WO2012001882A1 - 蒸気発生器用伝熱管およびその製造方法 - Google Patents
蒸気発生器用伝熱管およびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012001882A1 WO2012001882A1 PCT/JP2011/003194 JP2011003194W WO2012001882A1 WO 2012001882 A1 WO2012001882 A1 WO 2012001882A1 JP 2011003194 W JP2011003194 W JP 2011003194W WO 2012001882 A1 WO2012001882 A1 WO 2012001882A1
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
- F22B37/00—Component parts or details of steam boilers
- F22B37/02—Component parts or details of steam boilers applicable to more than one kind or type of steam boiler
- F22B37/10—Water tubes; Accessories therefor
- F22B37/12—Forms of water tubes, e.g. of varying cross-section
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C19/00—Devices for straightening wire or like work combined with or specially adapted for use in connection with drawing or winding machines or apparatus
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C3/00—Profiling tools for metal drawing; Combinations of dies and mandrels
- B21C3/02—Dies; Selection of material therefor; Cleaning thereof
- B21C3/10—Dies; Selection of material therefor; Cleaning thereof with hydraulic forces acting immediately on work
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C9/00—Cooling, heating or lubricating drawing material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D22/00—Shaping without cutting, by stamping, spinning, or deep-drawing
- B21D22/20—Deep-drawing
- B21D22/201—Work-pieces; preparation of the work-pieces, e.g. lubricating, coating
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D3/00—Straightening or restoring form of metal rods, metal tubes, metal profiles, or specific articles made therefrom, whether or not in combination with sheet metal parts
- B21D3/02—Straightening or restoring form of metal rods, metal tubes, metal profiles, or specific articles made therefrom, whether or not in combination with sheet metal parts by rollers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D3/00—Straightening or restoring form of metal rods, metal tubes, metal profiles, or specific articles made therefrom, whether or not in combination with sheet metal parts
- B21D3/02—Straightening or restoring form of metal rods, metal tubes, metal profiles, or specific articles made therefrom, whether or not in combination with sheet metal parts by rollers
- B21D3/04—Straightening or restoring form of metal rods, metal tubes, metal profiles, or specific articles made therefrom, whether or not in combination with sheet metal parts by rollers arranged on axes skew to the path of the work
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D51/00—Making hollow objects
- B21D51/16—Making hollow objects characterised by the use of the objects
- B21D51/24—Making hollow objects characterised by the use of the objects high-pressure containers, e.g. boilers, bottles
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/004—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Cr and Ni
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C19/00—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
- C22C19/03—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel
- C22C19/05—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/10—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of nickel or cobalt or alloys based thereon
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
- F28D2021/0019—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for
- F28D2021/0061—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for for phase-change applications
- F28D2021/0064—Vaporizers, e.g. evaporators
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
- F28F1/10—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses
- F28F1/40—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only inside the tubular element
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a heat transfer tube used for a steam generator of nuclear power or thermal power generation equipment, and a method for manufacturing the same. More particularly, the present invention relates to a heat transfer tube for a steam generator that can improve inspection efficiency by inspection by eddy current flaw detection from the inner surface of the tube, and a manufacturing method thereof.
- Steam generator heat transfer tube A small-diameter long heat transfer tube used for steam generators in nuclear power plants and thermal power generation facilities.
- a steam generator heat transfer tube for nuclear power generation is also abbreviated herein as an SG (steam generator) tube.
- U-shaped SG tubes used in heat exchangers such as steam generators and feedwater heaters used in nuclear power plants are manufactured by bending a long and thin heat transfer tube into a U shape.
- This U-shaped SG tube is inspected to detect flaws from the inner surface of the tube by eddy current testing as a pre-use inspection after being installed in a heat exchanger and as a periodic inspection after being used for a certain period of time. Is called.
- the inspection standard for eddy current flaw detection from the inner surface of the pipe is extremely strict in order to ensure the safety of nuclear power generation facilities.
- FIG. 1 is an example of a chart showing the results of eddy current flaw detection from the inner surface of the tube.
- the chart shows a signal S from a standard flaw determined by an inspection standard and a signal N having a constant period P.
- This signal N called base noise, is caused by minute dimensional fluctuations that occur in the axial direction of the tube, prevents erroneous detection as a signal due to detection flaws, makes flaw determination quickly, and improves inspection efficiency. In order to improve, it is necessary to reduce the magnitude of the signal N as much as possible.
- S / N ratio the ratio between the signal S and the signal N from the standard flaw
- the eddy current flaw detection from the inner surface is performed automatically based on the signal shown in the chart, if the base noise is large, that is, if the S / N ratio is small, the signal from the minute defect is hidden in the base noise. As a result, it becomes difficult to distinguish micro defects from base noise.
- Such SG tubes are generally manufactured by a manufacturing process that includes the following procedure: (1) Finish the tube to a predetermined dimension in the cold working process, (2) In the solution heat treatment process, the residual stress of the pipe is removed and the structure of the pipe is made uniform. (3) The bend and ellipse generated in the tube due to residual stress in the solution heat treatment process are corrected using a roll straightener in the correction process.
- a cold rolling method (Pilger rolling) using a pilger mill using a roll and a mandrel, and a drawing process using a tool such as a die or a plug are employed.
- a chemical conversion lubricating film is generally applied to the inner and outer surfaces of the drawn pipe. Form and lubricate.
- the SG tube has a small diameter and a long length, it takes a long time to form the chemical conversion treatment lubricating coating, requires a great number of man-hours for processing, and the chemicals to be used are relatively expensive, resulting in a high working cost. .
- the formation treatment of the chemical conversion treatment lubricating film is required when manufacturing an SG pipe made of the Ni-based alloy. The work cost required for this is further increased.
- High-pressure drawing (forced lubrication drawing method) is frequently used in drawing processing to obtain an SG tube made of a Ni-based high alloy.
- High-pressure drawing is a kind of cold drawing process in which lubrication is performed with an oil-lubricated film, which stabilizes the cold drawing process and has a great effect on improving the quality of the drawn pipe.
- Pipe drawing by high pressure drawing is usually performed in the following procedure: (1) After the lubricating oil is filled in the high-pressure vessel in which the pipe that is the workpiece is inserted, the lubricating oil is pressurized with a pressure intensifier. (2) forming a lubricating oil film between a die in which the pressurized lubricating oil is in close contact with the open end of the tube and the high-pressure vessel and a plug fixed at the processing position; (3) In a state where the inner and outer surfaces of the pipe are forcibly lubricated by the formed lubricating oil film, the pipe is pulled out and finished to a predetermined size with a tool.
- Patent Document 1 is a method of manufacturing a small-diameter long tube by cold working using high-pressure drawing, and at least the final cold working with a thinning process is performed with a high-pressure lubricating oil of 500 kgf / cm 2 or more.
- a drawing method of a metal pipe for plug drawing There has been proposed a drawing method of a metal pipe for plug drawing.
- at least the final cold working with a thinning process is performed by high-pressure drawing using a high-pressure lubricating oil, so that seizure does not occur in the obtained metal pipe, and the dimensional variation in the pipe axis direction is reduced. It is said that it can be reduced.
- Inclined roll straightening machines have many configurations depending on the combination of the number, arrangement (up and down, left and right direction) and arrangement (opposite type, staggered type) of rolls. A roll straightening machine is used.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of a roll arrangement of the inclined roll type straightening machine.
- the roll straightening machine is provided with a plurality of pairs of straightening rolls Ra and Rb (collectively referred to as R) that are opposed to each other in the vertical direction with the directions of the rotation axes crossing each other.
- a roll straightening machine having such a roll arrangement is referred to as a (2-2-2-1) type straightening machine.
- the facing interval and the crossing angle of the pair of straightening rolls Ra1 and Rb1 can be individually adjusted.
- the height direction positions of the pair of straightening rolls Ra2 and Rb2 adjacent to the pair of straightening rolls Ra1 and Rb1 can be individually adjusted.
- the distance between the pair of straightening rolls Ra1 and Rb1 and the adjacent pair of straightening rolls Ra2 and Rb2, that is, the stand distance can also be individually adjusted.
- the crossing angle ⁇ of the rotation axis of each straightening roll R with respect to the straightened pipe 1 that is, the roll angle is adjusted so that the surface of the straightening roll 1 follows the surface of the straightening roll.
- the opposing distance between the straightening rolls Ra1 and Rb1 is set to be slightly smaller than the outer diameter of the straight pipe 1 to give a crash, and the offset is adjusted by adjusting the crash height of a pair of adjacent straightening rolls Ra2 and Rb2.
- Patent Document 2 Various proposals have conventionally been made regarding a method of correcting a pipe using a roll straightening machine, for example, Patent Documents 2 and 3.
- Patent Document 2 at least the outer layer portion of the roll body uses a correction roll formed of an elastic body having a hardness Hs of 50 to 100 according to a spring hardness test (A type) defined in JIS K 6301.
- a type spring hardness test
- JIS K 6301. there is described a method for correcting a pipe that can be inspected with a high S / N ratio in eddy current flaw detection from the inner surface of the pipe.
- Patent Document 2 a (2-2-2-1) type straightening machine is used as a roll straightening machine, and the offset amount is as large as 10 to 11 mm. Further, the example of Patent Document 2 shows the variation of the outer dimensions of the obtained SG tube, and its value is 0.004 to 0.005 mm, but is given to the tube by cold working or straightening. Since the stress is different between the outer surface and the inner surface, the dimensional variation in the longitudinal direction of the tube is also different between the inner surface and the outer surface. Therefore, it is unclear whether or not the dimensional variation in the longitudinal direction of the pipe inner surface can be suppressed even if correction is performed by the roll straightening machine described in Patent Document 2. The S / N ratio of the SG tube shown in the example of Patent Document 2 is as low as 20-50.
- Patent Document 3 when the ⁇ defined by the above equation (1) satisfies a predetermined range, the obtained pipe is made to have a high S / N ratio by inspection by eddy current flaw detection from the inner surface. You can do that.
- the example of Patent Document 3 shows the S / N ratio of an SG tube corrected using an (2-2-2-1) type straightening machine equipped with three pairs of straightening rolls and an offset amount of 6 mm or more. The value is 32 to 91. Moreover, in the Example of patent document 3, the dimensional variation of the inner surface of SG tube is not examined.
- the present invention has been made in view of such a situation, and can reduce the amount of dimensional fluctuation on the inner surface of the tube after correction, enable inspection at a high S / N ratio, and improve inspection efficiency. It aims at providing the heat exchanger tube for steam generators, and its manufacturing method.
- the present inventors examined the influence of the longitudinal dimension variation of the tube inner surface on the S / N ratio in the tube inner surface inspection by eddy current flaw detection. It has been found that the effect on is small.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an example of a roughness curve in the longitudinal direction on the inner surface of a pipe manufactured by a manufacturing process including a cold working process, a solution heat treatment process, and a straightening process.
- the roughness curve shown in the figure is a tube obtained by an example described later using a surface roughness measuring instrument (manufactured by Tokyo Seimitsu Co., Ltd., model: Surfcom 1500SD3), and the surface roughness of the inner surface of the tube after correction is shown. This is a measure of the thickness.
- a detector having a contact portion diameter of 4 ⁇ m and a 60 ° conical diamond shape was used.
- the roughness curve in the longitudinal direction of the inner surface of the tube produced as shown in the figure has a form in which fluctuations of a short period as shown by a two-dot chain line are added to a swell of a period of about 35 mm. .
- This short period fluctuation hardly affects the S / N ratio due to eddy current flaw detection, but the long period waviness greatly affects the S / N ratio.
- the diameter of the contact portion of the detector used when measuring the longitudinal dimension fluctuation of the inner surface of the tube It is effective to increase.
- the present inventors have found that, in a long period of waviness, the fluctuation width of the waviness, that is, the amount of dimensional fluctuation greatly affects the S / N ratio.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram for explaining the dimensional variation amount in the longitudinal direction of the inner surface of the pipe defined in the present invention.
- the figure shows a roughness curve in the longitudinal direction of the inner surface of the tube, the horizontal axis indicates the position (mm) in the longitudinal direction of the tube, and the vertical axis indicates the height ( ⁇ m).
- the dimensional variation amount in the longitudinal direction of the tube inner surface defined in the present invention is measured using a detector having a roughness curve with a radius of the contact portion of 0.8 mm.
- the maximum value and the minimum value in the range of 50 mm extracted from this roughness curve are obtained, and the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value is taken as the dimensional fluctuation amount in the longitudinal direction of the pipe inner surface.
- the dimensional fluctuation amount in the longitudinal direction of the inner surface of the pipe that has undergone the straightening process has a correlation with the dimensional fluctuation quantity before undergoing the straightening process, and in general, the dimensional fluctuation quantity increases by the straightening process.
- the dimensional fluctuation quantity increases by the straightening process.
- pilger rolling is used in the cold working process, a significant dimensional change occurs in the longitudinal direction of the inner surface of the tube in the cold working process, and a significant dimensional change remains after correction, so that S / Deteriorate N ratio.
- the amount of dimensional variation that occurs in the longitudinal direction of the inner surface of the pipe in the cold working process can be reduced by using the drawing process as compared with the case of using pilger rolling. This is because the drawing process is performed by drawing with a die and a plug, so that the inner surface of the obtained tube becomes smooth. Furthermore, by using drawing by high-pressure drawing, the amount of dimensional variation that occurs in the longitudinal direction of the inner surface of the tube in the cold working process can be further reduced. For this reason, it discovered that a drawing process was suitable for the cold working process using a high-pressure lubricating oil of 40 MPa or more.
- the amount of dimensional variation on the inner surface of the pipe increases due to the straightening process is greatly influenced by the specifications of the roll straightening machine such as the offset amount, the number of straightening roll pairs (the number of stands), and the stand distance.
- the number of straightening roll pairs provided in the roll straightening machine is small, the amount of processing per pair of straightening rolls will increase, and the pipe will be bent greatly when straightening, so the dimensional variation of the straightened pipe will be significant.
- the amount of processing per pair of straightening rolls is reduced, and the dimensional variation in the longitudinal direction of the pipe inner surface due to straightening. It has been found that the amount can be reduced from increasing.
- the present invention has been completed on the basis of the above knowledge, and is summarized as a heat transfer tube for a steam generator (1) to (4) below and a method for producing a heat transfer tube for a steam generator (5) and (6) below. It is said.
- the surface roughness of the inner surface of the tube is measured in the longitudinal direction, the amount of dimensional variation in the range of 50 mm extracted from the measured roughness curve is 4 ⁇ m or less, and the amount of bending from the tube end to the 1000 mm position is 1 mm or less.
- a heat transfer tube for a steam generator characterized in that
- a heat transfer tube for a steam generator characterized by being manufactured by:
- the chemical composition of the tube is, by mass%, C: 0.15% or less, Si: 1.00% or less, Mn: 2.0% or less, P: 0.030% or less, S: 0.00. 030% or less, Cr: 10.0 to 40.0%, Ni: 8.0 to 80.0%, Ti: 0.5% or less, Cu: 0.6% or less, Al: 0.5% or less and N:
- the heat transfer tube for a steam generator according to any one of (1) to (3) above, containing 0.20% or less and the balance being Fe and impurities.
- At least five pairs of hourglass shapes in which pipes that have been cold drawn using a high-pressure lubricating oil of 40 MPa or more and have been subjected to solution heat treatment are opposed to each other in the vertical direction with the directions of the rotation axes intersecting each other.
- a roll straightening machine having a stand distance of 300 mm or less provided with straightening rolls, it is formed at three positions corresponding to the tube axis at the intersection of at least three consecutive upper and lower straightening rolls of the roll straightening machine.
- a method for producing a heat transfer tube for a steam generator characterized in that an ⁇ defined by the following formula (1) is 0.9 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 or more and an offset amount of 5 mm or less is imparted to the tube.
- the chemical composition of the tube is, by mass%, C: 0.15% or less, Si: 1.00% or less, Mn: 2.0% or less, P: 0.030% or less, S: 0.00. 030% or less, Cr: 10.0 to 40.0%, Ni: 8.0 to 80.0%, Ti: 0.5% or less, Cu: 0.6% or less, Al: 0.5% or less and N: It contains 0.20% or less, remainder consists of Fe and impurities,
- the manufacturing method of the heat exchanger tube for steam generators as described in said (5) characterized by the above-mentioned.
- the heat transfer tube for the steam generator of the present invention has a dimensional fluctuation amount of 4 ⁇ m or less in the longitudinal direction of the inner surface of the tube, so that it is possible to perform inspection by eddy current testing at a high S / N ratio when manufacturing the tube. Inspection efficiency can be improved.
- the manufacturing method of the heat exchanger tube for a steam generator of the present invention has the following remarkable effects.
- the tube is straightened as follows. Thereby, it can reduce that the amount of dimensional fluctuations in the longitudinal direction of the inner surface of the pipe increases due to the correction.
- the amount of dimensional variation in the longitudinal direction of the tube inner surface is 4 ⁇ m or less and the amount of bending from the tube end to the 1000 mm position It is possible to manufacture a tube having a diameter of 1 mm or less.
- FIG. 1 is an example of a chart showing the results of eddy current flaw detection from the inner surface of a tube.
- FIG. 2 is a view showing a roll arrangement example of the inclined roll type straightening machine.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example of a roughness curve in the longitudinal direction on the inner surface of a pipe manufactured by a manufacturing process including a cold working process, a solution heat treatment process, and a straightening process.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram for explaining the dimensional variation amount in the longitudinal direction of the inner surface of the pipe defined in the present invention.
- the heat transfer tube for a steam generator of the present invention measures the surface roughness of the inner surface of the tube in the longitudinal direction, and the dimensional variation in the range of 50 mm extracted from the measured roughness curve is 4 ⁇ m or less, and 1000 mm from the tube end. The amount of bending until is 1 mm or less.
- the “size fluctuation amount” means a difference between the maximum value and the minimum value in the range of 50 mm extracted from the measured roughness curve.
- the dimensional variation in the longitudinal direction on the inner surface of the SG tube exceeds 4 ⁇ m, the S / N ratio in the eddy current flaw is lowered and the inspection efficiency is deteriorated.
- the dimensional variation in the longitudinal direction on the inner surface of the SG tube is 4 ⁇ m or less, inspection by eddy current flaw detection becomes possible with a high S / N ratio, and the inspection efficiency can be improved.
- the method of manufacturing a heat transfer tube for a steam generator according to the present invention is a vertically drawn tube in which a cold drawn process is performed using a high-pressure lubricating oil of 40 MPa or more and a solution heat treatment is performed in a state where the directions of rotation axes intersect with each other.
- the pressure of the lubricating oil used in cold drawing by high-pressure drawing is less than 40 MPa, a lubricating oil film having a sufficient thickness is not formed between the tool and the pipe, and seizure or vibration occurs, resulting in the length generated on the inner surface of the pipe.
- the amount of dimensional variation in the direction increases. Therefore, the pressure of the lubricating oil is set to 40 MPa or more.
- the pressure of the lubricating oil is preferably 50 MPa or more.
- the pressure of the lubricating oil is preferably 150 MPa or less.
- Oil pits generated on the inner surface of the pipe appear as dimensional fluctuations with a short period in the roughness curve, so the effect on the S / N ratio in inspection by eddy current testing is small, but the inner surface roughness such as arithmetic average roughness is reduced.
- a variety of conventionally used methods can be used for the solution heat treatment, and the temperature at which the tube is heated during the solution heat treatment and the time for maintaining the temperature are determined appropriately from the dimensions and chemical composition of the tube. Can be determined.
- the solution heat treatment can be performed on the tube at a heating temperature of 1000 to 1300 ° C. and a holding time of 5 to 15 minutes, for example.
- the tube is straightened using a roll straightening machine having a stand distance of 300 mm or less provided with at least five pairs of hourglass straightening rolls arranged in the vertical direction so that the directions of the rotation axes intersect each other.
- a roll straightening machine equipped with at least 5 pairs of straightening rolls the processing per pair of straightening rolls is faster than a conventional straightening machine of type (2-2-2-1) with 3 pairs of straightening rolls.
- Tube bending and ellipses can be corrected while reducing the amount. When the stand distance exceeds 300 mm, the bend cannot be corrected unless the offset amount is increased. If the offset is increased for correction, the dimensional fluctuation amount of the inner surface of the tube after correction increases.
- ⁇ defined by the above equation (1) By setting ⁇ defined by the above equation (1) to 0.9 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 or more, the ellipse and the bend of the tube can be corrected. On the other hand, if ⁇ defined by the above equation (1) is less than 0.9 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 , bending remains in the straightened tube, resulting in a product defect.
- the amount of offset applied to the tube By setting the amount of offset applied to the tube to 5 mm or less, the amount of processing per pair of straightening rolls is reduced and the bending of the tube during correction is reduced. Can be reduced.
- the amount of offset applied to the tube exceeds 5 mm, the amount of dimensional variation in the longitudinal direction of the inner surface of the tube significantly increases due to correction.
- the method for producing a heat transfer tube for a steam generator according to the present invention performs cold drawing using a high-pressure lubricating oil of 40 MPa or more, and ⁇ defined by the formula (1) is 0.9 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 or more, And an offset amount of 5 mm or less is given to the pipe, and the pipe is straightened with a roll straightening machine.
- the heat transfer tube for the steam generator to be manufactured has a dimension variation in the longitudinal direction of the inner surface of the tube of 4 ⁇ m or less, and a bending amount from the tube end to the 1000 mm position of 1 mm or less, and by eddy current flaw detection with a high S / N ratio. Inspection is possible, and inspection efficiency can be improved.
- the pair of straightening rolls may be three pairs on the entry side, three pairs excluding the entry and exit sides, or three pairs on the exit side.
- the straightening roll angle and the crash amount which are the setting conditions of the roll straightening machine, can be appropriately determined from the dimensions and material of the pipe to be straightened.
- the roll angle is 28 ° to 31 °
- the crash amount is It is preferable to set in the range of 1.5 to 3.0 mm.
- the chemical composition of the tube is, by mass, C: 0.15% or less, Si: 1.00% or less, Mn: 2.0% or less, P: 0.030% or less, S: 0.030% or less, Cr: 10.0-40.0%, Ni: 8.0-80.0%, Ti: 0.5% or less, Cu: 0.6%
- the impurity means a component mixed from ore, scrap or the like when the pipe is industrially manufactured, and is allowed within a range not adversely affecting the present invention.
- the reasons for limiting each element are as follows. In the following description, “%” for the content means “% by mass”.
- C 0.15% or less If C exceeds 0.15%, the stress corrosion cracking resistance may deteriorate. Therefore, when C is contained, its content is preferably 0.15% or less, and more preferably 0.06% or less. C has the effect of increasing the grain boundary strength of the alloy. In order to obtain this effect, the C content is preferably 0.01% or more.
- Si 1.00% or less Si is used as a deoxidizing material during smelting and remains as an impurity in the alloy. At this time, it is preferable to limit to 1.00% or less. If the content exceeds 0.50%, the cleanliness of the alloy may be lowered. Therefore, the Si content is more preferably limited to 0.50% or less.
- Mn is an element that is effective as a deoxidizer while fixing the impurity element S as MnS to improve hot workability. If its content exceeds 2.0%, the cleanliness of the alloy is lowered, so it is preferable to make it 2.0% or less. More preferred is 1.0% or less. Moreover, when it is desired to obtain the effect of improving the hot workability by Mn, it is preferable to contain 0.1% or more.
- P 0.030% or less
- P is an element present as an impurity in the alloy, and if its content exceeds 0.030%, corrosion resistance may be adversely affected. Therefore, the P content is preferably limited to 0.030% or less.
- S 0.030% or less S is an element present as an impurity in the alloy. If its content exceeds 0.030%, corrosion resistance may be adversely affected. Therefore, the S content is preferably limited to 0.030% or less.
- Cr 10.0-40.0% Cr is an element necessary for maintaining the corrosion resistance of the alloy, and is preferably contained in an amount of 10.0% or more. However, if it exceeds 40.0%, the Ni content is relatively reduced, and the corrosion resistance and hot workability of the alloy may be reduced. Therefore, the Cr content is preferably 10.0 to 40.0%. In particular, when Cr is contained in an amount of 14.0 to 17.0%, it is excellent in corrosion resistance in an environment containing chloride, and when Cr is contained in an amount of 27.0 to 31.0%, the purity at high temperature is further increased. Excellent corrosion resistance in water and alkaline environments.
- Ni 8.0 to 80.0%
- Ni is an element necessary for ensuring the corrosion resistance of the alloy, and is preferably contained at 8.0% or more. On the other hand, since Ni is expensive, it may be contained as much as necessary depending on the application, and is preferably 80.0% or less.
- Ti 0.5% or less Ti has a risk of degrading the cleanliness of the alloy if its content exceeds 0.5%. Therefore, its content is preferably 0.5% or less. Preferred is 0.4% or less. However, it is preferable to contain 0.1% or more from the viewpoint of improving the workability of the alloy and suppressing grain growth during welding.
- Cu 0.6% or less
- Cu is an element present as an impurity in the alloy. If its content exceeds 0.6%, the corrosion resistance of the alloy may be lowered. Therefore, the Cu content is preferably limited to 0.6% or less.
- Al 0.5% or less Al is used as a deoxidizer during steelmaking and remains as an impurity in the alloy. The remaining Al becomes oxide inclusions in the alloy, which deteriorates the cleanliness of the alloy and may adversely affect the corrosion resistance and mechanical properties of the alloy. Therefore, the Al content is preferably limited to 0.5% or less.
- N 0.20% or less N may not be added, but the alloy targeted by the present invention usually contains about 0.01% of N as an impurity. However, if N is positively added, the strength can be increased without deteriorating the corrosion resistance. However, since corrosion resistance will fall when it contains exceeding 0.20%, it is preferable to make the upper limit in the case of containing 0.20%.
- C 0.15% or less
- Si 1.00% or less
- Mn 2.0% or less
- P 0.030% or less
- S 0.030% or less
- Cr 0.030% or less
- Fe 15.0% or less
- Ti 0.5% or less
- Cu 0.6% or less
- Al 0.5% or less
- a Ni-based alloy having a chemical composition consisting of Ni and impurities in the balance is preferable because of its superior corrosion resistance.
- the alloy (a) is an alloy having excellent corrosion resistance in an environment containing chloride because it contains 14.0 to 17.0% of Cr and about 75% of Ni.
- the Fe content is preferably 6.0 to 10.0% from the viewpoint of the balance between the Ni content and the Cr content.
- the alloy (b) contains 27.0 to 31.0% of Cr and about 60% of Ni, so that it has excellent corrosion resistance in high-temperature pure water and alkaline environments in addition to chloride-containing environments. It is.
- the Fe content is preferably 7.0 to 11.0% from the viewpoint of the balance between the Ni content and the Cr content.
- a pipe was obtained by a cold working process for finishing the pipe to a predetermined dimension, a solution heat treatment process, and a straightening process by a roll straightening machine for correcting the bending and ellipse of the pipe.
- the pipe was finished to a predetermined size by pilger rolling or drawing (high pressure drawing) using a high pressure lubricating oil having a pressure of 120 MPa.
- a (2-2-2-1) type straightening machine having three pairs of straightening rolls or a (2-2-2-2-2) type straightening machine having five pairs of straightening rolls was used.
- test conditions are as follows.
- the chemical composition of the tube Material ASME SB-163 UNS N06690 Ni-based alloy C: 0.021% by mass%, Si: 0.33%, Mn: 0.27%, P: 0.013%, S: 0.0002%, Cr: 29.4%, Ni-base alloy solution heat treatment: Fe: 9.8%, Ti: 0.25%, Cu: 0.03% and Al: 0.11%, with the balance being Ni and impurities: 1100 ° C. for 3 minutes Retention
- Tube A or B made of a Ni-based alloy having the chemical composition shown in the above test conditions and having different dimensions was used for the test.
- Tube A had an outer diameter of 19.14 mm, a wall thickness of 1.125 mm, and a length of 10,000 mm (10 m)
- Tube B had an outer diameter of 17.57 mm, a wall thickness of 1.05 mm, and a length of 10,000 mm (10 m). .
- Tables 1 and 2 show the test number, test category, tested tube, finishing method in the cold working process, longitudinal dimensional variation of the inner surface of the pipe after cold working and before straightening, straightening conditions And the test results are shown.
- Tables 1 and 2 show the number of straightening roll pairs of the roll straightening machine, the stand distance, the offset amount set for three consecutive straightening rolls, and the value of ⁇ calculated by the equation (1) as the straightening conditions.
- the (2-2-2-2-2) type straightening machine having five pairs of straightening rolls three consecutive pairs of straightening rolls except for the straightening rolls on the outgoing side and the incoming side were used.
- the values of ⁇ and the offset amount shown in Tables 1 and 2 were used.
- the amount of dimensional variation is within a range of 50 mm obtained by measuring the surface roughness of the inner surface of the pipe in the longitudinal direction using a surface roughness measuring machine (manufactured by Tokyo Seimitsu Co., Ltd., model: Surfcom 1500SD3) and extracting from the measured roughness curve. It is the difference between the maximum and minimum values.
- a detector having a contact portion radius of 0.8 mm was used.
- the S / N ratio was calculated by eddy current flaw detection on the inner surface of the tube at a frequency of 600 kHz and a self-comparing condition, and by calculating and dividing the total length of the tube every 1 foot using a 0.66 mm ⁇ through drill hole as a standard flaw. Among the values of the / N ratio, the lowest value was taken as the S / N ratio of the tube.
- ⁇ The amount of bending from the pipe end to the 1000 mm position is 1 mm or less, indicating that the bending correction is good.
- X The bending amount exceeds 1 mm, and the bending correction is insufficient.
- ⁇ The evaluation of the bending condition after correction is ⁇ , and the dimensional variation in the longitudinal direction of the tube inner surface is 4 ⁇ m or less and the S / N ratio is 50 or more.
- X It shows that evaluation of the bending condition after correction is (circle), the dimension fluctuation amount of the longitudinal direction of a pipe inner surface is 4 micrometers or less, and S / N ratio does not satisfy
- test No. which is a comparative example.
- the cold working process was pilger rolling, and the amount of dimensional variation in the longitudinal direction of the tube inner surface before correction exceeded 4 ⁇ m.
- test no. For 1-5, 11-14, and 22-25, the length of the inner surface of the tube after straightening in any test, regardless of the straightening conditions such as the number of straightening roll pairs, stand interval, offset amount, and ⁇
- the dimensional variation in the direction exceeded 4 ⁇ m, and the overall evaluation was x.
- Test No. is a comparative example. 6 to 10, cold drawing is performed by high-pressure drawing using a lubricating oil of 40 MPa or more, and the straightening machine is a (2-2-2-1) type having three pairs of straightening rolls, with a stand distance of What set to 380 mm was used. Test No. In 6 to 10, the dimensional variation in the longitudinal direction of the inner surface of the tube before correction was 1.0 ⁇ m.
- test no. 9 and 10 the offset amount is 9 or 10 mm and ⁇ is 1.19 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 or 1.32 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3, and the processing amount per straightening roll pair is increased from the conditions defined in the present invention, As a result, the bent state after the correction was ⁇ , but the amount of dimensional fluctuation in the longitudinal direction of the inner surface of the tube increased to exceed 4 ⁇ m, and the overall evaluation was ⁇ .
- the offset amount is 4 to 6 mm and ⁇ is 0.53 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 to 0.80 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3, and the processing amount per straightening roll pair is reduced. The amount of dimensional variation in the longitudinal direction was 4 ⁇ m or less, but the bending state was x, and the overall evaluation was x.
- Test No. is a comparative example. In 15, 16 and 21, cold drawing is performed by high-pressure drawing using lubricating oil of 40 MPa or more, and the straightening machine is a (2-2-2-2-2) type having five pairs of straightening rolls. A stand with a spacing of 270 mm was used. Test No. In 15, 16, and 21, the amount of dimensional variation in the longitudinal direction of the inner surface of the tube before correction was 1.0 ⁇ m.
- test no. In 15 and 16 the offset amount was 2 or 3 mm, which was within the range specified by the present invention. However, ⁇ was 0.53 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 or 0.79 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 , which was outside the range specified by the present invention. It was. In this case, the amount of dimensional variation in the longitudinal direction of the inner surface of the tube after correction was 4 ⁇ m or less, but the bending state was x, and the overall evaluation was x. In addition, Test No. In 21, the ⁇ is 1.57 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 , which is within the range defined by the present invention, but the offset amount is 6 mm, which is outside the range defined by the present invention. In this case, the bending state after the correction was ⁇ , but the dimensional variation in the longitudinal direction of the inner surface of the tube exceeded 4 ⁇ m, and the overall evaluation was ⁇ .
- Test No. is a comparative example.
- cold drawing is performed by high-pressure drawing using a lubricating oil of 40 MPa or more, and the straightening machine is a (2-2-2-2-2) type having five pairs of straightening rolls. What set the space
- Test No. In 26 and 32, the amount of dimensional variation in the longitudinal direction of the inner surface of the tube before correction was 1.0 ⁇ m.
- test no. 26 the offset amount was 2 mm, which was within the range defined by the present invention, but ⁇ was 0.66 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 , which was outside the range defined by the present invention.
- the amount of dimensional fluctuation in the longitudinal direction of the inner surface of the tube after correction was 4 ⁇ m or less, but the bending state was x, and the overall evaluation was x.
- ⁇ is 1.99 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 , which is within the range defined by the present invention, but the offset amount is 6 mm, which is outside the range defined by the present invention.
- the bending state after the correction was ⁇ , but the dimensional variation in the longitudinal direction of the inner surface of the tube exceeded 4 ⁇ m, and the overall evaluation was ⁇ .
- test no. In 17-20 and 27-31 cold drawing was performed by high-pressure drawing using a lubricating oil of 40 MPa or more.
- the straightening machine is a (2-2-2-2-2) type equipped with 5 pairs of straightening rolls, and the stand distance is set to 300 mm or less, and ⁇ is 0.9 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 or more and offset
- the tube was corrected to an amount of 5 mm or less.
- the evaluation of the bending state after correction, the dimensional variation in the longitudinal direction of the inner surface of the tube, and the S / N ratio were good, and the overall evaluation was “good”.
- a roll straightening machine having at least five pairs of straightening rolls and a stand distance of 300 mm or less is provided for the pipe which has been cold drawn by high pressure drawing using a lubricating oil of 40 MPa or more and has been solution heat treated.
- ⁇ to be 0.9 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 or more and correcting the offset amount to be 5 mm or less it is possible to correct the bending, and the dimensional variation in the longitudinal direction of the inner surface of the tube after correction can be reduced to 4 ⁇ m or less, which is excellent. It was confirmed that a tube with a high S / N ratio could be obtained. Therefore, it has been clarified that the steam generator heat transfer tube of the present invention in which the dimensional variation in the longitudinal direction of the inner surface of the tube is 4 ⁇ m or less can be obtained by the method for manufacturing the heat transfer tube for steam generator of the present invention.
- the heat transfer tube for the steam generator of the present invention has a dimensional fluctuation amount of 4 ⁇ m or less in the longitudinal direction of the inner surface of the tube, so that it is possible to perform inspection by eddy current testing at a high S / N ratio when manufacturing the tube. Inspection efficiency can be improved.
- the manufacturing method of the heat exchanger tube for a steam generator of the present invention has the following remarkable effects.
- the tube is straightened as follows. Thereby, it can reduce that the amount of dimensional fluctuations in the longitudinal direction of the inner surface of the pipe increases due to the correction.
- the amount of dimensional variation in the longitudinal direction of the tube inner surface is 4 ⁇ m or less and the amount of bending from the tube end to the 1000 mm position It is possible to manufacture a tube having a diameter of 1 mm or less.
- the heat transfer pipe for steam generator of the present invention and the pipe manufactured by the manufacturing method thereof can ensure quality with high reliability since excellent quality accuracy is ensured.
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Abstract
Description
「蒸気発生器用伝熱管」:原子力や火力発電設備における蒸気発生器等に用いられる小径長尺の伝熱管を指す。特に、原子力発電用の蒸気発生器伝熱管を、ここでは、SG(steam generator)管とも略記する。
(1)冷間加工工程で管を所定の寸法に仕上げる、
(2)固溶化熱処理工程で管の残留応力を除去するとともに、管の組織を均一化する、
(3)固溶化熱処理工程で残留応力により発生する管に曲りおよび楕円を、矯正工程でロール矯正機を用いて矯正する。
(1)被加工材である管を挿入した高圧容器に潤滑油を充満させた後、潤滑油を増圧機により昇圧する、
(2)昇圧された潤滑油が管と高圧容器の開放端に密着するダイスおよび加工位置で固定されたプラグの間に潤滑油膜を形成する、
(3)形成された潤滑油膜により管の内外面を強制潤滑した状態で、管を引き抜いて工具により所定の寸法に仕上げる。
η=(1/R)×(d/2) ・・・(1)
ただし、管外径をd(mm)、ロール矯正機のスタンド距離をL(mm)、オフセット量をδ(mm)とした場合に、R=(δ2+L2)/2δの関係とする。
η=1/R×(d/2) ・・・(1)
ただし、管外径をd(mm)、ロール矯正機のスタンド距離をL(mm)オフセット量をδ(mm)とした場合に、R=(δ2+L2)/2δの関係とする。
(1)40MPa以上の高圧潤滑油を用いて管に冷間引抜加工を施すことから、冷間引抜加工後であって矯正前における管内面の長手方向の寸法変動量を低減できる。
(2)少なくとも5対の鼓形矯正ロールを設けたスタンド距離が300mm以下のロール矯正機を用い、少なくとも連続する3対の矯正ロールによりηを0.9×10-3以上かつオフセット量を5mm以下にして、管を矯正する。これにより、矯正により管内面の長手方向の寸法変動量が増加するのを低減できる。
(3)本発明の蒸気発生器用伝熱管の製造方法は、上記(1)および(2)により、管内面の長手方向の寸法変動量が4μm以下で、かつ管端から1000mm位置までの曲り量が1mm以下である管を製造することができる。
本発明の蒸気発生器用伝熱管は、管内面の表面粗さを長手方向に測定し、測定された粗さ曲線から抜き取った50mmの範囲における寸法変動量が4μm以下で、かつ管端から1000mm位置までの曲り量が1mm以下であることを特徴とする。
本発明の蒸気発生器用伝熱管の製造方法は、40MPa以上の高圧潤滑油を用いて冷間引抜加工を施され、固溶化熱処理された管を、回転軸の方向が互いに交差する状態で上下方向に対向配置した少なくとも5対の鼓形矯正ロールを設けたスタンド距離が300mm以下のロール矯正機を用いて矯正するに際し、前記ロール矯正機の少なくとも連続する3対の上下矯正ロールの交差位置での管軸心に相当する3位置で形成され、下記(1)式で規定されるηが0.9×10-3以上で、かつ5mm以下のオフセット量を管に付与することを特徴とする。
η=1/R×(d/2) ・・・(1)
ただし、管外径をd(mm)、ロール矯正機のスタンド距離をL(mm)オフセット量をδ(mm)とした場合に、R=(δ2+L2)/2δの関係とする。
本発明の蒸気発生器用伝熱管およびその製造方法では、管の化学組成を、質量%で、C:0.15%以下、Si:1.00%以下、Mn:2.0%以下、P:0.030%以下、S:0.030%以下、Cr:10.0~40.0%、Ni:8.0~80.0%、Ti:0.5%以下、Cu:0.6%以下、Al:0.5%以下およびN:0.20%以下を含有し、残部がFeおよび不純物とするのが好ましい。
Cは、0.15%を超えて含有させると、耐応力腐食割れ性が劣化するおそれがある。したがって、Cを含有させる場合には、その含有量を0.15%以下にするのが好ましく、さらに好ましいのは、0.06%以下である。なお、Cは、合金の粒界強度を高める効果を有する。この効果を得るためには、Cの含有量は0.01%以上とするのが好ましい。
Siは製錬時の脱酸材として使用され、合金中に不純物として残存する。このとき、1.00%以下に制限するのが好ましい。その含有量が0.50%を超えると合金の清浄度が低下することがあるため、Si含有量は0.50%以下に制限するのがさらに好ましい。
Mnは、不純物元素であるSをMnSとして固定し、熱間加工性を改善すると共に、脱酸剤として有効な元素である。その含有量が2.0%を超えると合金の清浄性を低下させるので、2.0%以下とするのが好ましい。さらに好ましいのは1.0%以下である。また、Mnによる熱間加工性の改善効果を得たい場合は0.1%以上含有させるのが好ましい。
Pは合金中に不純物として存在する元素であり、その含有量が0.030%を超えると耐食性に悪影響を及ぼすことがある。したがって、P含有量は0.030%以下に制限するのが好ましい。
Sは合金中に不純物として存在する元素であり、その含有量が0.030%を超えると耐食性に悪影響を及ぼすことがある。したがって、S含有量は0.030%以下に制限するのが好ましい。
Crは、合金の耐食性を維持するのに必要な元素であり、10.0%以上含有させるのが好ましい。しかし、40.0%を超えると相対的にNi含有量が少なくなり、合金の耐食性や熱間加工性が低下するおそれがある。したがって、Crの含有量は10.0~40.0%が好ましい。特に、Crを14.0~17.0%含有する場合には、塩化物を含む環境での耐食性に優れ、Crを27.0~31.0%含有する場合には、さらに、高温における純水やアルカリ環境での耐食性にも優れる。
Niは、合金の耐食性を確保するために必要な元素であり、8.0%以上含有させるのが好ましい。一方、Niは高価であるため、用途に応じて必要最小限含有させれば良く、80.0%以下とするのが好ましい。
Tiは、その含有量が0.5%を超えると、合金の清浄性を劣化させるおそれがあるので、その含有量は0.5%以下とするのが好ましく、さらに好ましいのは0.4%以下である。ただし、合金の加工性向上および溶接時における粒成長の抑制の観点からは、0.1%以上の含有させることが好ましい。
Cuは合金中に不純物として存在する元素であり、その含有量が0.6%を超えると合金の耐食性が低下することがある。したがって、Cu含有量は0.6%以下に制限するのが好ましい。
Alは製鋼時の脱酸材として使用され、合金中に不純物として残存する。残存したAlは、合金中で酸化物系介在物となり、合金の清浄度を劣化させ、合金の耐食性および機械的性質に悪影響を及ぼすおそれがある。したがって、Al含有量は0.5%以下に制限するのが好ましい。
Nは、添加しなくてもよいが、本発明が対象とする合金中には、通常、0.01%程度のNが不純物として含有されている。しかし、Nを積極的に添加すれば、耐食性を劣化させることなく、強度を高めることができる。ただし、0.20%を超えて含有させると耐食性が低下するので、含有させる場合の上限は0.20%とするのが好ましい。
管を所定の寸法に仕上げる冷間加工工程と、固溶化熱処理工程と、管の曲りおよび楕円を矯正するロール矯正機による矯正工程とにより管を得た。冷間加工工程では、ピルガー圧延または圧力が120MPaの高圧潤滑油を用いた引抜加工(高圧抽伸)により管を所定の寸法に仕上げた。矯正工程では、3対の矯正ロールを備える(2-2-2-1)型矯正機または5対の矯正ロールを備える(2-2-2-2-2)型矯正機を用いた。
管の化学組成:
材質 ASME SB-163 UNS N06690のNi基合金
質量%でC:0.021%、Si:0.33%、Mn:0.27%、
P:0.013%、S:0.0002%、Cr:29.4%、
Fe:9.8%、Ti:0.25%、Cu:0.03%および
Al:0.11%を含有し、残部がNiおよび不純物からなるNi基合金
固溶化熱処理:1100℃で3分間保持
各試験で、冷間加工後であって矯正前、および矯正後の管における内面の寸法変動量を計測した。また、矯正後の管について、渦流探傷によりS/N比を計測するとともに、曲り状況を評価した。さらに、曲り状況、矯正後における管内面の長手方向の寸法変動およびS/N比の結果に基づき、総合評価を行った。
○:管端から1000mm位置までの曲り量が1mm以下となり、曲りの矯正が良好であることを示す。
×:上記曲り量が1mmを超え、曲りの矯正が不十分であることを示す。
○:矯正後における曲り状況の評価が○、管内面の長手方向の寸法変動量が4μm以下かつS/N比が50以上であることを示す。
×:矯正後における曲り状況の評価が○、管内面の長手方向の寸法変動量が4μm以下およびS/N比が50以上の条件のうち、いずれかの条件を満たさないことを示す。
表1または表2に示すとおり、比較例である試験No.1~5、11~14および22~25では、冷間加工工程をピルガー圧延とし、矯正前における管内面の長手方向の寸法変動量がいずれも4μmを超えた。このため、試験No.1~5、11~14および22~25では、矯正機が備える矯正ロール対の数やスタンド間隔、オフセット量、ηの値といった矯正条件にかかわらず、いずれの試験でも矯正後における管内面の長手方向の寸法変動量が4μmを超え、総合評価が×となった。
(1)40MPa以上の高圧潤滑油を用いて冷間引抜加工を管に施すことから、冷間引抜加工後であって矯正前における管内面の長手方向の寸法変動量を低減できる。
(2)少なくとも5対の鼓形矯正ロールを設けたスタンド距離が300mm以下のロール矯正機を用い、少なくとも連続する3対の矯正ロールによりηを0.9×10-3以上かつオフセット量を5mm以下にして、管を矯正する。これにより、矯正により管内面の長手方向の寸法変動量が増加するのを低減できる。
(3)本発明の蒸気発生器用伝熱管の製造方法は、上記(1)および(2)により、管内面の長手方向の寸法変動量が4μm以下で、かつ管端から1000mm位置までの曲り量が1mm以下である管を製造することができる。
Claims (6)
- 管内面の表面粗さを長手方向に測定し、測定された粗さ曲線から抜き取った50mmの範囲における寸法変動量が4μm以下で、かつ管端から1000mm位置までの曲り量が1mm以下であることを特徴とする蒸気発生器用伝熱管。
- 請求項1に記載の管であって、40MPa以上の高圧潤滑油を用いて引抜加工を行う冷間加工工程と、固溶化熱処理工程と、ロール矯正機による矯正工程とを含む工程により製造されたことを特徴とする蒸気発生器用伝熱管。
- 前記ロール矯正機が、回転軸の方向が互いに交差する状態で上下方向に対向配置した少なくとも5対の鼓形矯正ロールを用いたロール矯正機であることを特徴とする請求項2に記載の蒸気発生器用伝熱管。
- 前記管の化学組成が、質量%で、C:0.15%以下、Si:1.00%以下、Mn:2.0%以下、P:0.030%以下、S:0.030%以下、Cr:10.0~40.0%、Ni:8.0~80.0%、Ti:0.5%以下、Cu:0.6%以下、Al:0.5%以下およびN:0.20%以下を含有し、残部がFeおよび不純物からなることを特徴とする請求項1~3のいずれかに記載の蒸気発生器用伝熱管。
- 40MPa以上の高圧潤滑油を用いて冷間引抜加工を施され、固溶化熱処理された管を、回転軸の方向が互いに交差する状態で上下方向に対向配置した少なくとも5対の鼓形矯正ロールを設けたスタンド距離が300mm以下のロール矯正機を用いて矯正するに際し、
前記ロール矯正機の少なくとも連続する3対の上下矯正ロールの交差位置での管軸心に相当する3位置で形成され、下記(1)式で規定されるηが0.9×10-3以上で、かつ5mm以下のオフセット量を管に付与することを特徴とする蒸気発生器用伝熱管の製造方法。
η=1/R×(d/2) ・・・(1)
ただし、管外径をd(mm)、ロール矯正機のスタンド距離をL(mm)オフセット量をδ(mm)とした場合に、R=(δ2+L2)/2δの関係とする。 - 前記管の化学組成が、質量%で、C:0.15%以下、Si:1.00%以下、Mn:2.0%以下、P:0.030%以下、S:0.030%以下、Cr:10.0~40.0%、Ni:8.0~80.0%、Ti:0.5%以下、Cu:0.6%以下、Al:0.5%以下およびN:0.20%以下を含有し、残部がFeおよび不純物からなることを特徴とする請求項5に記載の蒸気発生器用伝熱管の製造方法。
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CA2802171A CA2802171C (en) | 2010-06-28 | 2011-06-07 | Heat transfer tube for steam generator and method for producing the same |
CN201180032418.5A CN102985783B (zh) | 2010-06-28 | 2011-06-07 | 蒸汽发生器用导热管及其制造方法 |
EP11800358.1A EP2587206B1 (en) | 2010-06-28 | 2011-06-07 | Heat transfer tube for steam generator and method for producing the same |
US13/806,520 US20130118420A1 (en) | 2010-06-28 | 2011-06-07 | Heat transfer tube for steam generator and method for producing the same |
ES11800358T ES2720473T3 (es) | 2010-06-28 | 2011-06-07 | Tubo de transferencia de calor para generador de vapor y método para fabricar el mismo |
KR1020137002120A KR101503612B1 (ko) | 2010-06-28 | 2011-06-07 | 증기 발생기용 전열관 및 그 제조 방법 |
JP2011524120A JP5378522B2 (ja) | 2010-06-28 | 2011-06-07 | 蒸気発生器用伝熱管の製造方法 |
ZA2012/09301A ZA201209301B (en) | 2010-06-28 | 2012-12-07 | Heat transfer tube for steam generator and method for producing same |
US16/016,755 US10488038B2 (en) | 2010-06-28 | 2018-06-25 | Method for producing a heat transfer tube for steam generator using drawing, solution heat treatment, and straightening |
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CA2802171C (en) | 2015-11-24 |
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CA2802171A1 (en) | 2012-01-05 |
EP2587206A4 (en) | 2014-10-08 |
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EP2587206A1 (en) | 2013-05-01 |
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US20180299121A1 (en) | 2018-10-18 |
JPWO2012001882A1 (ja) | 2013-08-22 |
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