、1-シアノメチル-1-メチルピロリジニウム、1-トリメチルシリルメチル-1-メチルピロリジニウム、1-ブチル-1-メチルピペリジニウム、1-ペンチル-1-メチルピペリジニウム、1-ヘキシル-1-メチルピペリジニウム、1-ヘプチル-1-メチルピペリジニウム、1-オクチル-1-メチルピペリジニウム、1-ノニル-1-メチルピペリジニウム、1-デシル-1-メチルピペリジニウム、1-ウンデシル-1-メチルピペリジニウム、1-ドデシル-1-メチルピペリジニウム、1-(2-メトキシエチル)-1-メチルピペリジニウム、1-(2-メトキシ-2-オキソエチル)-1-メチルピペリジニウム、1-シアノメチル-1-メチルピペリジニウム、1-トリメチルシリルメチル-1-メチルピペリジニウム、1-ブチル-1-メチルモルホリニウム、1-ペンチル-1-メチルモルホリニウム、1-ヘキシル-1-メチルモルホリニウム、1-ヘプチル-1-メチルモルホリニウム、1-オクチル-1-メチルモルホリニウム、1-ノニル-1-メチルモルホリニウム、1-デシル-1-メチルモルホリニウム、1-ウンデシル-1-メチルモルホリニウム、1-ドデシル-1-メチルモルホリニウム、1-(2-メトキシエチル)-1-メチルモルホリニウム、1-(2-メトキシ-2-オキソエチル)-1-メチルモルホリニウム、1-シアノメチル-1-メチルモルホリニウム、1-トリメチルシリルメチル-1-メチルモルホリニウムが挙げられる。これらの中でも、イオン液体の低粘度化や耐熱性(高温酸化安定性)の向上という観点から、1-ブチル-1-メチルピロリジニウム、1-ペンチル-1メチルピロリジニウム、1-ヘキシル-1-メチルピロリジニウム、1-(2-メトキシエチル)-1-メチルピロリジニウム、1-ブチル-1-メチルピペリジニウム、1-(2-メトキシエチル)-1-メチルピペリジニウム、1-(2-メトキシエチル)-1-メチルモルホリニウムが好ましく、1-ブチル-1-メチルピロリジニウム、1-(2-メトキシエチル)-1-メチルピロリジニウム、1-(2-メトキシエチル)-1-メチルピペリジニウムが特に好ましい。
前記イオン液体の40℃における動粘度は、蒸発損失、および粘性抵抗による動力損失を抑えるという観点から、1mm2/s以上100mm2/s以下であることが好ましく、10mm2/s以上70mm2/s以下であることがより好ましく、20mm2/s以上40mm2/s以下であることが特に好ましい。
前記イオン液体の流動点は、低温時に粘性抵抗が増大することを抑える点から、0℃以下であることが好ましく、-10℃以下であることがより好ましく、-20℃以下であることが特に好ましい。
前記イオン液体の引火点は、基油の蒸発量を少なくするという観点から、200℃以上であることが好ましく、250℃以上であることがより好ましく、300℃以上であることが特に好ましい。
前記イオン液体の粘度指数は、温度に対する粘度変化が大きくなりすぎないようにするという観点から、80以上であることが好ましく、100以上であることがより好ましく、120以上であることが特に好ましい。
酸化防止剤としては、従来の炭化水素系潤滑油に使用されているアミン系酸化防止剤、フェノール系酸化防止剤およびリン系酸化防止剤,硫黄系酸化防止剤を使用することができる。これらの酸化防止剤は、一種を単独でまたは二種以上を組み合わせて用いることができる。アミン系酸化防止剤としては、例えば、モノオクチルジフェニルアミン、モノノニルジフェニルアミンなどのモノアルキルジフェニルアミン系化合物、4,4’-ジブチルジフェニルアミン、4,4’-ジペンチルジフェニルアミン、4,4’-ジヘキシルジフェニルアミン、4,4’-ジヘプチルジフェニルアミン、4,4’-ジオクチルジフェニルアミン、4,4’-ジノニルジフェニルアミンなどのジアルキルジフェニルアミン系化合物、テトラブチルジフェニルアミン、テトラヘキシルジフェニルアミン、テトラオクチルジフェニルアミン、テトラノニルジフェニルアミンなどのポリアルキルジフェニルアミン系化合物、α-ナフチルアミン、フェニル-α-ナフチルアミン、ブチルフェニル-α-ナフチルアミン、ペンチルフェニル-α-ナフチルアミン、ヘキシルフェニル-α-ナフチルアミン、ヘプチルフェニル-α-ナフチルアミン、オクチルフェニル-α-ナフチルアミン、ノニルフェニル-α-ナフチルアミンなどのナフチルアミン系化合物が挙げられる。
硫黄系酸化防止剤としては、例えば、2,6-ジ-tert-ブチル-4-(4,6-ビス(オクチルチオ)-1,3,5-トリアジン-2-イルアミノ)フェノール、五硫化リンとピネンとの反応物などのチオテルペン系化合物、ジラウリルチオジプロピオネート、ジステアリルチオジプロピオネートなどのジアルキルチオジプロピオネートなどが挙げられる。
リン系酸化防止剤としては、トリフェニルフォスファイト,ジエチル[3,5-ビス(1,1-ジメチルエチル)-4-ヒドロキシフェニル]メチル]ホスフォネートなどが挙げられる。
これらの酸化防止剤の配合量は、潤滑油全量基準で、通常0.01質量%以上10質量%以下であり、好ましくは0.03質量%以上5質量%以下である。
硫黄、リンおよび金属を含む極圧剤としては、ジアルキルチオカルバミン酸亜鉛(Zn-DTC)、ジアルキルチオカルバミン酸モリブデン(Mo-DTC)、ジアルキルチオカルバミン酸鉛、ジアルキルチオカルバミン酸錫、ジアルキルジチオリン酸亜鉛(Zn-DTP)、ジアルキルジチオリン酸モリブデン(Mo-DTP)、ナトリウムスルホネート、カルシウムスルホネートなどが挙げられる。分子中にリンを含む極圧剤として代表的なものは、トリクレジルフォスフェートなどのリン酸エステル類およびそのアミン塩である。これら極圧剤の配合量は、配合効果および経済性の点から、組成物全量基準で、通常0.01質量%以上30質量%以下であり、より好ましくは0.01質量%以上10質量%以下である。
粘度指数向上剤としては、例えば、ポリメタクリレート、分散型ポリメタクリレート、オレフィン系共重合体(例えば、エチレン-プロピレン共重合体など)、分散型オレフィン系共重合体、スチレン系共重合体(例えば、スチレン-ジエン水素化共重合体など)などが挙げられる。これら粘度指数向上剤の配合量は、配合効果の点から、潤滑油全量基準で、通常0.5質量%以上35質量%以下であり、好ましくは1質量%以上15質量%以下である。
防錆剤としては、金属系スルホネート、コハク酸エステル、アルキルアミンおよびモノイソプロパノールアミンなどのアルカノールアミンなどを挙げることができる。これら防錆剤の配合量は、配合効果の点から、潤滑油全量基準で、通常0.01質量%以上10質量%以下であり、好ましくは0.05質量%以上5質量%以下である。
金属不活性剤としては、ベンゾトリアゾール、チアジアゾールなどを挙げることができる。これら金属不活性化剤の好ましい配合量は、配合効果の点から、潤滑油全量基準で、通常0.01質量%以上10質量%以下であり、好ましくは0.01質量%以上1質量%以下である。
消泡剤としては、メチルシリコーン油、フルオロシリコーン油、ポリアクリレートなどを挙げることができる。これらの消泡剤の配合量は、配合効果の点から、潤滑油全量基準で、通常0.0005質量%以上0.01質量%以下である。
例えば、エンジンなどの内燃機関、流体継手や自動変速機(AT:Automatic Transmission)あるいは無段変速機(CVT:Continuously Variable Transmission)に代表されるトルク伝達装置、軸受(すべり軸受、転がり軸受、含油あるいは含浸軸受、流体軸受)、コンプレッサーなどの圧縮装置、チェーン、歯車、油圧装置、真空ポンプ、時計部品、ハードディスク、航空機や人工衛星などの航空宇宙機器、密封装置、およびモータ機器などに好適である。また、ボールネジや転がり案内面などの転動装置、クラッチ内蔵型回転伝達装置、パワーステアリング装置、レシプロ型圧縮機、およびターボチャージャーにも適用可能である。
本発明の潤滑油基油は、グリースの基油としても適用可能である。グリースの増稠剤としては、リチウム塩やカルシウム塩などの金属石けん系や非金属系がある。非金属系の増稠剤としては、例えば、ベントナイト、シリカ、フッ素樹脂パウダーなどが好適である。また、本発明の潤滑油基油は、グリース以外のゲル状物質の基油としても適用可能である。
本発明の潤滑油基油(潤滑油組成物)を用いた物理蒸着装置や化学蒸着装置は、例えば、ディスプレイ素子の製造に好適である。
(1)動粘度
JIS K2283に規定される「石油製品動粘度試験方法」に準拠して測定した。
(2)粘度指数
JIS K2283に規定される「石油製品動粘度試験方法」に準拠して測定した。
(3)流動点
JIS K2269に記載の方法に準拠して測定した。
(4)5%質量減温度
示差熱分析装置を用い、温度を10℃/minの割合で昇温し、初期質量から5%減少した温度を測定した。5%質量減温度が高いほど、耐蒸発性、耐熱性に優れると言える。
(5)摩擦特性(摩擦係数および摩耗幅)
ボール・オン・ディスク型の往復動摩擦試験機(バウデン・レーベン式)を用い、荷重20N、温度80℃、すべり速度30mm2/s、ストローク15mmの条件にて摩擦係数および摩耗幅を測定した。ボールの材質はSUJ2であり、ボールの直径は10mmであり、ディスクの材質はSUJ2である。摩擦係数、摩耗幅が小さいほど潤滑性、耐摩耗性に優れると言える。
(6)金属腐食性
イオン液体8mLに、鉄系(鉄含量が99質量%以上)および、銅系(銅含量が93質量%以上98質量%以下、スズ含量が2質量%以上7質量%以下、その他金属の含量が1質量%以下)の焼結軸受各1個を同時に浸漬し、140℃で240時間静置した後、イオン液体の外観を観察した。軸受の寸法は、外径が12mmであり、厚みが4mmである。そして、以下に示す基準に基づいて、金属腐食性を評価した。
A:金属溶出がなく、腐食がない。
B:茶褐色または黒色状の溶出物がわずかに認められる(わずかに腐食あり)。
C:茶褐色または黒色状の溶出物がある(腐食あり)。
以下の示すイオン液体を、以下のようにして、合成または準備した。
(1)イオン液体1:1-ブチル-1-メチルピロリジニウム ビス(トリフルオロメタンスルホニル)アミド
1Lフラスコに窒素雰囲気下で1-メチルピロリジン(50g、0.585mol)、2-プロパノール(70mL)を加えた。この中へ1-ブロモブタン(96.5g、0.705mol)を滴下した後、40℃に昇温して6時間反応させた。反応終了後、酢酸エチルで再結晶化を行い、ろ過により得られた結晶を酢酸エチルで数回洗浄した。その後、真空ポンプで減圧しながら40℃で数時間乾燥することで、1-ブチル-1-メチルピロリジニウムブロミド(ハロゲン体)を得た(113g、0.510mol)。
次に、1Lフラスコへ上記ハロゲン体(113g、0.510mol)と純水(110mL)を投入し、これにリチウムビス(トリフルオロメタンスルホニル)イミド(151g、0.525mol)を純水(150mL)に溶解させた水溶液を滴下した。この反応混合物を室温下約1時間攪拌した後、1L分液ロートに移し塩化メチレン(230mL)を加えて抽出し、集めた塩化メチレン溶液は純水で数回洗浄した。洗浄後、水層(1mLから2mLまでの範囲)を採取して、0.5M硝酸銀水溶液(1mL)と反応させ沈殿の有無を確認した(もし、白色沈殿が見られれば臭化物イオンが完全に除去できていないので、これが見えなくなるまで洗浄を繰り返す。)。水洗浄の完了後、ロータリーエバポレータで濃縮し、活性炭を少量加えて、室温下1日間攪拌した。この混合物を中性アルミナのカラムに通し、真空ポンプで減圧しながら加熱攪拌(60℃、4時間)することで目的化合物(212g、0.50mol)を得た。この化合物の化学式を下記する。
イオン液体1の合成において、1-ブロモブタンを用いる代わりに、1-ブロモヘキサン(116g、0.705mol)を用いたこと以外は同様に操作して1-ヘキシル-1-メチルピロリジニウムブロミド(117g、0.468mol)を得た。この4級塩をイオン液体1の合成において、1-ブチル-1-メチルピロリジニウムブロミドの代わりに用いたこと以外は同様に操作して目的化合物(202g、0.449mol)を得た。この化合物の化学式を下記する。
イオン液体1の合成において、1-ブロモブタンを用いる代わりに、2-ヨードエチルメチルエーテル(131g、0.705mol)を用いたこと以外は同様に操作して1-(2-メトキシエチル)-1-メチルピロリジニウムヨージド(146g、0.538mol)を得た。この4級塩をイオン液体1の合成において、1-ブチル-1-メチルピロリジニウムブロミドの代わりに用いたこと以外は同様に操作して目的化合物(212g、0.500mol)を得た。この化合物の化学式を下記する。
イオン液体1の合成において、1-メチルピロリジンを用いる代わりに、1-メチルピペリジン(58g、0.585mol)を用いて、80℃で反応させたこと以外は同様に操作して1-ブチル-1-メチルピペリジニウムブロミド(137g、0.579mol)を得た。この4級塩をイオン液体1の合成において、1-ブチル-1-メチルピロリジニウムブロミドの代わりに用いたこと以外は同様に操作して目的化合物(250g、0.573mol)を得た。この化合物の化学式を下記する。
イオン液体3の合成において、1-メチルピロリジンを用いる代わりに、1-メチルピペリジン(58g、0.585mol)を用いて、60℃で反応させたこと以外は同様に操作して1-(2-メトキシエチル)-1-メチルピペリジニウムヨージド(161g、0.563mol)を得た。この4級塩をイオン液体1の合成において、1-ブチル-1-メチルピロリジニウムブロミドの代わりに用いたこと以外は同様に操作して目的化合物(241g、0.549mol)を得た。この化合物の化学式を下記する。
イオン液体3の合成において、1-メチルピペリジンを用いる代わりに、1-メチルモルホリン(59g、0.585mol)を用いて、80℃で反応させたこと以外は同様に操作して1-(2-メトキシエチル)-1-メチルモルホリニウムヨージド(145g、0.505mol)を得た。この4級塩をイオン液体1の合成において、1-ブチル-1-メチルピロリジニウムブロミドの代わりに用いたこと以外は同様に操作して目的化合物(202g、0.460mol)を得た。この化合物の化学式を下記する。
イオン液体1の合成において、1-メチルピロリジンを用いる代わりに、ピリジン(46g、0.585mol)を用い、2-プロパノールを、アセトニトリル(200mL)に変えて80℃で反応させたこと以外は同様に操作して1-ブチルピリジニウムブロミド(125g、0.579mol)を得た。この4級塩をイオン液体1の合成において、1-ブチル-1-メチルピロリジニウムブロミドの代わりに用いたこと以外は同様に操作して目的化合物(234g、0.562mol)を得た。この化合物の化学式を下記する。
このイオン液体8は関東化学株式会社より購入した。この化合物の化学式を下記する。
1Lフラスコに窒素雰囲気下でトリメチルアミン3.2Mメタノール溶液(183mL、0.585mol)、1-ヨードペンタン(89g、0.449mol)を加え、室温で数時間反応させた。反応終了後、溶媒を減圧除去し、残渣を酢酸エチルとアセトニトリルで数回洗浄した。その後、真空ポンプで減圧しながら数時間乾燥することで、N,N,N-トリメチル-N-ペンチルアンモニウムヨージドを得た(89g、0.346mol)。この4級塩をイオン液体1の合成において、1-ブチル-1-メチルピロリジニウムブロミドの代わりに用いたこと以外は同様に操作して目的化合物(138g、0.336mol)を得た。この化合物の化学式を下記する。
1Lフラスコに窒素雰囲気下でトリエチルホスフィン20%トルエン溶液(346g、0.585mol)、1-ヨードオクタン(211g、0.878mol)を加え、60℃で数時間反応させた。反応終了後、酢酸エチルで数回洗浄し、真空ポンプで減圧しながら40℃で数時間乾燥することで、トリエチル(オクチル)ホスホニウムヨージドを得た(176g、0.491mol)。この4級塩をイオン液体1の合成において、1-ブチル-1-メチルピロリジニウムブロミドの代わりに用いたこと以外は同様に操作して目的化合物(241g、0.471mol)を得た。この化合物の化学式を下記する。
1Lフラスコに窒素雰囲気下で1-メチルイミダゾール(173g、2.100mol)、1-クロロブタン(234g、2.528mol)を加え、90℃で数時間反応させた。反応終了後、酢酸エチルとアセトニトリルで再結晶化を行い、ろ過により得られた結晶を真空ポンプで減圧しながら40℃で数時間乾燥することで、1-ブチル-1-メチルイミダゾリウムクロリド(352g、2.016mol)を得た。この4級塩をイオン液体1の合成において、1-ブチル-1-メチルピロリジニウムブロミドの代わりに用いたこと以外は同様に操作して目的化合物(837g、1.996mol)を得た。この化合物の化学式を下記する。
このイオン液体12はメルク株式会社より購入した。この化合物の化学式を下記する。
1Lフラスコに窒素雰囲気下で1-ブチルピロリジン(34g、0.267mol)、トルエン(230mL)を加えた。この中へメチルトリフラート(43g、0.262mol)とトルエン(100mL)の混合溶液を0℃で滴下し、同温度で数時間反応させた。反応終了後、トルエンで数回洗浄し、活性炭処理を行った。この混合物を中性アルミナのカラムに通し、真空ポンプで減圧しながら加熱攪拌(60℃、4時間)することで目的物(68g、0.233mol)を得た。この化合物の化学式を下記する。
上記のイオン液体および以下に示す添加剤を用いて、表1および表2に示す配合処方により潤滑油基油または潤滑油組成物を調製し、上記諸特性(動粘度、粘度指数、流動点、5%質量減温度、摩擦特性、金属腐食性)について評価または測定した。その結果を配合処方と併せて表1および表2に示す。
極圧剤:トリクレジルフォスフェート
金属不活性化剤:ベンゾトリアゾール
Claims (8)
- 下記一般式(1):
Z+A-…(1)
(Z+はカチオンを意味し、A-はアニオンを意味する。)
で表される化合物からなるイオン液体を一種類以上含む潤滑油基油であって、Z+が2つの異なる側鎖を有する環状4級アンモニウムイオンであり、A-が共役アミドイオンである
ことを特徴とする潤滑油基油。 - 請求項1から請求項3までのいずれか1項に記載の潤滑油基油において、
前記イオン液体の分子量が410以上570以下である
ことを特徴とする潤滑油基油。 - 請求項1から請求項4までのいずれか1項に記載の潤滑油基油において、
前記イオン液体の40℃動粘度が1mm2/s以上100mm2/s以下である
ことを特徴とする潤滑油基油。 - 請求項1から請求項5までのいずれか1項に記載の潤滑油基油において、
前記イオン液体の流動点が0℃以下である
ことを特徴とする潤滑油基油。 - 請求項1から請求項6までのいずれか1項に記載の潤滑油基油に、酸化防止剤、油性剤、極圧剤、清浄分散剤、粘度指数向上剤、防錆剤、金属不活性化剤および消泡剤のうちの少なくともいずれか一つを配合した
ことを特徴とする潤滑油組成物。 - 請求項7に記載の潤滑油組成物において、
含油軸受、流体軸受、真空機器および半導体製造装置の潤滑に用いられるものである
ことを特徴とする潤滑油組成物。
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WO2012090846A1 (ja) * | 2010-12-27 | 2012-07-05 | 出光興産株式会社 | グリース組成物 |
CN113201384A (zh) * | 2020-01-31 | 2021-08-03 | 克鲁勃润滑剂慕尼黑两合欧洲公司 | 含有离子液体的润滑剂组合物 |
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JP5654927B2 (ja) * | 2011-03-30 | 2015-01-14 | 住友理工株式会社 | 液体封入式防振ゴム装置 |
JP2014035070A (ja) * | 2012-08-10 | 2014-02-24 | Oiles Ind Co Ltd | 摺動部材および摺動機構 |
DE102013112868A1 (de) * | 2013-11-21 | 2015-05-21 | Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg | Verfahren zum Konservieren eines Maschinenelements und Verwendung einer ionischen Flüssigkeit |
CN107427917B (zh) * | 2015-03-20 | 2020-02-28 | 日立化成株式会社 | 基于压模法的成型体的成型方法 |
JP6041014B1 (ja) * | 2015-05-26 | 2016-12-07 | ダイキン工業株式会社 | 冷凍装置の蒸発器の製造方法 |
US10648365B2 (en) * | 2015-12-08 | 2020-05-12 | General Electric Company | Gas turbine engine bearing sump and lubricant drain line from cooling passage |
KR101970307B1 (ko) | 2017-03-31 | 2019-04-18 | 이기현 | 엔진오일 기능 향상제 조성물 |
JP6913566B2 (ja) * | 2017-08-23 | 2021-08-04 | 協同油脂株式会社 | グリース組成物 |
JP2022102950A (ja) * | 2020-12-25 | 2022-07-07 | 出光興産株式会社 | 化合物、腐食抑制剤、及び潤滑剤組成物 |
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WO2008154997A1 (de) * | 2007-06-20 | 2008-12-24 | KLüBER LUBRICATION MüNCHEN KG | Schmierfettzusammensetzung |
JP2009242765A (ja) * | 2008-03-14 | 2009-10-22 | Stella Chemifa Corp | 低腐食性イオン液体及びそれを含む潤滑油組成物 |
WO2009136608A1 (ja) * | 2008-05-09 | 2009-11-12 | 独立行政法人産業技術総合研究所 | イオン液体 |
Cited By (3)
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WO2012090846A1 (ja) * | 2010-12-27 | 2012-07-05 | 出光興産株式会社 | グリース組成物 |
CN113201384A (zh) * | 2020-01-31 | 2021-08-03 | 克鲁勃润滑剂慕尼黑两合欧洲公司 | 含有离子液体的润滑剂组合物 |
CN113201384B (zh) * | 2020-01-31 | 2023-10-24 | 克鲁勃润滑剂慕尼黑两合欧洲公司 | 含有离子液体的润滑剂组合物 |
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KR20130139861A (ko) | 2013-12-23 |
TW201211234A (en) | 2012-03-16 |
JP5739121B2 (ja) | 2015-06-24 |
US20130102506A1 (en) | 2013-04-25 |
JP2012031275A (ja) | 2012-02-16 |
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