JP2016540762A - 白斑の治療のための組成物及び方法 - Google Patents
白斑の治療のための組成物及び方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2016540762A JP2016540762A JP2016535673A JP2016535673A JP2016540762A JP 2016540762 A JP2016540762 A JP 2016540762A JP 2016535673 A JP2016535673 A JP 2016535673A JP 2016535673 A JP2016535673 A JP 2016535673A JP 2016540762 A JP2016540762 A JP 2016540762A
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- vitiligo
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- melanocytes
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Abstract
Description
本出願は、2013年12月2日出願の米国出願第61/910,742号の利益及びそれに対する優先権を主張するものであり、その内容は、参照によりその全体が本明細書に組み込まれる。
少なくとも1個の正味の正電荷と、
最低で4個のアミノ酸と、
最大で約20個のアミノ酸と、
3pmがr+1以下の最大値である、最小数の正味の正電荷(pm)とアミノ酸残基の総数(r)との関係と、aが1である場合にptも1であり得ることを除いて、2aがpt+1以下の最大値である、最小数の芳香族基(a)と正味の正電荷の総数(pt)との関係とを有するペプチドである。特定の実施形態において、対象はヒトである。
(i)水素、
(ii)直鎖または分枝鎖C1〜C6アルキル、
(i)水素、
(ii)直鎖または分枝鎖C1〜C6アルキル、
(iii)C1〜C6アルコキシ、
(iv)アミノ、
(v)C1〜C4アルキルアミノ、
(vi)C1〜C4ジアルキルアミノ、
(vii)ニトロ、
(viii)ヒドロキシル、
(ix)クロロ、フルオロ、ブロモ、及びヨードを含むハロゲンから選択され、
R5、R6、R7、R8、及びR9は各々独立して、
(i)水素、
(ii)直鎖または分枝鎖C1〜C6アルキル、
(iii)C1〜C6アルコキシ、
(iv)アミノ、
(v)C1〜C4アルキルアミノ、
(vi)C1〜C4ジアルキルアミノ、
(vii)ニトロ、
(viii)ヒドロキシル、
(ix)クロロ、フルオロ、ブロモ、及びヨードを含むハロゲンから選択され、
nは1〜5の整数である。
(i)水素、
(ii)直鎖または分枝鎖C1〜C6アルキル、
(i)水素、
(ii)直鎖または分枝鎖C1〜C6アルキル、
(iii)C1〜C6アルコキシ、
(iv)アミノ、
(v)C1〜C4アルキルアミノ、
(vi)C1〜C4ジアルキルアミノ、
(vii)ニトロ、
(viii)ヒドロキシル、
(ix)クロロ、フルオロ、ブロモ、及びヨードを含むハロゲンから選択され、
nは1〜5の整数である。
本明細書で使用する場合のある特定の用語の定義が以下に提供される。別段の定義がない限り、本明細書で使用する全ての技術用語及び科学用語は、概して、本技術が属する技術分野の当業者によって一般に理解されるものと同じ意味を有する。
白斑は、皮膚色素に関与している細胞、メラニン細胞が破壊される色素異常症である。その結果、白色の斑点が体の異なる部位の皮膚に現れる。斑点は、最初は小さいが、それらは、多くの場合、大きくなり、形状が変化する。白斑病変は、どこにでも現れ得るが、最も一般的には、末端部、粘膜(口及び鼻の内側を覆う組織)、網膜、及び生殖器で見られる。他の症状としては、光過敏性の増大、ジニトロクロロベンゼンに対する接触感受性応答の低下、及び白斑による影響を受けた領域で成長する毛髪の早期白色化または灰色化が挙げられる。ブラックライトは、この疾患の初期段階において特定のため、及び治療の有効性を決定するために、使用され得る。白斑を有する皮膚は、ブラックライトに曝露されると、反応を有しない健康な皮膚と対照的に、黄色、緑色、または青色に輝く。
本技術の芳香族カチオン性ペプチドは、水溶性かつ高度に極性である。これらの特性にもかかわらず、本ペプチドは、細胞膜を容易に貫通することができる。芳香族カチオン性ペプチドは、典型的には、ペプチド結合によって共有結合した最低3個のアミノ酸または最低4個のアミノ酸を含む。芳香族カチオン性ペプチド中に存在するアミノ酸の最大数は、ペプチド結合によって共有結合した約20個のアミノ酸である。好適には、アミノ酸の最大数は、約12個、または約9個、または約6個である。
3pmが+1以下の最大数である、正味の正電荷の最少数(pm)とアミノ酸残基の総数(r)との関係と、
aが1である場合にptも1であり得ることを除いて、2aがpt+1以下の最大数である、芳香族基の最少数(a)と正味の正電荷の総数(pt)との関係とを有する。
(i)水素、
(ii)直鎖または分枝鎖C1〜C6アルキル、
(i)水素、
(ii)直鎖または分枝鎖C1〜C6アルキル、
(iii)C1〜C6アルコキシ、
(iv)アミノ、
(v)C1〜C4アルキルアミノ、
(vi)C1〜C4ジアルキルアミノ、
(vii)ニトロ、
(viii)ヒドロキシル、
(ix)クロロ、フルオロ、ブロモ、及びヨードを含むハロゲンから選択され、
R5、R6、R7、R8、及びR9は各々独立して、
(i)水素、
(ii)直鎖または分枝鎖C1〜C6アルキル、
(iii)C1〜C6アルコキシ、
(iv)アミノ、
(v)C1〜C4アルキルアミノ、
(vi)C1〜C4ジアルキルアミノ、
(vii)ニトロ、
(viii)ヒドロキシル、
(ix)クロロ、フルオロ、ブロモ、及びヨードを含むハロゲンから選択され、
nは1〜5の整数である。
(i)水素、
(ii)直鎖または分枝鎖C1〜C6アルキル、
(i)水素、
(ii)直鎖または分枝鎖C1〜C6アルキル、
(iii)C1〜C6アルコキシ、
(iv)アミノ、
(v)C1〜C4アルキルアミノ、
(vi)C1〜C4ジアルキルアミノ、
(vii)ニトロ、
(viii)ヒドロキシル、
(ix)クロロ、フルオロ、ブロモ、及びヨードを含むハロゲンから選択され、
nは1〜5の整数である。
芳香族−カチオン性−芳香族−カチオン性(式III)
カチオン性−芳香族−カチオン性−芳香族(式IV)
芳香族−芳香族−カチオン性−カチオン性(式V)
カチオン性−カチオン性−芳香族−芳香族(式VI)
式中、芳香族は、Phe(F)、Tyr(Y)、Trp(W)、及びシクロへキシルアラニン(Cha)からなる群から選択される残基であり、カチオン性は、Arg(R)、Lys(K)、ノルロイシン(Nle)、及び2−アミノ−ヘプタン酸(Ahe)からなる群から選択される残基である。
atnDap=β−アントラニロイル−L−α,β−ジアミノプロピオン酸
Bio=ビオチン
Cha=シクロへキシルアラニン
d5=重水素
Dab=ジアミノ酪酸
Dap=ジアミノプロピオン酸
Dmp=ジメチルフェニルアラニン
Dmt=ジメチルチロシン
dnsDap=β−ダンシル−L−α,β−ジアミノプロピオン酸
Hmt=2’−ヒドロキシ,6’−メチルチロシン
Mmt=2’−メチルチロシン
Tmt=N,2’,6’−トリメチルチロシン
(a)非極性アミノ酸:Ala(A)Ser(S)Thr(T)Pro(P)Gly(G)Cys(C)、
(b)酸性アミノ酸:Asn(N)Asp(D)Glu(E)Gln(Q)、
(c)塩基性アミノ酸:His(H)Arg(R)Lys(K)、
(d)疎水性アミノ酸:Met(M)Leu(L)Ile(I)Val(V)、及び
(e)芳香族アミノ酸:Phe(F)Tyr(Y)Trp(W)His(H)。
Dap=ジアミノプロピオン酸
Dmt=ジメチルチロシン
Mmt=2’−メチルチロシン
Tmt=N,2’,6’−トリメチルチロシン
Hmt=2’−ヒドロキシ,6’−メチルチロシン
dnsDap=β−ダンシル−L−α,β−ジアミノプロピオン酸
atnDap=β−アントラニロイル−L−α,β−ジアミノプロピオン酸
Bio=ビオチン
概要.いくつかの実施形態において、本明細書に開示される方法は、有効量の芳香族カチオン性ペプチド、またはその薬学的に許容される塩、例えば、酢酸、酒石酸塩、もしくはトリフルオロ酢酸塩を投与することを含む、白斑及び/または白斑の症状の予防、改善、または治療のための療法を提供する。したがって、例えば、1つ以上の芳香族カチオン性ペプチドは、(1)他の活性剤もしくは芳香族カチオン性ペプチドとの組み合わせ製剤において、共製剤化されて、単独もしくは同時に送達または投与され得るか、(2)別々の製剤として交互にまたは並行して送達され得るか、(3)当該技術分野で既知の任意の他の併用療法レジメンによるものであり得る。交互療法において送達されるとき、本明細書に記載される方法は、例えば、別々の溶液、乳状液、懸濁液、錠剤、丸剤、またはカプセル剤内で、または別々の注射器内の異なる注射によって、活性成分を連続して投与または送達することを含み得る。同時療法では、有効用量の2つ以上の活性成分が一緒に投与されるが、一般に、交互療法中には、有効用量の各活性成分は、連続して、即ち、順次に投与される。様々な順序の断続的な併用療法もまた使用され得る。芳香族ペプチド及び他の活性剤のそのような組み合わせを投与することは、医学的疾患及び状態を患い、治療を必要とする対象に治療有効量で投与されるとき、相乗的生物学的効果をもたらすことができる。そのような手法の利点は、低用量の芳香族カチオン性ペプチド及び/または他の活性剤が、対象における白斑を予防、改善、または治療をするために必要とされ得ることである。さらに、治療の潜在的副作用は、低用量の芳香族カチオン性ペプチド及び/または他の活性剤の使用によって回避され得る。
いくつかの実施形態において、本明細書に記載される少なくとも1つの芳香族カチオン性ペプチド、例えば、D−Arg−2’,6’−Dmt−Lys−Phe−NH2、またはその薬学的に許容される塩、例えば、酢酸、酒石酸塩、もしくはトリフルオロ酢酸塩は、白斑を予防または治療するのに有用である。具体的には、本開示は、白斑を患っている、その危険性があるか、またはそれに罹患しやすい対象を治療する予防方法及び治療方法の両方を提供する。したがって、本方法は、有効量の少なくとも1つの芳香族ペプチド、例えば、D−Arg−2’,6’−Dmt−Lys−Phe−NH2、またはその薬学的に許容される塩、例えば、酒石酸塩もしくはトリフルオロ酢酸塩を、それを必要とする対象に投与することによる、対象における白斑の予防及び/または治療を提供する。いくつかの実施形態において、対象は、白斑を予防、治療、または改善することを目的として、少なくとも1つの芳香族カチオン性ペプチドを投与される。
種々の実施形態では、好適なインビトロまたはインビボアッセイを行って、特定の芳香族カチオン性ペプチド系治療薬、及びその投与が治療に適応となるどうかを決定する。様々な実施形態において、インビトロアッセイを、代表的動物モデルを用いて行い、所与の芳香族カチオン性ペプチド系治療薬が、メラニン細胞のT細胞蓄積及び/または細胞毒性死滅を減少させることなど、メラニン細胞変性を低減させることに所望の効果を発揮するかどうかを決定することができる。治療で使用するための化合物は、ヒト対象における試験の前に、ラット、マウス、ニワトリ、ブタ、ウシ、サル、ウサギなどを含むがこれらに限定されない好適な動物モデル系で試験し得る。同様に、インビボ試験についても、当該技術分野で既知の動物モデル系のうちの任意のものを、ヒト対象への投与前に使用することができる。
細胞、臓器、または組織をペプチドと接触させるための当業者に既知の任意の方法を用いてよい。好適な方法としては、インビトロ、エクスビボ、またはインビボ法が挙げられる。インビボ法は、典型的には、上記のものなどの芳香族カチオン性ペプチドを、哺乳動物、好適にはヒトに投与することを含む。治療用にインビボで使用する場合、芳香族カチオン性ペプチドは、有効量(即ち、所望の治療効果を有する量)で対象に投与する。用量及び投薬レジメンは、対象における感染の程度、治療指数などの使用する特定の芳香族カチオン性ペプチドの特徴、対象、及び対象の病歴に依存することになる。
本技術の芳香族カチオン性ペプチドは、プロドラッグ形態で投与することができる。プロドラッグは、それ自体は比較的不活性であるが、酵素変換などのインビボでの化学的または生物学的プロセスにより、それらが使用される対象に導入されるとき、活性化合物に変換する芳香族カチオン性ペプチドの誘導体である。好適なプロドラッグのさらなる説明は、H.Bundgaard,Design of Prodrugs,New York:Elsevier,1985中、R.Silverman,The Organic Chemistry of Drug Design and Drug Action,Boston:Elsevier,2004中、R.L.Juliano(ed.),Biological Approaches to the Controlled Delivery of Drugs(Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences,v.507),New York:N.Y Academy of Sciences,1987中、及びE.B.Roche(ed.),Design of Biopharmaceutical Properties Through Prodrugs and Analogs(Symposium sponsored by Medicinal Chemistry Section,APhAAcademy of Pharmaceutical Sciences,November 1976 national meeting,Orlando,Fla.),Washington:The Academy,1977中に提供される。
いくつかの実施形態では、本技術の芳香族カチオン性ペプチドは、白斑の予防、改善、または治療のために、1つ以上の更なる治療薬と併用してもよい。例えば、白斑の治療は、典型的には、局所ステロイドクリームであるモノベンゾンの塗布、またはソラレン光化学療法の施行を伴う。加えて、非限定的な例として、抗生物質、ホルモン、抗新生物剤、免疫調節剤、皮膚病薬、抗血栓剤、及び抗貧血剤も投与し得る。
いくつかの実施形態において、本技術の少なくとも1つの芳香族カチオン性ペプチド、またはその薬学的に許容される塩、例えば、酢酸、酒石酸塩、もしくはトリフルオロ酢酸塩は、白斑を患っている対象が少なくとも1つの芳香族カチオン性ペプチドでの処置を受ける候補者であるかどうかを決定するために診断アッセイにおいて使用される。
この実施例は、白斑と診断された対象から単離されたメラニン細胞のミトコンドリア膜電位及びATP産生に対するD−Arg−2’,6’−Dmt−Lys−Phe−NH2の効果を実証する。
ミトコンドリア膜電位:メラニン細胞を、白斑を有しない3名のヒト患者(NHM)、及び白斑と診断された3名のヒト患者(VHM)から単離及び培養した。各患者から培養されたメラニン細胞を3つの群に分け、各群を0μM、1.5μM、及び2μMのD−Arg−2’,6’−Dmt−Lys−Phe−NH2で処置した。D−Arg−2’,6’−Dmt−Lys−Phe−NH2を7日間毎日増殖培地に添加した。7日後、メラニン細胞のミトコンドリア膜電位(ΔΨm)を、JC−1プローブで分析した(例えば、JC−1ミトコンドリア膜電位アッセイキット、Cayman Chemical Co.、Ann Arbor、Michiganを参照のこと)。図1は、3つのNHM培養及び3つのVHM培養からのメラニン細胞のミトコンドリア膜電位における平均変化を示す。
図1は、D−Arg−2’,6’−Dmt−Lys−Phe−NH2でのVHMメラニン細胞の処置が、VHMメラニン細胞のミトコンドリア膜電位をほぼ倍にしたことを示す。加えて、D−Arg−2’,6’−Dmt−Lys−Phe−NH2でのVHMメラニン細胞の処置は、VHMメラニン細胞のミトコンドリア膜電位を未処置のNHMメラニン細胞で見られるレベルに戻した。
この実施例は、4−TBP誘発された白斑に対するD−Arg−2’,6’−Dmt−Lys−Phe−NH2の治療効果を実証する。
未処置のメラニン細胞は、4−TBPに曝露されないメラニン細胞(正常)と比較して、4−TBPへの曝露(白斑対照)の後に高レベルの細胞毒性及びアポトーシスを呈することが予期される。しかしながら、D−Arg−2’,6’−Dmt−Lys−Phe−NH2で処置されたメラニン細胞は、4−TBPに曝露されていない正常のメラニン細胞と同様の細胞生存率、及び4−TBP曝露の後の未処置のメラニン細胞よりも高い細胞生存率を示すことが予期される。
この実施例は、4−TBP誘発された白斑に対するD−Arg−2’,6’−Dmt−Lys−Phe−NH2の予防効果を実証する。
対照群内のメラニン細胞は、4−TBPに曝露されないメラニン細胞(正常)と比較して、4−TBPへの曝露の後に高レベルの細胞毒性及びアポトーシスを呈することが予期される。しかしながら、4−TBPとの接触前にD−Arg−2’,6’−Dmt−Lys−Phe−NH2を用いて培養されたメラニン細胞は、4−TBPに曝露されていない正常のメラニン細胞と同様の細胞生存率、及び4−TBP曝露の後の未処置のメラニン細胞よりも高い細胞生存率を示すことが予期される。
この実施例は、白斑皮膚外植片モデルにおけるT細胞蓄積及び細胞毒性活性に対するD−Arg−2’,6’−Dmt−Lys−Phe−NH2の効果を実証する。
未処置の白斑対象由来の自己皮膚外植片は、正常な対象から回収された皮膚外植片と比較して、高レベルのT細胞蓄積及びメラニン細胞破壊を呈することが予期される。D−Arg−2’,6’−Dmt−Lys−Phe−NH2で処置された対象由来の皮膚外植片は、正常な対象から回収された皮膚外植片と同様のT細胞蓄積及びメラニン細胞生存率を示すことがさらに予期される。D−Arg−2’,6’−Dmt−Lys−Phe−NH2で処置された対象由来の皮膚外植片は、未処置の白斑外植片よりも高いメラニン細胞生存率を示すことがさらに予期される。
この実施例は、白斑マウスモデルの毛における進行性色素脱失に対するD−Arg−2’,6’−Dmt−Lys−Phe−NH2の効果を実証する。
未処置の白斑マウスは、引き抜いた後に有色素の毛の白色の毛による進行性の置換を示すことが予期される。D−Arg−2’,6’−Dmt−Lys−Phe−NH2で処置された白斑マウスは、未処置の白斑マウスと比較して、背側の毛を引き抜いた2週間後に進行性色素脱失の比率の減少を示すことがさらに予期される。
Harris et al.,Journal of Investigative Dermatology,132:1869−1876(2012)に記載される白斑マウスを得る。この白斑の養子移入マウスモデルは、毛を残しながら表皮色素脱失を誘発することによってヒトの状態を再現する。これらのマウスを2つの群にさらに分割する。マウスI群は、1日用量0.25mg/kg/日のD−Arg−2’,6’−Dmt−Lys−Phe−NH2を4週間投与され、一方、白斑マウスII群は、薬品ビヒクルで処置され、対照としての機能を果たす。尾、鼻、及び足の肉球などの表皮組織内の色素の損失を、光学顕微鏡検査を介して監視する。
これらの未処置の白斑マウスは、尾、鼻、及び足の肉球などの表皮組織内の色素の進行性損失を示すことが予期される。D−Arg−2’,6’−Dmt−Lys−Phe−NH2で処置された白斑マウスは、未処置の白斑マウスと比較して、表皮組織内の色素脱失の重症度の軽減を示すことがさらに予期される。
等価物
Claims (25)
- メラニン細胞変性を引き起こす生化学的または代謝経路を崩壊することにより哺乳類細胞を処置するための方法であって、前記細胞を治療有効量のペプチドD−Arg−2’,6’−Dmt−Lys−Phe−NH2またはその薬学的に許容される塩と接触させ、それによりメラニン細胞変性を処置または改善することを含む、前記方法。
- 前記哺乳類細胞が、インサイチュまたはエクスビボのいずれかである、請求項1に記載の前記方法。
- 前記メラニン細胞変性が、ビオプテリン、フェノール、またはカテコールの代謝異常に起因する、請求項1に記載の前記方法。
- 前記メラニン細胞変性が、4−TBPなどのフェノール/カテコール誘導体への曝露によって引き起こされるストレスに起因する、請求項1に記載の前記方法。
- 前記メラニン細胞変性が、自己免疫反応に起因する、請求項1に記載の前記方法。
- 前記メラニン細胞変性が、少なくとも1つの遺伝子突然変異を伴う、請求項1に記載の前記方法。
- 前記遺伝子突然変異が、NLRP1、TYR、HLAクラスI、HLAクラスII、HLAクラスIII、PTPN22、XBP1、IL2RA、LPP、RERE、FOXP1、TSLP、CCR6、GZMB、UBASH3A、C1QTNF6、及びFOXP3からなる群にある、請求項6に記載の前記方法。
- 白斑の治療を、それを必要とする対象において行うための方法であって、治療有効量のペプチドD−Arg−2’,6’−Dmt−Lys−Phe−NH2またはその薬学的に許容される塩を投与し、それにより白斑の少なくとも1つの症状を治療または改善することを含む、前記方法。
- 前記症状が、光過敏性の増大、ジニトロクロロベンゼンに対する接触感受性応答の低下、皮膚、粘膜(口及び鼻の内側を覆う組織)、網膜、または生殖器の色素脱失、及び頭毛、睫毛、眉、または髭の早期白色化または灰色化からなる群より選択される、請求項8に記載の前記方法。
- 白斑が、自己免疫性甲状腺疾患(橋本甲状腺炎及びグレーブス病)、悪性貧血、リウマチ性関節炎、乾癬、I型糖尿病、アジソン病、セリアック病、炎症性腸疾患、及び全身性エリテマトーデスのうちの1つ以上を伴う、請求項8に記載の前記方法。
- 白斑が、少なくとも1つの遺伝子突然変異を伴う、請求項8に記載の前記方法。
- 前記遺伝子突然変異が、NLRP1、TYR、HLAクラスI、HLAクラスII、HLAクラスIII、PTPN22、XBP1、IL2RA、LPP、RERE、FOXP1、TSLP、CCR6、GZMB、UBASH3A、C1QTNF6、及びFOXP3からなる群にある、請求項11に記載の前記方法。
- 前記ペプチドが、経口、局所、系統、静脈内、皮下、腹腔内、または筋肉内投与される、請求項8に記載の前記方法。
- T細胞蓄積及び哺乳類細胞の細胞毒性死滅を低減させるための方法であって、前記細胞を治療有効量のペプチドD−Arg−2’,6’−Dmt−Lys−Phe−NH2またはその薬学的に許容される塩と接触させ、それによりT細胞蓄積及び前記細胞周辺の細胞毒性死滅を低減させることを含む、前記方法。
- 対象における進行性表皮色素脱失の速度を低下させるための方法であって、それを必要とする前記対象に、治療有効量のペプチドD−Arg−2’,6’−Dmt−Lys−Phe−NH2またはその薬学的に許容される塩を投与し、それにより表皮色素脱失を治療または改善することを含む、前記方法。
- 1つ以上の芳香族カチオン性ペプチドでの処置のために対象を特定するための診断アッセイであって、前記対象が白斑と診断され、
前記対象から組織を切除することであって、前記組織が、白斑の発現型または症状を呈する、切除することと、
前記組織からメラニン細胞を単離することと、
前記単離されたメラニン細胞を培養することと、
前記メラニン細胞を少なくとも2つの群に分けることと、
第1のメラニン細胞群を少なくとも1つの芳香族カチオン性ペプチドで処置することと、
第2のメラニン細胞群をビヒクル対照で処置することと、
前記第1及び第2のメラニン細胞群を少なくとも1つの治療効果についてアッセイすることと、
前記第1のメラニン細胞群の前記少なくとも1つの治療効果を、前記第2のメラニン細胞群の前記少なくとも1つの治療効果と比較することと、を含む、前記診断アッセイ。 - 前記少なくとも1つの治療効果が、ミトコンドリア膜電位の増加、ATP産生の増加、細胞生存または増殖の増加、及びメラニン産生の増加からなる群より選択される1つ以上の治療効果である、請求項16に記載の前記診断アッセイ。
- 前記第1及び第2のメラニン細胞群の前記少なくとも1つの治療効果を、白斑と診断されていない少なくとも1名の対象由来のメラニン細胞からアッセイされた少なくとも1つの治療影響と比較することをさらに含む、請求項16に記載の前記診断アッセイ。
- 前記対象が、前記対象が全体表の15%〜50%を侵す非区域性白斑(NSV)の確定診断を有し、NSVが頭及び首を侵し、3ヶ月の期間にわたる安定したまたは緩徐進行性の白斑であること、前記対象が少なくとも13歳であること、及び前記対象が少なくとも2×2cmの大きさの少なくとも1つの白斑病変を有することからなる群より選択される1つ以上の基準に基づいて処置の候補者として選択される、請求項16に記載の前記診断アッセイ。
- 前記対象由来の未処置のメラニン細胞と比較して、前記対象由来の芳香族カチオン性ペプチド処置されたメラニン細胞において、ミトコンドリア膜電位、ATP産生、細胞生存、細胞増殖、またはメラニン産生が約1%〜50%、5%〜40%、10%〜30%、または15%〜25%増加した場合、前記対象が少なくとも1つの芳香族カチオン性ペプチドでの処置のために選択される、請求項16に記載の前記診断アッセイ。
- 前記対象由来の芳香族カチオン性ペプチド処置されたメラニン細胞の前記ミトコンドリア膜電位、ATP産生、細胞生存、細胞増殖、またはメラニン産生が、約1%〜50%、5%〜40%、10%〜30%、または15%〜25%だけ正常レベルに戻った場合、前記対象が少なくとも1つの芳香族カチオン性ペプチドでの処置のために選択され、ミトコンドリア膜電位、ATP産生、細胞生存、細胞増殖、またはメラニン産生の正常レベルが、白斑と診断されていない少なくとも1名の対象由来のメラニン細胞をアッセイすることによって確立される、請求項16に記載の前記診断アッセイ。
- 白斑と診断された対象の芳香族カチオン性ペプチド治療を監視するためのアッセイであって、芳香族カチオン性治療を受けている白斑対象の1つ以上の罹患皮膚領域から組織を切除することと、前記組織からメラニン細胞を単離することと、前記単離されたメラニン細胞を培養することと、前記単離されたメラニン細胞を少なくとも1つの治療効果についてアッセイすることと、前記治療効果を、メラニン細胞の細胞エネルギー、メラニン産生、及び/または細胞増殖の正常化されたレベルと比較することと、を含む、前記アッセイ。
- 前記少なくとも1つの治療効果が、ミトコンドリア膜電位の増加、ATP産生の増加、細胞生存または増殖の増加、及びメラニン産生の増加からなる群より選択される1つ以上の治療効果である、請求項22に記載の前記アッセイ。
- 芳香族カチオン性ペプチドでの処置の前記治療効果を、前記芳香族カチオン性ペプチドでの処置前の前記白斑対象由来のメラニン細胞の細胞エネルギー、メラニン産生、及び/または細胞増殖の最初のレベルと比較することをさらに含む、請求項22に記載の前記アッセイ。
- 白斑療法の有効性を決定するためのスクリーニングアッセイであって、
白斑と診断された対象の罹患皮膚領域から組織を切除することと、前記組織からメラニン細胞を単離することと、前記単離されたメラニン細胞を培養することと、前記メラニン細胞を2つ以上の群に分けることと、メラニン細胞群のうちの少なくとも1つを少なくとも1つの芳香族カチオン性ペプチドで処置することと、メラニン細胞群のうちの少なくとも1つをビヒクル対照で処置することと、メラニン細胞群のうちの少なくとも1つを白斑療法で処置することと、前記メラニン細胞を芳香族カチオン性ペプチド及び前記白斑療法での処置による治療効果についてアッセイすることと、芳香族カチオン性ペプチドでの処置の前記治療効果を前記白斑療法での処置の前記治療効果と比較することと、を含む、前記スクリーニングアッセイ。
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