WO2012013772A1 - Kathodenblock für eine aluminium-elektrolysezelle und ein verfahren zu seiner herstellung - Google Patents
Kathodenblock für eine aluminium-elektrolysezelle und ein verfahren zu seiner herstellung Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2012013772A1 WO2012013772A1 PCT/EP2011/063082 EP2011063082W WO2012013772A1 WO 2012013772 A1 WO2012013772 A1 WO 2012013772A1 EP 2011063082 W EP2011063082 W EP 2011063082W WO 2012013772 A1 WO2012013772 A1 WO 2012013772A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- cathode block
- hard material
- coke
- material powder
- cathode
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C3/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts
- C25C3/06—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts of aluminium
- C25C3/08—Cell construction, e.g. bottoms, walls, cathodes
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a cathode block for an aluminum electrolytic cell and a method for its production.
- the bottom of an electrolytic cell is typically formed by a cathode surface consisting of individual cathode blocks. From below, the cathodes are contacted via steel ingots, which are placed in corresponding elongated recesses in the bottom of the cathode blocks.
- Cathode blocks are conventionally made by mixing coke with carbonaceous particles such as anthracite, carbon or graphite, compacting and carbonizing.
- carbonaceous particles such as anthracite, carbon or graphite
- a graphitizing step at higher temperatures follows, at which the carbonaceous particles and the coke are at least partially converted to graphite.
- TiB 2 is introduced into an upper layer of a cathode block. This is described for example in DE 1 12006004078.
- a top layer which is a TiB 2 graphite composite, is in direct contact with the aluminum melt and thus crucial for the current injection from the cathode into the molten aluminum.
- TiB 2 and similar hard materials cause an improvement in the wettability of the cathode in the graphitized state and thus better energy efficiency of the electrolysis process.
- Hard materials can also increase the bulk density and hardness of Cathodes increase, which has a better wear resistance, especially compared to aluminum and Kryolitschmelzen result.
- TiB 2 powders and similar hard material powders are difficult to process.
- cathode blocks made with them which form a TiB 2 graphite composite layer completely or in their upper layer, tend to be inhomogeneities.
- the object of the present invention is therefore to provide a TiB 2 graphite composite cathode which is readily wettable to aluminum melts, has good wear properties and is easy to produce, and a process for their preparation.
- a cathode block for an aluminum electrolytic cell according to the invention which comprises a composite layer containing graphite and a hard material such as TiB 2 , is characterized in that the hard material is in a monomodal particle size distribution, the mean particle size of the distribution d 50 being between 10 and 20 pm, in particular between 12 and 18 m, in particular between 14 and 16 pm.
- the hard material powder in such a d 50, has a large active surface, which causes a very good wettability of the cathode block after the graphitization, but on the other hand does not have the disadvantages which a processing of the hard material powder as Influence composite component in a graphite-hard material composite negatively.
- Dusting for example when filling in a mixing container or during transport of the powder,
- Agglomerate formation in particular during mixing, such as wet mixing with coke (wet mixing in this context means, in particular, mixing with pitch as the liquid phase), - Demixing due to different material densities of hard material and coke.
- the hard material powder used according to the invention has a particularly good flowability or flowability. This makes the hard material powder particularly well with conventional conveyors, for example, conveyed to a mixing apparatus.
- cathode blocks Due to the good processability of the hard material powder with the d 50 between 10 and 20 pm and a monomodal particle size distribution, the production of hard material powder composites for cathode blocks is greatly simplified.
- the obtained cathode blocks have a very good homogeneity with respect to the distribution of the hard material powder in the coke in the green body and in the graphite in the graphitized cathode body.
- the d 90 of the refractory hard material is preferably between 20 and 40 ⁇ m, in particular between 25 and 30 ⁇ m. This advantageously has the consequence that wetting and processing properties of the hard material powder are even better.
- the d-m of the refractory hard material is between 2 and 7 pm, in particular between 3 and 5 pm. This advantageously has the consequence that wetting and processing properties of the hard material powder are even better.
- Span of the refractory hard material powder is advantageously between 0.65 and 3.80, in particular between 1.00 and 2.25. This has the advantageous consequence that wetting and processing properties of the hard material powder are even better.
- the composite layer forms the entire cathode block. This has the advantage that for the preparation of the cathode block a only green composition is necessary and accordingly only a single mixing step.
- the cathode block may have at least two layers, wherein the composite layer forms the upper layer of the cathode block.
- This top layer is in use of the cathode block according to the invention in direct contact with the melt of the electrolysis cell.
- the cathode block preferably has at least one further layer which has less hard material powder than the upper layer or no hard material powder. This can reduce the amount of expensive hard material powder used.
- the further layer is not in direct contact with the aluminum melt and therefore does not have to have good wettability and wear resistance.
- the top layer may have a height which is 10 to 50%, in particular 15 to 45%, of the total height of the cathode block.
- a small height of the topsheet, such as 20%, may be advantageous because a small amount of expensive hard material is needed.
- a high height of the topsheet such as 40% may be advantageous because a layer having hard material has high wear resistance. The greater the height of this highly wear-resistant material in relation to the
- a cathode block according to the invention is prepared by a method comprising the steps of providing starting materials comprising coke, a hard material such as TiB 2 , and optionally another carbonaceous material, forming the cathode block, carbonizing and graphitizing, and cooling.
- the coke comprises two types of coke, which have a different volume change behavior during carbonation and / or graphitization and / or cooling.
- the graphitizing step at least a portion of carbon in the cathode block is converted to graphite.
- a cathode block produced by a method according to the invention has a bulk density of a carbon content of more than 1.68 g / cm 3 , more preferably of more than 1.71 g / cm 3 , in particular of up to 1.75 g / cm 3 .
- a higher apparent density advantageously contributes to a longer service life. This may be due to the fact that more mass is present per unit volume of a cathode block, resulting in a given mass removal per unit time to a higher residual mass after a given removal period. On the other hand, it can be assumed that a higher bulk density with a corresponding corresponding lower porosity hampers an infiltration of electrolyte, which acts as a corrosive medium.
- the second layer may have a bulk density of, for example, more than 1.80 g / cm 3 because of the addition of RHM after graphitization.
- the two types of coke comprise a first type of coke and a second type of coke, the first type of coke having a greater shrinkage and / or expansion during the carbonizing and / or graphitizing and / or cooling than the second type of coke.
- the increased shrinkage and / or expansion is an advantageous embodiment of a different volume change behavior, which is probably particularly well suited to lead to a greater compression than when coke are mixed, which have an equal shrinkage and / or expansion.
- the stronger shrinkage and / or expansion refers to any temperature range.
- a different volume change behavior may be present during cooling.
- the shrinkage and / or expansion of the first type of coke during carbonation and / or graphitization and / or cooling based on the volume is at least 10% higher than that of the second coke variety, in particular at least 25% higher, in particular at least 50% higher.
- the shrinkage and / or expansion of the first type of coke during carbonation and / or graphitization and / or cooling based on the volume at least 100% higher than that of the second coke, in particular at least 200% higher, in particular at least 300% higher.
- the expansion from room temperature to 1000 ° C. for the second type of coke 1 is 0% by volume, whereas for the first type of coke it is 4.0% by volume.
- the first type of coke undergoes shrinkage the second coke variety, however, an expansion in the same temperature interval, is detected by the inventive method.
- a 300% higher shrinkage and / or expansion also includes the case that the second type of coke shrinks by 1, 0 vol .-%, the first Koksorte, however, by 2.0 vol .-% expands.
- the second type of coke may have a greater shrinkage and / or expansion, as described above for the first coke variety.
- a cathode block according to the invention is produced by a process comprising the steps of providing starting materials comprising coke, forming the cathode block, carbonizing and graphitizing, and cooling.
- the coke preferably contains two types of coke, which are During the carbonization and / or graphitization and / or cooling, the volume change behavior leads to a densification of the cathode block of more than 1.68 g / cm 3 .
- different volume change behavior of the two types of coke lead to the fact that in a compression process during carbonization and / or graphitization and / or cooling, hooking or otherwise blocking of individual coke particles, which is attributed to similar shrinkage properties, can be prevented.
- individual particles can presumably migrate to positions which are more favorable for compaction, and thus a higher packing density of the coke particles or the particles resulting therefrom in the further process than in conventional production processes can be achieved.
- the advantages of a multi-layer block in which the layer facing the anode comprises a hard material are combined with the use of two types of coke with different volume change behavior.
- Heat treatment steps reduce production times and reject rates of the cathode blocks. Furthermore, therefore, advantageously the resistance to thermal stresses and resulting damage in the application is also increased.
- At least one of the two types of coke is preferably a petroleum or coal-tar coke.
- the weight percent of the second coke variety in the total amount of coke is between 50% and 90%.
- the different volume change behavior of the first and second types of coke has a particularly good effect on compression during carbonization and / or graphitization and / or cooling.
- Conceivable quantity ranges of the second type of coke can be 50 to 60%, but also 60 to 80%, and 80 to 90%.
- At least one carbonaceous material and / or pitch and / or additives are added to the coke. This can be done both with regard to the processability keit of the coke and the subsequent properties of the cathode block produced be advantageous.
- the further carbonaceous material contains graphite-containing material;
- the further carbonaceous material is graphite-containing material, such as graphite.
- the graphite may be synthetic and / or natural graphite.
- the carbonaceous material is advantageously 1 to 40% by weight, in particular from 5 to 30% by weight, based on the total amount of coke and carbonaceous material.
- pitch in addition to the amount of coke and optionally carbonaceous material, which represents a total of 100 wt .-%, pitch in amounts of 5 to 40 wt .-%, in particular 15 to 30 wt .-% (based on 100 wt .-% the entire green mix). Pitch acts as a binder and serves to create a dimensionally stable body during carbonation.
- Advantageous additives may be oil, such as press liquor oil, or stearic acid. These facilitate mixing of the coke and optionally the other components.
- the coke comprises at least in one of the two layers, ie in the first and / or the second layer, two types of coke with a different volume change behavior during carbonization and / or graphitization and / or cooling to a densification of the resulting graphite above 1.68 g / cm 3 .
- both layers or one of the two layers can thus be produced according to the invention with two different types of coke.
- only the first layer can be produced according to the invention with two types of coke, while the second layer is produced with only one type of coke, but additionally contains TiB 2 as hard material.
- the bulk densities and / or Expansion behavior of the two layers aligned which can advantageously increase the resistance of the layer compound.
- the sole FIGURE 1 shows a particle size distribution of a TiB 2 powder used according to the invention: a) as the volume density distribution q 3 and b) as the volume sum distribution Q 3.
- coke is mixed with pitch, mixed with TiB 2 powder having a monomodal particle size distribution and a d 50 of 15 ⁇ m, a d 90 of 30 ⁇ m and a dm of 5 ⁇ m.
- the span value for this particle size distribution is 1.67.
- the weight fraction of TiB 2 powder on the green mass is, for example, 10 to 30% by weight, such as 20% by weight. The mixture becomes in a form, which is largely the later form of the
- Cathode blocks are filled, filled and vibrationally compressed or block pressed.
- the resulting green body is heated to a final temperature in a range of 2300 to 3000 ° C, in particular 2500 to 2900 ° C, such as 2800 ° C, wherein a carbonation step and then a graphitization occur, and then cooled.
- the resulting cathode block has a very good wetting behavior and a very high resistance to wear compared with liquid aluminum and cryolite.
- the mold is initially partially filled with a mixture of coke, graphite and TiB 2 and, if necessary, vibrationally precompressed. Subsequently, the resulting output layer, which at the later cathode represents the upper layer facing the anode and thus making direct contact with the aluminum melt, a mixture of coke and graphite filled and in turn compacted. The resulting upper starting layer at the later cathode represents the lower layer facing away from the anode.
- This two-layer brick is carbonized and graphitized as in the first embodiment.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
RU2013108797/02A RU2533066C2 (ru) | 2010-07-29 | 2011-07-29 | Катодный блок для алюминиевого электролизера и способ его получения |
JP2013521157A JP5714108B2 (ja) | 2010-07-29 | 2011-07-29 | アルミニウム電解セル用のカソードブロックおよびその製造方法 |
EP11743994.3A EP2598675B1 (de) | 2010-07-29 | 2011-07-29 | Kathodenblock für eine aluminium-elektrolysezelle und ein verfahren zu seiner herstellung |
CA2805866A CA2805866C (en) | 2010-07-29 | 2011-07-29 | Cathode block for an aluminium electrolysis cell and a process for the production thereof |
CN201180037314.3A CN103038396B (zh) | 2010-07-29 | 2011-07-29 | 铝电解池用阴极块及其制造方法 |
UAA201302500A UA109019C2 (uk) | 2010-07-29 | 2011-07-29 | Катодний блок для алюмінієвого електролізера і спосіб його отримання |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE201010038669 DE102010038669A1 (de) | 2010-07-29 | 2010-07-29 | Kathodenblock für eine Aluminium-Elektrolysezelle und ein Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung |
DE102010038669.3 | 2010-07-29 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2012013772A1 true WO2012013772A1 (de) | 2012-02-02 |
Family
ID=44630342
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP2011/063082 WO2012013772A1 (de) | 2010-07-29 | 2011-07-29 | Kathodenblock für eine aluminium-elektrolysezelle und ein verfahren zu seiner herstellung |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP2598675B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP5714108B2 (de) |
CN (1) | CN103038396B (de) |
CA (1) | CA2805866C (de) |
DE (1) | DE102010038669A1 (de) |
RU (1) | RU2533066C2 (de) |
UA (1) | UA109019C2 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2012013772A1 (de) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2013113837A1 (de) * | 2012-02-01 | 2013-08-08 | Sgl Carbon Se | Verfahren zur herstellung eines kathodenblocks für eine aluminium-elektrolysezelle |
CN105026619A (zh) * | 2013-02-14 | 2015-11-04 | 西格里碳素欧洲公司 | 具有可润湿的耐磨表面的阴极块 |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102011004013A1 (de) * | 2011-02-11 | 2012-08-16 | Sgl Carbon Se | Graphitierter Kathodenblock mit einer abrasionsbeständigen Oberfläche |
DE102011004014A1 (de) * | 2011-02-11 | 2012-08-16 | Sgl Carbon Se | Kathodenblock mit einer Hartstoff enthaltenden Deckschicht |
WO2016171580A1 (ru) * | 2015-04-23 | 2016-10-27 | Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Объединенная Компания РУСАЛ Инженерно-технологический центр" | Электрод алюминиевого электролизера (варианты) |
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US4526669A (en) * | 1982-06-03 | 1985-07-02 | Great Lakes Carbon Corporation | Cathodic component for aluminum reduction cell |
US4582553A (en) * | 1984-02-03 | 1986-04-15 | Commonwealth Aluminum Corporation | Process for manufacture of refractory hard metal containing plates for aluminum cell cathodes |
US5658447A (en) * | 1992-12-17 | 1997-08-19 | Comalco Aluminium Limited | Electrolysis cell and method for metal production |
DE19714433A1 (de) * | 1997-04-08 | 1998-10-15 | Hoechst Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung einer titanboridhaltigen Beschichtung |
DE112006004078T5 (de) | 2006-10-18 | 2009-10-08 | Aluminum Corporation Of China Limited | Verfahren zur Herstellung von benetzbaren Kathodenblöcken |
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NL129768C (de) * | 1965-01-06 | |||
JPS5849483B2 (ja) * | 1976-04-02 | 1983-11-04 | 東洋カ−ボン株式会社 | アルミニウム電解槽用陰極炭素ブロック製造法 |
US4308114A (en) * | 1980-07-21 | 1981-12-29 | Aluminum Company Of America | Electrolytic production of aluminum using a composite cathode |
US4308115A (en) * | 1980-08-15 | 1981-12-29 | Aluminum Company Of America | Method of producing aluminum using graphite cathode coated with refractory hard metal |
US4376029A (en) * | 1980-09-11 | 1983-03-08 | Great Lakes Carbon Corporation | Titanium diboride-graphite composits |
JPS59500974A (ja) * | 1982-06-03 | 1984-05-31 | グレ−ト レ−クス カ−ボン コ−ポレ−シヨン | アルミニウム還元電解槽の陰極素子 |
JPH05263285A (ja) * | 1992-03-17 | 1993-10-12 | Nippon Light Metal Co Ltd | アルミニウム電解用電極 |
JP3977472B2 (ja) * | 1997-01-23 | 2007-09-19 | 新日本テクノカーボン株式会社 | 低熱膨張係数を有する高密度等方性黒鉛材の製造方法 |
CA2350814C (en) * | 1998-11-17 | 2006-01-10 | Alcan International Limited | Wettable and erosion/oxidation-resistant carbon-composite materials |
US7462271B2 (en) * | 2003-11-26 | 2008-12-09 | Alcan International Limited | Stabilizers for titanium diboride-containing cathode structures |
US20050253118A1 (en) * | 2004-05-17 | 2005-11-17 | Sgl Carbon Ag | Fracture resistant electrodes for a carbothermic reduction furnace |
KR20090094098A (ko) * | 2006-12-22 | 2009-09-03 | 도요탄소 가부시키가이샤 | 흑연 재료 및 그의 제조 방법 |
CN101158048A (zh) * | 2007-08-03 | 2008-04-09 | 中国铝业股份有限公司 | 一种铝电解槽用石墨化可湿润阴极炭块及其生产方法 |
RU2371523C1 (ru) * | 2008-06-23 | 2009-10-27 | Федеральное государственное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Сибирский федеральный университет" | Композиционный материал для смачиваемого катода алюминиевого электролизера |
-
2010
- 2010-07-29 DE DE201010038669 patent/DE102010038669A1/de not_active Ceased
-
2011
- 2011-07-29 UA UAA201302500A patent/UA109019C2/uk unknown
- 2011-07-29 CA CA2805866A patent/CA2805866C/en active Active
- 2011-07-29 EP EP11743994.3A patent/EP2598675B1/de active Active
- 2011-07-29 CN CN201180037314.3A patent/CN103038396B/zh active Active
- 2011-07-29 WO PCT/EP2011/063082 patent/WO2012013772A1/de active Application Filing
- 2011-07-29 JP JP2013521157A patent/JP5714108B2/ja active Active
- 2011-07-29 RU RU2013108797/02A patent/RU2533066C2/ru active
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US4526669A (en) * | 1982-06-03 | 1985-07-02 | Great Lakes Carbon Corporation | Cathodic component for aluminum reduction cell |
US4582553A (en) * | 1984-02-03 | 1986-04-15 | Commonwealth Aluminum Corporation | Process for manufacture of refractory hard metal containing plates for aluminum cell cathodes |
US5658447A (en) * | 1992-12-17 | 1997-08-19 | Comalco Aluminium Limited | Electrolysis cell and method for metal production |
DE19714433A1 (de) * | 1997-04-08 | 1998-10-15 | Hoechst Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung einer titanboridhaltigen Beschichtung |
DE112006004078T5 (de) | 2006-10-18 | 2009-10-08 | Aluminum Corporation Of China Limited | Verfahren zur Herstellung von benetzbaren Kathodenblöcken |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2013113837A1 (de) * | 2012-02-01 | 2013-08-08 | Sgl Carbon Se | Verfahren zur herstellung eines kathodenblocks für eine aluminium-elektrolysezelle |
CN105026619A (zh) * | 2013-02-14 | 2015-11-04 | 西格里碳素欧洲公司 | 具有可润湿的耐磨表面的阴极块 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA2805866A1 (en) | 2012-02-02 |
EP2598675A1 (de) | 2013-06-05 |
CA2805866C (en) | 2015-07-21 |
RU2533066C2 (ru) | 2014-11-20 |
CN103038396A (zh) | 2013-04-10 |
CN103038396B (zh) | 2016-08-03 |
JP5714108B2 (ja) | 2015-05-07 |
RU2013108797A (ru) | 2014-09-10 |
JP2013532773A (ja) | 2013-08-19 |
UA109019C2 (uk) | 2015-07-10 |
EP2598675B1 (de) | 2017-03-08 |
DE102010038669A1 (de) | 2012-02-02 |
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