WO2012013136A1 - 酪氨酸酶多肽抑制剂 - Google Patents

酪氨酸酶多肽抑制剂 Download PDF

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WO2012013136A1
WO2012013136A1 PCT/CN2011/077578 CN2011077578W WO2012013136A1 WO 2012013136 A1 WO2012013136 A1 WO 2012013136A1 CN 2011077578 W CN2011077578 W CN 2011077578W WO 2012013136 A1 WO2012013136 A1 WO 2012013136A1
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seq
amino acid
cys
tyr
rlnl
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PCT/CN2011/077578
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French (fr)
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萧乃文
蔡耿彰
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国立彰化师范大学
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61QSPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
    • A61Q19/00Preparations for care of the skin
    • A61Q19/02Preparations for care of the skin for chemically bleaching or whitening the skin
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K8/00Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
    • A61K8/18Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
    • A61K8/30Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
    • A61K8/64Proteins; Peptides; Derivatives or degradation products thereof
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07KPEPTIDES
    • C07K5/00Peptides containing up to four amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof
    • C07K5/04Peptides containing up to four amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof containing only normal peptide links
    • C07K5/06Dipeptides
    • C07K5/06008Dipeptides with the first amino acid being neutral
    • C07K5/06017Dipeptides with the first amino acid being neutral and aliphatic
    • C07K5/0606Dipeptides with the first amino acid being neutral and aliphatic the side chain containing heteroatoms not provided for by C07K5/06086 - C07K5/06139, e.g. Ser, Met, Cys, Thr
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07KPEPTIDES
    • C07K5/00Peptides containing up to four amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof
    • C07K5/04Peptides containing up to four amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof containing only normal peptide links
    • C07K5/08Tripeptides
    • C07K5/0802Tripeptides with the first amino acid being neutral
    • C07K5/0804Tripeptides with the first amino acid being neutral and aliphatic
    • C07K5/0806Tripeptides with the first amino acid being neutral and aliphatic the side chain containing 0 or 1 carbon atoms, i.e. Gly, Ala
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07KPEPTIDES
    • C07K5/00Peptides containing up to four amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof
    • C07K5/04Peptides containing up to four amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof containing only normal peptide links
    • C07K5/08Tripeptides
    • C07K5/0802Tripeptides with the first amino acid being neutral
    • C07K5/0804Tripeptides with the first amino acid being neutral and aliphatic
    • C07K5/0808Tripeptides with the first amino acid being neutral and aliphatic the side chain containing 2 to 4 carbon atoms, e.g. Val, Ile, Leu
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07KPEPTIDES
    • C07K5/00Peptides containing up to four amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof
    • C07K5/04Peptides containing up to four amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof containing only normal peptide links
    • C07K5/08Tripeptides
    • C07K5/0802Tripeptides with the first amino acid being neutral
    • C07K5/0804Tripeptides with the first amino acid being neutral and aliphatic
    • C07K5/081Tripeptides with the first amino acid being neutral and aliphatic the side chain containing O or S as heteroatoms, e.g. Cys, Ser
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07KPEPTIDES
    • C07K5/00Peptides containing up to four amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof
    • C07K5/04Peptides containing up to four amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof containing only normal peptide links
    • C07K5/08Tripeptides
    • C07K5/0802Tripeptides with the first amino acid being neutral
    • C07K5/0812Tripeptides with the first amino acid being neutral and aromatic or cycloaliphatic
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07KPEPTIDES
    • C07K5/00Peptides containing up to four amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof
    • C07K5/04Peptides containing up to four amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof containing only normal peptide links
    • C07K5/08Tripeptides
    • C07K5/0819Tripeptides with the first amino acid being acidic

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a tyrosinase inhibitor, and in particular to a tyrosinase inhibitor comprising a polypeptide.
  • melanocytes differentiated from neuralcrest are distributed in the skin (the basal layer of the epidermis), the eye-retinal pigment epithelium, the uveal membrane (u Vea ltr aC t), the hair follicle stroma, and the ear.
  • - vascular pattern striavascularis;
  • mucosa and central nervous system - leptomeninges In melanocytes, there is a membrane-bound membrane-bound cell called melanin, which synthesizes melanin. When melanin is synthesized, it moves from dendrites of melanocytes to adjacent keratinocytes.
  • melanin The main function of melanin is to absorb ultraviolet light (UV) in the sun, protect the skin from ultraviolet light, and remove reactive oxygen species (ROS) to reduce the damage of free radicals to normal cells.
  • UV ultraviolet light
  • ROS reactive oxygen species
  • Tyrosine is an important receptor in melanin synthesis.
  • tyrosine is first hydroxylated: via the tyrosinase catalyzed, a hydroxyl group is added to the ortho carbon of the hydroxyl group to form dopa (L-3, 4).
  • dopaquine will take two pathways, the first pathway, which will form a brownish-black eumelanin via catalysis of a tyrosinase-related protein; another pathway, dopaquinone via glutathione ( The action of glutathione) or cysteine (cysteine) produces pheomelanin with yellow and red, as shown in Figure 1.
  • Tyrosinase (EC 1.14.18.1) plays an important role in the biosynthesis of melanin. It is a multifunctional, glycosylated copper-containing transmembrane protein found in melanocytes. It has a molecular weight of approximately 60-70 kD in mammals and is usually expressed exclusively in melanocytes. Type 3 copper protein, copper ion is an important cofactor when performing catalytic reactions. In the catalytic process, the structure of the activation sites has three different forms, each of which plays a different role: the oxidation state (0 X y-form), the reduced state (Deoxy-form), and the stationary state (Met-form).
  • the reduced tyrosinase is not active, and the copper ion band at the activation site is positively monovalent and does not contain oxygen ions. In the catalytic reaction, the reduced tyrosinase needs to be oxidized, and two electrons are lost to form oxidized tyrosine.
  • oxidized tyrosinase in this activation site with positive divalent copper ions and negative monovalent oxygen ions, can accept two kinds of receptors, tyrosine and dopa, respectively, when combined with tyrosine
  • a quiescent tyrosinase-dopa complex Metal-E-Dopa
  • the tyrosinase becomes a reduced state and continues to circulate; on the other hand, with Dopa
  • tyrosinase is also From the oxidation state to the quiescent state, this form of tyrosinase produces dopaquinone if it reacts with dopa, and if combined with tyrosine, it forms a non-catalytic complex without continuing the melanin production pathway. It can be seen that the oxidized tyrosinase plays an important
  • Tyrosinase is responsible for the enzymatic browning of fruits and vegetables during storage or processing. Browning can produce special colors and flavors for certain products, such as black tea and raisins, but for most In the case of fresh fruits and vegetables, tyrosinase is an enzyme that changes the color and odor of vegetables and fruits, softens tissue, reduces its digestibility, inhibits proteolysis and saccharide decomposition, and produces non-nutrient catalyzed enzymes during catalysis. Toxic compounds may further deprive nutritional value and even affect food safety. In 2003 Dr. Asanuma (Reference Neurotox Res 5, pl 65-76, 2003) pointed out that tyrosinase may be involved in Parkinson's disease and other neurodegenerative diseases.
  • the browning of fruits and vegetables can affect the appearance, smell and taste of food. This is a concern for growers and food industry.
  • the rate of enzymatic browning is determined by the concentration of activated tyrosinase and phenolic compounds in the tissue, available oxygen, pH, and temperature. Therefore, it is necessary to use different methods to stop the enzyme browning caused by tyrosinase.
  • Tyrosinase inhibitors have also been used in the food industry for many years. Traditionally used browning reaction inhibitors include ascorbic acid, citric acid and sulfite, although sulfite inhibition The effect is excellent, but it has serious side effects, so it is necessary to find natural and harmless tyrosinase inhibitors.
  • Tyrosinase inhibitors are becoming more and more important in the cosmetic industry because of their whitening function. Natural inhibitors previously found include Arbutin, Kojic acid, Linoleic acid, Hydroquinones, etc., but only a few are used as skin lightening agents, mainly Because these natural tyrosinase inhibitors may cause side effects.
  • whitening cosmetics such as Magnesium Ascorbyl Phosphate, Sodium Ascorbyl Phosphate, Ascorbyl Glucoside, Kojioc Acid, Arbutin. ;), Ellagic Acid, Tranexamic acid and chamomile ET, where kojic acid and arbutin are tyrosinase inhibitors, which can achieve whitening by inhibiting tyrosinase
  • kojic acid and arbutin are tyrosinase inhibitors, which can achieve whitening by inhibiting tyrosinase
  • the function is also a popular ingredient in whitening skin care products.
  • Arbutin is extracted from the bearberry leaves of the bilberry family. Traces of arbutin can also be found in some fruits, such as pears and small pears.
  • the structure of arbutin is similar to the hydroquinone announced by the Department of Health. It is hydrolyzed into hydroquinone and glucose after absorption through the skin. Therefore, its action is similar to that of hydroquinone.
  • the activity of tyrosinase dilutes the formed melanin.
  • hydroquinone can inhibit the formation of melanin and destroy melanocytes at the same time. The effect of initial whitening and plaque removal is good, but it will cause permanent skin.
  • Kojic acid is a component extracted from Aspergillus. During the formation of melanin, copper ions play a catalytic role, while kojic acid can seize copper ions, inhibit the formation of melanin, normalize the metabolism of pigment-producing cells, and inhibit dark spots or freckles. Whitening effect.
  • U.S. Patent Application No. 20090099093 A1 provides a tyrosinase inhibitor consisting of a polypeptide comprising 6 to 8 amino acids, as compared to The compounds used in the prior art are used as tyrosinase inhibitors.
  • the polypeptides used in this case are safer, milder and easier to be absorbed and metabolized by the human body.
  • the cost of polypeptide synthesis is the commercialization of tyrosinase inhibitors by manufacturers. A big consideration is that the longer the peptide synthesis length, the higher the cost, and the way the peptide is transported is also considered.
  • composition transport can improve the water solubility, permeability, etc. of the peptide prodrug, and prevent the peptide precursor from being decomposed by the protease in the process, thereby maintaining the concentration of the drug. Therefore, the development of a tyrosinase inhibitor that is both effective, safe, and has a shorter polypeptide length will be an urgent problem to be solved.
  • the invention designs a series of tyrosinase inhibitors according to the structural characteristics of tyrosinase, and proves the invention by the in vitro tyrosinase activity test test, the safety test result and the melanin content analysis of the living animal experiment.
  • the tyrosinase inhibitor has a significant inhibitory effect.
  • the tyrosinase inhibitor is more effective, safer and shorter in length than the peptide sequences proposed in the prior art.
  • Glutamine Ginamide Gin (Q) Classification of amino acids referred to in the context of the present invention:
  • Aliphatic amino acids include: alanine (Alanine, A;), isoleucine (Isoleucine, 1) leucine (Leucine, L;), proline (Valine, V;), Proline (Pro;, P;).
  • Aromatic amino acids include: Phenylalanine (F), tryptophan
  • Acidic amino acids include: Aspartic acid (D), Glutamic acid (E).
  • Basic amino acids include: Arginine (R), Histidine (H), Lysine (K;).
  • Hydroxylic acids include: serine (Srine, S), and threonine (Treonine, T).
  • Sulfur containing contains: Cysteine (C), Methionine (M).
  • Amidic amino acids include: Asparagine (N;), Glutamine (Glutamine,
  • the invention provides a tyrosinase inhibitor comprising a polypeptide sequence
  • Xaa or Yaa is one of tyrosine, cysteine, glycine, glutamic acid or arginine
  • the substituent R1, R2 or R3 is selected from the group consisting of glycine, fatty amino acid, aromatic amino acid, acidic amino acid, One or more of a basic amino acid, a hydroxy amino acid, a sulfur-containing amino acid or an amide amino acid, and wherein nl, n2 or n3 is the number of substituents, and nl, n2, n3 are 0 or 1, respectively.
  • Another aspect of the invention provides a tyrosinase inhibitor, the polypeptide sequence of which is: Rl n 1 -Tyr-R2n2-Cy s-R3 n3 or Rlnl-Cys-R2n2-Tyr-R3n3
  • the present invention provides a tyrosinase inhibitor, wherein the polypeptide sequence is: R l n 1 -Cy s-R2n2-Gly-R3 n3 or Rlnl-Gly-R2n2-Cys-R3n3
  • the present invention provides a tyrosinase inhibitor, wherein the polypeptide sequence is: Rl n 1 -Glu-R2n2-Cy s-R3 n3 or Rlnl-Cys-R2n2-Glu-R3n3
  • the invention also provides a tyrosinase inhibitor, wherein the polypeptide sequence is: Rlnl-Arg-R2 n 2-Tyr-R3n3 or Rl n 1 -Tyr-R2n2- Arg-R3 n3
  • substituent R1 R2 or R3 is selected from one or more of glycine, a fatty amino acid, an aromatic amino acid, an acidic amino acid, a basic amino acid, a hydroxy amino acid, a sulfur-containing amino acid or an amide amino acid, and wherein nl n2 or n3 For the number of substituents, nl n2 n3 is 0 or 1 respectively
  • substituent R1 R2 or R3 is selected from one or more of glycine, a fatty amino acid, an aromatic amino acid, an acidic amino acid, a basic amino acid, a hydroxy amino acid, a sulfur-containing amino acid or an amide amino acid, and wherein nl n2 or n3 For the number of substituents, nl n2 n3 is 0 or 1 respectively
  • polypeptide sequence design is represented by the type of each amino acid functional group, and is arranged in a short sequence of short polypeptides of different sequences.
  • Rlnl-Tyr-R2n2-Cys-R3n3 for example, Rlnl-Cys-R2n2-Tyr-R3n3, for example, sequence
  • nl 0, YC YC CY CY
  • nl l
  • Rl-Y-C GYC Rl-C-Y GCY n2 0
  • SEQ ID (SEQ ID n3 0 N0.25) NO.17)
  • nl l
  • nl l
  • substituent R1 R2 or R3 is selected from one or more of glycine, a fatty amino acid, an aromatic amino acid, an acidic amino acid, a basic amino acid, a hydroxy amino acid, a sulfur-containing amino acid or an amide amino acid, and wherein nl n2 or n3 For the number of substituents, nl n2 n3 is 0 or 1 respectively
  • polypeptide sequence design is represented by the type of each amino acid functional group, which is cross-aligned into different short polypeptides.
  • substituent R1 R2 or R3 is selected from one or more of glycine, a fatty amino acid, an aromatic amino acid, an acidic amino acid, a basic amino acid, a hydroxy amino acid, a sulfur-containing amino acid or an amide amino acid, and wherein nl n2 or n3
  • nl n2 or n3 is 0 or 1 respectively
  • the polypeptide sequence design is represented by a single amino acid functional group type, and is arranged in a short sequence of short polypeptides of different sequences.
  • substituent R1 R2 or R3 is selected from one or more of glycine, a fatty amino acid, an aromatic amino acid, an acidic amino acid, a basic amino acid, a hydroxy amino acid, a sulfur-containing amino acid or an amide amino acid, and wherein nl n2 or n3 For the number of substituents, nl n2 n3 is 0 or 1 respectively
  • polypeptide sequence design is represented by the type of each amino acid functional group, and is arranged in a short sequence of short polypeptides of different sequences.
  • Rlnl-Arg-R2n2-Tyr- For example Rlnl-Tyr-R2n2-Arg-
  • nl l
  • Rl-RY CRY Rl-YR CYR N2 0
  • SEQ ID (SEQ ID n3 0 N0.71) NO.79)
  • the substituent R3 is selected from the group consisting of glycine, a fatty amino acid, an aromatic amino acid, an acidic amino acid, a basic amino acid, a hydroxy amino acid, a sulfur-containing amino acid or an amide amino acid. Or a variety.
  • the polypeptide sequence is preferably:
  • the substituent R2 is selected from the group consisting of glycine, a fatty amino acid, an aromatic amino acid, an acidic amino acid, a basic amino acid, a hydroxy amino acid, a sulfur-containing amino acid or an amide amino acid. Or a variety.
  • the polypeptide sequence is preferably:
  • the substituent R1 is selected from the group consisting of glycine, a fatty amino acid, an aromatic amino acid, an acidic amino acid, a basic amino acid, a hydroxy amino acid, a sulfur-containing amino acid or an amide amino acid. Kind or more.
  • the polypeptide sequence is preferably:
  • the substituent R1 or R3 is selected from the group consisting of glycine, a fatty amino acid, an aromatic amino acid, an acidic amino acid, a basic amino acid, a hydroxy amino acid, a sulfur-containing amino acid or an amide amino acid. One or more.
  • the polypeptide sequence is preferably:
  • the substituent R1 or R2 is selected from the group consisting of glycine, a fatty amino acid, an aromatic amino acid, an acidic amino acid, a basic amino acid, a hydroxy amino acid, a sulfur-containing amino acid or an amide amino acid. One or more.
  • the polypeptide sequence is preferably:
  • the substituent R2 or R3 is selected from the group consisting of glycine, a fatty amino acid, an aromatic amino acid, an acidic amino acid, a basic amino acid, a hydroxy amino acid, a sulfur-containing amino acid or an amide amino acid. One or more.
  • the polypeptide sequence is preferably:
  • the substituent R1, R2 or R3 is selected from the group consisting of glycine, a fatty amino acid, an aromatic amino acid, an acidic amino acid, a basic amino acid, a hydroxy amino acid, a sulfur-containing amino acid or an amide amino acid. One or more of them.
  • the present invention provides a tyrosinase inhibitor comprising a polypeptide sequence selected from the group consisting of:
  • Tvr-Cvs-Cvs (SEO ID N0.1), Glu-Cvs-VaKSEO ID N0.2), Cvs-Arg (SEO ID N0.3), Cvs-Asp-Tvr (SEO ID N0.4), Arg- Tvr-Cvs-Arg (SEO ID NO.5), Asp-Cvs-Glv (SEO ID NO.6 ⁇ Arg-Cvs-Tvr-Arg (SEO ID N0.7 ⁇ Cvs-Glv-Ser(SE0 ID N0.8) ), Asn-Cvs-Tvr (SEO ID N0.9), Phe-Tvr-Cvs (SEO ID NO.10), Arg-Cvs-Tvr-VaKSEO ID N0.11), Val-Cvs-Glv (SEO ID NO) .12), Cvs-Glv-Tvr (SEO ID NO.13), Tvr-Phe-Cvs (SEO ID NO.14), Cvs-
  • the present invention provides a tyrosinase inhibitor comprising a polypeptide sequence selected from the group consisting of Arg-Cvs-Tvr (SEO ID NO. 20), Val-Ser-His-Tvr (SEO ID NO. 21), Glv One or more of -Cvs-Tvr (SEO ID NO. 17), Tvr-Phe-Arg (SEO ID NO. 22) or Tvr-Asp (SEO ID N0.23).
  • a tyrosinase inhibitor comprising a polypeptide sequence selected from the group consisting of Arg-Cvs-Tvr (SEO ID NO. 20), Val-Ser-His-Tvr (SEO ID NO. 21), Glv One or more of -Cvs-Tvr (SEO ID NO. 17), Tvr-Phe-Arg (SEO ID NO. 22) or Tvr-Asp (SEO ID N0.23).
  • the tyrosinase inhibitor of the present invention further acetylated, amidated, formylated, hydroxylated, or lipid Modification of (Lipid Modified;), Methylated or Phosphorylated.
  • lipid Modification of Lipid Modified;
  • Methylated or Phosphorylated Methylated or Phosphorylated.
  • Another aspect of the present invention provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising the above tyrosinase inhibitor which inhibits tyrosinase activity.
  • composition further comprises a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
  • the carrier is an excipient, a diluent, a thickener, a filler, a binder, a disintegrant, a lubricant, a grease or a non-greasy base, a surfactant, a suspending agent, a gelling agent, Adjuvants, preservatives, antioxidants, stabilizers, colorants or fragrances.
  • the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention inhibits the production of melanin by inhibiting the activity of tyrosinase, reduces the melanin content in cells, and can be applied to cosmetics or agricultural products, and can be used as a whitening agent when it is applied to cosmetics.
  • the present invention provides a method for reducing the melanin content in a mammalian skin by transferring the above tyrosinase inhibitor to a mammal, the mechanism mainly by inhibiting the activity of tyrosinase, the method comprising the above
  • the tyrosinase inhibitor is delivered to a mammal via oral, transdermal absorption, injection or inhalation.
  • mammals include organisms such as humans.
  • Figure 1 shows the biosynthetic pathway of melanin.
  • Figure 2 is a catalytic process of tyrosinase.
  • Figure 3 is a graph showing the safety test results for short peptide inhibitors of different sequences.
  • BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION The following examples are non-limiting and are merely representative of various aspects of the invention.
  • Example 1 In vitro tyrosinase activity test
  • Mushroom tyrosinase 100 U/ml
  • Arbutin tyrosine
  • tyrosine L-tyrosine, 0.5 mM
  • Kojic acid 2 to 5 short peptides of different sequences (0.5) mM;
  • the short polypeptide sequence is Rlnl-Xaa-R2n2-Yaa-R3n3, and Xaa or Yaa is one of five amino acids of tyrosine, cysteine, glycine, glutamic acid and arginine, and the substituents R1, R2 or
  • the amino acids of R3 are classified into the following eight types according to their functional groups: glycine, fatty amino acid, aromatic amino acid, acidic amino acid, basic amino acid, hydroxy amino acid, sulfur-containing amino acid and amide amino acid, each type, nl, ii2 or The number of substituents is equal to 0 or 1, respectively, and the above amino acids are cross-aligned into short polypeptides of 2 to 5 different sequences.
  • Tables 5-9 list the effect of different sequences of short peptides on tyrosinase activity at 5 minutes. Comparing the short polypeptide designed by the present invention with the commercially available whitening ingredient arbutin and kojic acid, the arbutin inhibiting tyrosinase activity is 32.2%, the short polypeptide designed by the invention is far superior to the arbutin, and the kojic acid inhibits the tyrosine. The acidase activity is 0.10%, which has the same superior effect as the short polypeptide of the present invention. However, considering the safety problem for human body, the short polypeptide of the present invention is safer than kojic acid. Table 5, 5 minutes, the effect of different sequences of short peptides inhibiting tyrosinase activity (sequence
  • the tyrosinase activity of arbutin was 32.24% in 5 minutes and returned to 49.14% in 30 minutes. It can be inferred that arbutin has been metabolized in 30 minutes, and the inhibitory effect is suppressed. Has slowly recovered, and kojic acid inhibits tyrosinase activity from 0.1% in 5 minutes to 0.24% in 30 minutes, the effect is very significant, however, in terms of effect, the short peptide designed by the present invention is far superior to arbutin. For the sake of safety, the short polypeptide of the present invention is safer than kojic acid, and therefore, the present invention is superior to the commercially available whitening ingredient arbutin and kojic acid as a whole.
  • polypeptide sequences are YD (SEQ ID 185 185), YFR (SEQ ID N0.186), GCY (SEQ ID N0.17), and YC (SEQ ID N0.187)
  • the MTT assay is used to determine whether the inhibitor contains cytotoxicity.
  • the succinate dehydrogenase in the mitochondria of living cells can reduce the yellow MTT to purple crystals (formazan), then add DMSO to purple crystals. (formazan) was dissolved, and the absorbance of this solution at OD 595 nm was measured with a spectrophotometer, and the influence of the test substance on cell growth was estimated.
  • Figure 3 shows the safety test results for short peptide inhibitors of different sequences.
  • the other inhibitors YC (SEQ ID N0.187), YD (SEQ ID NO. 185), YFR (SEQ ID N0.186) have the same situation, so it was confirmed by the above experiments: These four short polypeptides are not toxic and not Will affect cell activity.
  • Example 3 In vivo melanin content analysis
  • polypeptide sequences are YD, YFR, GCY and YC
  • Melanocytes were cultured in 24-well plates, and different inhibitors were cultured for seven days at concentrations of 1, 5, 10, 25, 50 and 100 ⁇ , respectively. Seven days later, trypsin/EDTA (0.25%/0.1% in phosphate buffered saline) was added for brief culture to separate the cells. The whole cell broth after pick up, washed twice with HBSS was added, the cells using ultrasonic vibration pieces, was added 0.3 ml lN N a OH (70 ° C), and placed in an oven at 50 ° C was allowed to stand for 10 minutes. Finally, the dissolved melanin was mixed, and 0.2 ml to 96-well plate was taken, and the absorbance of OD 405 nm melanin was measured with a spectrophotometer.

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Description

酪氨酸酶多肽抑制剂 技术领域
本发明涉及一种酪氨酸酶抑制剂, 特别是涉及一种含有多肽的酪氨酸酶抑制剂。 背景技术
1. 黑色素的来源及功能
在胚胎发育时, 由神经嵴 (neuralcrest) 分化出的黑色素细胞 (melanocytes), 会 分布在皮肤 (表皮基底层)、 眼睛 -视网膜色素上皮、 葡萄膜 (uVealtraCt)、 毛囊基质、 耳朵-血管纹 (striavascularis;)、 黏膜和中枢神经系统-软脑膜 (leptomeninges;)。 在黑色 素细胞中有一膜结合 Cmembrane-bound)胞器称为黑色素体 (melanosomes) 会合成黑 色素 (melanin), 当黑色素合成出來后, 会由黑色素细胞的树枝状突起移动至邻近的 角质细胞 (keratinocytes), 进而呈现出皮肤的颜色, 而皮肤颜色的不同主要是因为黑 色素的产生和分布不同。黑色素的主要功能是吸收阳光中的紫外光 (UV),保护皮肤 避免受到紫外光的伤害, 并且能移除活性氧 (reactive oxygen species, ROS), 以减少 自由基对正常细胞的伤害。
2. 黑色素的生合成路径
酪氨酸 (tyrosine) 是黑色素生合成中重要的受质。 在反应中, 酪氨酸先被羟基 化 (hydroxylation): 经由酪氨酸酶 (tyrosinase) 的催化, 在羟基 (hydroxyl group) 的 邻位碳加上一个羟基, 形成多巴 (L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine, L-dopa), 接着再将 多巴转换成多巴醌 (dopaquinone;)。 然后多巴醌会走两个途径, 第一个途径, 会经 由酪氨酸酶相关蛋白的催化形成带棕、 黑色的真黑色素 (eumelanin); 另一个途径, 多巴醌经由谷胱甘肽 (glutathione) 或半胱氨酸 (cysteine) 的作用, 生成带黄、 红色 的深黑色素 (pheomelanin), 如图 1所示。
3. 酪氨酸酶的催化机制
酪氨酸酶 (EC 1.14.18.1) 在黑色素的生合成中扮演很重要的角色。 它是一种多 功能、 具醣基化的含铜穿膜蛋白, 存在于黑色素细胞中, 在哺乳类中分子量大小约 为 60-70 kD,且通常专一表现在黑色素细胞中,属于第三型含铜蛋白质 (Type 3 copper protein), 在进行催化反应时, 铜离子是很重要的辅助因子。 在催化过程中, 活化位 的结构有三个不同形式, 各自扮演不同的角色: 分别为氧化态 (0Xy-form)、 还原态 (Deoxy-form), 静止态 (Met-form)。 还原态酪氨酸酶不具活性, 其活化位的铜离子 带正一价且不含氧离子, 在催化反应中, 还原态酪氨酸酶需经氧化作用, 失去 2个 电子形成氧化态酪氨酸酶, 此时活化位中具有带正二价铜离子及带负一价氧离子, 氧化态酪氨酸酶可接受 2种受质, 分别为酪氨酸和多巴, 当和酪氨酸结合时, 会生 成静止态酪氨酸酶 -多巴复合体 (Met-E-Dopa), 在释放出多巴醌后, 酪氨酸酶又变成 还原态继续循环; 另一方面当与多巴结合时, 除了生成多巴醌外, 同时酪氨酸酶也 由氧化态变成静止态, 此形式的酪氨酸酶如果和多巴作用会生成多巴醌, 如果和酪 氨酸结合, 会形成不具催化作用的复合体而不会继续黑色素生成途径。 由此可知, 在催化过程中, 氧化态酪氨酸酶扮演着重要的角色, 如图 2所示。
4. 酪氨酸酶的影响
酪氨酸酶是造成水果和蔬菜在贮存或加工时产生酵素性褐变的原因, 褐变对某 些产品的制造, 可以赋予产品特殊的色泽及风味, 例如红茶、 葡萄干, 但对大部分 生鲜蔬果而言, 酪氨酸酶是使得蔬菜水果的颜色和气味改变、 组织软化、 降低其消 化性、 抑制蛋白水解和糖分解的酵素, 酪氨酸酶在催化过程中所产生的非营养及有 毒化合物可能进一步使营养价值丧失,甚至影响食品的安全。在 2003年 Dr.Asanuma (参考文献 Neurotox Res 5, pl65-76, 2003)则指出酪氨酸酶可能和帕金森氏症 (Parkinson's disease) 以及其它的神经退化性疾病有关。
5. 酪氨酸酶抑制剂的应用
5-1、 在农业及食品工业上:
蔬菜水果发生褐变后, 会影响其外观、 气味以及食用上的味道, 这是种植者和 食品工业者所关心的问题。 而酵素性褐变的发生速率是依据组织内活化酪氨酸酶和 酚类化合物的浓度、 可利用的氧气、 pH值和温度等条件来决定。 因此, 利用不同 方法来停止由酪氨酸酶引起的酵素性褐变是必要的。 酪氨酸酶抑制剂应用在食品工 业上也行之有年, 传统常用的褐变反应抑制剂有抗坏血酸 (ascorbic acid)、 柠檬酸 (citric acid) 及亚硫酸盐等, 虽然亚硫酸盐的抑制效果极佳, 但却有严重的副作用, 因此, 寻找天然且无害的酪氨酸酶抑制剂有其必要性。
5-2、 在化妆品工业:
酪氨酸酶抑制剂在化妆品工业上越来越重要是因为其具有美白功能。 先前已发 现的天然抑制剂包括熊果素 (Arbutin)、 曲酸 (Kojic acid)、亚麻油酸 (Linoleic acid)、 对苯二酚 (Hydroquinones) 等, 但仅有少数被用做皮肤美白剂, 主要是因为这些天 然的酪氨酸酶抑制剂可能会弓 I发副作用。
目前卫生署核准使用于美白化妆品的八种成分, 如维他命 C 磷酸镁盐 (Magnesium Ascorbyl Phosphate) 维他命 C磷酸钠盐 (Sodium Ascorbyl Phosphate) 维他命 C 醣苷 (Ascorbyl Glucoside) 曲酸 (Kojioc Acid) 熊果素 (Arbutin;)、 鞣花酸 (Ellagic Acid) 止血环酸 (Tranexamic acid)和洋甘菊萃取物 (; Chamomile ET), 其中曲 酸和熊果素即为酪氨酸酶抑制剂, 可经由抑制酪氨酸酶达到美白的功能, 亦是美白 保养品受欢迎的成分。
熊果素是由越橘科植物熊果叶抽取而得, 一些水果中也可以发现熊果素的踪迹, 例如西洋梨、 小山梨。 熊果素的结构与卫生署公告列为药品之对苯二酚相似, 经皮 肤吸收后会被水解成对苯二酚与葡萄糖, 因此, 其作用机转与对苯二酚雷同, 都是 透过抑制酪氨酸酶的活性, 淡化已形成的黑色素, 然而对苯二酚可同时抑制黑色素 形成和破坏黑色素细胞, 使用初期美白及除斑的效果很好, 但却会对皮肤造成永久 性伤害, 如产生其它斑点或腐蚀皮肤, 由于熊果素的结构比对苯二酚多带了葡萄糖 分子, 因此剌激性较低, 而得以在保养品中出现, 但是因为它还是必须还原成对苯 二酚才能作用, 因而引起部份人士怀疑, 认为仍有机会产生类似对苯二酚的副作用, 但至目前为止卫生署仍将熊果素公告为核可的美白成分, 且规定熊果素在保养品中 的浓度必须在 7%以下, 避免高浓度的熊果素使皮肤免疫力下降。
曲酸是从曲菌萃取出的成分, 在黑色素形成过程中, 铜离子扮演催化角色, 而 曲酸可以抓住铜离子, 抑制黑色素形成, 使色素生成细胞代谢正常, 抑制黑斑或雀 斑, 达到美白功效。 Dr. Noh在 2007年 (参考文献 Biopolymers 88, p300-7, 2007)指出 在曲酸 -三肽的羧酸端加上氨基, 将有助于提高其抗酸碱能力、 耐热性、 存放的稳定 度以及酪氨酸酶的抑制效果。 然而近期日本厚生省怀疑曲酸作为食品添加物有致癌 危险, 目前已停止使用于食品之中, 化妆品类则要求进行临床测试, 以评估曲酸是 否禁用。 自日本政府公告禁用曲酸食品添加物后, 含曲酸的保养品是否安全, 各家 说法纷纭, 直至目前为止并无明确数据与研究证实其有危害, 台湾卫生署目前仍将 曲酸公告为核可的美白成分, 并规定曲酸在保养品中的浓度必须在 2%以下。
虽然目前卫生署公布核准使用于美白化妆品的成分有八种, 但部分种类仍有安 全性的疑虑, 对美白我们必须抱持正确期待, 不应有立即见效的想法, 为拥有健康 且白皙的肌肤, 如何做好有效且安全的美白, 是目前美白化妆品领域中重要的课题。
为解决目前美白化妆品领域所遇到的问题, 美国专利申请案 20090099093 A1提 供一种酪氨酸酶抑制剂, 该抑制剂由一多肽组成, 该多肽序列包含 6至 8个氨基酸, 相较于现有技术所使用化合物作为酪氨酸酶抑制剂,该案所使用的多肽更具安全性, 效果温和而易于人体吸收和代谢, 然而多肽合成的费用是厂商进行酪氨酸酶抑制剂 商品化的一大考虑, 多肽合成长度越长费用越高, 此外多肽的运送方式亦为考虑重 点, 2008年 Dr. Agarwal S (;参考文献 Int J Pharm 359, 7-14 ,2008)提出以适当的医药组 合物运送, 可提高肽类前驱物 (peptide prodrug) 的水溶性、 渗透力等, 避免肽类前 驱物在过程中受到蛋白酶的分解, 进而维持药物的浓度。 因此, 研发一种既有效、 安全且多肽长度更短的酪氨酸酶抑制剂, 将是目前急欲解决的问题。 发明内容
鉴于上述发明背景, 研发一种既有效、 安全且多肽长度更短的天然酪氨酸酶抑 制剂, 是当前急欲解决的问题。 本发明依据酪氨酸酶的结构特性, 设计一系列的酪 氨酸酶抑制剂, 经由体外酪氨酸酶活性实验测试、 安全性测试结果以及活体动物实 验的黑色素含量分析, 证实本发明所提出的酪氨酸酶抑制剂具有显著的抑制效果。 并且该酪氨酸酶抑制剂较现有技术所提出的肽序列更为有效、 安全且长度更短。
本发明所引用的氨基酸序列名称定义对照表:
英文 中文 缩写
Glycine 甘氨酸 Gly (G) Alanine 丙氨酸 Ala (A)
Valine 缬氨酸 Val (V)
Leucine 亮氨酸 Leu (L)
Isoleucine 异亮氨酸 He (I)
Serine 丝氨酸 Ser (S)
Threonine 苏氨酸 Thr (T)
Cystine 半胱氨酸 Cys (C)
Methionine 甲硫氨酸 Met (M)
Proline 脯氨酸 Pro (P)
Lysine 赖氨酸 Lys (K)
Arginine 精氨酸 Arg (R)
Phenylalanine 苯丙氨酸 Phe (F)
Tyrosine 酪氨酸 Tyr (Y)
Tryptophan 色氨酸 Trp (W)
Histidine 组氨酸 His (H)
Aspartate 天冬氨酸 Asp (D)
Glutamate 谷氨酸 Glu (E)
Asparagine 天冬酰氨 Asn (N)
Glutamine 谷氨酰胺 Gin (Q) 本发明内容所指的氨基酸的分类:
1. 脂肪性氨基酸类(Aliphatic)包括: 丙氨酸 (Alanine, A;)、 异亮氨酸 (Isoleucine, 1) 亮氨酸 (Leucine, L;)、 缬氨酸 (Valine, V;)、 脯氨酸 (Proline, P;)。
2. 芳香性氨基酸类 (Aromatic) 包括: 苯丙氨酸 (Phenylalanine, F)、 色氨酸
(Tryptophan, W) 酪氨酸 (Tyrosine, Y)。
3. 酸性氨基酸类(Acidic)包括: 天冬氨酸 (Aspartic acid, D)、 谷氨酸 (Glutamic acid, E)。
4. 碱性氨基酸类(Basic)包括: 精氨酸 (Arginine, R)、 组氨酸 (Histidine, H)、 赖 氨酸 (Lysine, K;)。
5. 羟基氨基酸类 (Hydroxylic) 包括: 丝氨酸 (Serine, S),、 苏氨酸 (Threonine, T)。
6. 含硫氨基酸类 (Sulfhr containing) 包括: 半胱氨酸 (Cysteine, C)、 甲硫氨酸 (Methionine, M)。
7. 酰胺氨基酸类 (Amidic)包括: 天冬酰氨 (Asparagine, N;)、 谷氨酰胺 (Glutamine,
Q)。
本发明一方面提供一种酪氨酸酶抑制剂, 其含有的多肽序列为
Rlnl -Xaa-R2n2-Yaa-R3 n3
其中 Xaa或 Yaa为酪氨酸、 半胱氨酸、 甘氨酸、 谷氨酸或精氨酸中的一种, 取 代基 Rl、 R2或 R3选自甘氨酸、 脂肪性氨基酸、 芳香性氨基酸、 酸性氨基酸、 碱性 氨基酸、 羟基氨基酸、 含硫氨基酸或酰胺氨基酸中的一种或多种, 且其中 nl、 n2 或 n3为取代基的数目, nl、 n2、 n3分别为 0或 1。 本发明另一方面提供一种酪氨酸酶抑制剂, 其多肽序列为: Rl n 1 -Tyr-R2n2-Cy s-R3 n3 或 Rlnl-Cys-R2n2-Tyr-R3n3
本发明又一方面提供一种酪氨酸酶抑制剂, 其多肽序列为: Rl n 1 -Cy s-R2n2-Gly-R3 n3 或 Rlnl-Gly-R2n2-Cys-R3n3
本发明再一方面提供一种酪氨酸酶抑制剂, 其多肽序列为: Rl n 1 -Glu-R2n2-Cy s-R3 n3 或 Rlnl-Cys-R2n2-Glu-R3n3
本发明还提供一种酪氨酸酶抑制剂,其多肽序列为: Rlnl-Arg-R2n2-Tyr-R3n3 或 Rl n 1 -Tyr-R2n2- Arg-R3 n3
其中, 取代基 Rl R2或 R3选自甘氨酸、 脂肪性氨基酸、 芳香性氨基酸、 酸性 氨基酸、 碱性氨基酸、 羟基氨基酸、 含硫氨基酸或酰胺氨基酸中的一种或多种, 且 其中 nl n2或 n3为取代基的数目, nl n2 n3分别为 0或 1
本发明酪氨酸酶抑制剂的多肽序列的详细说明:
(一) Rl n 1 -Tyr-R2n2-Cy s-R3 n3 或 Rlnl-Cys-R2n2-Tyr-R3n3
其中, 取代基 Rl R2或 R3选自甘氨酸、 脂肪性氨基酸、 芳香性氨基酸、 酸性 氨基酸、 碱性氨基酸、 羟基氨基酸、 含硫氨基酸或酰胺氨基酸中的一种或多种, 且 其中 nl n2或 n3为取代基的数目, nl n2 n3分别为 0或 1
如下表 1 所示, 多肽序列设计以各氨基酸官能基类型择一为代表, 交叉排列成 不同序列的短多肽。
表 1 多肽序列设计及其例子
编 Rlnl-Tyr-R2n2-Cys-R3n3 例如 Rlnl-Cys-R2n2-Tyr-R3n3 例如 序列 序列
1. nl=0, YC YC CY CY
n2=0, (SEQ ID (SEQ ID n3=0 N0.24) N0.32)
2. nl=l, Rl-Y-C GYC Rl-C-Y GCY n2=0, (SEQ ID (SEQ ID n3=0 N0.25) NO.17)
3. nl=0, Y-R2-C YDC C-R2-Y CSY n2=l, (SEQ ID (SEQ ID n3=0 N0.26) N0.33)
4. nl=0, Y-C-R3 YCF C-Y-R3 CYN n2=0, (SEQ ID (SEQ ID n3=l N0.27) NO.34)
5. nl=l, R1-Y-R2-C AYGC R1-C-R2-Y RCGY n2=l, (SEQ ID (SEQ ID n3=0 N0.28) N0.35)
6. nl=l, R1-Y-C-R3 NYCR R1-C-Y-R3 RCYN n2=0, (SEQ ID (SEQ ID n3=l N0.29) N0.36)
7. nl=0, Y-R2-C-R3 YDCD C-R2-Y-R3 CFYF n2=l, (SEQ ID (SEQ ID n3=l NO.30) N0.37)
8. nl=l, R1-Y-R2-C-R3 GYGCG R1-C-R2-Y-R3 GCGYA n2=l, (SEQ ID (SEQ ID n3=l N0.31) NO.38)
(二) Rlnl-Cys-R2n2-Gly-R3n3 或 Rlnl-Gly-R2n2-Cys-R3n3
其中, 取代基 Rl R2或 R3选自甘氨酸、 脂肪性氨基酸、 芳香性氨基酸、 酸性 氨基酸、 碱性氨基酸、 羟基氨基酸、 含硫氨基酸或酰胺氨基酸中的一种或多种, 且 其中 nl n2或 n3为取代基的数目, nl n2 n3分别为 0或 1
如表 2所示, 其多肽序列设计以各氨基酸官能基类型择一为代表, 交叉排列成 不同序列短多肽。
表 2 多肽序列设计及其例子
Figure imgf000007_0001
(三) Rlnl-Glu-R2n2-Cys-R3n3 或 Rlnl-Cys-R2n2-Glu-R3n3
其中, 取代基 Rl R2或 R3选自甘氨酸、 脂肪性氨基酸、 芳香性氨基酸、 酸性氨基 酸、 碱性氨基酸、 羟基氨基酸、 含硫氨基酸或酰胺氨基酸中的一种或多种, 且其中 nl n2或 n3为取代基的数目, nl n2 n3分别为 0或 1 如表 3 所示, 其多肽序列设计以各氨基酸官能基类型择一为代表, 交叉排列成 不同序列的短多肽。
表 3 多肽序列设计及其例子
Figure imgf000008_0001
(;四) Rlnl-Arg-R2n2-Tyr-R3n3 或 Rlnl-Tyr-R2n2-Arg-R3n3
其中, 取代基 Rl R2或 R3选自甘氨酸、 脂肪性氨基酸、 芳香性氨基酸、 酸性氨基 酸、 碱性氨基酸、 羟基氨基酸、 含硫氨基酸或酰胺氨基酸中的一种或多种, 且其中 nl n2或 n3为取代基的数目, nl n2 n3分别为 0或 1
如表 4所示, 其多肽序列设计以各氨基酸官能基类型择一为代表, 交叉排列成 不同序列的短多肽。
表 4 多肽序列设计及其例子
编 Rlnl-Arg-R2n2-Tyr- 例如 Rlnl-Tyr-R2n2-Arg- 例如
R3n3序列 R3n3序列
1. nl=0, RY RY YR YR
n2=0, (SEQ ID (SEQ ID n3=0 NO.70) N0.78)
2. nl=l, Rl-R-Y CRY Rl-Y-R CYR n2=0, (SEQ ID (SEQ ID n3=0 N0.71) NO.79)
3. nl=0, R-R2-Y RVY Y-R2-R YVR
n2=l, (SEQ ID (SEQ ID n3=0 N0.72) NO.80)
4. nl=0, R-Y-R3 RYK Y-R-R3 YRK
n2=0, (SEQ ID (SEQ ID n3=l N0.73) N0.81)
5. nl=l, R1-R-R2-Y VRSY R1-Y-R2-R VYSR
n2=l, (SEQ ID (SEQ ID n3=0 N0.74) N0.82)
6. nl=l, R1-R-Y-R3 WRYC R1-Y-R-R3 WYRC
n2=0, (SEQ ID (SEQ ID n3=l N0.75) N0.83)
7. nl=0, R-R2-Y-R3 RFYW Y-R2-R-R3 YFRW
n2=l, (SEQ ID (SEQ ID n3=l N0.76) N0.84)
8. nl=l, R1-R-R2-Y-R3 VRCYE R1-Y-R2-R-R3 VYCRE
n2=l, (SEQ ID (SEQ ID n3=l N0.77) N0.85) 其中, 本发明的酪氨酸酶抑制剂, 所述的多肽序列优选为:
(―) Rlnl-Tyr-R2n2-Cys-R3n3 或 Rlnl-Cys-R2n2-Tyr-R3n3、
(二) Rlnl-Cys-R2n2-Gly-R3n3 或 Rlnl-Gly-R2n2-Cys-R3n3、
(;三;) Rlnl-Glu-R2n2-Cys-R3n3 或 Rlnl-Cys-R2n2-Glu-R3n3、
或(四) Rlnl-Arg-R2n2-Tyr-R3n3 或 Rlnl-Tyr-R2n2-Arg-R3n3,
其中, nl=0、 n2=0且 n3=l时, 取代基 R3选自甘氨酸、 脂肪性氨基酸、 芳香性氨 基酸、 酸性氨基酸、 碱性氨基酸、 羟基氨基酸、 含硫氨基酸或酰胺氨基酸中的一种 或多种。
特别是, 本发明的酪氨酸酶抑制剂, 所述的多肽序列优选为:
(―) Rlnl-Tyr-R2n2-Cys-R3n3 或 Rlnl-Cys-R2n2-Tyr-R3n3、
(二) Rlnl-Cys-R2n2-Gly-R3n3 或 Rlnl-Gly-R2n2-Cys-R3n3、
(;三;) Rlnl-Glu-R2n2-Cys-R3n3 或 Rlnl-Cys-R2n2-Glu-R3n3、
或(四) Rlnl-Arg-R2n2-Tyr-R3n3 或 Rlnl-Tyr-R2n2-Arg-R3n3,
其中, nl=0、 n2=l且 n3=0时, 取代基 R2选自甘氨酸、 脂肪性氨基酸、 芳香性 氨基酸、 酸性氨基酸、 碱性氨基酸、 羟基氨基酸、 含硫氨基酸或酰胺氨基酸中的一 种或多种。
特别是, 本发明的酪氨酸酶抑制剂, 所述的多肽序列优选为:
(―) Rlnl-Tyr-R2n2-Cys-R3n3 或 Rlnl-Cys-R2n2-Tyr-R3n3、
(二) Rlnl-Cys-R2n2-Gly-R3n3 或 Rlnl-Gly-R2n2-Cys-R3n3、 (三) Rlnl-Glu-R2n2-Cys-R3n3 或 Rlnl-Cys-R2n2-Glu-R3n3、 或(四) Rlnl-Arg-R2n2-Tyr-R3n3 或 Rlnl-Tyr-R2n2-Arg-R3n3,
其中 nl=l、 n2=0且 n3=0时, 取代基 Rl选自甘氨酸、脂肪性氨基酸、 芳香性氨 基酸、 酸性氨基酸、 碱性氨基酸、 羟基氨基酸、 含硫氨基酸或酰胺氨基酸中的一种 或多种。
特别是, 本发明的酪氨酸酶抑制剂, 所述的多肽序列优选为:
(―) Rlnl-Tyr-R2n2-Cys-R3n3 或 Rlnl-Cys-R2n2-Tyr-R3n3、
(二) Rlnl-Cys-R2n2-Gly-R3n3 或 Rlnl-Gly-R2n2-Cys-R3n3、
(三) Rlnl-Glu-R2n2-Cys-R3n3 或 Rlnl-Cys-R2n2-Glu-R3n3、
或(四) Rlnl-Arg-R2n2-Tyr-R3n3 或 Rlnl-Tyr-R2n2-Arg-R3n3,
其中 nl=l、 n2=0且 n3=l时, 取代基 Rl或 R3选自甘氨酸、 脂肪性氨基酸、 芳 香性氨基酸、 酸性氨基酸、 碱性氨基酸、 羟基氨基酸、 含硫氨基酸或酰胺氨基酸中 的一种或多种。
特别是, 本发明的酪氨酸酶抑制剂, 所述的多肽序列优选为:
(―) Rlnl-Tyr-R2n2-Cys-R3n3 或 Rlnl-Cys-R2n2-Tyr-R3n3、
(二) Rlnl-Cys-R2n2-Gly-R3n3 或 Rlnl-Gly-R2n2-Cys-R3n3、
(三) Rlnl-Glu-R2n2-Cys-R3n3 或 Rlnl-Cys-R2n2-Glu-R3n3,
或(四) Rlnl-Arg-R2n2-Tyr-R3n3 或 Rlnl-Tyr-R2n2-Arg-R3n3,
其中 nl=l、 n2=l且 n3=0时, 取代基 Rl或 R2选自甘氨酸、 脂肪性氨基酸、 芳 香性氨基酸、 酸性氨基酸、 碱性氨基酸、 羟基氨基酸、 含硫氨基酸或酰胺氨基酸中 的一种或多种。
特别是, 本发明的酪氨酸酶抑制剂, 所述的多肽序列优选为:
(―) Rlnl-Tyr-R2n2-Cys-R3n3 或 Rlnl-Cys-R2n2-Tyr-R3n3、
(二) Rlnl-Cys-R2n2-Gly-R3n3 或 Rlnl-Gly-R2n2-Cys-R3n3、
(三) Rlnl-Glu-R2n2-Cys-R3n3 或 Rlnl-Cys-R2n2-Glu-R3n3、
或(四) Rlnl-Arg-R2n2-Tyr-R3n3 或 Rlnl-Tyr-R2n2-Arg-R3n3,
其中 nl=0、 n2=l且 n3=l时, 取代基 R2或 R3选自甘氨酸、 脂肪性氨基酸、 芳 香性氨基酸、 酸性氨基酸、 碱性氨基酸、 羟基氨基酸、 含硫氨基酸或酰胺氨基酸中 的一种或多种。
特别是, 本发明的酪氨酸酶抑制剂, 所述的多肽序列优选为:
(―) Rlnl-Tyr-R2n2-Cys-R3n3 或 Rlnl-Cys-R2n2-Tyr-R3n3、
(二) Rlnl-Cys-R2n2-Gly-R3n3 或 Rlnl-Gly-R2n2-Cys-R3n3、
(三) Rlnl-Glu-R2n2-Cys-R3n3 或 Rlnl-Cys-R2n2-Glu-R3n3、
或(四) Rlnl-Arg-R2n2-Tyr-R3n3 或 Rlnl-Tyr-R2n2-Arg-R3n3,
其中 nl=l、 n2=l且 n3=l时, 取代基 Rl、 R2或 R3选自甘氨酸、脂肪性氨基酸、 芳香性氨基酸、 酸性氨基酸、 碱性氨基酸、 羟基氨基酸、 含硫氨基酸或酰胺氨基酸 中的一种或多种。
本发明提供一种酪氨酸酶抑制剂, 其含有多肽序列选自:
Tvr-Cvs-Cvs(SEO ID N0.1)、 Glu-Cvs-VaKSEO ID N0.2)、 Cvs-Arg(SEO ID N0.3)、 Cvs-Asp-Tvr(SEO ID N0.4)、 Arg-Tvr-Cvs-Arg(SEO ID NO.5)、 Asp-Cvs-Glv(SEO ID NO.6^ Arg-Cvs-Tvr-Arg(SEO ID N0.7^Cvs-Glv-Ser(SE0 ID N0.8)、 Asn-Cvs-Tvr(SEO ID N0.9)、 Phe-Tvr-Cvs(SEO ID NO.10)、 Arg-Cvs-Tvr-VaKSEO ID N0.11)、 Val-Cvs-Glv(SEO ID NO.12)、 Cvs-Glv-Tvr(SEO ID NO.13)、 Tvr-Phe-Cvs(SEO ID NO.14)、 Cvs-Val(SE0 ID N0.15)、 Arg-Phe-Tvr-Cvs(SEO ID NO.16)、 Glv-Cvs-Tvr(SEO ID NO.17)、 Phe-Tvr-Cvs-Arg(SEO ID NO.18)、 Cvs-Tvr-Glv(SEO ID NO.19)、 Arg-Cvs-Tvr(SEO ID NO.20)、 Val-Ser-His-Tvr(SEO ID NO.21)、 Tvr-Phe-Arg(SEO ID N0.22)或 Tvr-Asp(SEO ID N0.23)的一种或多种。
本发明再一方面提供一种酪氨酸酶抑制剂, 其含有多肽序列选自 Arg-Cvs-Tvr(SEO ID NO.20)、 Val-Ser-His-Tvr(SEO ID NO.21)、 Glv-Cvs-Tvr(SEO ID NO.17)、 Tvr-Phe-Arg(SEO ID NO.22)或 Tvr-Asp(SEO ID N0.23)中的一种或多种。
其中, 本发明的酪氨酸酶抑制剂, 其多肽序列中的一个或多个氨基酸进一步经 过乙酰化 (Acetylated)、酰胺化 (Amidated)、甲酰化 (Formylated)、羟基化 (Hydroxylated)、 脂质修饰 (Lipid Modified;)、 甲基化 (Methylated)或磷酸化 (Phosphorylated) 的修饰, 在 2009年 Anan Abu Ubeid同样也是发现的多肽序列可作为酪氨酸酶的抑制剂, 而 在同时间发表的专利 (WO2009003034(Al))也有提到经过修饰的多肽序列也算在专 利范围中, 认为其经过修饰的多肽序列并不会因此而改变其作用的活性机制。
本发明另一方面提供一种含有上述酪氨酸酶抑制剂的抑制酪氨酸酶活性的医药 组合物。
其中, 所述医药组合物还含有包含一种医药学上可接受载体。
特别是, 所述载体为赋形剂、 稀释剂、 增稠剂、 填充剂、 结合剂、 崩解剂、 润 滑剂、 油脂或非油脂的基剂、 界面活性剂、 悬浮剂、 胶凝剂、 辅助剂、 防腐剂、 抗 氧化剂、 稳定剂、 着色剂或香料。 本发明的医药组合物通过抑制酪氨酸酶的活性进 而抑制黑色素的生成, 降低细胞内黑色素含量, 并可应用于化妆品或农产品, 当其 应用于化妆品时可作为美白剂。
本发明又一方面提供一种将上述酪氨酸酶抑制剂传输至哺乳动物, 减少哺乳动 物皮肤中黑色素含量的方法, 此机制主要是透过抑制酪氨酸酶的活性, 该方法包括 将上述之酪氨酸酶抑制剂经由口服、 经皮吸收、 注射或吸入之方式传输至一哺乳动 物。 其中哺乳动物包含人类等生物。 附图说明
图 1是黑色素的生合成途径。
图 2是酪氨酸酶的催化过程。 图 3是不同序列的短多肽抑制剂的安全性测试结果。 具体实施方式 下列实施例为非限制性且仅作为本发明于各方面之代表例。 实施例 1: 体外 (In vitro) 酪氨酸酶活性测试
I. 药品
洋菇酪氨酸酶 (Mushroom tyrosinase, 100 U/ml)、 熊果素(Arbutin)、 酪氨酸 (L-tyrosine, 0.5 mM) 曲酸 (Kojic acid)和 2至 5个不同序列的短多肽 (0.5 mM;)。 短多 肽序列为 Rlnl-Xaa-R2n2-Yaa-R3n3, Xaa或 Yaa为酪氨酸、 半胱氨酸、 甘氨酸、谷 氨酸及精氨酸五种氨基酸中的一种, 取代基 Rl、 R2或 R3的氨基酸依官能基分为 以下八种类型: 甘氨酸、 脂肪性氨基酸、 芳香性氨基酸、 酸性氨基酸、 碱性氨基酸、 羟基氨基酸、 含硫氨基酸和酰胺氨基酸, 各类型择一, nl、 ii2或 为取代基的数 目, 分别等于 0或 1, 以上氨基酸交叉排列成为 2至 5个不同序列的短多肽。
II. 实验步骤
以分光光度计 (Varian cary-50 Bio UV- Visible spectrophotometer) 在 475 nm下测 dopachrome之 OD值。 再以下列公式计算 tyrosinase的剩余活性百分比:
Tyrosinase activity (剩余酪氨酸酶活性, % ) =(D— C)/(B—A) 100% 其中 Α: 阴性对照组反应前的 475 nm 吸光值;
B: 阴性对照组反应后的 475 nm 吸光值;
C: 样品组反应前的 475 nm 吸光值;
D: 样品组反应后的 475 nm 吸光值。
III. 实验结果
以熊果素和曲酸 (先前实验结果显示, 曲酸在浓度 0.4 mM下, 可以 100% 抑 制酪氨酸酶的活性, 测试时间为 30分钟) 做为阳性对照组来比较。
表 5-9所列为在 5分钟时, 不同序列的短多肽抑制酪氨酸酶活性的效果。 将本 发明所设计的短多肽和市售的美白成分熊果素与曲酸比较, 熊果素抑制酪氨酸酶活 性为 32.2%, 本发明所设计的短多肽效果远优于熊果素, 而曲酸抑制酪氨酸酶活性 为 0.10%, 与本发明的短多肽具有同样优越的效果, 然而考虑用于人体的安全性问 题, 本发明的短多肽比曲酸更为安全。 表 5、 5分钟时, 不同序列的短多肽抑制酪氨酸酶活性的效果 (序列
Rl n 1 -Tyr-R2n2-Cy s-R3 n3 或 Rlnl-Cys-R2n2-Tyr-R3n3 ) 序列 Tyrosinase活性 (%) 序列 Tyrosinase活性 (%)
YCC 0 ECY 0.074653674 (SEQ ID N0.86) (SEQ ID NO.115)
CDY 0 DYC 0.087482961
(SEQ ID N0.87) (SEQ ID NO.116)
YCN 0 VYCR 0.091795925
(SEQ ID N0.88) (SEQ ID NO.117)
CVY 0 CGY 0.096860964
(SEQ ID N0.89) (SEQ ID N0.118)
YGC 0 CYN 0.097461159
(SEQ ID NO.90) (SEQ ID N0.34)
RYC 0 DYCR 0.101490686
(SEQ ID N0.91) (SEQ ID NO.119)
RFYC 0 KA 0.10591521
(SEQ ID NO.16) (SEQ ID NO.120)
YNC 0 VCY 0.109361087
(SEQ ID N0.92) (SEQ ID N0.121)
RCYV 0 NYCR 0.121654937
(SEQ ID N0.93) (SEQ ID N0.29)
RCYC 0 YCS 0.140878234
(SEQ ID N0.94) (SEQ ID N0.122)
NCY 0 CYS 0.148467869
(SEQ ID N0.95) (SEQ ID N0.123)
VYC 0 CNY 0.152249737
(SEQ ID N0.96) (SEQ ID N0.124)
YSC 0 CCY 0.170952487
(SEQ ID N0.97) (SEQ ID N0.125)
RCYD 0 YCV 0.201675903
(SEQ ID N0.98) (SEQ ID N0.126)
RYCR 0 RCYW 0.240532622
(SEQ ID N0.99) (SEQ ID N0.127)
SYCR 0 YC 0.282109105
(SEQ ID NO.lOO) (SEQ ID N0.24)
CSY 0 RCYL 0.306704013
(SEQ ID N0.33) (SEQ ID N0.128)
YCG 0 RCYI 0.315981809
(SEQ ID NO.lOl) (SEQ ID N0.129)
YFC 0 RCY 0.356030441
(SEQ ID NO.102) (SEQ ID NO.130)
RCYN 0 CYR 0.383016975
(SEQ ID N0.36) (SEQ ID N0.131)
FYC 0 GCY 0.388680245
(SEQ ID NO.103) (SEQ ID N0.17)
GYC 0 RCYG 0.422501613
(SEQ ID N0.25) (SEQ ID NO.132)
RCYR 0 RCYA 0.422863366
(SEQ ID NO.104) (SEQ ID NO.133) CYC 0 WCY 0.433679474
(SEQ ID NO.105) (SEQ ID NO.134)
GYCR 0 RCGY 0.439602446
(SEQ ID N0.51) (SEQ ID N0.35)
CYG 0 YCE 0.440729397
(SEQ ID NO.106) (SEQ ID NO.135)
YEC 0 CYD 0.445290753
(SEQ ID NO.107) (SEQ ID NO.136)
VRCY 0 CY 0.516055046
(SEQ ID NO.108) (SEQ ID N0.32)
SCY 0 YCD 0.67074304
(SEQ ID NO.109) (SEQ ID NO.137)
YRC 0 CFY 0.872799404
(SEQ ID NO.110) (SEQ ID NO.138)
YDC 0 CRY 1.102088681
(SEQ ID N0.26) (SEQ ID NO.71)
RCYF 0.019169001 RCYCR 1.146788991
(SEQ ID NO.l l l) (SEQ ID NO.139)
FYCR 0.020633759 YVC 4.196121435
(SEQ ID NO.112) (SEQ ID NO.140)
YCR 0.036315672 Arb 32.242669
(SEQ ID N0.113)
RCYS 0.0382263 阴性对照组 100
(SEQ ID NO.114)
YCF 0.047937278
(SEQ ID N0.27) 表 6、 5分钟时, 不同序列的短多肽抑制酪氨酸酶活性的效果 (序列 Rl n 1 -Cy s-R2n2-Gly-R3 n3 或 Rlnl-Gly-R2n2-Cys-R3n3 ) 序列 Tyrosinase活性 (%) 序列 Tyrosinase活性 (%)
CGS 0 VCG 0.16501671
(SEQ ID NO.141) (SEQ ID N0.149)
CGR 0 CGN 0.184239081
(SEQ ID N0.142) (SEQ ID NO.150)
DCG 0 GCG 0.194596694
(SEQ ID NO.6) (SEQ ID NO.151)
CGD 0 CGV 0.20573982
(SEQ ID N0.143) (SEQ ID N0.152)
CGG 0 ECG 0.332101409
(SEQ ID N0.144) (SEQ ID N0.153)
CGC 0 NCG 0.440803923
(SEQ ID N0.145) (SEQ ID N0.43)
SCG 0 CG 0.496941896 (SEQ ID N0.146) (SEQ ID N0.39)
CCG 0.00758032 Arb 32.242669
(SEQ ID N0.147)
RCG 0.028104759 阴性对照组 100
(SEQ ID N0.148)
KA 0.1059152
(SEQ ID NO.120) 表 7、 5分钟时, 不同序列的短多肽抑制酪氨酸酶活性的效果 (序列
Rl n 1 -Glu-R2n2-Cy s-R3 n3 或 Rlnl-Cys-R2n2-Glu-R3n3 )
Figure imgf000015_0001
表 8、 5分钟时, 不同序列的短多肽抑制酪氨酸酶活性的效果 (序列
Rl n 1 - Arg-R2n2-Tyr-R3 n3 或 Rlnl-Tyr-R2n2-Arg-R3n3 ) 序列 Tyrosinase活性 (%) 序列 Tyrosinase活性 (%)
RSY 0 WRFY 9.830538813
(SEQ ID N0.164) (SEQ ID N0.173)
RFYW 0 RYY 15.8876895
(SEQ ID N0.76) (SEQ ID N0.174)
KA 0.10591521 Arb 32.242669
(SEQ ID NO.120)
RWY 1.04109589 YR 44.9087323
(SEQ ID N0.165) (SEQ ID N0.175)
RFY 1.259403349 YFR 47.37618551
(SEQ ID N0.166) (SEQ ID N0.176)
RIY 2.4216621 RGY 51.92132116
(SEQ ID N0.167) (SEQ ID N0.177) RLY 2.525159817 RY 54.22843594
(SEQ ID N0.168) (SEQ ID NO.70)
RTY 2.608200147 RPYR 82.384621
(SEQ ID N0.169) (SEQ ID N0.178)
RMY 2.708666667 RFYE 83.06501065
(SEQ ID NO.170) (SEQ ID N0.179)
RAY 3.633065449 阴性对照组 100
(SEQ ID N0.171)
RVY 4.551878234
(SEQ ID N0.172) 表 9、 5分钟时, 不同序列的短多肽抑制酪氨酸酶活性的效果(序列 Val-Ser-His-Tyr)
Figure imgf000016_0001
进一步试验 5及 30分钟时, 不同序列的短多肽抑制酪氨酸酶活性效果(仅列出 序列为 Rlnl-Tyr-R2n2-Cys-R3n3 或 Rlnl-Cys-R2n2-Tyr-R3n3的部分)。 表 10所列 结果显示 5和 30分钟分别有不同的抑制效果,本发明的短多肽在 5分钟已有抑制效 果, 至 30分钟仍持续有效, 而以时间经济考虑, 本发明在 5分钟已有足够的抑制效 果。
将本发明所设计的短多肽和熊果素与曲酸比较, 熊果素抑制酪氨酸酶活性在 5 分钟为 32.24%, 至 30分钟时回复至 49.14%, 可推知熊果素在 30分钟已被代谢, 抑制效果已慢慢回复, 而曲酸抑制酪氨酸酶活性在 5 分钟为 0.1%, 至 30 分钟为 0.24%,效果十分显著,然而以效果考虑,本发明所设计的短多肽效果远优于熊果素, 以安全性考虑, 本发明的短多肽比曲酸更为安全, 因此整体而言, 本发明较市售的 美白成分熊果素与曲酸更为优越。
表 10、 分别在 5及 30分钟时, 酪氨酸酶活性被不同序列的短多肽的抑制效果 (序 列 Rlnl-Tyr-R2n2-Cys-R3n3 或 Rlnl-Cys-R2n2-Tyr-R3n3 ) 序列 Tyrosinase活性 序列 Tyrosinase活性 5 min 30 min 5 min 30 min
YCC 0 0 ECY 0.074653674 0.130554158 (SEQ ID N0.86) (SEQ ID NO.115)
CDY 0 0 DYC 0.087482961 0.302584335
(SEQ ID N0.87) (SEQ ID NO.116)
YCN 0 0.140488897 VYCR 0.091795925 0.504389473 (SEQ ID N0.88) (SEQ ID NO.117)
CVY 0 0.05923513 CGY 0.096860964 0 (SEQ ID N0.89) (SEQ ID N0.118)
YGC 0 3.530247154 CYN 0.097461159 0.243517324 (SEQ ID NO.90) (SEQ ID N0.34)
RYC 0 0.312252027 DYCR 0.101490686 0.273056365
(SEQ ID N0.91) (SEQ ID NO.119)
RFYC 0 0.150098847 KA 0.10591521 0.24267145
(SEQ ID N0.16) (SEQ ID NO.120)
YNC 0 0.861511469 VCY 0.109361087 0 (SEQ ID N0.92) (SEQ ID N0.121)
RCYV 0 0 NYCR 0.121654937 0.208785075 (SEQ ID N0.93) (SEQ ID N0.29)
RCYC 0 0.400263592 YCS 0.140878234 0.335180982
(SEQ ID N0.94) (SEQ ID N0.122)
NCY 0 0 CYS 0.148467869 0.429436199 (SEQ ID N0.95) (SEQ ID N0.123)
VYC 0 0.034048589 CNY 0.152249737 0 (SEQ ID N0.96) (SEQ ID N0.124)
YSC 0 0 CCY 0.170952487 0.356391264 (SEQ ID N0.97) (SEQ ID N0.125)
RCYD 0 0.269577529 YCV 0.201675903 0.546470525
(SEQ ID N0.98) (SEQ ID N0.126)
RYCR 0 0 RCYW 0.240532622 0.415660095
(SEQ ID N0.99) (SEQ ID N0.127)
SYCR 0 0.206994126 YC 0.282109105 0.337364536
(SEQ ID NO.lOO) (SEQ ID N0.24)
CSY 0 0.125723179 RCYL 0.306704013 0.432102741 (SEQ ID N0.33) (SEQ ID N0.128)
YCG 0 0.065545331 RCYI 0.315981809 0.753837345
(SEQ ID NO.lOl) (SEQ ID N0.129)
YFC 0 0.038542855 RCY 0.356030441 1.008505766 (SEQ ID NO.102) (SEQ ID NO.130)
RCYN 0 0.214637204 CYR 0.383016975 0.421953156 (SEQ ID N0.36) (SEQ ID N0.131)
FYC 0 0.007075857 GCY 0.388680245 0.163539516
(SEQ ID NO.104) (SEQ ID N0.17)
GYC 0 0.251992166 RCYG 0.422501613 0.044462887 (SEQ ID N0.25) (SEQ ID NO.132) RCYR 0 0 RCYA 0.422863366 0.513454042
(SEQ ID NO.104) (SEQ ID NO.133)
CYC 0 0.013077983 WCY 0.433679474 0.975242241 (SEQ ID NO.105) (SEQ ID NO.134)
GYCR 0 0.167987598 RCGY 0.439602446 0.82807942
(SEQ ID N0.51) (SEQ ID N0.35)
CYG 0 0.248010189 YCE 0.440729397 0.506883249
(SEQ ID NO.106) (SEQ ID NO.135)
YEC 0 11.08214699 CYD 0.445290753 0.370091693 (SEQ ID NO.107) (SEQ ID NO.136)
VRCY 0 1.192089591 CY 0.516055046 1.731438788
(SEQ ID NO.108) (SEQ ID N0.32)
SCY 0 0.056270458 YCD 0.67074304 0.729086611
(SEQ ID NO.109) (SEQ ID NO.137)
YRC 0 0.412643849 CFY 0.872799404 1.034434046
(SEQ ID NO.110) (SEQ ID NO.138)
YDC 0 0.817724888 CRY 1.102088681 0.262336753
(SEQ ID N0.26) (SEQ ID NO.71)
RCYF 0.019169001 0.418457391 RCYCR 1.146788991 1.402089019
(SEQ ID NO.l l l) (SEQ ID NO.139)
FYCR 0.020633759 0.165538253 YVC 4.196121435 40.71233186
(SEQ ID NO.112) (SEQ ID NO.140)
YCR 0.036315672 0.779613411 Arb 32.242669 49.1479689
(SEQ ID N0.113)
RCYS 0.0382263 0.81396443 阴性对照组 100 100
(SEQ ID NO.114)
YCF 0.047937278 14.91477258
(SEQ ID N0.27) 实施例 2: 不同序列的短多肽进行安全性测试结果
I. 药品來源
I.多肽序列为 YD(SEQ ID ΝΟ·185)、 YFR(SEQ ID N0.186)、 GCY(SEQ ID N0.17)及 YC(SEQ ID N0.187)
II. 实验步骤
利用 MTT 试验来测定抑制剂是否含有细胞毒性, 活细胞内粒线体中的琥珀酸 去氢酶 (succinate dehydrogenase) 能将黄色的 MTT还原成紫色的结晶 (formazan), 然后再加入 DMSO 将紫色结晶 (formazan) 溶解, 并以分光光度计测量此溶液在 OD 595nm下的吸光值, 并估算测试物质对细胞生长的影响。
(1) 先配制含 MTT培养液, 每 500 μΐ培养液加入 80 μΐ MTT (原始浓度为 5 mg/ml)。
(2) 将细胞培养液全部吸起, 每个 96孔盘加入 100 μΐ含 MTT培养液 (24-孔盘 中则加入 500 μΐ含 ΜΤΤ培养液), 于 37°C的 5% C02培养箱静置一小时。 (3) 去除细胞培养盘的培养基, 加入适当体积的 DMSO (96-孔盘中加入 200 μ1), 静置 10分钟。以连续波长微孔盘分析系统 (Molecular Devices, SPECTRAMAX M2) 测定波长 550 nm吸光值, 之后以未处理对照组的平均吸光值为 100%, 计算实验组 的吸光值百分比。
III. 实验结果
图 3所列为不同序列的短多肽抑制剂的安全性测试结果。 不同短多肽在 5分钟 时抑制酪胺酸酶活性之效果。从 MTT实验结果中,当加入 5mM的熊果素或是 ImM 的曲酸时, 细胞活性就已经降至 95 %的最低值。 在 MTT assay实验结果中, 加入了 GCY lOO M仍然不影响细胞活性。 而其它抑制剂 YC(SEQ ID N0.187), YD(SEQ ID NO.185), YFR(SEQ ID N0.186)也有相同情形, 所以由以上实验证实: 这四个短多肽 不具有毒性且不会影响细胞活性。 实施例 3: 体内 (In vivo) 黑色素含量分析
在本篇专利中有部分的顺反向化合物, 其抑制效果并不会受到顺反向而有所差 异, 但是也有些顺向与反向化合物的抑制效果可以差距 50%左右, 另一方面, 部分 化合物溶于溶液之后有呈色的情形, 因此为了排除呈色的情形可能会影响吸光值过 高, 并证实本研究所设计的抑制剂在人体也能有同样良好的美白功效, 所以我们挑 选部分化合物 YD(SEQ ID N0.185)、 YFR(SEQ ID N0.186)、 GCY(SEQ ID N0.17)、 YC(SEQ ID N0.187)进行黑色素含量分析。
I. 药品來源
I .多肽序列为 YD、 YFR、 GCY及 YC
II. 实验步骤
将黑色素细胞培养在 24孔盘中,并将不同的抑制剂,以 1, 5, 10, 25, 50及 100 μΜ 的浓度分别培养七天。 七天后, 加入 trypsin/EDTA (0.25%/0.1% in phosphate buffered saline) 短暂培养, 使得细胞分离。 之后将细胞培养液全部吸起, 加入 HBSS清洗两 次, 利用超声波将细胞振碎, 再加入 0.3 ml lN NaOH (70°C), 并置入 50°C的烘箱静 置 10分钟。 最后将溶出的黑色素 (melanin) 混匀后, 取 0.2 ml至 96孔盘, 用分光 光度计测定 OD 405 nm melanin的吸光值。
III. 实验结果
表 11、 YD序列短多肽的黑色素含量分析结果
YD 相对 melanin含量 SD
(SEQ ID N0.185)
阴性对照组 100.00 11.24
1 80.57 1.65
5 78.20 2.98
10 77.94 2.98 25 73.02 10.87
50 80.37 7.97
100 75.72 1.08 kojic acid (0.5mM) 81.87 3.01 kojic acid (ImM) 67.63 2.87
Arbutin (5 mM) 74.52 4.19 表 12、 YFR序列短多肽的黑色素含量分析结果
YFR 相对 melanin含量 SD
(SEQ ID N0.186)
阴性对照组 100.00 10.93
1 91.65 6.06
5 86.78 2.53
10 86.12 0.81
25 84.15 3.29
50 84.48 1.70
100 81.02 1.75 kojic acid (1 mM) 67.63 2.87 kojic acid (0.5 mM) 81.87 3.01
Arbutin (5 mM) 74.52 4.19 表 13、 GCY序列短多肽的黑色素含量分析结果
GCY 相对 melanin含量 SD
(SEQ ID N0.17)
阴性对照组 100.00 7.84
1 107.05 18.26
5 90.40 2.83
10 85.93 5.66
25 92.75 3.28
50 90.47 0.71
100 82.41 2.19 kojic acid (ImM) 67.63 2.87 kojic acid (0.5mM) 81.87 3.01
Arbutin (5 mM) 74.52 4.19 表 14、 YC序列短多肽的黑色素含量分析结果
YC 相对 melanin含量 SD
(SEQ ID N0.187)
阴性对照组 100 5.75
1 96.33 5.13
5 95.00 2.53 10 95.39 1.60
25 100.97 2.19
50 92.26 1.86
100 91.21 4.28
kojic acid (ImM) 67.63 2.87 kojic acid (0.5mM) 81.87 3.01
Arbutin (5 mM) 74.52 4.19 从实验结果中, 可以发现当熊果素加入 5 mM时, 可以使黑色素 (melanin) 的 含量降至 74.52%, 而加入曲酸 I mM时, 就可以使黑色素的含量降至 67.63%, 所以 曲酸的抑制效果在人类酪氨酸酶中也是表现的比熊果素良好。
从表 11的实验结果中,我们可以看到当加入 YD 100 μΜ时,只需熊果素的 0.02 倍剂量即可达到相同的抑制效果, 使得黑色素的含量降至 75%左右; 而当加入 YD 1 μΜ时, 即可达到与加入曲酸 0.5 mM相同的抑制效果, 使得黑色素的含量降至 80% 左右。从表 12的实验结果中,我们可以看到当加入 YFR lOO M时,只需曲酸的 0.2 倍剂量,即可达到与加入曲酸 0.5 mM相同的抑制效果,使得黑色素的含量降至 80% 左右。
所以由以上的数据结果得知: YD, YFR在人类酪氨酸酶中, 的确是有抑制效果 的, 而且其抑制能力甚至优于曲酸以及熊果素。 所以反推回体外洋菇酪氨酸酶活性 测试实验结果, YD, YFR化合物之所以会被误判为抑制效果不佳, 主要是受到化合 物在溶液当中有呈色情形的影响, 进而产生过高的吸光值, 另一方面, 以上数据也 证实了顺反向化合物对于 tyrosinase的抑制效果是差异不大的。
根据 GCY的实验结果 (表 13 ), 从数据中可以得知: 当加入 GCY lOO M时, 只需少许的剂量, 即可达到与加入曲酸 0.5 mM 相同的抑制效果, 使得黑色素 (melanin) 的含量降至 80%左右。 另一方面, YC的实验结果 (表 14) 与 GCY的 实验数据相较之下, 我们可以发现: 在人类酪氨酸酶中, GCY的抑制效果也是优于 YC, 这个情形与在体外洋菇酪氨酸酶活性测试结果中是相符合的。所以根据以上实 验结果, 我们推论: 对于洋菇酪氨酸酶有抑制效果的化合物, 在人类酪氨酸酶中有 可能也具有相同良好的抑制情形。
从 MTT assay的结果, 得知 ImM的曲酸或是 5mM的熊果素, 就已经使得细胞 活性降至最低值 95 %, 而比对体外洋菇酪氨酸酶活性测试实验结果, 得知加入 YD 100 μΜ可以达到与曲酸 ImM或是熊果素 5mM相近的七成抑制效果,但是加入 YD 100 μΜ时并不会影响其细胞活性, 所以从以上两个实验证实: 这些化合物相较于化 妆品工业上常用的曲酸及熊果素, 不仅有良好的抑制效果, 且不具有细胞毒性。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1. 一种酪氨酸酶抑制剂, 其特征是包括如下多肽序列:
Rlnl -Xaa-R2n2-Yaa-R3 n3
其中 Xaa或 Yaa为酪氨酸、 半胱氨酸、 甘氨酸、 谷氨酸或精氨酸中的一种, 取 代基 Rl、 R2或 R3选自甘氨酸、 脂肪性氨基酸、 芳香性氨基酸、 酸性氨基酸、 碱性氨基酸、 羟基氨基酸、 含硫氨基酸或酰胺氨基酸中的一种或多种, 且其中 nl、 n2或 n3为取代基的数目, nl、 n2、 n3分别为 0或 1。
2. 根据权利要求 1所述的酪氨酸酶抑制剂, 其特征是所述多肽序列为:
Rlnl -Tyr-R2n2-Cys-R3 n3
Rlnl -Cy s-R2n2-Tyr-R3 n3,
其中取代基 Rl、 R2或 R3选自甘氨酸、脂肪性氨基酸、 芳香性氨基酸、 酸性氨 基酸、 碱性氨基酸、 羟基氨基酸、 含硫氨基酸或酰胺氨基酸中的一种或多种, 且其中 nl、 n2或 n3为取代基的数目, nl、 n2、 n3分别为 0或 1。
3. 根据权利要求 1所述的酪氨酸酶抑制剂, 其特征是所述多肽序列为:
Rlnl -Cys-R2n2-Gly-R3 n3
Rlnl -Gly-R2n2-Cys-R3 n3,
其中取代基 Rl、 R2或 R3选自甘氨酸、 脂肪性氨基酸、 芳香性氨基酸、 酸性氨 基酸、 碱性氨基酸、 羟基氨基酸、 含硫氨基酸或酰胺氨基酸中的一种或多种, 且其中 nl、 n2或 n3为取代基的数目, nl、 n2、 n3分别为 0或 1。
4. 根据权利要求 1所述的酪氨酸酶抑制剂, 其特征是所述多肽序列为:
Rlnl -Glu-R2n2-Cys-R3 n3
Rlnl -Cy s-R2n2-Glu-R3 n3,
其中取代基 Rl、 R2或 R3选自甘氨酸、 脂肪性氨基酸、 芳香性氨基酸、 酸性氨 基酸、 碱性氨基酸、 羟基氨基酸、 含硫氨基酸或酰胺氨基酸中的一种或多种, 且其中 nl、 n2或 n3为取代基的数目, nl、 n2、 n3分别为 0或 1。
5. 根据权利要求 1所述的酪氨酸酶抑制剂, 其特征是所述多肽序列为:
Rlnl -Arg-R2n2-Tyr-R3 n3
Rlnl -Tyr-R2n2- Arg-R3 n3,
其中取代基 Rl、 R2或 R3选自甘氨酸、 脂肪性氨基酸、 芳香性氨基酸、 酸性氨 基酸、 碱性氨基酸、 羟基氨基酸、 含硫氨基酸或酰胺氨基酸中的一种或多种, 且其中 nl、 n2或 n3为取代基的数目, nl、 n2、 n3分别为 0或 1。
6. 一种酪氨酸酶抑制剂, 其特征是含有多肽序列选自 Tyr-Cys-Cys(SEQ ID N0.1)、 Glu-Cys-Val(SEQ ID N0.2),Cys-Arg(SEQ ID NO.3) , Cys- Asp-Tyr(SEQ ID N0.4)、 Arg-Tyr-Cys-Arg(SEQ ID NO.5) 、 Asp-Cys-Gly(SEQ ID NO.6) 、 Arg-Cys-Tyr-Arg(SEQ ID N0.7), Cys-Gly-Ser(SEQ ID NO.8), Asn-Cys-Ty(SEQ ID N0.9)r、 Phe-Tyr-Cys(SEQ ID NO.10)、 Arg-Cys-Tyr-Val(SEQ ID NO.11)、 Val-Cys-Gly(SEQ ID NO.12)、 Cys-Gly-Tyr(SEQ ID NO.13)、 Tyr-Phe-Cys(SEQ ID NO.14) 、 Cys-Val(SEQ ID NO.15) 、 Arg-Phe-Tyr-Cys(SEQ ID NO.16) 、 Gly-Cys-Tyr(SEQ ID NO.17) Phe-Tyr-Cys- Arg(SEQ ID NO.18)、 Cys-Tyr-Gly(SEQ ID NO.19), Arg-Cys-Tyr(SEQ ID NO.20)、 Val-Ser-His-Tyr(SEQ ID N0.21)、 Tyr-Phe-Arg(SEQ ID N0.22)或 Tyr-Asp(SEQ ID N0.23)的一种或多种。
7. 一种酪氨酸酶抑制剂,其特征是含有多肽序列选自 Arg-Cys-Tyr(SEQ ID NO.20)、 Val-Ser-His-Tyr(SEQ ID NO.21), Gly-Cys-Tyr(SEQ ID NO.17)、 Tyr-Phe-Arg(SEQ ID N0.22)或 Tyr-Asp(SEQ ID N0.23)中的一种或多种。
8. 根据权利要求 1-7任一所述的酪氨酸酶抑制剂, 其特征是所述多肽序列中的一 个或多个氨基酸经过乙酰化、 酰胺化、 甲酰化、 羟基化、 脂质修饰、 甲基化或 磷酸化修饰。
9. 一种抑制酪氨酸酶活性的医药组合物, 其特征是含有如权利要求 1-7任一所述 酪氨酸酶抑制剂。
10. 根据权利要求 9所述的医药组合物,其特征是还包括一种医药学上可接受载体。
11. 根据权利要求 10所述的医药组合物, 其特征是所述载体为赋形剂、稀释剂、增 稠剂、 填充剂、 结合剂、 崩解剂、 润滑剂、 油脂或非油脂的基剂、 界面活性剂、 悬浮剂、 胶凝剂、 辅助剂、 防腐剂、 抗氧化剂、 稳定剂、 着色剂或香料。
12. 一种如权利要求 9所述的医药组合物的应用, 其特征是应用于化妆品、 农产品 或美白剂。
13. 一种减少哺乳动物皮肤中黑色素含量的方法, 其特征是包括将权利要求 1-7任 一所述的酪氨酸酶抑制剂传输至哺乳动物。
14. 根据权利要求 13所述的方法, 其特征是所述酪氨酸酶抑制剂为通过口服、经皮 吸收、 注射或吸入的方式进行传输。
15. 根据权利要求 13所述的方法,其特征是所述的酪氨酸酶抑制剂还包含一种医药 学上可接受的载体。
16. 根据权利要求 13所述的方法, 其特征是所述的哺乳动物为人类。
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EP2875806A1 (en) * 2013-11-20 2015-05-27 Infinitec Activos, S.L. Targeted capsules for the delivery of whitening agents in the skin
WO2015075116A3 (en) * 2013-11-20 2015-09-03 Infinitec Activos, S.L. Targeted capsules for the delivery of skin whitening agents in the skin
EP3095438A1 (en) * 2013-11-20 2016-11-23 Infinitec Activos S.L. New peptides for the prevention and/or treatment of skin dark spots
US10729628B2 (en) 2015-12-24 2020-08-04 Conopco, Inc. Tyrosinase inhibitors

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