WO2012000362A1 - 检定大型衡器的系统及其自定位加卸载载荷测量装置 - Google Patents

检定大型衡器的系统及其自定位加卸载载荷测量装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012000362A1
WO2012000362A1 PCT/CN2011/074863 CN2011074863W WO2012000362A1 WO 2012000362 A1 WO2012000362 A1 WO 2012000362A1 CN 2011074863 W CN2011074863 W CN 2011074863W WO 2012000362 A1 WO2012000362 A1 WO 2012000362A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
self
loading
standard
unloading
positioning
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Application number
PCT/CN2011/074863
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
林建辉
宋健康
姚进辉
池辉
Original Assignee
福建省计量科学研究院
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Application filed by 福建省计量科学研究院 filed Critical 福建省计量科学研究院
Priority to EP11800107.2A priority Critical patent/EP2589937B1/en
Priority to US13/806,777 priority patent/US9116033B2/en
Priority to JP2013516975A priority patent/JP2013529785A/ja
Publication of WO2012000362A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012000362A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01G—WEIGHING
    • G01G23/00—Auxiliary devices for weighing apparatus
    • G01G23/01—Testing or calibrating of weighing apparatus
    • G01G23/012—Testing or calibrating of weighing apparatus with load cells comprising in-build calibration weights
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01G—WEIGHING
    • G01G19/00—Weighing apparatus or methods adapted for special purposes not provided for in the preceding groups
    • G01G19/02—Weighing apparatus or methods adapted for special purposes not provided for in the preceding groups for weighing wheeled or rolling bodies, e.g. vehicles
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01G—WEIGHING
    • G01G23/00—Auxiliary devices for weighing apparatus
    • G01G23/01—Testing or calibrating of weighing apparatus

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the verification of an electronic weighing instrument, in particular to a system for verifying a large fixed electronic weighing instrument, and belongs to the technical field of metrological verification.
  • the fixed electronic weighing instrument is the most mature weighing measuring instrument in the world. It is a wide-ranging measuring instrument widely used in metallurgy, chemical, railway, port and industrial and mining enterprises for various load vehicles and cargo measurement, and for Trade settlement, process control of the weighing process in the production process, is the ideal measuring equipment for enterprises to improve the modernization level of weighing measurement.
  • the working principle of the fixed electronic weighing instrument is to place the weighed object or the truck on the weighing platform. Under the action of gravity, the weighing platform transmits the gravity to the rocking support (steel ball, indenter, etc.), so that the load cell elastic body is generated.
  • the strain gauge bridge attached to the elastomer is out of balance, outputting an electrical signal proportional to the weight value, amplifying the signal via a linear amplifier, converting it to a digital signal by A/D, and then by the microprocessor of the meter The weight is directly displayed after processing the signal.
  • the fixed electronic scale must be verified before it is put into use to determine its accuracy level.
  • the large scale is used for a period of time or after replacing the device, it must be re-calibrated to confirm its accuracy level, so as to adjust accordingly. Meet the accuracy requirements.
  • the national standard for fixed electronic scales with the standard number GB7723-2008 (which adopts the international recommendation OIMLR76 "Non-automatic Weighing Apparatus” (2006E)) clearly states The following three calibration standards are allowed: one is the weight, specifically the standard weight or standard quality; the other is the auxiliary verification device, specifically the instrument is equipped with an auxiliary verification device or an independent auxiliary verification device; The verification uses an alternative to a standard weight, specifically a partial standard weight and any other fixed load to replace the standard weight.
  • the standard used to verify the scale is: 1. is the standard weight, 2. is the standard weight and the 'standard weight substitute'. Therefore, in China, the standard instruments used in the verification of fixed electronic scales are standard weights or standard weights and their substitutes.
  • the auxiliary calibration device is not used as a standard to verify the fixed scale.
  • the auxiliary verification device is only specified as follows: if the instrument is equipped with an auxiliary verification device or is checked by a separate auxiliary device, the maximum of the device The allowable error shall be 1/3 of the maximum allowable error of the checked load.
  • the pressure bracket is integrated with the base that needs to be verified, the pressure device is fixed on the pressure bracket, and the sensor and the display instrument are verified.
  • the measurement accuracy is greater than the measured accuracy of the scale
  • the verification sensor is placed on the scale body (9) that needs to check the scale
  • the verification sensor and the pressure device are connected by a sphere
  • the output of the verification sensor is connected with the display instrument.
  • the pressure of the pressure applying device is applied to the sensor and displayed by the display instrument.
  • the pressure is simultaneously applied to the scale body that needs to check the scale, and is displayed by the scale instrument, and the displayed values are compared to determine the measurement error of the scaled instrument.
  • the verification device can only perform one-by-one verification on the sensors used in the scale, and the verification device is actually a superimposed force standard machine.
  • the pressure device and the pressure bracket in the device are manually loaded, which cannot meet the load volatility (force source stability) in the "JJG734-2001 Force Standard Machine Calibration Regulations" and "JJG144-2007 Standard Force Tester Calibration Regulations".
  • the force value is stable and maintains the time requirement.
  • the calibration range is only used for each sensor load value in the scale, not the full scale of the scale. Because the measurement accuracy of the scale is not only related to the accuracy of each sensor, but also the stiffness of the weighing platform, the basis of the weighing platform, The accuracy of the meter is related to the junction box. That is to say, the sensor used in the scale is qualified, and the metering performance of the scale is not necessarily qualified.
  • Each sensor support point is divided into a corresponding eccentric test area, as shown by the dashed box in Figure 1, numbered 251'-258', respectively, and the standard weight or standard weight substitute 3'
  • the eccentric load test is carried out one by one in each of the above-mentioned eccentric load test areas, and the specific measurement performance verification process is as follows:
  • Preload The load should be pre-loaded to 100t, or the load vehicle with not less than 50t should pass through the carrier for not less than 3 times;
  • Cut-weighing test At least 2 different skin weights should be tested for peeling and weighing, according to 4.2, the test points are: 1t, 50t, the maximum allowable error change, the maximum possible net weight, 80t five Verification point
  • the tonnage of the weight or substitute is to be carried: 1.
  • the above preloading process requires 100t; 2.
  • the standard weight and the substitute inspection time in the above 4.1 are used to confirm the standard weight.
  • 150t should be transported; 3.
  • the weighing test in 4.2 should be carried 100t; 4.
  • the above-mentioned 4.3 must be handled 160t for the skinning weighing test; 5.
  • the above 4.4 partial load test needs to carry 112t;
  • the repeatability test in 4.6 above requires 270t to be handled.
  • Standard weights are difficult to transport. To verify a 100-ton truck scale, at least 50 tons of standard weights must be transported; to verify a 150-ton truck scale, at least 75 tons of standard weights must be transported. At present, the weight of a domestic transport can only be about 15 tons, especially in mountainous areas. There are dangerous bridges, road restrictions, terrain restrictions, installation in the ravine (such as mines), etc. will limit the weight. Transportation volume
  • One of the technical problems to be solved by the present invention is to provide a system for verifying a large scale, and the technical problem to be solved is to provide a self-positioning and unloading load measuring device for verifying a large scale, by using the system and the self-positioning
  • the loading and unloading load measuring device to carry out the verification can greatly improve the work efficiency and safety, save the cost, and can solve the prior art to determine the fixed electronic type by using standard weight or standard weight and substitute or other non-weight type weighing instrument verification device.
  • the verification workload is huge, the verification is time-consuming and labor-intensive, the verification process is cumbersome, and the accuracy is insufficient.
  • a system for verifying a large scale comprising: at least four tensioning holes connected to a weighing platform foundation through a weighing platform preset on a weighing platform of the weighing instrument and perpendicular to the weighing platform a frame; at least four self-positioning loading and unloading load measuring devices corresponding to the tension frame for replacing the standard weight or the standard weight for loading and unloading the weighing platform and performing load measurement, the self-positioning loading and unloading load A measuring device is disposed around the circumference of the tension frame; and a constant load control device coupled to the loading and unloading mechanism for maintaining a constant load when the loading and unloading mechanism is loaded.
  • the self-positioning loading and unloading load measuring device comprises a self-positioning loading and unloading mechanism and a high-precision load measuring device disposed adjacent to an upper end of the loading and unloading mechanism, the precision of the high-precision load measuring instrument being at least It is 3 times the accuracy of the scale.
  • the high-precision load measuring instrument comprises at least three standard sensors uniformly arranged around a central axis of the tension frame, a limiting member disposed above the standard sensor, and connected to each of the standard sensors. And a standard sensor measurement display instrument for displaying the force value load of the standard sensor.
  • the loading and unloading mechanism includes a main oil cylinder and a self-positioning bearing plate
  • the main oil cylinder includes a cylinder portion on the outer side and a piston portion on the inner side, the piston portion being disposed adjacent to a lower end of the standard sensor
  • the loading and unloading mechanism further includes a self-positioning bearing plate disposed on the weighing platform of the weighing instrument and sleeved on the tension frame, the self-positioning bearing plate being disposed below the main cylinder.
  • the self-positioning pressure receiving plate includes a pressure receiving plate body disposed at a distance from the cylinder portion and at least three force receiving shafts for automatically adjusting a bearing direction to the standard sensor and the a universal ball bearing having a force axis parallel to the tension bar main body, the universal ball bearing being evenly disposed around the central axis of the tension frame and embedded on the upper end surface of the bearing plate body and exposing the universal ball The upper end portion of the bearing is just in contact with the cylinder portion of the master cylinder.
  • a screw for horizontally adjusting the main cylinder is further disposed on an outer side of the main cylinder, and a top end of the screw bears against an upper end surface of the pressure plate body.
  • the tension frame comprises a foot tension bar or tension ring embedded in the depth of the platform foundation and a tension bar body connected to the foot tension bar or tension ring.
  • the limiting member is a set of nuts for locking at an uppermost end of the main body of the tension bar.
  • the tension frame further includes a pressure pad adjacent to the lower end of the nut and sleeved on the tension bar body, a lower end adjacent to the pressure pad and sleeved on the tension bar body A thrust joint bearing for automatically adjusting the coaxiality of the tension bar body with the standard sensor.
  • the standard sensor includes an upper base, a lower base and an elastic body disposed between the upper and lower bases, the upper base being disposed adjacent to a lower end of the thrust joint bearing.
  • the tension frame further includes a self-adjusting coaxial mechanism that can maintain the tension bar main body coaxially and perpendicular to the weighing platform, and the self-adjusting coaxial mechanism is disposed on the tension bar
  • the self-adjusting coaxial mechanism includes a rod end thrust bearing between the main body and the foot tension bar or tension ring.
  • the tension frame further includes a height adjusting rod disposed at a lower end of the tension bar main body below the weighing platform.
  • the constant load control device includes an oil source mechanism, a constant load control mechanism, and a computer with constant load control software.
  • the oil source mechanism includes a first servo motor, a second servo motor, a first servo oil pump, and a second servo oil pump, and the input ends of the first servo motor and the second servo motor are connected to the computer.
  • the constant load control mechanism includes a An overflow valve, a reversing valve, and an electric shut-off valve, wherein the input ends of the reversing valves are respectively connected to the output ends of the first servo oil pump and the second servo oil pump, and the reversing valve is further connected to the overflow valve a flow valve connection, an output end of the reversing valve being coupled to the main cylinder; the at least three standard sensors being coupled to the standard sensor measurement display instrument, the standard sensor measurement display instrument being further coupled to the computer The sensors of the scale are connected to a display meter of the scale, and the display meter of the scale is connected to the computer.
  • a self-positioning loading and unloading load measuring device for verifying a large scale instrument, wherein the self-positioning loading and unloading load measuring device comprises a self-positioning device that can be used to replace the standard weight or standard weight for loading and unloading the weighing platform
  • the loading and unloading mechanism and a high-precision load measuring instrument disposed adjacent to the upper end of the loading and unloading mechanism have an accuracy of at least three times the accuracy of the weighing instrument.
  • the self-positioning loading and unloading load measuring device is connected to the weighing platform foundation along a weighing platform hole preset on the weighing platform of the weighing instrument and is perpendicular to the weighing platform The perimeter of the frame is set.
  • the high-precision load measuring instrument includes at least three standard sensors uniformly disposed around a central axis of the tension frame, a limiting member disposed above the high-precision load measuring instrument, and a plurality of A standard sensor measurement display instrument that is connected to a standard sensor and used to display the force value load of the standard sensor.
  • the loading and unloading mechanism includes a main oil cylinder and a self-positioning bearing plate
  • the main oil cylinder includes a cylinder portion on the outer side and a piston portion on the inner side, the piston portion being disposed adjacent to a lower end of the standard sensor
  • the loading and unloading mechanism further includes a self-positioning bearing plate disposed on the weighing platform of the weighing instrument and sleeved on the tension frame, the self-positioning bearing plate being disposed below the main cylinder.
  • the self-positioning pressure receiving plate includes a pressure receiving plate body disposed at a distance from the cylinder portion and at least three force receiving shafts for automatically adjusting a bearing direction to the standard sensor and the a universal ball bearing having a force axis parallel to the tension bar main body, the universal ball bearing being evenly disposed around the central axis of the tension frame and embedded on the upper end surface of the bearing plate body and exposing the universal ball The upper end portion of the bearing is just in contact with the cylinder portion of the master cylinder.
  • the system for verifying a large scale instrument realized by the invention adopts a second standard device specified in the international standard to verify a large scale instrument, and the second standard device is specifically an independent auxiliary device, that is, a non-weight type school.
  • the checker device has the following advantages:
  • the non-weight calibration instrument device has a self-weight of no more than 1.5 tons, is small in size and light in weight, so the verification and transportation are safe and convenient;
  • the verification workload is small. Due to the constant load control device for automatic loading and unloading, and can be automatically controlled by software design, there is no need to move hundreds or even thousands of tons of weights or substitutes, and the workload is small;
  • the cost required for verification is low. When the device is implemented, only one minivan can transport the standard to the destination at one time, and the verification can be completed in half a working day.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic illustration of prior art scales using standard weights or standard weights and alternatives.
  • Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of the assay system of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of the self-positioning loading and unloading load measuring apparatus of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view of the assay system of the present invention.
  • Figure 5a is a cross-sectional view of a standard sensor of the present invention.
  • Figure 5b is a cross-sectional view of the standard sensor of Figure 5a taken along line A-A.
  • Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view showing the positional relationship between the loading and unloading mechanism and the high-precision load measuring instrument according to the present invention.
  • Figure 7a is a cross-sectional view of the self-aligning bearing plate of the present invention.
  • Figure 7b is a top plan view of the self-aligning bearing plate of Figure 7a.
  • Figure 8 is a diagram showing the internal and external connection relationship of the verification system of the present invention.
  • Figure 9a is a schematic illustration of an instrument for verifying an instrument using the assay system of the present invention.
  • Figure 9b is a schematic illustration of an instrument for verifying an instrument using the assay system of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2, FIG. 3, FIG. 4 and FIG. 8, are a system for verifying a large scale instrument
  • the verification system 1 is a non-weight type independent auxiliary weighing instrument verification system. It can be used for metrological verification of a large fixed electronic scale 2 (see Fig. 9a), comprising: at least four tension frames 11, at least four self-positioning loading and unloading load measuring devices 12, and a constant load control device 13, the pulling force
  • the number of the frames 11 coincides with the number of the self-positioning and unloading load measuring devices 12, and are arranged one by one, and each of the tension frames 11 passes through a preset on the weighing platform 21 of the weighing device 2.
  • each of the self-positioning loading and unloading load measuring devices 12 is disposed along the circumference of each of the tension frames 11 for replacing the standard weight.
  • each of the self-positioning loading and unloading load measuring device 12 includes a self-positioning loading and unloading mechanism 121 and a high-precision load measuring device 122.
  • High The precision load measuring device 122 is disposed adjacent to the upper end of the loading and unloading mechanism 121.
  • the accuracy of the high-precision load measuring device 122 is at least three times the accuracy of the weighing instrument.
  • the constant load control device 13 is coupled to the loading and unloading mechanism 121 and is used to keep the applied load constant when the loading and unloading mechanism 121 is loaded.
  • the high-precision load measuring instrument 122 includes at least one standard sensor 1221, a standard sensor measuring and displaying instrument 1222 (see FIG. 8), and a limiting member 1223.
  • the limiting member 1223 is disposed at The standard sensor 1221 is detachable and can be used to define and adjust the position of the standard sensor 1221.
  • the limiting member 1223 is provided with a nut screwed on the tension frame 11. It is assumed that the nut can be used for a locking limit; the standard sensor measurement display meter 1222 is coupled to the standard sensor 1221 and is used to display the force value load of the standard sensor 1221.
  • the tension frame 11 includes a foot tension bar 111 , a tension bar body 112 , a pressure pad 113 , a thrust joint bearing 114 , a self-adjusting coaxial mechanism 115 , and a height . Adjust the tie rod 116. Shown in FIG.
  • the self-adjusting coaxiality mechanism 115 is disposed between the tension bar main body 112 and the ground tension bar 111, and can be used to automatically adjust the tension bar main body 112 and the standard sensor 1221 (see FIG. 3).
  • the axial force can maintain the tension bar main body 112 coaxially and perpendicular to the weighing platform 21, in particular, the self-adjusting coaxial mechanism 115 is supported by a rod end thrust bearing to achieve coaxiality adjustment.
  • the height adjustment rod 116 is disposed at a lower end of the tension rod main body 112, specifically, the tension rod main body 112 is located at a lower end of the weighing platform 21, and the height adjustment rod 116 can be based on a weighing platform of the verification site.
  • the height of the table top 21 and the weighing platform foundation 3 is very convenient 11 section height required tension framework.
  • the high-precision load measuring instrument 122 includes at least three standard sensors 1221, which are evenly arranged around the central axis of the tension frame 11, the standard sensor measurement
  • the display meter 1222 (see FIG. 3) is connected to the standard sensors 1221 and is used for displaying the resultant force load of the standard sensors 1221.
  • the standard sensor 1221 includes an upper base 12211, a lower base 12212, and a lower base 12212.
  • An elastic body 12213 between the bases is disposed adjacent to a lower end of the thrust joint bearing 114 (see FIG. 4).
  • the high precision load measuring device 122 further includes a housing 1224 enclosing the standard sensor 1221, and an armrest 1225 disposed on the housing 1224 for convenient operation.
  • the loading and unloading mechanism 121 includes a self-positioning bearing plate 1211 and a main oil cylinder 1212.
  • the master cylinder 1212 includes a cylinder portion 12121 on the outer side and a piston portion 12122 on the inner side.
  • the piston portion 12122 is disposed adjacent to the lower base 12212 of the standard sensor 1221. When the piston portion 12122 moves upward to perform work, the main piston cylinder 1212 can be moved.
  • the standard sensor 1221 is stressed; the loading and unloading mechanism 121 further includes a weighing platform 21 (see FIG. 9a) disposed on the scale 2 (see FIG. 9a) and sleeved on the tension frame 11.
  • the self-positioning bearing plate 1211 is disposed under the main oil cylinder 1212.
  • the self-positioning bearing plate 1211 When the cylinder portion 12121 moves downward to perform work, the self-positioning bearing plate 1211 is forced to make the weighing platform The table top 21 is stressed. Because the self-positioning bearing plate 1211 has a certain coverage area, it can cover a part of the area near the weighing platform hole 211, so that the true weighing state of the weighing instrument 2 can be simulated, and a more scientific measurement verification can be realized.
  • the self-positioning bearing plate 1211 includes a bearing plate body 12111 and at least three universal ball bearings 12112.
  • the bearing plate body 12111 is disposed at a distance from the cylinder portion 12121; in the embodiment, the universal ball bearing 12112 is six, and the universal ball bearing 12112 surrounds the tension bar body 112.
  • the central axis is evenly laid on the upper end surface of the bearing plate body 12111 and the upper end portion of the universal ball bearing 12112 is exposed to just contact with the cylinder portion 12121 of the main cylinder 1211, the bearing plate body Between 12111 and the cylinder portion 12121 disposed at the upper portion, except for contact with each of the universal ball bearings 12112, there is a certain space elsewhere, and the universal ball bearing 12112 is used to automatically adjust the bearing direction to make the standard
  • the force receiving axis of the sensor 1221 is parallel to the force receiving axis of the tension bar main body 112.
  • the outer side of the main cylinder 1211 is further provided with a horizontally adjustable screw 12123.
  • the top end of the screw 12123 bears against the upper end surface of the bearing plate body 12111, and can be used for adjusting the positioning to make the main cylinder 1212 as a whole. It is in a horizontal state to ensure that the main cylinder 1212 is used after positional positioning.
  • the constant load control device 13 includes an oil source mechanism 131, a constant load control mechanism 132, and a computer 133 with constant load control software.
  • the oil source mechanism 131 includes a first servo motor 1311, a second servo motor 1312, a first servo oil pump 1313, and a second servo oil pump 1314.
  • the input ends of the first servo motor 1311 and the second servo motor 1312 are both The computer 133 is connected, the output end of the first servo motor 1311 is connected to the input end of the first servo oil pump 1313, and the output end of the second servo motor 1312 is connected to the input end of the second servo oil pump 1314.
  • the constant load control mechanism 132 includes an overflow valve 1321, a reversing valve 1322, and an electric shut-off valve 1323 for regulating flow or overload protection, and the reversing valve 1322 is for controlling
  • the oil inlet or the return oil of the main cylinder is used to control the action of the main cylinder 1211, and the input end of the reversing valve is connected to the output ends of the first servo oil pump 1313 and the second servo oil pump 1314.
  • the reversing valve is further connected to the overflow valve 1321, and the output end of the reversing valve is further connected to the electric shut-off valve 1323 and then connected to the main cylinder 1211, or the reversing direction
  • the output of the valve is directly opposite the main
  • the cylinders 1211 are connected; the at least three standard sensors 1221 are connected to the standard sensor measurement display meter 1222, and the standard sensor measurement display meters 1222 are connected to the computer 133, and the sensors 231-234 of the scales are connected.
  • the scale display meter 22 of the scale is connected, and the scale display meter 22 of the scale is connected to the computer 133.
  • the tension frame 11 the tension frame 11 automatically adjusts the coaxiality of the tension bar main body 112 and the standard sensor 1221 by the self-adjusting coaxial mechanism 115 on the tension bar main body 112, so that the central axes of the two are parallel, and are adjusted to both
  • the weighing platform 21 of the weighing instrument 2 is perpendicular to the required verification; the tension frame 11 adjusts the perpendicularity of the force and the perpendicularity of the axis of the standard sensor 1221 through the thrust joint bearing 114 on the tension bar main body 112 to ensure the force of the standard sensor 1221.
  • the axis coincides with the axis of the standard sensor 1221 itself.
  • the tension frame 11 further includes a height adjustment lever 116 that can be easily adjusted to the height required by the tension frame 11 in accordance with the height of the weighing platform 21 and the weighing platform 3 of the verification site.
  • the tensile strength of the frame portion can reach 300kN.
  • Self-positioning and unloading load measuring device 12 When the large scale 2 is inspected, since the coaxiality of the standard sensor 1221 of the high-precision load measuring device 122 mounted on the weighing platform 21 cannot be ensured, it is necessary to design The positioning bearing plate 1211 automatically adjusts the parallel direction of the force axis of the standard sensor 1221 and the axial direction of the tension bar main body 112 and the standard sensor 1221 allowing the eccentric load to meet the detection requirements.
  • the standard sensor 1221 that allows the eccentric load is uniformly mounted between the upper base 12211 and the lower base 12212 by three standard sensors 1221 capable of collecting force values, and the output sensitivities of the three standard sensors 1221 are uniform, thereby ensuring that the standard sensor 1221 is subjected to eccentricity.
  • the self-positioning bearing plate 1211 is composed of a bearing plate main body 12111 and a universal ball bearing 12112.
  • the loading and unloading mechanism 121 and the high-precision load measuring instrument 122 When the force receiving axial direction of the standard sensor 1221 of the high-precision load measuring device 122 is not parallel with the axial direction of the tensile force receiving body 112, when When F X >1kgf, the loading and unloading mechanism 121 and the high-precision load measuring instrument 122 under the action of the universal ball bearing 12112, the loading and unloading mechanism 121 and the standard sensor 1221 will automatically adjust their positions, so that the standard sensor 1221 is axially coupled.
  • the tension bar is axially parallel.
  • the piston portion 12122 is disposed adjacent to the lower base of the standard sensor 1221. When the piston portion 12122 is moved upward to perform work, the standard sensor 1221 can be forced by the positioning limit of the limiting member 1223.
  • a self-positioning bearing plate 1211 is disposed under the main oil cylinder 1212, and a reaction force between the piston portion 12122 and the cylinder portion 12121 causes the cylinder portion 12121 to move downward to perform work. At this time, the self-positioning bearing plate The 1211 is stressed, so that the weighing platform 21 is stressed. In short, after the start of the verification, the loading and unloading mechanism 121 loads the high-precision load measuring device 122 and the self-positioning bearing plate 1211, so that the high-precision load measuring device 122 and the self-positioning bearing plate 1211 simultaneously receive the same force value.
  • the load because the self-positioning bearing plate 1211 is placed on the scale 2 of the scale 2 such as the truck scale, so that the truck scale table 21 is subjected to a downward force load (equivalent to the weight value of the cargo), through the truck scale
  • the scale meter display 22 displays the weight value; the high precision load meter 122 is calibrated by a force standard machine (not shown), the value of which is a true value.
  • the difference between the display value of the high-precision load gauge 122 and the display value of the scale display 22 of the truck scale is the error value of the scale 2.
  • the self-positioning loading and unloading load measuring device 12 has a mass measurement accuracy better than 0.01%, a repeatability better than 0.01%, and a self-positioning position accuracy better than ⁇ 0.3.
  • Constant load control device 13 The constant load control device 13 can achieve the following indicators: sensitivity limit: 0.01%, load fluctuation (force source stability): 0.005%/30min, loading and unloading time per stage ⁇ 30s, force value stable holding time Better than 1 hour.
  • the scale includes a scale platform 21 and a scale.
  • a meter 22 is displayed, each sensor 231-234 being coupled to the scale display meter 22.
  • weighing platform holes 251-254 near the periphery of the weighing instrument, and a center mounting weighing platform hole 255 is installed at the center of the weighing platform surface 21, and the weighing platform hole 251 is installed with a tension frame 11-1 and self-positioning.
  • the loading and unloading load measuring device 12-1 includes a standard sensor 1221-1 and a main cylinder 1212-1.
  • the tension frame 1252 is mounted on the weighing platform hole 252.
  • the self-positioning loading and unloading load measuring device 12-2, the other self-positioning loading and unloading load measuring device installed in the weighing platform hole is not completely shown in FIG. 9, the self-positioning loading and unloading load measuring device 12-2 includes a standard sensor 1221-2 Main cylinder 1212-2.
  • the standard sensors 1221-1, 1221-2 are all connected to the standard sensor measurement display meter 1222, and the standard sensors 1221-3, 1221-4, 1221-5 are also connected to the standard sensor measurement display meter 1222.
  • the main cylinders 1212-1, 1212-2 are all connected to the electric shut-off valve 1323 in the constant load control device 13, and the main cylinders 1212-3, 1212 of the self-positioning loading and unloading load measuring device mounted on the other weighing platform holes -4, 1212-5 are also connected to the electric shut-off valve 1323.
  • a standard sensor measurement display instrument 1222 is shared in the respective positioning loading and unloading load measuring devices, and the standard values of the respective weighing points can be simultaneously displayed.
  • control working principle of the verification system of the present invention is as follows:
  • the computer 133 controls the electric load bearing valve 1323 to control single or simultaneous control of a plurality of self-positioning loading and unloading load measuring devices according to the need for the vehicle scale verification, thereby achieving a single point of weighing the truck scale. Or multiple points for automatic detection.
  • the control process is described for the self-positioning and unloading load measuring device 12-1: the test is started after the control quality value is set, and the electric shut-off valve 1323 is opened to the oil passage connected to the main cylinder 1212-1, and the rest is cut off.
  • the computer 133 measures the actual signal of the standard sensor 1221-1 by the standard sensor measurement display panel 1222.
  • the actual signal at the second point is actually the resultant force of the three standard sensors 1221 (ie, the resultant force is
  • the actual target quality value is transmitted to the first servo motor 1311 and the second servo motor 1312 by the calculation, and the first servo motor 1311 controls the rotation speed and torque of the first servo oil pump 1313 to pass through the reversing valve 1322.
  • the oil is supplied to the main cylinder 1212-1, the second servo motor 1312 controls the rotation speed and torque of the second servo oil pump 1314, and the oil is returned to the main cylinder 1212-1 through the reversing valve 1322; the first servo oil pump 1313 and the second servo oil pump
  • the difference in rotational speed of 1314 determines the advance and retreat, pressure, and speed of the master cylinder 1212-1.
  • the main cylinder 1212-1 transmits a signal to the computer 133 in real time through the standard sensor measurement display meter 1222 and the standard sensor 1221-1, and the computer 133 transmits the speed and torque commands to the first servo motor 1311 and the second servo motor 1312 in real time through calculation.
  • the tension frame 11 and the self-positioning loading and unloading load measuring device 12 are installed near each weighing instrument support point, and the constant load control device 13 can be used according to the "GB7723-2008 fixed type" by the software installed on the computer 133.
  • the national standard of the electronic weighing instrument and the "JJG539-1997 digital indicating scale verification procedure" stipulate the metering performance of the weighing instrument 2 for preloading, weighing test, discriminating force test, skinning weighing test, eccentric load test and repeatability test respectively. Performing tests and inspections, comparing the sum of the weighing values of the respective positioning and unloading load measuring devices 12 with the value of the weighing instrument display 22 of the instrument to be inspected during the testing and inspection of each item, that is, the verification error of the weighing instrument 2 value.
  • the verification system 1 of the present invention is consistent with the state of the vehicle scale verification and the vehicle weighing state, and ensures the validity and reliability of the verification of the electronic truck scale result.
  • the verification of the truck scale is taken as an example, the verification system 1 according to the present invention is not limited to the verification of the truck scale, and can be used for verification of a large fixed electronic scale for various purposes and mechanisms.
  • FIG. 9a and FIG. 9b unlike the prior art shown in FIG. 1, a system for verifying a large-scale fixed electronic scale realized by the present invention is used to check the scale 2, instead of using a standard.
  • Figure 9a shows the fixed electronic scale 2, including the weighing platform 21, scale display instrument 22, Taking a fixed electronic truck scale of 100 tons as an example, the weighing platform 21 is divided into three sections, numbered 211, 212, 213, and the truck scale adopts eight sensors, numbered 231-238, respectively.
  • Each of the sensors 231-238 includes eight sensor support points, numbered 241-248, respectively, and eight weighing platform holes 251-258 are respectively placed on the weighing platform near the eight sensor supporting points 241-248. It is also necessary to make a weighing platform hole 259 in the center of the three weighing platform tops 211-213, and a plurality of weighing platform holes are reserved on the weighing platform top 21 of some weighing instruments, and then the standard device is installed through the above holes.
  • the tension frame and the self-determination described in the present invention Loading-unloading load measuring apparatus 12 in the embodiment verification work load control means controlling a constant down. As shown in Fig.
  • the verification operation process of the verification system of the present invention is as follows:
  • Install non-weight independent auxiliary weighing instrument verification device install tension frame and self-positioning loading and unloading load measuring device on the table (slot) position near each sensor of the weighing platform and the intermediate table on each table, through the tension frame connecting hole
  • the (slot) lower tension rod (ring) and the self-positioning loading and unloading load measuring device constitute a loading and unloading measuring system for the weighing platform.
  • Preloading Adjust the nut on the tension frame to load 200kg for each self-positioning and unloading load measuring device. After 30 seconds of stabilization (the loading and unloading mechanism and the standard sensor automatically adjust its position under the action of the universal ball bearing, The force of the standard sensor is parallel to the axial direction of the tension bar. The tension frame automatically adjusts the coaxiality of the tension bar and the standard sensor through the thrust joint bearing and the rod end joint bearing on the tension bar, and the self-positioning loading and unloading load is applied to each self-positioning. The measuring device is loaded to the weighing platform at full scale once.
  • Offset test The control constant load control device applies load to the eccentric load value for each self-positioning and unloading load measuring device according to the numbering sequence. Each time the load is applied to the eccentric load value, the load is kept for 30s, and each self-positioning and unloading is recorded. The load measuring device displays the value, the instrument weighing display value of the instrument, and compares it.
  • each self-positioning and unloading load measuring device (except for the self-positioning loading and unloading load measuring device in the middle of each table) is applied according to the regulations.
  • the load is applied and the opposite load point is applied. It is unloaded to zero point step by step, and each load is applied or unloaded to the load value for 30s.
  • the total value of the meter display value of each self-positioning and unloading load measuring device at each point and the instrument weighing display value of the instrument are recorded and compared.
  • a predetermined tare value is applied to the self-positioning and unloading load measuring device in the middle of each table of the weighing platform. After the tare weight is removed, the self-positioning is controlled by controlling the constant load control device. Unloading the load measuring device (the load of the self-positioning loading and unloading load measuring device in the middle of each table is unchanged). The load value is applied step by step according to the regulations. After the load is applied, the load is gradually unloaded to the zero point according to the opposite load point, and the load is applied or unloaded to the load.
  • the total value of the meter display value of each self-positioning and unloading load measuring device at each point and the instrument weighing display value of the instrument are recorded and compared.
  • each self-positioning and unloading load measuring device (except for the self-positioning loading and unloading load measuring device in the middle of each table) is applied with the load value as the specified load value, and the load is unloaded.
  • the total value of the meter display value of each self-positioning and unloading load measuring device at each point and the instrument weighing display value of the instrument are recorded and compared, and the above steps are repeated three times.
  • the verification device according to the present invention is not limited to the verification of the truck scale, and can be used for verification of a large-scale fixed electronic scale for various purposes and structures.

Description

检定大型衡器的系统及其自定位加卸载载荷测量装置 【技术领域】
本发明涉及一种电子衡器的检定，特别涉及一种检定大型固定式电子衡器的系统，属于计量检定技术领域。
【背景技术】
固定式电子衡器是目前世界上技术最为成熟的称重计量器具，属于量大面广的计量器具，广泛应用于冶金、化工、铁路、港口及工矿企业各种载重车辆及货物计量，以及用于贸易结算、生产过程中称重流程的工艺控制，是企业提高称重计量现代化水平的理想计量设备。固定式电子衡器的工作原理是将被称重物或载重汽车置于秤台上，在重力作用下，秤台将重力传递至摇摆支承（钢球、压头等），使称重传感器弹性体产生形变，贴附于弹性体上的应变片桥路失去平衡，输出与重量值成正比例的电信号，经线性放大器将信号放大，再经A/D转换为数字信号，然后由仪表的微处理器对信号进行处理后直接显示重量数。
固定式电子衡器在实际投入使用前必须进行检定，确定其准确度等级，另外，大型衡器在使用一段时间后或更换器件后，也要进行再次检定，确认其准确度等级，以便作相应调整使之满足准确度要求。现有的检定固定式电子衡器用的标准器主要有三种，标准号为GB7723-2008的固定式电子衡器的国家标准（该标准采用国际建议OIMLR76《非自动衡器》(2006E)）中明确指出了允许采用的下述三种检定用标准器：一是砝码，具体是指标准砝码或标准质量；二是辅助检定装置，具体是指衡器配备辅助检定装置或独立的辅助检定装置；三是检定用标准砝码的替代，具体是指部分标准砝码和其他任意固定载荷替代标准砝码。
然而，在JJG539-1997《数字指示秤》检定规程中规定检定衡器用的标准器是：1.是标准砝码、2.是标准砝码和'标准砝码的替代物'。所以在我国目前检定固定式电子衡器所使用的标准器均为标准砝码或标准砝码及其替代物，没有采用辅助检定装置作为标准器来检定固定式衡器。在R76《非自动衡器》国际建议和GB7723-2008固定式电子衡器国家标准中对辅助检定装置仅作以下规定：如果衡器配备辅助检定装置，或以单独的辅助装置检定时，则该装置的最大允许误差应为所检载荷最大允许误差的1/3。'辅助检定装置'是一种什么样的东西呢，在国际建议和GB7723-2008标准中都没有讲，仅规定了'辅助检定装置'最大允许误差。到目前为止，全国或世界上关于采用'独立的辅助检定装置'运用于现场检定大吨位固定式电子衡器的文献资料很少见到。
公开日1988年2月17日的中国专利号为CN86105843，其专利名称为《汽车衡和轨道衡的检定装置》的发明专利揭示了一种非砝码型的检定装置，但该装置所采用的准压力表的准确度根本不可能满足该类衡器检定的准确度要求。公告日2003年1月22日的中国专利号为CN02230837.7，其专利名称为《大型衡器检定仪》的新型专利也公开了一种非砝码型的衡器检定仪，具体技术方案是由检定传感器(4)、显示仪表(7)、施压装置、加压支架(3)组成，加压支架与需要检定衡器的底座成为整体，施压装置固定在加压支架上，检定传感器和显示仪表的计量准确度大于被检定的衡器计量准确度，检定传感器置于需要检定衡器的秤体(9)上，检定传感器与施压装置之间通过球体连接，检定传感器的输出与显示仪表连接。施压装置的压力施加在传感器上，通过显示仪表显示出来，该压力同时施加在需要检定衡器的秤体上，通过衡器仪表显示出来，比较他们显示值，即可确定被检定衡器的计量误差，但是该检定装置只能对衡器中的使用传感器进行逐个检定，该检定装置实际上为叠加式力标准机。但该装置中施压装置、加压支架为手动加载，无法满足《JJG734-2001力标准机检定规程》及《JJG144-2007标准测力仪检定规程》中对负荷波动性(力源稳定度)、力值稳定保持时间的要求。检定量程仅为衡器中使用每个传感器载荷值，不是对衡器的满量程进行检定，由于衡器的测量准确度不仅与各个传感器的准确度有关，而且还与秤台的刚度、秤台的基础、仪表的准确度、接线盒有关。也就是说衡器中使用的传感器合格，衡器的计量性能不一定合格。所以不是对衡器计量性能进行全面检定，检定过程中还需要另外考虑秤台台面的挠度、秤台的基础、仪表的准确度、接线盒对衡器准确度的影响，因为只能在传感器处进行检定，所以检定过程不能模拟实际的称重状态，所以该检定装置对衡器的检定仅对衡器中使用的传感器进行近似的模拟比对，最关键的是不能直接对衡器实施检定。
目前，全国对固定式电子衡器检定方法如下：以检定100吨固定式电子汽车衡为例说明，按照GB7723-2008固定式电子衡器国家标准或JJG539-1997《数字指示秤》检定规程要求，采用标准砝码和'标准砝码的替代物'进行检定。其中，如图1所示，需要说明的是规格为100吨的固定式电子汽车衡2'，三节共18米长、e=50kg、m=2000，包括秤显示仪表21'，包括三个秤台台面，分别编号为211'，212'，213'，采用八个传感器，分别编号为231'-238'，在各传感器的上方包括八个传感器支承点，分别编号为241'-248'，每一传感器支承点的周围划分一对应的偏载测试区域，如图1中虚线框所示，分别编号为251'-258'，检定时，将标准砝码或标准砝码的替代物3'放置在上述的各偏载测试区域逐一进行偏载测试，具体的计量性能检定过程如下：
1、预压：应预加一次载荷到100t，或用不少于50t的载重车辆往返通过承载器不少于3次；
2、置零与除皮装置的准确度；
3、加载前的置零；
4、称量性能：
4.1采用标准砝码和替代物检定时为确认标准砝码量而对秤进行重复性测试：首先检查50t称量点的重复性，在承载器上施加3次50t标准砝码，若重复性误差不大于0.3e，标准砝码3'可减少至35％最大秤量；若重复性误差不大于0.2e，标准砝码3'可减少至20％最大秤量；
4.2称量测试：从零点起按由小到大的顺序加砝码或替代物3'至100t，用相同方法卸砝码至零点，测试至少应选定1t、25t、50t、75t、100t五个检定点；
4.3除皮称量测试：至少应对2个不同的皮重量进行除皮称量测试，按照4.2进行，测试点为：1t、50t、最大允许误差改变的秤量、可能的最大净重值、80t五个检定点；
4.4偏载测试：用14t的标准砝码3'轮流加放在8个偏载测试区域251'-258'进行测试，直至满足在8个偏载测试区域测试251'-258'的示值误差均不大于50kg；
4.5鉴别力测试:在1t、50t、100t称量点测试，检定过程中同时进行；
4.6重复性测试:分别在50t秤量和接近最大秤量(90t)进行两组测试，每组至少重复3次。
在上述的检定过程中，需搬运砝码或替代物的吨位量：1、上述预压过程中需搬运100t；2、上述4.1中采用标准砝码和替代物检定时为确认标准砝码量而对秤进行重复性测试需搬运150t；3、上述4.2中称量测试需搬运100t；4、上述4.3中除皮称量测试需搬运160t；5、上述4.4中偏载测试需搬运112t；6.上述4.6中重复性测试需搬运270t。
所以，采用标准砝码或标准砝码和替代物检定固定式电子衡器的检定方法存在以下缺点：
1、检定工作量巨大、效率极低。检定一台合格100t固定式电子汽车衡共需搬动砝码和替代物达932t，若不合格就应该调整，调整后就得重新检定，重新检定就得再次搬运砝码，其搬运砝码或替代物达上千吨以上；
2、搬运大量砝码或替代物的安全性极差。由于电子汽车衡的承载台面面积有限（如100吨，台面面积也只有54平方），要在有限的面积上堆放100吨的砝码或替代物是很困难，在装卸砝码或替代物时是很危险的；
3、替代物难于寻找。不是每台大型电子汽车衡的用户都能提供合适的替代物，如安装在公路旁的公平秤就很难找到合适的替代物、铁路、港口、有毒液、气体化工企业、纺织厂、煤矿等用户也很难提供合适的替代物；
4、标准砝码难于运输。检定一台100吨汽车衡，至少要运输50吨标准砝码；检定一台150吨汽车衡，至少要运输75吨标准砝码。而目前在国内运输一次砝码也只能15吨左右，特别是山区地带，有危桥限载、道路限载、地形限载，安装在山沟里（如矿山）等等就会限制一次砝码运输量；
5、成本费用极高。运输和搬运如此多的标准砝码或替代物，需要多部检衡车和吊车，检定需要几天时间（检一台100吨汽车衡一般需7个工作日）和多人合作才能完成检定工作。
综上所述，由于目前大部分县级、市级、省级计量检定单位对大型衡器（如150吨电子汽车衡）检定没有足够的标准砝码；即使有了足够的标准砝码，其砝码装卸、运输砝码的安全性、运输成本在现有的技术条件也是无法保证；其次，就算是砝码运输到现场，若按JJG539-1997《数字指示秤》检定规程中规定进行检定，其检定工作量巨大，检定耗时过长，因而无法保证按检定规程进行。由此可见，检定大型固定式电子衡器时，标准器采用标准砝码或标准砝码和替代物的检定方法是需要改进的。
【发明内容】
本发明要解决的技术问题之一在于提供一种检定大型衡器的系统，要解决的技术问题之二在于提供用于检定大型衡器的自定位加卸载载荷测量装置、通过采用该系统和该自定位加卸载载荷测量装置来实施检定可以大大提高工作效率和安全性、节约成本，能够解决现有技术中采用标准砝码或标准砝码和替代物或其它非砝码型衡器检定装置检定固定式电子衡器时存在的检定工作量巨大，检定耗时耗力、检定过程繁琐、准确度不够等各种问题。
本发明是通过采用以下技术方案解决上述技术问题的：
本发明解决的技术问题之一所采用的技术方案如下所述：
一种检定大型衡器的系统，其中，包括：至少四个穿过预设在所述衡器的秤台台面上的一秤台孔与秤台地基相连接并且垂直于所述秤台台面设置的拉力框架；至少四个对应所述拉力框架设置用于替代标准砝码或标准砝码的替代物对秤台台面加卸载以及进行载荷测量的自定位加卸载载荷测量装置，所述自定位加卸载载荷测量装置环绕所述拉力框架的四周设置；以及一与所述加卸载机构相连接并用于使所述加卸载机构加载时保持所加载荷恒定的恒载荷控制装置。
进一步地，所述自定位加卸载载荷测量装置包括一可自定位的加卸载机构以及一紧邻所述加卸载机构的上端设置的高精度载荷测量仪，所述高精度载荷测量仪的准确度至少为所述衡器的准确度的3倍。
进一步地，所述高精度载荷测量仪包括至少三个环绕所述拉力框架的中心轴线均匀布设的标准传感器、一设于所述标准传感器的上方的限位件以及与各所述标准传感器相连接并用于显示所述标准传感器的力值载荷的标准传感器测量显示仪表。
进一步地，所述加卸载机构包括一主油缸和一自定位承压板，所述主油缸包括位于外侧的油缸部分和位于内侧的活塞部分，所述活塞部分紧邻所述标准传感器的下端设置，所述加卸载机构还包括一设置在所述衡器的秤台台面上并且套设在所述拉力框架上的自定位承压板，所述自定位承压板设置在所述主油缸的下方。
进一步地，所述自定位承压板包括一与所述油缸部分间隔一定距离设置的承压板板体以及至少三个用于自动调节承压方向使所述标准传感器的受力轴与所述拉力杆主体的受力轴平行的万向球轴承，所述万向球轴承环绕所述拉力框架的中心轴线均匀布设镶嵌在所述承压板板体的上端面上并露出所述万向球轴承的上端部分与所述主油缸的油缸部分刚好接触。
进一步地，所述主油缸的外侧还设有一可对所述主油缸进行水平调整的螺钉，所述螺钉的顶端顶住所述承压板板体的上端面。
进一步地，所述拉力框架包括一埋设在所述秤台地基的深处的地脚拉力杆或拉力环和一连接在所述地脚拉力杆或拉力环上的拉力杆主体。
进一步地，所述限位件为一套设在所述拉力杆主体的最上端的用于锁紧的螺母。
进一步地，所述拉力框架还包括一紧邻所述螺母的下端且套设在所述拉力杆主体上的承压垫、一紧邻所述承压垫的下端并套设在所述拉力杆主体上用于自动调整所述拉力杆主体与所述标准传感器的同轴度的推力关节轴承。
进一步地，所述标准传感器包括上底座，下底座以及设于上下底座之间的弹性体，所述上底座紧邻所述推力关节轴承的下端设置。
进一步地，所述拉力框架还包括一可使所述拉力杆主体保持同轴且垂直于所述秤台台面的自调整同轴度机构，所述自调整同轴度机构设置在所述拉力杆主体与所述地脚拉力杆或拉力环之间，所述自调整同轴度机构包括一杆端推力轴承。
进一步地，所述拉力框架还包括一设置在所述拉力杆主体位于所述秤台台面以下的下端的高度调节拉杆。
进一步地，所述恒载荷控制装置包括油源机构、恒载荷控制机构、带恒载荷控制软件的计算机。
进一步地，所述油源机构包括第一伺服电机、第二伺服电机、第一伺服油泵、第二伺服油泵，所述第一伺服电机和第二伺服电机的输入端均与所述计算机连接，所述第一伺服电机的输出端与所述第一伺服油泵的输入端连接，所述第二伺服电机的输出端与所述第二伺服油泵的输入端连接；所述恒载荷控制机构包括一溢流阀、一换向阀以及一电动截止阀，所述换向阀的输入端分别与所述第一伺服油泵和第二伺服油泵的输出端连接，所述换向阀还与所述溢流阀连接，所述换向阀的输出端与所述主油缸连接；所述至少三个标准传感器与所述标准传感器测量显示仪表连接，所述标准传感器测量显示仪表再与所述计算机连接，所述衡器的各传感器与所述衡器的显示仪表相连接，所述衡器的显示仪表再与所述计算机连接。
本发明解决的技术问题之二所采用的技术方案如下所述：
用于检定大型衡器的自定位加卸载载荷测量装置，其中，所述自定位加卸载载荷测量装置包括一可用于替代标准砝码或标准砝码的替代物对秤台台面加卸载的自定位的加卸载机构以及一紧邻所述加卸载机构的上端设置的高精度载荷测量仪，所述高精度载荷测量仪的准确度至少为所述衡器的准确度的3倍。
进一步地，所述自定位加卸载载荷测量装置沿着一穿过预设在所述衡器的秤台台面上的一秤台孔与秤台地基相连接并且垂直于所述秤台台面设置的拉力框架的四周设置。
进一步地，所述高精度载荷测量仪包括至少三个环绕所述拉力框架的中心轴线均匀布设的标准传感器、一设于所述高精度载荷测量仪的上方的限位件以及一与所述各标准传感器相连接并用于显示所述标准传感器的力值载荷的标准传感器测量显示仪表。
进一步地，所述加卸载机构包括一主油缸和一自定位承压板，所述主油缸包括位于外侧的油缸部分和位于内侧的活塞部分，所述活塞部分紧邻所述标准传感器的下端设置，所述加卸载机构还包括一设置在所述衡器的秤台台面上并且套设在所述拉力框架上的自定位承压板，所述自定位承压板设置在所述主油缸的下方。
进一步地，所述自定位承压板包括一与所述油缸部分间隔一定距离设置的承压板板体以及至少三个用于自动调节承压方向使所述标准传感器的受力轴与所述拉力杆主体的受力轴平行的万向球轴承，所述万向球轴承环绕所述拉力框架的中心轴线均匀布设镶嵌在所述承压板板体的上端面上并露出所述万向球轴承的上端部分与所述主油缸的油缸部分刚好接触。
本发明所实现的一种检定大型衡器的系统，是采用国际标准中规定的第二种标准器来检定大型衡器，第二种标准器具体是一种独立的辅助装置，即非砝码型校验衡器装置，具有如下优点：
1、因为不是检定衡器的传感器，而是直接对衡器进行所需的各项检定，所以不需要检测秤台台面的挠度，并且检定过程中可直接在传感器支承点附近实施检定，不限定在传感器支承点的位置，因而能模拟衡器实际的称重状态。
2、检定和运输安全方便。所述非砝码校验衡器装置整套自重不超过1.5吨，体积小、重量轻，所以检定和运输安全方便；
3、检定工作量小。由于采用恒载荷控制装置进行自动加卸载荷，并可通过软件设计，进行自动控制，无需搬动几百甚至上千吨砝码或替代物，捡定工作量小；
4、检定效率高。无需运输检定所需大量标准砝码和寻找替代物，半个工作日就能检定一台100吨或200吨汽车衡，工作效率极高。
5、检定所需成本低。实施该装置时，只需一部小型货车一次就能将标准器运到目的地，只要半个工作日就能完成检定。
6、社会效益极好。与过去采用标准砝码作为标准器检定衡器的检定方法相比，根据估算，平均检定一台大吨电子汽车衡，运输费可节约5000元、人工费可节约3000元，例如，福建全省共有4000多台，一年检定2次，一年就可为福建企业节约成本陆仟多万元。
【附图说明】
下面参照附图结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步的说明。
图1是现有技术中采用标准砝码或标准砝码和替代物检定衡器的示意图。
图2是本发明所述的检定系统的剖视图。
图3是本发明所述的自定位加卸载载荷测量装置的剖视图。
图4是本发明所述的检定系统的剖视图。
图5a是本发明所述的标准传感器的剖视图。
图5b是图5a中的标准传感器的A-A剖视图。
图6是本发明所述的加卸载机构和高精度载荷测量仪的位置关系的剖视图。
图7a是本发明所述的自定位承压板的剖视图。
图7b是图7a中的自定位承压板的俯视图。
图8是安装本发明所述的检定系统的内外部连接关系图。
图9a是采用本发明所述的检定系统检定衡器的示意图。
图9b是采用本发明所述的检定系统检定衡器的示意图。
【具体实施方式】
请重点参阅图2、图3、图4和图8所示，本发明所述的一种检定大型衡器的系统，所述检定系统1是一种非砝码型的独立的辅助衡器的检定系统，可用于对大型固定式电子衡器2（见图9a）进行计量检定，包括：至少四个拉力框架11、至少四个自定位加卸载载荷测量装置12以及一恒载荷控制装置13，所述拉力框架11的数目与所述自定位加卸载载荷测量装置12的数目一致，并且一一对应设置在一起，各所述拉力框架11穿过预设在所述衡器2的秤台台面21上的一秤台孔211与秤台地基3相连接并且垂直于所述秤台台面21设置；各所述自定位加卸载载荷测量装置12沿着各所述拉力框架11的四周设置用于替代标准砝码或标准砝码的替代物对秤台台面21加卸载以及进行载荷测量，各所述自定位加卸载载荷测量装置12包括一可自定位的加卸载机构121和一高精度载荷测量仪122，所述高精度载荷测量仪122紧邻所述加卸载机构121的上端设置，为保证检定的准确性和溯源性，所述高精度载荷测量仪122的准确度至少为所述衡器的准确度的3倍。所述恒载荷控制装置13与所述加卸载机构121相连接并用于使所述加卸载机构121加载时保持所加载荷恒定。
请重点参阅图3所示，所述高精度载荷测量仪122包括至少一个标准传感器1221、一标准传感器测量显示仪表1222（见图8）以及一限位件1223，所述限位件1223设置在所述标准传感器1221的上方，为可拆卸式，可用于限定和调节所述标准传感器1221的位置，本实施例中，所述限位件1223由一螺设在所述拉力框架11上的螺母承担，所述螺母可用于锁紧限位；所述标准传感器测量显示仪表1222与所述标准传感器1221相连接并用于显示所述标准传感器1221的力值载荷。
请重点参阅图4所示，所述拉力框架11包括一地脚拉力杆111、一拉力杆主体112、一承压垫113、一推力关节轴承114、一自调整同轴度机构115以及一高度调节拉杆116。图4中所示为地脚拉力杆111，所述地脚拉力杆111埋设在所述秤台地基的深处并与所述拉力杆主体112固定连接；所述承压垫113紧邻所述限位件1223（即螺母）的下端且套设在所述拉力杆主体112上的；所述推力关节轴承114紧邻所述承压垫113的下端并套设在所述拉力杆主体112上；所述自调整同轴度机构115设置在所述拉力杆主体112与所述地脚拉力杆111之间，可用于自动调整所述拉力杆主体112与所述标准传感器1221（见图3）的同轴度，可使所述拉力杆主体112保持同轴且垂直于所述秤台台面21，具体地，所述自调整同轴度机构115通过一杆端推力轴承承担来实现同轴度的调整；所述高度调节拉杆116设置在所述拉力杆主体112的下端，具体地是指拉力杆主体112位于所述秤台台面21以下的下端，所述高度调节拉杆116可以根据检定场地的秤台台面21与秤台地基3的高度很方便地调节拉力框架11所需的高度。
请重点参阅图5a和图5b所示，所述高精度载荷测量仪122包括至少三个标准传感器1221，所述各标准传感器1221环绕所述拉力框架11的中心轴线均匀布设，所述标准传感器测量显示仪表1222（见图3）与所述各标准传感器1221相连接并用于显示所述各标准传感器1221的合力的力值载荷，所述标准传感器1221包括上底座12211，下底座12212以及设于上下底座之间的弹性体12213，所述上底座12211紧邻所述推力关节轴承114（见图4）的下端设置。所述高精度载荷测量仪122还包括一将所述标准传感器1221包裹在内的壳体1224，以及设于所述壳体1224上可方便操作的扶手1225。
请重点参阅图6所示，所述加卸载机构121包括一自定位承压板1211以及一主油缸1212。所述主油缸1212包括位于外侧的油缸部分12121和位于内侧的活塞部分12122，所述活塞部分12122紧邻所述标准传感器1221的下底座12212设置，所述活塞部分12122向上运动做功时，可使所述标准传感器1221受力；所述加卸载机构121还包括一设置在所述衡器2（见图图9a）的秤台台面21（见图9a）上并且套设在所述拉力框架11上的自定位承压板1211，所述自定位承压板1211设置在所述主油缸1212的下方，当油缸部分12121向下运动做功时，所述自定位承压板1211受力，从而使秤台台面21受力。因为，所述自定位承压板1211具有一定覆盖面积，所以能覆盖秤台孔211附近的一部分面积，从而能模拟所述衡器2的真实称重状态，实现更科学的计量检定。
请重点参阅图6、图7a和7b所示，所述自定位承压板1211包括一承压板板体12111以及与至少三个万向球轴承12112。所述承压板板体12111与所述油缸部分12121间隔一定距离设置；本实施例中，所述万向球轴承12112为6个，所述万向球轴承12112环绕所述拉力杆主体112的中心轴线均匀布设镶嵌在所述承压板板体12111的上端面上并露出所述万向球轴承12112的上端部分与所述主油缸1211的油缸部分12121刚好接触，所述承压板板体12111和设置在上部的所述油缸部分12121之间除了与各万向球轴承12112接触外，其它地方都有一定的空隙，所述万向球轴承12112用于自动调节承压方向使所述标准传感器1221的受力轴与所述拉力杆主体112的受力轴平行。所述主油缸1211的外侧还设有一可进行水平调整的螺钉12123，所述螺钉12123的顶端顶住所述承压板板体12111的上端面，可用于调整定位使所述主油缸1212整体上处于水平状态，以保证所述主油缸1212在位置定位后使用。
请重点参阅图2、图8所示，所述恒载荷控制装置13包括油源机构131、恒载荷控制机构132、带恒载荷控制软件的计算机133。所述油源机构131包括第一伺服电机1311、第二伺服电机1312、第一伺服油泵1313、第二伺服油泵1314，所述第一伺服电机1311和第二伺服电机1312的输入端均与所述计算机133连接，所述第一伺服电机1311的输出端与所述第一伺服油泵1313的输入端连接，所述第二伺服电机1312的输出端与所述第二伺服油泵1314的输入端连接；所述恒载荷控制机构132包括一溢流阀1321、一换向阀1322以及一电动截止阀1323，所述溢流阀1321用于调节流量或过载保护，所述换向阀1322用于控制主油缸的进油或回油，所述电动截止阀1323用于控制主油缸1211的动作，所述换向阀的输入端与所述第一伺服油泵1313和第二伺服油泵1314的输出端连接，所述换向阀还与所述溢流阀1321连接，所述换向阀的输出端还与所述电动截止阀1323相连接后再与所述主油缸1211连接，或者，所述换向阀的输出端直接与所述主油缸1211连接；所述至少三个标准传感器1221与所述标准传感器测量显示仪表1222连接，所述标准传感器测量显示仪表1222再与所述计算机133连接，所述衡器的各传感器231-234与所述衡器的秤显示仪表22相连接，所述衡器的秤显示仪表22再与所述计算机133连接。
请结合图2-4、图5a-5b、图6、图7a-7b、图8所示，本发明所述的一种检定大型衡器的系统的各个部分的工作原理如下：
拉力框架11：拉力框架11通过拉力杆主体112上的自调整同轴度机构115自动调整拉力杆主体112与标准传感器1221的同轴度，使两者的中心轴线平行，并且调整到两者均垂直于所需检定的衡器2的秤台台面21；拉力框架11通过拉力杆主体112上的推力关节轴承114调整受力的垂直度与标准传感器1221轴线的垂直度，保证标准传感器1221的受力轴线与标准传感器1221本身的轴线一致。拉力框架11还包括高度调节拉杆116，可以根据检定场地的秤台台面21与秤台地基3的高度很方便地调节拉力框架11所需的高度。框架部分的拉力强度可达到300kN。
自定位加卸载载荷测量装置12：在对大型衡器2进行检定时，由于无法保证安装在秤台台面21上的高精度载荷测量仪122的标准传感器1221受力的同轴度，所以需要设计自定位承压板1211自动调整标准传感器1221受力轴向与拉力杆主体112受力轴向的平行和允许偏心载荷的标准传感器1221，才能满足检测的需要。允许偏心载荷的标准传感器1221是由三个可采集力值的标准传感器1221均布安装在上底座12211和下底座12212之间，且三个标准传感器1221输出灵敏度一致，从而保证标准传感器1221承受偏心载荷时，输出与重量值成正比例的电信号，使合力载荷不变。标准传感器1221受力时，标准传感器1221的弹性体12213变形，贴附于弹性体12213上的应变片桥路失去平衡，输出与重量值成正比例的电信号，经线性放大器将信号放大，再经A/D转换为数字信号，由标准传感器测量显示仪表1222的微处理器对信号进行处理后直接显示重量值。自定位承压板1211由承压板主体12111和万向球轴承12112组成，高精度载荷测量仪122的标准传感器1221的受力轴向与拉力杆主体112的受力轴向不平行时，当FX>1kgf时，加卸载机构121和高精度载荷测量仪122在万向球轴承12112的作用下，加卸载机构121和标准传感器1221会自动调节其位置，使标准传感器1221受力轴向与拉力杆受力轴向平行。所述活塞部分12122紧邻所述标准传感器1221的下底座设置，所述活塞部分12122向上运动做功时，因为受到所述限位件1223的定位限制，可使所述标准传感器1221受力，所述自定位承压板1211设置在所述主油缸1212的下方，所述活塞部分12122与油缸部分12121互相之间的反作用力使油缸部分12121向下运动做功，此时，所述自定位承压板1211受力，从而使秤台台面21受力。简言之，检定开始后，加卸载机构121对高精度载荷测量仪122和自定位承压板1211进行加载，使高精度载荷测量仪122和自定位承压板1211同时承受力值大小相等的载荷，由于自定位承压板1211放在衡器2比如汽车衡的秤台台面21上，使汽车衡秤台台面21受到向下的力值载荷（相当于货物的重量值），通过汽车衡的秤仪表显示器22显示重量值；高精度载荷测量仪122通过力标准机（未图示）定点标定，其示值为真值。比较高精度载荷测量仪122的显示值与汽车衡的秤仪表显示器22的显示值的差值，即为衡器2的误差值。所述自定位加卸载载荷测量装置12如图2所示，质量测量准确度优于0.01％、重复性优于0.01%、自定位位置准确度优于φ0.3。
恒载荷控制装置13：恒载荷控制装置13可达到如下指标：灵敏限：0.01%、负荷波动性(力源稳定度)：0.005%/30min、每级加卸载时间<30s、力值稳定保持时间优于1小时。
如图8所示，下面以仅包括4个传感器231-234的汽车衡器2为例来说明安装本发明所述的检定系统的连接关系图，所述衡器包括一节秤台台面21、一秤显示仪表22，各传感器231-234均连接到所述秤显示仪表22。安装时，需要在衡器的四周附近安装秤台孔251-254，以及所述秤台台面21的中心安装秤台孔255，所述秤台孔251的位置安装有拉力框架11-1和自定位加卸载载荷测量装置12-1，所述自定位加卸载载荷测量装置12-1包括标准传感器1221-1、主油缸1212-1，同理，秤台孔252上安装有拉力框架11-2和自定位加卸载载荷测量装置12-2，其它秤台孔安装的自定位加卸载载荷测量装置在图9中未完全显示，所述自定位加卸载载荷测量装置12-2包括标准传感器1221-2、主油缸1212-2。所述标准传感器1221-1、1221-2都连接到所述标准传感器测量显示仪表1222，所述标准传感器1221-3、1221-4、1221-5也均连接到所述标准传感器测量显示仪表1222，所述主油缸1212-1、1212-2都连接到所述恒载荷控制装置13中的电动截止阀1323，其它秤台孔安装的自定位加卸载载荷测量装置的主油缸1212-3、1212-4、1212-5也均连接到所述电动截止阀1323。所述各自定位加卸载载荷测量装置中共用一标准传感器测量显示仪表1222，可同时显示各个称量点的标准值。
本发明所述的检定系统的控制工作原理如下：
请具体参阅图8，所述计算机133根据对汽车衡检定的需要，控制电动载止阀1323控制单个或同时控制多个自定位加卸载载荷测量装置，从而实现对汽车衡的称量值单点或多点自动检测。如对自定位加卸载载荷测量装置12-1举例说明控制过程：设定控制质量值后开始试验，电动截止阀1323开通连接到所述主油缸1212-1的油路，其余截止。计算机133通过标准传感器测量显示仪表1222采集标准传感器1221-1的实际信号，因为采用的是均匀分布的三个标准传感器，所以次处的实际信号实际为三个标准传感器1221的合力（即合力为实际目标质量值），通过运算，向第一伺服电机1311、第二伺服电机1312发送速度、转矩指令，第一伺服电机1311控制第一伺服油泵1313的转速、转矩，通过换向阀1322对主油缸1212-1进油，第二伺服电机1312控制第二伺服油泵1314的转速、转矩，通过换向阀1322对主油缸1212-1回油；第一伺服油泵1313与第二伺服油泵1314的转速差决定主油缸1212-1的进退、压力、速度。主油缸1212-1通过标准传感器测量显示仪表1222、标准传感器1221-1实时向计算机133发送信号，计算机133实时通过运算向第一伺服电机1311、第二伺服电机1312发送速度、转矩指令，如此形成一个闭环控制；直到标准传感器1221-1的合力值达到设定的质量值，此时汽车衡显示器即秤显示仪表2210的显示值与标准传感器测量仪表1222显示值的差值即为衡器控制质量值的误差。在实际检定过程中，在每个衡器支承点附近安装拉力框架11和自定位加卸载载荷测量装置12，利用恒载荷控制装置13，通过安装在计算机133上的软件可按《GB7723-2008固定式电子衡器》国家标准和《JJG539-1997数字指示秤检定规程》中规定分别对衡器2进行预压、称量测试、鉴别力测试、除皮称量测试、偏载测试、重复性测试等计量性能进行测试和检查，在进行各项目测试和检查时，比较各自定位加卸载载荷测量装置12的称重值之和与所检的衡器的秤仪表显示器22值差值，即为衡器2的检定误差值。本发明所述的检定系统1对汽车衡检定状态与汽车称重状态一致，保证检定电子汽车衡结果的有效性和可靠性。虽然以汽车衡的检定为例进行说明，但本发明所述的检定系统1并不仅限于汽车衡的检定，可用于各种用途和机构的大型固定式电子衡器的检定。
本发明所述的一种检定大型衡器的系统的具体安装和检定方法如下：
如图9a和图9b所示，与现有技术中的图1所示不同的是，采用本发明所实现的一种检定大型固定式电子衡器的系统来对衡器2进行检定时，不是采用标准砝码或标准砝码和替代物，而是采用国际标准中定义的第二种标准器来实现检定，图9a所示的是固定式电子衡器2，包括秤台台面21、秤显示仪表22，以规格为100吨的固定式电子汽车衡为例，秤台台面21分为三节台面，分别编号为211，212，213，该汽车衡共采用了八个传感器，分别编号为231-238，在各传感器231-238的上方包括八个传感器支承点，分别编号为241-248，检定时，在靠近八个传感器支承点241-248的秤台台面上分别打八个秤台孔251-258，还需要在三个秤台台面211-213的中心分别打一个秤台孔259，也有一些衡器的秤台台面21上已预留有多个秤台孔，然后通过上述各孔来安装标准器即本发明所述的拉力框架和自定位加卸载载荷测量装置12在恒载荷控制装置的控制下来实施检定工作。如图9b中所示，秤台台面21上的八个秤台孔251－258上同时安装了八个本发明所述的拉力框架11和自测量加卸载载荷测量装置12，所述拉力框架11连接到地脚拉力环111上，此时，恒载荷控制装置仍仅为一个，来控制各个自测量加卸载载荷测量装置12的动作。
请参阅图9a和图9b所示，本发明所述的检定系统的检定操作过程如下：
1、安装非砝码独立的辅助衡器检定装置：在秤台各个传感器附近台面孔（槽）位置上和各台面的中间台面上安装拉力框架和自定位加卸载载荷测量装置，通过拉力框架连接孔（槽）下方拉力杆（环）和自定位加卸载载荷测量装置组成对秤台台面加卸载测量系统。
2、清零：松开拉力架上螺紧的螺母，使秤台不受载，对两个测量系统仪表清零。
3、预压：调整拉力架上螺设的螺母，对各个自定位加卸载载荷测量装置加载200kg，稳定30秒后(加卸载机构和标准传感器在万向球轴承的作用下自动调节其位置，使标准传感器受力轴向与拉力杆受力轴向平行。拉力框架通过拉力杆上推力关节轴承和杆端关节轴承自动调整拉力杆与标准传感器的同轴度)，对各个自定位加卸载载荷测量装置加载至秤台满量程一次。
4、置零与除皮装置的准确度和加载前置零的检定：用10个1kg砝码和10个200g的砝码对秤进行置零与除皮装置的准确度和加载前置零的检定。
5、偏载测试：控制恒载荷控制装置分别按编号顺序对各个自定位加卸载载荷测量装置施加载荷至偏载值，每次施加载荷至偏载值后保荷30s，记录各个自定位加卸载载荷测量装置仪表显示值、衡器的仪表称量显示值，并进行比较。
6、称量测试：控制恒载荷控制装置同时对各个自定位加卸载载荷测量装置(各台面中间的自定位加卸载载荷测量装置除外)逐级按规程规定施加载荷，施加载荷后按相反载荷点逐级卸载至零点，每次施加载荷或卸载至载荷值后保荷30s，记录每点各个自定位加卸载载荷测量装置仪表显示值总和值、衡器的仪表称量显示值，并进行比较。
7、除皮称量测试：①首先在秤台各台面中间的自定位加卸载载荷测量装置上施加预定的皮重值，秤去皮重后，通过控制恒载荷控制装置同时对各个自定位加卸载载荷测量装置(各台面中间的自定位加卸载载荷测量装置载荷不变)逐级按规程规定施加载荷值，施加载荷后按相反载荷点逐级卸载至零点，每次施加载荷或卸载至载荷值后保荷30s，记录每点各个自定位加卸载载荷测量装置仪表显示值总和值、衡器的仪表称量显示值，并进行比较。②再次在秤台各台面中间的自定位加卸载载荷测量装置上施加不同预定的皮重值，秤去皮重后，重复以上步骤，记录每点各个自定位加卸载载荷测量装置仪表显示值总和值、衡器的仪表称量显示值，并进行比较。
8、重复性测试：控制恒载荷控制装置同时对各个自定位加卸载载荷测量装置(各台面中间的自定位加卸载载荷测量装置除外)逐级施加载荷值为规程规定载荷值，施加载荷后卸载至零点，每次施加至载荷值后保荷30s，记录每次每点各个自定位加卸载载荷测量装置仪表显示值总和值、衡器的仪表称量显示值，并进行比较，重复三次以上步骤。
9、根据检定结果，判断是否需要调整汽车衡的称量准确度，若需调整，重复以上检定步骤，直至符合检定规程为止。
虽然以汽车衡的检定为例进行说明，但本发明所述的检定装置并不仅限于汽车衡的检定，可用于各种用途和结构的大型固定式电子衡器的检定。
本发明还可以有其它实施方式，凡采用同等替换或等效变换形成的技术方案，均落在本发明要求保护的范围之内。

Claims (19)

1、一种检定大型衡器的系统，其特征在于：包括：
至少四个穿过预设在所述衡器的秤台台面上的一秤台孔与秤台地基相连接并且垂直于所述秤台台面设置的拉力框架；
至少四个对应所述拉力框架设置用于替代标准砝码或标准砝码的替代物对所述秤台台面加卸载以及进行载荷测量的自定位加卸载载荷测量装置，所述自定位加卸载载荷测量装置环绕所述拉力框架的四周设置；以及
一与所述加卸载机构相连接并用于使所述加卸载机构加载时保持所加载荷恒定的恒载荷控制装置。
2、根据权利要求1所述的检定大型衡器的系统，其特征在于：所述自定位加卸载载荷测量装置包括一可自定位的加卸载机构、一紧邻所述加卸载机构的上端设置的高精度载荷测量仪，所述高精度载荷测量仪的准确度至少为所述衡器的准确度的3倍。
3、根据权利要求2所述的检定大型衡器的系统，其特征在于：所述高精度载荷测量仪包括至少三个环绕所述拉力框架的中心轴线均匀布设的标准传感器、一设于各所述标准传感器的上方的限位件，以及一与各所述标准传感器相连接并用于显示所述标准传感器的力值载荷的标准传感器测量显示仪表。
4、根据权利要求3所述的检定大型衡器的系统，其特征在于：所述加卸载机构包括一主油缸和一自定位承压板，所述主油缸包括位于外侧的油缸部分和位于内侧的活塞部分，所述活塞部分紧邻所述标准传感器的下端设置，所述加卸载机构还包括一设置在所述衡器的秤台台面上并且套设在所述拉力框架上的自定位承压板，所述自定位承压板设置在所述主油缸的下方。
5、根据权利要求4所述的检定大型衡器的系统，其特征在于：所述自定位承压板包括一与所述油缸部分间隔一定距离设置的承压板板体以及至少三个用于自动调节承压方向使所述标准传感器的受力轴与所述拉力杆主体的受力轴平行的万向球轴承，所述万向球轴承环绕所述拉力框架的中心轴线均匀布设镶嵌在所述承压板板体的上端面上并露出所述万向球轴承的上端部分与所述主油缸的油缸部分刚好接触。
6、根据权利要求5所述的检定大型衡器的系统，其特征在于：所述主油缸的外侧还设有一可对所述主油缸进行水平调整的螺钉，所述螺钉的顶端顶住所述承压板板体的上端面。
7、根据权利要求3所述的检定大型衡器的系统，其特征在于：所述拉力框架包括一埋设在所述秤台地基的深处的地脚拉力杆或拉力环和一连接在所述地脚拉力杆或拉力环上的拉力杆主体。
8、根据权利要求7所述的检定大型衡器的系统，其特征在于：所述限位件为一套设在所述拉力杆主体的最上端的用于锁紧的螺母。
9、根据权利要求7所述的检定大型衡器的系统，其特征在于：所述拉力框架还包括一紧邻所述螺母的下端且套设在所述拉力杆主体上的承压垫、一紧邻所述承压垫的下端并套设在所述拉力杆主体上用于自动调整所述拉力杆主体与所述标准传感器的同轴度的推力关节轴承。
10、根据权利要求9所述的检定大型衡器的系统，其特征在于：所述标准传感器包括上底座，下底座以及设于上下底座之间的弹性体，所述上底座紧邻所述推力关节轴承的下端设置。
11、根据权利要求7所述的检定大型衡器的系统，其特征在于：所述拉力框架还包括一可使所述拉力杆主体保持同轴且垂直于所述秤台台面的自调整同轴度机构，所述自调整同轴度机构设置在所述拉力杆主体与所述地脚拉力杆或拉力环之间，所述自调整同轴度机构包括一杆端推力轴承。
12、根据权利要求7所述的检定大型衡器的系统，其特征在于：所述拉力框架还包括一设置在所述拉力杆主体位于所述秤台台面以下的下端的高度调节拉杆。
13、根据权利要求1-12任一项所述的检定大型衡器的系统，其特征在于：所述恒载荷控制装置包括油源机构、恒载荷控制机构、带恒载荷控制软件的计算机。
14、根据权利要求13所述的检定大型衡器的系统，其特征在于：所述油源机构包括第一伺服电机、第二伺服电机、第一伺服油泵、第二伺服油泵，所述第一伺服电机和第二伺服电机的输入端均与所述计算机连接，所述第一伺服电机的输出端与所述第一伺服油泵的输入端连接，所述第二伺服电机的输出端与所述第二伺服油泵的输入端连接；所述恒载荷控制机构包括一溢流阀、一换向阀以及一电动截止阀，所述换向阀的输入端分别与所述第一伺服油泵和第二伺服油泵的输出端连接，所述换向阀还与所述溢流阀连接，所述换向阀的输出端与所述主油缸连接；所述至少三个标准传感器与所述标准传感器测量显示仪表连接，所述标准传感器测量显示仪表再与所述计算机连接，所述衡器的各传感器与所述衡器的显示仪表相连接，所述衡器的显示仪表再与所述计算机连接。
15、一种用于检定大型衡器的自定位加卸载载荷测量装置，其特征在于：所述自定位加卸载载荷测量装置包括一可用于替代标准砝码或标准砝码的替代物对秤台台面加卸载的自定位的加卸载机构以及一紧邻所述加卸载机构的上端设置的高精度载荷测量仪，所述高精度载荷测量仪的准确度至少为所述衡器的准确度的3倍。
16、根据权利要求15所述的用于检定大型衡器的自定位加卸载载荷测量装置，其特征在于：所述自定位加卸载载荷测量装置沿着一穿过预设在所述衡器的秤台台面上的一秤台孔与秤台地基相连接并且垂直于所述秤台台面设置的拉力框架的四周设置。
17、根据权利要求16所述的用于检定大型衡器的自定位加卸载载荷测量装置，其特征在于：所述高精度载荷测量仪包括至少三个环绕所述拉力框架的中心轴线均匀布设的标准传感器、一设于所述标准传感器的上方的限位件以及一与所述各标准传感器相连接并用于显示所述标准传感器的力值载荷的标准传感器测量显示仪表。
18、根据权利要求17所述的用于检定大型衡器的自定位加卸载载荷测量装置，其特征在于：所述加卸载机构包括一主油缸和一自定位承压板，所述主油缸包括位于外侧的油缸部分和位于内侧的活塞部分，所述活塞部分紧邻所述标准传感器的下端设置，所述加卸载机构还包括一设置在所述衡器的秤台台面上并且套设在所述拉力框架上的自定位承压板，所述自定位承压板设置在所述主油缸的下方。
19、根据权利要求18所述的用于检定大型衡器的自定位加卸载载荷测量装置，其特征在于：所述自定位承压板包括一与所述油缸部分间隔一定距离设置的承压板板体以及至少三个用于自动调节承压方向使所述标准传感器的受力轴与所述拉力框架的受力轴平行的万向球轴承，所述万向球轴承环绕所述拉力框架的中心轴线均匀布设镶嵌在所述承压板板体的上端面上并露出所述万向球轴承的上端部分与所述主油缸的油缸部分刚好接触。
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