WO2011162344A1 - 燃料処理システム、排ガスの利用方法及び排ガス利用装置 - Google Patents
燃料処理システム、排ガスの利用方法及び排ガス利用装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2011162344A1 WO2011162344A1 PCT/JP2011/064433 JP2011064433W WO2011162344A1 WO 2011162344 A1 WO2011162344 A1 WO 2011162344A1 JP 2011064433 W JP2011064433 W JP 2011064433W WO 2011162344 A1 WO2011162344 A1 WO 2011162344A1
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- exhaust gas
- coal
- heat
- drying
- gas
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23K—FEEDING FUEL TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS
- F23K1/00—Preparation of lump or pulverulent fuel in readiness for delivery to combustion apparatus
- F23K1/04—Heating fuel prior to delivery to combustion apparatus
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K13/00—General layout or general methods of operation of complete plants
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2206/00—Waste heat recuperation
- F23G2206/10—Waste heat recuperation reintroducing the heat in the same process, e.g. for predrying
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23K—FEEDING FUEL TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS
- F23K2201/00—Pretreatment of solid fuel
- F23K2201/20—Drying
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23K—FEEDING FUEL TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS
- F23K2203/00—Feeding arrangements
- F23K2203/10—Supply line fittings
- F23K2203/103—Storage devices
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
- Y02E20/12—Heat utilisation in combustion or incineration of waste
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a fuel treatment system, an exhaust gas utilization method, and an exhaust gas utilization device.
- low-grade fuels with high moisture content such as low-grade coal with high moisture content and biomass with high moisture content
- low-grade fuels with high moisture content such as low-grade coal with high moisture content and biomass with high moisture content
- Patent Document 1 For example, a coal drying method and a drying facility disclosed in the following Patent Document 1 are known as a way to escape from such a situation.
- the drying facility disclosed in Patent Document 1 is for drying high-moisture coal, which is a low-grade fuel, in an atmosphere of 80 ° C. to 150 ° C. using combustion exhaust gas after passing through an exhaust gas temperature reducing device such as an air heater.
- sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ) is contained in the exhaust gas after burning the fuel, and a part thereof is oxidized to sulfur trioxide (SO 2 ).
- SO 2 sulfur dioxide
- SO 3 sulfur trioxide
- the exhaust gas from the combustion furnace is usually processed by an exhaust gas treatment facility such as a denitration device, a heat recovery device, an electrostatic precipitator, and a desulfurization device provided at the subsequent stage of the combustion furnace.
- an exhaust gas treatment facility such as a denitration device, a heat recovery device, an electrostatic precipitator, and a desulfurization device provided at the subsequent stage of the combustion furnace.
- SO 3 in the exhaust gas is condensed as sulfuric acid, which causes corrosion of the flue, various facilities, devices, and the like.
- S content Sulfur components (S content) are contained in the high moisture coal.
- S content Sulfur components (S content) are contained in the high moisture coal.
- combustion exhaust gas containing SO 3 is generated and discharged from the combustion furnace.
- the temperature of the combustion exhaust gas after passing through the air heater downstream of the combustion furnace decreases and falls below the acid dew point temperature
- SO 3 in the exhaust gas is condensed as sulfuric acid.
- the acid dew point temperature refers to a temperature at which SO 3 in the gas reacts with moisture to start dew condensation as sulfuric acid.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above points, and is a fuel processing system, an exhaust gas utilization method, and an exhaust gas capable of achieving efficient utilization of thermal energy and active utilization technology of low-grade fuel. It aims at providing a utilization apparatus.
- the present invention is a fuel that can more efficiently and efficiently use the thermal energy of exhaust gas while processing SO 3 in the exhaust gas more inexpensively and easily, and can efficiently operate power generation facilities with less defects.
- An object is to provide a treatment system, an exhaust gas utilization method, and an exhaust gas utilization device.
- the fuel processing system includes a drying processing facility for drying fuel using hot gas, an adjusting means for adjusting the temperature of the hot gas and supplying the temperature to the drying processing facility, and a moisture content of the fuel And a control unit for controlling the adjusting means based on data on the ignition point temperature.
- a supply port for supplying fuel, a desulfurizing agent and an oxygen-containing gas, and an exhaust port for discharging exhaust gas after burning the fuel with the oxygen-containing gas are provided.
- Heat is exchanged between the boiler, the exhaust gas discharged from the boiler and the heat medium, and the heat medium is heated by the exhaust gas, and is supplied to the boiler
- the heat medium circulates with second heat exchange means for performing heat exchange between water and the heated heat medium after the heat exchange so that the water is heated by the heat medium.
- the adjusting means can also control the flow rate of the hot gas, for example.
- the adjusting means may be constituted by a heat exchanger, for example.
- the heat exchanger may be constituted by, for example, a boiler feed water heater.
- the adjusting means includes, for example, a distribution means for distributing the hot gas supplied from the hot gas supply facility to the heat exchanger and the bypass passage, the hot gas discharged from the heat exchanger and the heat passing through the bypass passage. It may further comprise mixing means for mixing gas.
- the apparatus further comprises a thermal power generation facility for generating power by burning the fuel dried using the drying treatment facility, the thermal power generation facility comprising: a combustion furnace for burning the fuel; and a desulfurizing agent provided in the combustion furnace. It is preferable to have a desulfurizing agent blowing means to be injected.
- the surface temperature of the circulation path in contact with the exhaust gas in the first heat exchange means is higher than the dew point temperature of the exhaust gas.
- the temperature of the heat medium is controlled by adjusting the flow rate of the heat medium that bypasses the second heat exchange means, for example.
- the boiler includes a combustion furnace for burning fuel, and a nose portion that is provided above the combustion furnace and narrows the space of the combustion furnace, and the supply port for supplying a desulfurizing agent includes the nose portion It can comprise so that it may be located in the vicinity.
- the desulfurizing agent is a calcium compound, and the calcium compound preferably includes cement factory dust containing calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ).
- the exhaust gas utilization method supplies coal containing moisture and sulfur components to a drying treatment facility, dries the coal, supplies the dried coal to a combustion furnace, burns the coal,
- a method of using exhaust gas using heat characterized in that a desulfurizing agent is supplied into the combustion furnace, the exhaust gas is desulfurized in the combustion furnace, and the heat of the exhaust gas after desulfurization is used as a drying heat source for the coal. To do.
- the exhaust gas utilization method includes supplying coal containing moisture and sulfur components to a drying treatment facility, drying the coal, supplying the dried coal to a combustion furnace, burning the coal, and removing the ash after combustion.
- a method of using exhaust gas that utilizes the heat of exhaust gas comprising the step of cooling the exhaust gas by exhaust gas temperature reducing means, and mixing the cooled exhaust gas and a hot gas having a temperature higher than that to mix a mixed gas. And a step of supplying the mixed gas to the drying treatment facility, wherein the mixed gas is generated so that an oxygen concentration is 10% by volume or less.
- the method of using exhaust gas according to the present invention supplies moisture-containing coal to a drying treatment facility, dries the coal, supplies the dried coal to a combustion furnace, burns the coal, and uses the heat of the exhaust gas after combustion
- a method of using exhaust gas the step of supplying hot gas containing oxygen discharged from heat utilization equipment other than the combustion furnace as combustion air to the combustion furnace, and the exhaust gas to the drying treatment equipment
- the hot gas has an oxygen concentration of 15% by volume or more and a temperature of 250 ° C. or more.
- the exhaust gas after the desulfurization is supplied to a drying treatment facility, and the heat of the exhaust gas can be used as a drying heat source for the coal.
- the exhaust gas after the desulfurization is supplied to dust collecting means to remove ash contained in the exhaust gas, and the heat of the exhaust gas from which the ash has been removed can be used as a drying heat source for the coal.
- the method may further comprise a step of removing the ash from the cooled exhaust gas by dust collecting means, and the mixed gas may be generated by mixing the exhaust gas from which the ash has been removed and the hot gas. .
- the exhaust gas preferably has an oxygen concentration of 10% by volume or less.
- the hot gas is preferably a hot gas discharged from a clinker cooler of a cement manufacturing facility.
- It may be configured to further include a step of supplying a desulfurizing agent into the combustion furnace and desulfurizing exhaust gas in the combustion furnace.
- the combustion furnace may have a nose portion that narrows the space of the combustion furnace above the combustion furnace, and the desulfurizing agent may be supplied in the vicinity of the nose portion.
- An exhaust gas utilization apparatus is an exhaust gas utilization apparatus comprising drying means for drying coal, combustion means for burning the dried coal, and desulfurization agent supply means for supplying a desulfurization agent to the combustion means.
- An exhaust gas supply path that connects the drying means and the combustion means, the exhaust gas supply path supplies desulfurized exhaust gas to the drying means, and the drying means uses heat of the exhaust gas.
- the coal is dried.
- 1 is a functional block diagram of a fuel processing system according to an overall embodiment of the present invention.
- 1 is a block diagram showing an overall outline of a fuel processing system according to a first embodiment of the present invention. It is a block diagram which shows the whole fuel processing system outline
- FIG. 9 It is a block diagram which shows the whole flow of the utilization method of the waste gas which concerns on the 9th Embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the detailed structure of FIG. It is a block diagram which shows the whole flow of the utilization method of the waste gas which concerns on the 10th Embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the detailed structure of FIG. It is a block diagram which shows the whole flow of the utilization method of the waste gas which concerns on the 11th Embodiment of this invention. It is a block diagram which shows the whole flow of the utilization method of the waste gas which concerns on the 12th Embodiment of this invention. It is a block diagram which shows the whole flow of the utilization method of the waste gas which concerns on the 13th Embodiment of this invention.
- FIG. It is a figure which shows the detailed structure of FIG. It is a block diagram which shows the whole flow of the utilization method of the waste gas which concerns on the 14th Embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the detailed structure of FIG. It is a block diagram which shows the whole flow of the utilization method of the waste gas which concerns on 15th Embodiment of this invention. It is a block diagram which shows the whole flow of the utilization method of the waste gas which concerns on the 16th Embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the detailed structure of FIG. It is a horizontal sectional view of the blowing position of the desulfurization agent 0.8M above and 0.4L below in the combustion furnace of the Example of this invention.
- FIG. 1 is a functional block diagram of a fuel processing system according to an overall embodiment of the present invention.
- the fuel processing system 1 includes a database (DB) 2, a control unit 3, adjustment means 4, and a drying processing facility 300. That is, the processing system 1 controls the temperature of the hot gas supplied from a hot gas supply facility (not shown) using the adjusting unit 4. Control of the adjusting means 4 is performed by the control unit 3.
- DB database
- control unit 3 control unit 3
- adjustment means 4 controls the temperature of the hot gas supplied from a hot gas supply facility (not shown) using the adjusting unit 4. Control of the adjusting means 4 is performed by the control unit 3.
- the control unit 3 can be configured by a known computer. Specifically, the control part 3 controls the adjustment means 4 based on the information from DB2, and adjusts the temperature of the hot gas supplied from the hot gas supply equipment which is not shown in figure.
- the hot gas after the temperature adjustment is used for the fuel drying process in the drying processing facility 300.
- Specific examples of the hot gas supply facility and the hot gas include a hot air generating furnace, a heating furnace exhaust gas, a boiler exhaust gas, and a clinker cooler exhaust gas. Among these, from the viewpoint of efficient use of thermal energy, boiler exhaust gas and clinker cooler exhaust gas are preferably used.
- the fuel dried in the drying treatment facility 300 is, for example, a fuel (coal) that contains moisture and requires a drying treatment before combustion in order to increase combustion efficiency during combustion.
- a fuel coal
- it is a so-called low-grade fuel such as high-moisture coal containing a lot of moisture or high-moisture biomass.
- the moisture content of the high moisture coal is, for example, 20 to 60% by mass of the total moisture per unit mass.
- the high moisture biomass include woody biomass such as wood chips, rice husks, forest land residue, and palm kernel shells, and waste biomass such as sludge, residue, and livestock manure.
- the moisture content of the high moisture biomass is, for example, 20 to 70% by mass of the total moisture.
- the DB 2 stores information on the moisture content of the low-grade fuel and the ignition point temperature IT (° C.) for each type of these low-grade fuels. Information other than the moisture content and the ignition point temperature IT may be stored in the DB 2 as necessary.
- the information on the moisture content may include, for example, information on the total moisture TM (mass%) and the equilibrium moisture EM (mass%) of the low-grade fuel.
- the total moisture TM is, for example, moisture contained before the coal is dried when the fuel is coal.
- the equilibrium moisture EM is moisture that is in an equilibrium state in a certain atmosphere of coal, and this depends on the temperature and humidity in the atmosphere.
- the drying treatment facility 300 is dried so that the low-grade fuel has a predetermined moisture content.
- the moisture DM (mass%) of the low-grade fuel after the drying process (hereinafter referred to as the moisture DM after the drying process) does not fall below the equilibrium moisture EM in the atmosphere and is as low as possible. It only has to be dried.
- the drying processing facility 300 it is necessary to perform the drying process so that the temperature GT of the hot gas used is slightly lower than the ignition point temperature IT of the fuel to be dried.
- the drying process at a temperature higher than the ignition point temperature IT may lead to the ignition of fuel in the drying processing facility 300.
- the control part 3 controls the adjustment means 4 by performing operation shown below (refer FIG. 7 mentioned later).
- (1) The type of fuel to be dried using the drying processing facility 300 is specified.
- (2) The moisture content and ignition point temperature IT of the fuel specified in (1) above are acquired from a database (DB) 2 that stores information on the moisture content and ignition point temperature IT.
- (3) The temperature of the hot gas used in the drying treatment facility 300 is determined from the ignition point temperature IT acquired in (2) above.
- (4) Determine the moisture content of the dried fuel.
- the amount of heat necessary for the drying processing equipment 300 is determined from the moisture content of the fuel before drying in (2) and the moisture content of the fuel after drying in (4).
- (6) The amount of hot gas supplied to the drying treatment facility 300 is determined from the necessary heat amount in (5) and the temperature of the hot gas in (3).
- the control unit 3 and the adjusting unit 4 will be described in more detail.
- the control unit 3 specifies the type of fuel to be combusted in the drying processing facility 300 based on input information input by the user via input means (not shown) or information automatically recognized by the drying processing facility 300. .
- information on the moisture content of the specified fuel and the ignition point temperature IT is acquired from the DB 2.
- information on the mass WC (t / h) of the fuel to be dried per unit time is specified based on input information input by the operator or information automatically recognized by the drying processing facility 300. Based on the mass WC, the amount of heat QD (MJ / h) required per unit time and the flow rate VD (m 3 / h) of hot gas required per unit time in the drying processing equipment 300 are calculated. calculate. Based on this, the control unit 3 controls the adjusting means 4.
- the adjusting means 4 can be constituted by a heat exchanger, for example.
- the adjusting means 4 is configured to supply the difference (QT ⁇ QD) between the heat quantity QT of the hot gas supplied from a hot gas supply facility (not shown) and the above-mentioned heat quantity QD to another device. Is also possible.
- the temperature of the hot gas introduced by the drying processing facility 300 can be determined based on the retained data in the DB 2 storing information on the properties of the fuel used. Thereby, in the adjustment means 4, the temperature of the hot gas can be dried to an appropriate amount of water corresponding to the equilibrium water content EM, which is lower than the ignition point temperature IT of the fuel.
- FIG. 7 is a flowchart relating to the control of the fuel processing system according to the overall embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 7 shows a preferred embodiment described later. That is, it is a form which uses the excess hot gas (equivalent to QP of FIG. 7) after acquiring required hot gas in the drying processing equipment 300 for the preheating (heating) of boiler feed water. Thereby, thermal energy can be utilized much more efficiently. In addition, the efficiency of the boiler is improved.
- processing system 1 configured as described above, it is possible to efficiently use the thermal energy of the hot gas from the hot gas supply facility and to actively use the low-grade fuel. Next, a specific example of such a processing system 1 will be described.
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing an overall outline of the fuel processing system according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- the processing system 1 includes a coal-fired power plant 100, a cement manufacturing facility 200 that is a hot gas supply facility, and a coal drying processing facility 300.
- the coal-fired power plant 100 is a facility that generates power by burning coal and can be configured in the same manner as a known coal-fired power plant. That is, in this coal-fired power plant 100, first, the supplied coal is pulverized to a predetermined size by a pulverizer 101 using a vertical pulverizer or the like. And it burns with the temperature of about 1600 degreeC in the boiler 102, for example. Coal can be used in combination with one or more kinds of different properties.
- the steam turbine is driven by the thermal energy generated in the boiler 102, the generator 103 generates power, and the power is supplied.
- the feed water heater 104 heats the feed water to the fuel combustion boiler using steam from the steam turbine to improve the thermal efficiency of the generator 103.
- the exhaust gas generated in the boiler 102 can remove nitrogen oxides by the denitration device 105.
- the temperature of the exhaust gas after denitration can be further lowered by the heat recovery device 106.
- the heat recovered by the heat recovery device 106 can be used, for example, to raise the temperature of the combustion air that is pumped to the boiler 102.
- the exhaust gas that has passed through the heat recovery device 106 is supplied to the electric dust collector 107.
- the electric dust collector 107 collects dust floating in the exhaust gas.
- the exhaust gas that has passed through the electric dust collector 107 is discharged into the atmosphere as exhaust gas after the sulfur oxide is removed by the desulfurization device 108.
- power generation is performed at the coal-fired power plant 100 of the processing system 1 according to the first embodiment.
- the coal is dried by the coal drying processing facility 300 before the coal is supplied to the pulverization apparatus 101.
- Specific examples of the coal to be dried here include so-called low-grade coal such as subbituminous coal and lignite. As described above, these coals are dried in the coal drying processing equipment 300 so as to have moisture DM after the drying process.
- the post-drying moisture DM is as low as possible, as described above, not lower than the equilibrium moisture EM of the coal.
- the equilibrium moisture EM here is the moisture that is in an equilibrium state in the atmosphere to which the coal is exposed (drying treatment facility outlet, storage silo, air, etc.), and this depends on the temperature and humidity in the atmosphere. It is.
- the heat generation amount can be increased as the coal moisture is removed, the moisture of the coal after the drying treatment is desirably as low as possible.
- the moisture of the coal discharged from the coal drying treatment facility 300 is lower than the equilibrium moisture EM in the atmosphere, the moisture in the atmosphere is absorbed.
- the moisture that does not fall below the equilibrium moisture EM is equal to or higher than the equilibrium moisture EM of coal and 1.3 times or less of the equilibrium moisture, and preferably equal to or higher than the equilibrium moisture EM and equal to or less than 1.2 times the equilibrium moisture.
- the moisture DM after the drying treatment is avoided to be less than 15% by mass, and the lowest possible moisture, for example, It is 15 to 19.5 mass%, preferably 15 to 18 mass%.
- the total moisture TM is, for example, the moisture contained before the coal is dried when the fuel is coal, and is the moisture contained in the collected coal sample.
- JIS M8820 Coal and cokes-measured in accordance with the total water content measurement method for lots).
- the equilibrium moisture EM is measured according to JIS A1475 (equilibrium moisture content measuring method for building materials), for example, using the dried coal as a sample. By performing this measurement, an equilibrium moisture content curve of the coal after the drying treatment can be obtained.
- the equilibrium moisture content of the dried coal is obtained from the equilibrium moisture content curve obtained here and the information on the temperature and relative humidity in each of the above atmospheres to which the dried coal is exposed. Then, since the obtained equilibrium moisture content is the water mass percentage based on the total mass after drying, it is converted to the water mass percentage based on the total mass before drying by the following formula (1), so that the equilibrium moisture content of the coal after the drying treatment is obtained. Can be requested.
- the waste heat energy in the cement manufacturing facility 200 is used for the coal drying processing facility 300, thereby efficiently using the heat energy. That is, the cement manufacturing facility 200 can be configured in the same manner as a known cement manufacturing facility.
- the cement manufacturing facility 200 pulverizes raw materials such as limestone, clay, silica and iron raw materials with a pulverizer 201, and supplies the raw materials such as limestone, clay, silica and iron raw materials to the firing device 202.
- the coal is fired at a temperature of about 1450 ° C., for example, as fuel. Thereby, a cement clinker is obtained. Thereafter, the cement clinker fired in the clinker cooler 203 is cooled, and then the cement clinker is mixed and pulverized with gypsum and other mixed materials in a mixing and pulverizing machine 204 to be finished as powdered cement.
- Exhaust gas having a heat of about 300 ° C. is discharged from the clinker cooler 203. However, at present, the exhaust heat of the exhaust gas is exhausted without being used as it is.
- the present processing system 1 is configured to utilize the unused exhaust heat of the exhaust gas as a hot gas used for the drying process in the coal drying processing facility 300 without almost remodeling existing facilities.
- the hot gas discharged from the clinker cooler 203 of the cement manufacturing facility 200 is introduced into the heat exchanger 4A as the adjusting means 4 and heat exchange is performed under the control of the control unit 3. And after adjusting to predetermined temperature GT as mentioned above, it is made to supply to the drying process equipment 300 of coal.
- the control unit 3 acquires information on the moisture content (total moisture TM, equilibrium moisture EM) and ignition point temperature IT for each type of coal to be dried from DB2, and based on these information, the temperature GT of the hot gas, And after the drying treatment, the moisture DM is determined.
- the control unit 3 further determines the amount of heat QD required per unit time in the coal drying processing facility 300 based on the mass WC (t / h) of coal supplied per unit time to the coal drying processing facility 300. (MJ / h) and the flow rate VD (m 3 / h) of the hot gas required per unit time are calculated. Then, the control unit 3 controls the heat exchanger 4A so that the calculated heat quantity QD and flow rate VD are supplied.
- the ignition point temperature IT is a temperature at which coal is ignited, and is measured according to, for example, JIS K7193 (plastic-high temperature air furnace ignition temperature test method).
- the temperature slightly below the ignition point temperature IT is, for example, a temperature that is about 80 to 30 ° C., preferably about 50 to 30 ° C. below the ignition point temperature IT.
- the hot gas temperature GT is set to about 150 to 200 ° C., preferably about 180 to 200 ° C.
- the hot gas having the temperature GT and the flow rate VD that can efficiently dry the coal without any risk of ignition of the coal in the coal drying processing facility 300 is supplied from the heat exchanger 4A to the coal drying processing facility 300. Will be supplied.
- the heat energy is efficiently used. Use and low-grade fuel can be actively used.
- FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing an overall outline of a fuel processing system according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- the same reference numerals are assigned to portions that overlap the already described portions, and description thereof is omitted.
- the processing system 1 according to the second embodiment adjusts the feed water heater 104 of the coal-fired power plant 100 in place of the heat exchanger 4A of the processing system 1 according to the first embodiment.
- adopted as a means 4 is different.
- the hot gas discharged from the clinker cooler 203 of the cement manufacturing facility 200 is introduced into the feed water heater 104 as the adjusting means 4. Then, as described above, the feed water heater 104 is controlled by the control of the control unit 3, adjusted to the temperature GT and the flow rate VD of the hot gas, and then supplied to the coal drying processing facility 300. Even with such a configuration, as in the first embodiment, efficient use of thermal energy and active use of low-grade fuel can be achieved.
- FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing an overall outline of a fuel processing system according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
- the processing system 1 according to the third embodiment is the same in that the feed water heater 104 of the processing system 1 according to the second embodiment is adopted as the adjusting means 4.
- the difference is that the adjusting means 4 further includes a distributing means 111 and a mixing means 112.
- the hot gas from the clinker cooler 203 of the cement manufacturing facility 200 is distributed by a distribution means 111 including a branch valve and a flow path switching valve.
- a distribution means 111 including a branch valve and a flow path switching valve.
- One is supplied to the feed water heater 104 and the other is distributed to a bypass path (not shown) provided in parallel with the feed water heater 104.
- the mixing means 112 such as a mixing valve and supplied to the coal drying processing facility 300.
- the distribution unit 111 and the mixing unit 112 include those in which a control valve is installed in a branch pipe, for example, a T-shaped or Y-shaped pipe.
- control unit 3 controls the distribution of the flow rate to the bypass and the feed water heater 104 so that the mixed hot gas has a safe temperature. Thereafter, the mixing means 112 is controlled to mix the high temperature gas and the low temperature gas, and the hot gas supplied to the coal drying processing facility 300 is controlled to a predetermined temperature GT and flow rate VD.
- heat can be used in both the coal drying treatment facility 300 and the feed water heater 104, and as in the second embodiment, efficient use of thermal energy and active use of low-grade fuel are possible. Can be used.
- FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing an overall outline of a fuel processing system according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention.
- the processing system 1 according to the fourth embodiment is the same in that a heat exchanger 4 ⁇ / b> A is used as the adjusting means 4 as in the processing system according to the first embodiment.
- the difference is that the distribution means 111 is further provided.
- hot gas from the clinker cooler 203 of the cement manufacturing facility 200 is introduced into the heat exchanger 4A, and heat is exchanged under the control of the control unit 3 to obtain a predetermined temperature GT.
- the distribution means 111 is controlled based on the required flow rate VD to the coal drying processing equipment 300 and the feed water heater 104.
- the temperature-controlled hot gas is distributed and supplied to the coal drying processing equipment 300 and the feed water heater 104, respectively.
- the coal drying process equipment 300 may be provided with the paddle stirring type dryer which dries, stirring the fuel on a gas dispersion plate with a paddle.
- the paddle agitation dryer is divided into an upper drying chamber and a lower air chamber, for example, by a gas dispersion plate.
- a large number of slit-like openings are provided in parallel on the gas dispersion plate, and a paddle shaft that is horizontally installed in the drying chamber is provided at a rotatable and variable speed.
- the paddle shaft is provided with a plurality of paddles for fuel agitation in the axial direction of the paddle shaft.
- the paddles are attached in a state in which the attachment angles of the paddles adjacent to each other in the axial direction of the paddle are shifted in phase from each other.
- the paddle itself is attached to the paddle shaft in such a manner that the tilt angle can be adjusted with respect to the axis of the paddle shaft so as to apply an axial stirring force to the fuel.
- a fuel supply port and a discharge port are provided on one end side and the other end side of the paddle shaft of the drying chamber, respectively. And it is set as the structure which introduce
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a structure of a combustion furnace of a thermal power generation facility in a fuel processing system according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.
- a desulfurizing agent blowing means for injecting the desulfurizing agent is provided in the combustion furnace 20 for burning the fuel.
- the desulfurizing agent can be supplied directly into the furnace of the combustion furnace 20 alone. Further, the desulfurizing agent can be mixed with pulverized coal in advance and supplied into the furnace of the combustion furnace 20.
- the desulfurization agent inlet in the combustion furnace 20 is provided at a position where SO 3 can be captured more suitably and efficiently. The preferable form of the desulfurization agent inlet will be described below.
- the desulfurizing agent is injected into the combustion furnace 20 through a desulfurizing agent supply pipe (not shown) connected to the desulfurizing agent blowing port 14 provided in the wall portion 20 a of the combustion furnace 20.
- the desulfurizing agent blowing port 14 is preferably provided above the furnace of the combustion furnace 20. Further, the desulfurizing agent blowing port 14 is formed so that the desulfurizing agent 15 can be blown into a position in the vicinity of a nose portion 21 (also referred to as an upper nose portion 21) formed in the upper portion of the combustion furnace 20. It is particularly preferred. Thereby, desulfurization (removal of SO 3 ) in the combustion furnace can be performed efficiently.
- the supply position of the desulfurizing agent 15 is not limited to this. For example, the desulfurizing agent 15 may be appropriately blown into the combustion furnace 20 even if the nose portion 21 is not formed.
- the nose refers to a protrusion provided in the furnace, and has a function of ensuring combustion gas residence time by bypassing the combustion gas to prevent the combustion gas from flowing through the superheater 20b through a short path.
- the direction of the flow of the combustion gas in the combustion furnace is changed in direction at the nose portion 21 so that the combustion gas is vigorously mixed. Further, the vicinity position of the nose portion 21 is a portion indicated by H (L + M) in FIG.
- the desulfurization agent 15 is supplied to the space.
- the number of desulfurizing agent blowing ports 14 is 1 or 2 or more. Among these, considering that the desulfurizing agent 15 is appropriately dispersed in the combustion furnace 20, it is preferably 2 or more, particularly 4 to 6.
- cement factory dust whose main component is calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ) is used.
- Cement factory dust is recovered from, for example, exhaust gas in the process of producing a cement raw material, and the particle size is dust having an average particle size of about 2 ⁇ m on a mass basis, and can be obtained at a very low cost and in large quantities. Is.
- the injected desulfurizing agent 15 captures SO 3 generated by the combustion of fuel more suitably and efficiently.
- the cement factory dust include dust recovered from the pulverizer 201 of the cement manufacturing facility 200 and dust recovered from the exhaust gas from the baking apparatus 202.
- CaCO 3 ⁇ CaO is obtained by the decarbonation reaction, and this CaO reacts with SO 2 by the desulfurization reaction to cause CaO + SO 2 + 0.5O 2 ⁇ CaSO 4 ( Calcium sulfate). Moreover, CaO after the decarboxylation reaction captures SO 3 . It has been confirmed by the present inventor that such a desulfurization reaction is most activated by injecting the desulfurization agent 15 into the vicinity of the upper nose portion 21 of the combustion furnace 20.
- the molar ratio (Ca / S) of calcium (Ca) of the desulfurizing agent to the sulfur content (S) in the fuel is preferably 0.5 to 3, and preferably 1 to 2.5.
- the molar ratio is larger than 3, the amount of dust increases. That is, according to the test conducted by the present inventor, when the desulfurizing agent 15 is injected into a position below the upper nose portion 21 of the combustion furnace 20, the furnace temperature is high, so CaO is rarely reformed of coal ash. It has been found that it is used for (cement mineralization reaction) and the reverse reaction of desulfurization occurs.
- the desulfurizing agent 15 when the desulfurizing agent 15 is injected into a position above the upper nose portion 21 of the combustion furnace 20, the temperature inside the furnace is low, so that the decarboxylation reaction becomes insufficient, and the SO 3 is rarely captured sufficiently. It turned out to be.
- a suitable furnace temperature of the combustion furnace 20 when injecting the desulfurizing agent 15 is, for example, in the range of 1050 ° C. to 1150 ° C. If SO 2 and SO 3 are effectively removed in the combustion furnace 20 with such a configuration, the exhaust gas from the coal-fired power plant 100 can be effectively treated.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a structure of a combustion furnace of a thermal power generation facility in a fuel processing system according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 9 is a block diagram showing an overall outline of a fuel processing system according to the sixth embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIGS. 8 and 9, the fuel processing system 1 according to this embodiment is applied to a coal-fired power plant 100.
- the coal-fired power plant 100 includes a pulverization apparatus 101 that crushes coal as fuel, a boiler 102 that burns coal and evaporates water W4 supplied from the outside to form water vapor, and a steam turbine (not shown).
- a water heater 104 for heating water W3 supplied to the generator 103 and the boiler 102 is provided.
- the boiler 102 includes, for example, a supply port for supplying fuel, a desulfurizing agent, and an oxygen-containing gas, and an exhaust port for discharging exhaust gas after the fuel is burned with the oxygen-containing gas.
- the fuel is carbonaceous and is burned with oxygen.
- the oxygen-containing gas is a gas containing oxygen. Specific examples include air and oxygen.
- Three supply ports for supplying the fuel, the desulfurizing agent, and the oxygen-containing gas may be provided separately for each of the three supply ports. Further, a part of the oxygen-containing gas and the fuel may be used as the same supply port of the boiler 102.
- the treatment system 1 includes a desulfurization agent supply device 10 that supplies a desulfurization agent into the combustion furnace of the boiler 102, a denitration device 105, a heat recovery device 106, an indirect heat exchange mechanism 110, and an electric dust collector 107. Since the denitration apparatus 105 has an arbitrary configuration, the processing system 1 may be configured without this. Further, instead of the electric dust collector 107, a dust collecting device such as a bag filter may be adopted.
- the desulfurization agent supply device 10 includes a storage tank 11 that stores a desulfurization agent 15 that has been conveyed by, for example, a truck 90, and a desulfurization stored in the storage tank 11.
- a quantitative discharge mechanism 12 and a blower 13 that appropriately supply the agent 15 to the combustion furnace 20 are provided.
- the desulfurization agent 15 conveyed from the storage tank 11 by the fixed discharge mechanism 12 and the blower 13 is injected and supplied into the combustion furnace 20 through a desulfurization agent supply pipe (not shown), for example.
- a suitable furnace temperature of the combustion furnace 20 when the desulfurizing agent 15 described above is injected in the vicinity of the upper nose portion 21 is in the range of about 1050 ° C. to 1150 ° C.
- the exhaust gas from which SO 2 and SO 3 have been removed in the combustion furnace 20 in this way is discharged from the combustion furnace 20 through the flue 22 and denitrated, for example, through the above-described denitration apparatus 105.
- the temperature is lowered (the temperature is lowered) through the heat recovery device 106 and then supplied to the gas-water heat exchanger 121 which is the first heat exchange means of the indirect heat exchange mechanism 110.
- the heat of the exhaust gas is heat-exchanged by the circulating heat medium W1 that circulates and passes through the pipe line 51 continuing from the circulation path 50, and the heat of the circulating heat medium W1 is further converted into second heat exchange means. Is given to the water W2 in the heat exchanger 122.
- the recovered heat energy is used for preheating water W2 in the heat exchanger 122 through the circulation path 50, using the circulating heat medium W1 of about 75 ° C. heated by the heat exchange in the gas-water heat exchanger 121.
- the energy efficiency of the boiler 102 can be improved.
- the thermal efficiency is improved by 2 to 3%.
- the amount of crude oil reduced will be 1970 Kl / year, and the amount of CO2 reduced will be 6800 t / h.
- the exhaust gas comes into contact with the surface of the pipe 51 of the gas-water heat exchanger 121. If the temperature of the surface is lower than the dew point temperature of the exhaust gas, condensation occurs.
- the temperature of the circulating heat medium W1 returning to the gas-water heat exchanger 121 is higher (eg, 55 ° C.) than the dew point temperature (eg, 48 ° C.) of the exhaust gas.
- a bypass line (not shown) for adjusting the amount of the heat medium passing through the heat exchanger 122 is provided.
- the bypass amount is preferably adjusted in the range of 0 to 80% of the circulating heat medium amount. Moreover, this bypass amount changes with the temperature of the water W2 supplied from the outside. For example, when the water W2 is supplied at 48 ° C., the bypass ratio of the circulating heat medium W1 is 0% (pass through the entire heat exchanger 122), and when the water W2 is 25 ° C., the circulating heat medium W1 The bypass ratio is about 60%.
- each device such as the gas-water heat exchanger 121 with an expensive corrosion-resistant material.
- the material of the portion that contacts the exhaust gas such as the pipe 51 is made of inexpensive carbon steel (carbon steel). ) It can be used as a material. Further, the gas flow passage is prevented from being blocked, and the boiler can be stably operated. It has been found that lowering the temperature of the exhaust gas from the combustion furnace 20 by the indirect heat exchange mechanism 110 in this way greatly affects the maintenance and improvement of the dust collection performance of the next stage electric dust collector 107.
- the dust collecting performance of the electrostatic precipitator 107 is determined by (A) an exhaust gas temperature, (B) the rate of exhaust gas (flow rate), (C) the elements of the concentration of SO 3, SO 3 of (C) It is said that the higher the concentration of, the better the dust collection performance.
- SO 3 is removed by the desulfurizing agent 15 injected in the vicinity of the upper nose portion 21 in the combustion furnace 20. For this reason, when exhaust gas having a low SO 3 concentration is supplied to the electrostatic precipitator 107, it may not be possible to obtain a desired dust collection effect.
- the heat recovery device 106 and the indirect heat exchange mechanism 110 are provided between the combustion furnace 20 and the electrostatic precipitator 107, and the temperature of the exhaust gas discharged from the combustion furnace 20 is lowered, so that the volume of the exhaust gas is reduced and the exhaust gas is reduced.
- the flow rate decreases.
- the concentration of SO 3 in the exhaust gas does not affect the dust collection performance of the electric dust collector 107, and the dust collection performance can be maintained and improved.
- the exhaust gas discharged from the electric dust collector 107 is conveyed by the blower 48 and discharged into the atmosphere through the chimney 49.
- the coal used in the coal-fired power plant 100 is preferably subjected to a drying process in, for example, a coal drying processing facility 300.
- the coal-fired power plant 100 is provided with a cement production facility 200.
- the cement manufacturing facility 200 discharges hot gas from a clinker cooler 203 described later. This hot gas is used to heat water W ⁇ b> 3 supplied to the boiler 102 in the feed water heater 104. Thereby, it is the structure which can aim at the effective utilization of the thermal energy of exhaust gas comprehensively.
- the hot gas may be exhausted from, for example, a hot air generation furnace, or may be heating furnace exhaust gas, boiler exhaust gas, or the like.
- boiler exhaust gas and clinker cooler exhaust gas are preferably used.
- the coal and the low-grade fuel may not require a drying process depending on the amount of water contained therein. In such a case, the coal drying process facility 300 may be omitted.
- the dried coal supplied from the coal drying processing facility 300 is pulverized to a predetermined size by the pulverizer 101, and the pulverized coal is combusted in the combustion furnace 20 (see FIG. 8).
- the water W4 supplied from the feed water heater 104 is evaporated by heat energy to produce water vapor, and the generator 103 generates power and supplies power.
- the feed water heater 104 can also be configured to receive feedback of surplus steam from the generator 103 and heat the water W3 supplied to the boiler 102 using this steam. Thereby, the thermal efficiency in the generator 103 can be improved.
- the feed water heater 104 can be further configured to heat the water W3 using hot gas from the cement manufacturing facility 200.
- the sulfur oxide (SOx) is removed from the exhaust gas generated in the boiler 102 by supplying the desulfurizing agent from the desulfurizing agent supply device 10 into the combustion furnace 20. Further, for example, nitrogen oxide (NOx) is removed by the denitration apparatus 105. The temperature of the exhaust gas after desulfurization and denitration is further lowered by the heat recovery device 106.
- the heat recovered by the heat recovery device 106 can be used, for example, to raise the temperature of the combustion air that is pumped to the boiler 102. Further, the heat recovered by the heat recovery device 106 can be used to raise the temperature of the drying air for drying the coal in the crushing device 101.
- the exhaust gas that has passed through the heat recovery device 106 is supplied to the gas-water heat exchanger 121 of the indirect heat exchange mechanism 110.
- the heat medium referred to in the present invention refers to a medium for transferring heat to another.
- the circulating heat medium W1 water, silicon oil, mineral oil, or the like can be used. Among these, water is preferable in consideration of heat transfer.
- the indirect heat exchange mechanism 110 includes a gas-water heat exchanger 121 and a heat exchanger 122, which are connected via a circulation path 50.
- the circulating heat medium W 1 circulating through the circulation path 50 is warmed by the gas-water heat exchanger 121 and introduced into the heat exchanger 122.
- the heat exchanger 122 brings water (preferably pure water) W2 supplied from the outside to be supplied to the boiler 102 into contact with the circulation path 50, thereby giving the heat energy of the circulating heat medium W1 to the water W2.
- the heated water W3 is supplied to the feed water heater 104.
- the amount of the heat medium passing through the heat exchanger 122 is set so that the temperature of the circulating heat medium W1 returning to the gas-water heat exchanger 121 is higher (eg, 55 ° C.) than the dew point temperature (eg, 48 ° C.) of the exhaust gas.
- a bypass line (not shown) for adjustment is provided.
- the bypass amount is preferably adjusted in the range of 0 to 80% of the circulating heat medium amount. Moreover, this bypass amount changes with the temperature of the water W2 supplied from the outside.
- the bypass ratio of the circulating heat medium W1 is 0% (pass through the entire heat exchanger 122), and when the water W2 is 25 ° C., the circulating heat medium W1
- the bypass ratio is about 60%.
- the exhaust gas that has passed through the gas-water heat exchanger 121 is supplied to the electric dust collector 107.
- the exhaust gas that has passed through the electrostatic precipitator 107 is discharged into the atmosphere as exhaust gas. Through such a process, the coal-fired power plant 100 generates power.
- the heat energy of the hot gas supplied from the cement production facility 200 provided at the time of heating the water W3 in the feed water heater 104 is used. Therefore, efficient use of heat energy can be achieved.
- the cement manufacturing facility 200 can be configured in the same manner as the known cement manufacturing facility 200. From the clinker cooler 203, for example, a hot gas having a heat of about 300 ° C. is discharged. However, the heat energy of this hot gas is discharged without being used almost as it is.
- the processing system 1 according to the sixth embodiment is configured such that this hot gas can be used for feed water heating processing in the coal-fired power plant 100 without almost modifying existing facilities.
- the hot gas discharged from the clinker cooler 203 of the cement manufacturing facility 200 is introduced into the feed water heater 104 to perform heat exchange. Then, the water W3 heated by the heat exchanger 122 of the indirect heat exchange mechanism 110 is further heated and supplied to the boiler 102 as water W4. Therefore, according to the processing system 1, efficient use of thermal energy can be achieved.
- emitted from the feed water heater 104 may be further used for the drying process in the drying process equipment 300 of coal, for example.
- FIG. 10 is a block diagram showing the overall flow of the exhaust gas utilization method according to the seventh embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram showing a detailed configuration of FIG.
- the exhaust gas utilization method according to the seventh embodiment mainly includes a drying treatment facility 300 as a drying means for drying treatment of coal as a low-grade fuel, and the drying treatment facility 300. It is applied to the coal-fired power plant 100 that burns and uses the dried coal supplied from the plant.
- the coal-fired power plant 100 includes a pulverizer 101, a boiler 102, a generator 103, and a feed water heater 104 that heats pure water supplied to the boiler 102.
- the coal-fired power plant 100 includes a desulfurization agent supply device 10, a distribution unit 111 that distributes exhaust gas from the combustion furnace 20, a denitration device 105, an exhaust gas temperature reduction unit 30, an electrostatic precipitator 107, and a mixing facility 113.
- the coal as the fuel to be dried by the drying processing facility 300 is, for example, coal containing moisture and a sulfur component and requiring a drying process before combustion.
- the exhaust gas generated in the combustion furnace 20 of the boiler 102 is supplied with the desulfurization agent 15 from the desulfurization agent supply device 10 into the combustion furnace 20, so that SO 3 in the combustion gas is removed in the combustion furnace 20.
- the inside (desulfurized in the furnace) for example, it is discharged at a temperature of about 300 to 400 ° C.
- FIG. 10 shows a form in which the exhaust gas after desulfurization is supplied to the drying treatment facility 300 through an exhaust gas supply path that connects a combustion furnace as a combustion means and a drying treatment facility as a drying means.
- the heat of the exhaust gas is used as a drying heat source for the coal.
- the exhaust gas supply path supplies the desulfurized exhaust gas to the drying treatment facility 300.
- the drying treatment facility 300 dries the coal using the heat of the exhaust gas. Thereby, it is the structure which can aim at the effective utilization of the thermal energy of waste gas.
- the discharged exhaust gas is used for drying coal in the drying treatment facility 300 after being cooled as necessary. Further, the discharged exhaust gas is introduced and distributed to a distribution unit 111 having, for example, a distribution pipe and a control valve, and a part thereof can be used for drying coal in the drying processing facility 300.
- a distribution unit 111 having, for example, a distribution pipe and a control valve, and a part thereof can be used for drying coal in the drying processing facility 300.
- the other exhaust gas distributed by the distribution unit 111 is introduced into, for example, a subsequent denitration apparatus 105 to remove nitrogen oxides (NOx).
- the exhaust gas after such desulfurization and denitration is further introduced into the exhaust gas temperature reduction facility 30 disposed at the subsequent stage of the denitration device 105, and the temperature thereof is lowered.
- the heat recovered by the exhaust gas temperature reducing equipment 30 can be used, for example, to raise the temperature of combustion air (oxygen-containing gas) pumped to the boiler 102. Further, the heat recovered by the exhaust gas temperature reducing equipment 30 can be used, for example, to raise the temperature of drying air for drying the coal in the crushing apparatus 101.
- the exhaust gas whose temperature has been lowered after passing through the exhaust gas temperature reduction facility 30 is supplied to an electric dust collector 107 as dust collection means.
- the electric dust collector 107 collects dust (ash) floating in the exhaust gas.
- the dust (ash) is collected and removed, and the exhaust gas that has passed through the electrostatic precipitator 107 is discharged into the atmosphere as exhaust gas.
- the dust collected by the electric dust collector 107 is supplied to the mixing facility 113, for example.
- water-containing organic waste such as sludge, residue, livestock excrement, and the like separately conveyed and dust are mixed.
- dust contains a large amount of calcium oxide (CaO). Since the dust acts as a desiccant when the dust is mixed with the water-containing organic waste, the water-containing organic waste can be dried without using a separate desiccant or performing a drying treatment. Through such a process, the coal-fired power plant 100 generates power.
- CaO calcium oxide
- the exhaust gas from which SO 2 and SO 3 have been removed in the combustion furnace 20 passes through the flue 22 and is discharged from the combustion furnace 20. Part of the discharged exhaust gas is supplied to the drying treatment facility 300 via the distribution means 111 and the other is supplied to the exhaust gas temperature reduction facility 30.
- the exhaust gas temperature reducing equipment 30 is composed of, for example, a gas air heater (GAH) 31 and a gas-water heat exchanger 121 or a water spray device 33.
- GAH gas air heater
- a method for lowering the temperature of the exhaust gas there are three possible methods: (1) capacity (performance) improvement of the gas air heater, (2) indirect cooling, and (3) direct cooling.
- the heat of the exhaust gas is transferred to the combustion furnace 20 by the circulating heat medium (for example, water) of the gas-water heat exchanger 121 disposed on the downstream side of the gas air heater 31. Heat exchange is used for preheating of water supply.
- the circulating heat medium for example, water
- the desulfurization agent 15 injected into the combustion furnace 20 of the boiler 102 preferably the desulfurization agent 15 injected into the vicinity of the upper nose portion 21 in the combustion furnace 20.
- SO 3 in the exhaust gas is previously removed. For this reason, the acid dew point temperature can be significantly lowered.
- the temperature of the exhaust gas can be cooled to about 100 ° C. via the exhaust gas temperature reducing equipment 30.
- the energy efficiency can be remarkably improved by increasing the heat recovery amount.
- an inexpensive carbon steel material can be used as the material of the portion of the exhaust gas temperature reduction equipment 30 that contacts the exhaust gas of the gas-water heat exchanger 121.
- the desulfurizing agent 15 injected into the combustion furnace 20 of the boiler 102 preferably, the desulfurizing agent 15 injected near the upper nose portion 21. SO 3 is removed.
- the exhaust gas temperature reducing equipment 30 is provided between the combustion furnace 20 and the electric dust collector 40.
- the concentration of SO 3 in the exhaust gas affects the dust collection performance of the electric dust collector 107.
- the dust collection performance can be maintained and improved. Note that the dust collected from the exhaust gas by the electric dust collector 107 is used as a desiccant for the water-containing organic waste that is supplied to the mixing facility 113 and separately conveyed to the mixing facility 113.
- Coal is pre-dried in a drying treatment facility before being burned in a combustion furnace.
- exhaust gas is used as a heat source for drying.
- the temperature of the exhaust gas at this time is a temperature that can prevent coal from being ignited in the drying treatment facility 300 and is preferably set to a temperature as high as possible.
- so-called low-grade coal such as subbituminous coal, lignite, or lignite is dried so as to have predetermined moisture after the drying treatment.
- the exhaust gas from the combustion furnace 20 of the boiler 102 is used as drying air to the drying treatment facility 300 that performs the drying treatment of coal supplied to the coal-fired power plant 100. Since it can be configured to use thermal energy, the thermal energy is efficiently used. You may make it dry by introduce
- FIG. 1
- the exhaust heat of the coal-fired power plant 100 can be used effectively, and SO 3 in the exhaust gas is removed, so that the durability of the equipment is improved. And the sulfur (S) content in the system can be reduced. As a result, it is possible to efficiently use heat energy and establish a technology for actively using low-grade fuel.
- FIG. 12 is a block diagram showing the overall flow of the exhaust gas utilization method according to the eighth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram showing a detailed configuration of FIG.
- the exhaust gas utilization method according to the eighth embodiment is such that the exhaust gas after desulfurization used as the drying heat source in the drying treatment facility 300 is supplied to the exhaust gas temperature reducing facility 30 and the electric dust collector 107. It is different from that according to the seventh embodiment in that dust (ash) is removed after the temperature has been lowered and further distributed from the distribution means 111 installed in the subsequent stage. .
- the exhaust gas from the boiler 102 is cooled by the exhaust gas temperature reducing equipment 30, it is supplied to the electric dust collector 107 to remove dust in the exhaust gas. Then, a part of the exhaust gas from the electrostatic precipitator 107 is distributed by the distribution means 111 and supplied to the drying processing equipment 300. Other exhaust gases are discharged into the atmosphere.
- the exhaust gas from which the dust has been removed as a drying heat source for coal, it is preferable that no dust adheres to the drying treatment facility. Even in this case, as in the seventh embodiment, it is possible to efficiently use thermal energy, and to establish a technology for actively using low-grade fuel.
- FIG. 14 is a block diagram showing the overall flow of the exhaust gas utilization method according to the ninth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 15 is a diagram showing a detailed configuration of FIG.
- the exhaust gas utilization method according to the ninth embodiment mainly performs heat exchange between the exhaust gas after desulfurization and the heat medium, and heats the heat medium with the heat of the exhaust gas.
- the point utilized as a drying heat source of the drying processing equipment 300 is different from that according to the seventh embodiment.
- FIG. 14 shows a form in which heat exchange is performed between the exhaust gas after desulfurization and the heat medium, the heat medium heated by the exhaust gas is supplied to the drying treatment facility, and used as a drying heat source for coal.
- the desulfurized exhaust gas that has been reduced in temperature through the gas air heater 31 is introduced into the gas-water heat exchanger 121.
- a circulation path 50 is provided between the gas-water heat exchanger 121 and the drying treatment facility 300, and the circulation heat medium W1 circulates through the circulation path 50.
- heat exchange is performed with the exhaust gas desulfurized by the circulating heat medium W1 passing through the pipe 51 continuing from the circulation path 50.
- the circulating heat medium W1 is heated by the heat of the exhaust gas in the gas-water heat exchanger 121 and is supplied to the drying treatment facility 300 through the circulation path 50 while being heated to a predetermined temperature.
- the drying processing equipment 300 instead of the drying heat source (for example, air) or together with the drying air, the heat recovered from the exhaust gas of the circulating heat medium W1 is used as the drying heat source, and the coal drying process as described above is performed. Is executed.
- the coal-fired power plant 100 can be configured, for example, with a cement manufacturing facility 200.
- the exhaust gas utilization method according to the ninth embodiment is configured such that hot gas can be used for feed water heating processing in the coal-fired power plant 100 without almost modifying existing facilities.
- the exhaust gas discharged from the clinker cooler 203 of the cement manufacturing facility 200 is introduced into the feed water heater 104 to perform heat exchange, and the water introduced into the feed water heater 104 is heated to the boiler 102. I am trying to supply. Therefore, according to the ninth embodiment, efficient use of thermal energy can be achieved.
- emitted from the feed water heater 104 may be further used for the drying process in the drying processing equipment 300, for example. Even if the exhaust gas is used as in the ninth embodiment, the thermal energy can be used efficiently as in the seventh embodiment, and the active use technology of the low-grade fuel can be established. In the ninth embodiment, heat exchange is performed between the exhaust gas after desulfurization and the heat medium, and the exhaust gas after the heat exchange is released to the atmosphere via the electric dust collector 107. After supplying the exhaust gas after desulfurization to the dust collecting means and removing ash contained in the exhaust gas, heat exchange with the heat medium may be performed.
- FIG. 16 is a block diagram showing the overall flow of the exhaust gas utilization method according to the tenth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 17 is a diagram showing a detailed configuration of FIG.
- the exhaust gas utilization method according to the tenth embodiment mainly performs heat exchange between the exhaust gas after desulfurization and the heat medium, and a part of the heat medium is used.
- the point used for heating water to the boiler 102 is different from that according to the ninth embodiment.
- the desulfurized exhaust gas is cooled through the gas air heater 31 and then supplied to the indirect heat exchange mechanism 110 having the gas-water heat exchanger 121 and the heat exchanger 122.
- the gas-water heat exchanger 121 indirectly exchanges the heat of the exhaust gas by bringing the circulating heat medium W1 circulating and passing through the main circulation path 50A into contact with the exhaust gas, and drying treatment.
- Supply to facility 300 the circulating heat medium W1a, which is a part of the circulating heat medium W1
- the heat exchanger 122 via the auxiliary circulation path 50B, and the heat is given to the water W2.
- the heat exchanger 122 brings water (preferably pure water) W2 supplied from the outside to be supplied to the boiler 102 into contact with the sub-circulation path 50B, thereby giving the heat energy of the circulating heat medium W1a to the water W2. Water W2 is heated. The heated water W3 is supplied to the feed water heater 104.
- water preferably pure water
- the main circuit 50 ⁇ / b> A and the sub circuit 50 ⁇ / b> B are connected in a gas-water heat exchanger 121 so that they can be branched by a valve device (not shown). Accordingly, the circulating heat mediums W1 and W1a can be circulated through the main circulation path 50A and the auxiliary circulation path 50B, respectively, under predetermined control.
- the heat energy recovered by the indirect heat exchange mechanism 110 is, for example, a part of the circulating heat medium W1a of the circulating heat medium W1 having a temperature of about 75 ° C. heated by the heat exchange by the gas-water heat exchanger 121, It is used for preheating water W2 in the heat exchanger 122 through the auxiliary circulation path 50B. Thereby, the energy efficiency of the boiler 102 can be improved.
- the dew point temperature is a temperature at which moisture in the gas starts to condense.
- the drying process is performed so that the temperature of the circulating heat mediums W1 and W1a circulating in the main circulation path 50A and the auxiliary circulation path 50B does not decrease too much in the drying treatment facility 300 or the heat exchanger 122. Or heat exchange with the water W2.
- the water W3 heated by the heat exchanger 122 is introduced into the feed water heater 104, for example, and heated, and supplied to the boiler 102 as water W4. Even if the exhaust gas is used in this way, it is possible to efficiently use thermal energy as in the ninth embodiment, and to establish a technology for actively using low-grade fuel.
- heat exchange is performed between the exhaust gas after desulfurization and the heat medium, and the exhaust gas after the heat exchange is released to the atmosphere via the electric dust collector 107.
- heat exchange with the heat medium may be performed.
- FIG. 18 is a block diagram showing the overall flow of the exhaust gas utilization method according to the eleventh embodiment of the present invention.
- the exhaust gas utilization method according to the eleventh embodiment mainly includes a drying treatment facility 300 for drying coal as low-grade fuel and a post-drying treatment supplied from the drying treatment facility 300.
- the present invention is applied to a coal-fired power plant 100 that uses and burns coal.
- the coal-fired power plant 100 includes a denitration device 105, a heat recovery device 106, a mixing means 112, an electrostatic precipitator 107, and a desulfurization device 108.
- the coal-fired power plant 100 has a configuration in which a cement manufacturing facility 200 is provided.
- the hot gas is mixed with the exhaust gas from the boiler 102 in the mixing unit 112 and used to dry the coal in the drying processing facility 300.
- it is the structure which can aim at the effective utilization of the thermal energy of exhaust gas comprehensively.
- the exhaust gas generated in the boiler 102 is discharged at a temperature of, for example, about 500 ° C. to 1000 ° C., and then nitrogen oxide (NOx) is removed by the denitration device 105 at the subsequent stage.
- a heat recovery device 106 such as a gas air heater (GAH) as exhaust gas temperature reducing means, and the temperature is lowered.
- GAH gas air heater
- the exhaust gas after passing through the heat recovery device 106 is supplied to the mixing means 112.
- the exhaust gas at this time has a temperature of about 90 ° C. and an oxygen concentration of about 5% by volume.
- the hot gas discharged from the clinker cooler 203 of the cement manufacturing facility 200 is also introduced into the mixing unit 112.
- the hot gas at this time has a temperature of about 300 ° C. and an oxygen concentration of about 21% by volume.
- the mixing unit 112 has a configuration (not shown) such as a control valve and a control device for controlling gas mixing, a gas pipe line, and the like.
- the mixing unit 112 mixes the exhaust gas and the hot gas to generate a mixed gas having a temperature of 150 ° C. or higher, preferably 200 ° C. or higher and an oxygen concentration of 10% by volume or lower. Supplied to the drying processing facility 300.
- the mixing means 112 is, for example, 68.7% (%) of an exhaust gas having an oxygen concentration of 5% by volume at 90 ° C. and 31.3% (%) of a hot gas having an oxygen concentration of 21% by volume at 300 ° C. And mix. As a result, a mixed gas having an oxygen concentration of 10% by volume at a temperature of 156 ° C. is generated. Note that in the drying treatment facility 300, even if the temperature of the drying air is too high (that is, the temperature of the drying air seems to exceed the ignition point temperature of coal), the oxygen concentration is too high. The possibility of fire is also increased.
- the mixing unit 112 generates a mixed gas having a temperature and oxygen concentration suitable for the drying process of coal, and supplies the mixed gas to the drying processing facility 300 as drying air.
- the mixed gas produced at the mixing unit 112 at a temperature of 156 ° C. and an oxygen concentration of 10% by volume or less is sent to the drying treatment facility 300 and used for the drying treatment of coal, and the temperature of the gas after the drying treatment is 70. It becomes about °C.
- a part of the exhaust gas that has not been mixed with the hot gas by the mixing means 112 is supplied to an electric dust collector 107 such as a low-temperature electric dust collector (EP).
- the exhaust gas that has passed through the electrostatic precipitator 107 is discharged into the atmosphere as exhaust gas after the sulfur oxide (SOx) is removed by the desulfurization device 108.
- SOx sulfur oxide
- the exhaust gas from the boiler 102 is provided as drying air to the drying treatment facility 300 that performs the drying treatment of the coal supplied to the coal-fired power plant 100. Since it can be configured to use the thermal energy of the hot gas supplied from the cement manufacturing facility 200, the thermal energy is efficiently used.
- the exhaust gas utilization method according to the eleventh embodiment is configured such that the hot gas from the clinker cooler 203 and the exhaust gas from the boiler 102 can be used for the drying treatment in the drying treatment facility 300.
- the hot gas discharged from the clinker cooler 203 of the cement manufacturing facility 200 is introduced into the mixing means 112 of the coal-fired power plant 100 and mixed with the exhaust gas from the boiler 102. Then, a mixed gas having an oxygen concentration of 10% by volume or less is generated and supplied to the drying processing facility 300. Therefore, according to the exhaust gas utilization method according to the eleventh embodiment, it is possible to efficiently use thermal energy and to establish a positive utilization technology of low-grade fuel.
- FIG. 19 is a block diagram showing the overall flow of the exhaust gas utilization method according to the twelfth embodiment of the present invention.
- the exhaust gas mixed with the hot gas from the clinker cooler 203 by the mixing means 112 passes through the heat recovery device 106 and the electric dust collector 107. It differs from that according to the eleventh embodiment in that the temperature is lowered and ash (dust) is removed.
- the temperature of the exhaust gas from the boiler 102 is reduced by the heat recovery device 106 and then supplied to the electric dust collector 107 to remove ash in the exhaust gas. Then, the exhaust gas from the electrostatic precipitator 107 and the hot gas from the clinker cooler 203 are introduced into the mixing unit 112 to generate a mixed gas having a predetermined temperature and oxygen concentration as described above, and supply the mixed gas to the drying treatment facility 300. To do. Even in this case, as in the eleventh embodiment, it is possible to efficiently use thermal energy and establish a technology for actively using low-grade fuel. Moreover, if it does in this way, optimization of operation of each apparatus and each process in coal thermal power station 100 can be aimed at.
- FIG. 20 is a block diagram showing the overall flow of the exhaust gas utilization method according to the thirteenth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 21 is a diagram showing a detailed configuration of FIG.
- the exhaust gas utilization method according to the thirteenth embodiment is provided with a desulfurizing agent supply device 10 instead of the desulfurization device 108 of the coal-fired power plant 100, and the combustion furnace 20 of the boiler 102.
- the point which desulfurizes the exhaust gas (in-furnace desulfurization) in the inside is different from that according to the eleventh embodiment.
- a desulfurization facility may be provided in the subsequent stage.
- the desulfurizing agent 15 By injecting the desulfurizing agent 15 into the vicinity of the upper nose portion 21 as described above, desulfurization in the combustion furnace 20 can be performed efficiently and the amount of the desulfurizing agent 15 used can be reduced. Become.
- the exhaust gas from which SO 2 and SO 3 have been removed in the combustion furnace 20 in this way is discharged from the combustion furnace 20 through the flue 22.
- the denitration is performed through the above-described denitration device 105 and the temperature is reduced (the temperature is lowered) through the heat recovery device 106 and then introduced into the mixing unit 112.
- SO 3 in the exhaust gas is removed in advance by a desulfurizing agent 15 that is preferably injected in the vicinity of the upper nose portion 21 in the combustion furnace 20.
- a desulfurizing agent 15 that is preferably injected in the vicinity of the upper nose portion 21 in the combustion furnace 20.
- the acid dew point temperature of the exhaust gas can be greatly reduced.
- the energy efficiency can be remarkably improved by increasing the heat recovery amount. did.
- each device such as the mixing unit 112 with an expensive corrosion-resistant material.
- the material of the portion in contact with the exhaust gas such as a control valve or a pipe line in the mixing unit 112 can be inexpensive.
- Carbon steel (carbon steel) material can be used.
- SO 3 is removed by the desulfurizing agent 15 injected in the vicinity of the upper nose portion 21 in the combustion furnace 20.
- a heat recovery device 106 is provided between the combustion furnace 20 and the dust collector 109, and the temperature of the exhaust gas discharged from the combustion furnace 20 is lowered, so that the concentration of SO 3 in the exhaust gas has a dust collection performance of the electric dust collector.
- the dust collection performance can be maintained and improved.
- FIG. 22 is a block diagram showing the overall flow of the exhaust gas utilization method according to the fourteenth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 23 is a diagram showing a detailed configuration of FIG.
- the exhaust gas utilization method according to the fourteenth embodiment is provided with a desulfurization agent supply device 10 instead of the desulfurization device 108 of the coal-fired power plant 100, and the combustion furnace 20 of the boiler 102.
- the point which performs in-furnace desulfurization of waste gas in the inside is different from that according to the twelfth embodiment.
- FIG. 24 is a block diagram showing the overall flow of the exhaust gas utilization method according to the fifteenth embodiment of the present invention.
- the exhaust gas utilization method according to the fifteenth embodiment mainly includes a drying treatment facility 300 for drying coal as low-grade fuel, and a post-drying treatment supplied from the drying treatment facility 300.
- the present invention is applied to a coal-fired power plant 100 that uses and burns coal.
- the coal-fired power plant 100 includes a denitration device 105, an air preheater 106a, an electric dust collector 107, and a desulfurization device 108.
- the denitration device 105 can be installed arbitrarily.
- the coal-fired power plant 100 has a configuration in which a cement manufacturing facility 200 is provided.
- the hot gas is introduced into the boiler 102 as a part of combustion air and used for combustion.
- the ratio of this hot gas as combustion air introduced into the boiler 102 is preferably about 10% to 25%.
- the exhaust gas from the boiler 102 is distributed by, for example, the distribution unit 111 and used for drying the coal in the drying processing facility 300.
- This exhaust gas may be used to dry and pulverize coal in the pulverizer 101.
- it is the structure which can aim at the effective utilization of the thermal energy of hot gas or exhaust gas comprehensively.
- a part of the coal after the drying treatment may be used in a heat utilization facility (for example, the cement production facility 200) other than the boiler 102.
- the pulverized coal is combusted together with the oxygen-containing gas and the hot gas in the combustion furnace 20 of the boiler 102 (see, for example, FIG. 26).
- the hot gas introduced into the boiler 102 has, for example, an oxygen concentration of 15% by volume or higher and a temperature of 250 ° C. or higher.
- the exhaust gas generated in the boiler 102 is discharged at a temperature of about 300 ° C. to 400 ° C., for example, and then distributed by the subsequent distribution means 111.
- the distribution unit 111 has a control valve and a pipeline (not shown), and distributes and supplies a part of the exhaust gas to the drying treatment facility 300 and the pulverization apparatus 101. Further, nitrogen oxide (NOx) is removed from the other part of the exhaust gas by the denitration apparatus 105.
- NOx nitrogen oxide
- the exhaust gas distributed by the distribution means 111 and supplied to the drying treatment facility 300 has, for example, an oxygen concentration of 10% by volume. Further, the exhaust gas after passing through the denitration device 105 is introduced into the air preheater 106a, used to heat the air in the air preheater 106a, and then supplied to the electrostatic precipitator 107. The air heated by the air preheater 106 a is introduced into the boiler 102. In the drying treatment facility 300, even if the temperature of the exhaust gas used as the drying air is too high (that is, even if the temperature of the drying air exceeds the ignition point temperature of coal), the oxygen concentration is high. Even if it is too much, there is a high possibility of ignition.
- the hot gas from the clinker cooler 203 having a high oxygen concentration and temperature is not directly introduced into the drying treatment equipment 300, but the oxygen concentration is reduced by the boiler 102 and discharged as exhaust gas, and a part thereof is used for drying.
- the air is supplied to the drying processing facility 300 as air.
- the exhaust gas having a temperature of 378 ° C. and an oxygen concentration of 10% by volume or less in the distribution unit 111 is sent to the drying treatment facility 300 and used for the drying treatment of coal, and the temperature of the gas after the drying treatment is about 70 ° C. It becomes.
- exhaust gas from the boiler 102 is used as the drying air to the drying treatment facility 300 that performs the drying treatment of coal supplied to the coal-fired power plant 100. .
- the drying treatment facility 300 that performs the drying treatment of coal supplied to the coal-fired power plant 100.
- efficient thermal energy can be used. We are trying to use it.
- the clinker cooler 203 in the cement manufacturing facility 200 has a heat of 250 ° C. or higher, for example, about 300 ° C., and a hot gas having an oxygen concentration of 15 vol% or higher is discharged.
- the thermal energy of this hot gas was discharged almost without being used as described above.
- the hot gas can be used for the combustion treatment in the boiler 102 and the exhaust gas from the boiler 102 can be utilized for the drying treatment in the drying treatment facility 300. It is composed.
- the hot gas discharged from the clinker cooler 203 of the cement manufacturing facility 200 is introduced into the boiler 102 of the coal-fired power plant 100 and burned.
- the exhaust gas from the boiler 102 having an oxygen concentration of 10% by volume or less is supplied to the drying processing facility 300 via the distribution unit 111. Therefore, according to the exhaust gas utilization method according to the fifteenth embodiment, it is possible to efficiently use thermal energy and establish a positive utilization technology of low-grade fuel.
- the exhaust gas supplied to the drying treatment facility 300 is distributed and supplied from a desired location as appropriate, such as after the denitration device 105 at the rear stage of the boiler 102, after the electrostatic precipitator 107, or after the desulfurization device 108. It may be configured. In this case, the distribution means 111 may be installed between the respective devices.
- FIG. 25 is a block diagram showing the overall flow of the exhaust gas utilization method according to the sixteenth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 26 is a diagram showing a detailed configuration of FIG.
- the exhaust gas utilization method according to the sixteenth embodiment is provided with a desulfurization agent supply device 10 in a coal-fired power plant 100, and desulfurization of exhaust gas in a combustion furnace 20 of a boiler 102 ( The point of performing in-furnace desulfurization is different from that according to the fifteenth embodiment.
- the distribution means 111 is provided at the rear stage of the air preheater 106a, and the heat recovery device 106 is provided at the rear stage of the distribution means 111.
- the combustion air can be converted into this hot gas up to the total amount.
- the preheat of the exhaust gas at the outlet of the air preheater 106a is recovered by the heat recovery device 106 after passing through the distribution means 111, and is supplied to the feed water heater. At 104, it becomes possible to use the entire amount for heating the feed water.
- the exhaust gas from which SO 2 and SO 3 have been removed in the combustion furnace 20 passes through the flue 22 and is discharged from the combustion furnace 20. Then, for example, after being denitrated through the above-described denitration apparatus 105, a part thereof is sent to the drying treatment facility 300 by the distribution means 111 subsequent to the air preheater 106 a. At the same time, another part of the heat is recovered through the heat recovery device 106 and then sent to the electric dust collector 107.
- the SO 3 in the exhaust gas is removed in advance by the desulfurizing agent 15 that is preferably injected in the vicinity of the upper nose portion 21 in the combustion furnace 20. For this reason, it became possible to significantly reduce the acid dew point temperature of the exhaust gas. As a result, it was found that the amount of heat recovery can be increased to significantly improve the energy efficiency.
- the material of the portion that contacts the exhaust gas is made of an inexpensive carbon steel (carbon steel) material. Is possible.
- SO 3 is removed by the desulfurizing agent 15 injected in the vicinity of the upper nose portion 21 in the combustion furnace 20.
- the concentration of SO 3 in the exhaust gas can be set to such an extent that does not affect the dust collection performance of the electric dust collector, and the dust collection performance can be maintained and improved.
- the exhaust gas discharged from the electrostatic precipitator 107 is desulfurized again by the desulfurization apparatus 108 if necessary, and then conveyed by the blower 48 and discharged into the atmosphere through the chimney 49.
- the boiler 102 is a steam generation amount 80t / h boiler in the coal-fired power plant 100 shown in FIG.
- Coal pulverized coal
- the used desulfurizing agent 15 is cement factory dust recovered from the cyclone exhaust gas of the pulverizer 201 of the cement manufacturing facility 200 described above.
- the chemical composition of cement factory dust was measured by X-ray fluorescence analysis. As a result, CaO 60.6 wt%, SiO 2 is 20.8 wt%, Al 2 O 3 is 10.3 wt%.
- the cement factory dust used had a mass-based average particle size of about 2 ⁇ m.
- the blowing position of the desulfurizing agent 15 in Examples 1 and 2 shown below is in the furnace ⁇ , and the blowing position of the desulfurizing agent 15 in Example 3 is in the furnace ⁇ .
- the blowing position of ⁇ in the furnace is A, B, C, D at a height of 0.8 M above the apex of the nose portion 21 shown in FIG. 27A (the apex of the triangle of the nose portion 21 in FIG. 8 and the like).
- the blowing position of ⁇ in the furnace is E, F, and G at a height 0.4 L below the apex shown in FIG.
- the desulfurizing agent 15 is supplied so as to avoid the position where the superheater 20b exists.
- B and C in FIG. 27A are located between the center point and the end point of the side surface.
- E, F, and G in FIG. 27B are located at the center line portion of each side surface of the combustion furnace 20.
- Example 1 cement factory dust was blown into the furnace such that the SO 2 + SO 3 SOx concentration in the combustion furnace 20 was 200 ppm and the Ca / S molar ratio was 0.93. As a result, the SO 3 concentration was less than 0.05 ppm.
- Example 2 In Example 2, when the SOx concentration in the combustion furnace 20 is 180 ppm and the Ca / S molar ratio of the cement factory dust blown into the furnace is 2.06, the SO 3 concentration is in Example 1. Similarly, it was less than 0.05 ppm.
- Example 3 In Example 3, when the SOx concentration in the combustion furnace 20 was 150 ppm and the Ca / S molar ratio of the cement factory dust blown into the furnace was 2.92, the SO 3 concentration was Example 1. As with 2 and 2, it was less than 0.05 ppm. In Examples 1, 2, and 3, when cement factory dust was not blown, the SOx concentration in the combustion furnace 20 was the same as that before desulfurization.
- the acid dew point temperature of the exhaust gas is set to about 126 ° C. to 88 ° C. or less.
- the gas-water heat exchanger 121 that is the first heat exchange mechanism of the indirect heat exchange mechanism 110 on the downstream side of the heat recovery apparatus 106 shown in FIG. Even if heat corresponding to 50 ° C. is recovered from the exhaust gas maintaining the temperature and this heat is used as a preheating source of the water W2 to the boiler 102 in the heat exchanger 122 as the second heat exchange means, it is caused by condensation of SO 3 .
- the heat exchange processing of the indirect heat exchange mechanism 110 in FIG. 8 was performed. Pure water was used as the heat medium.
- the amount of circulating heat medium was 80 t / h (in the case of a main steam generation amount 80 t / h class boiler).
- the exhaust gas was reduced in temperature from 150 ° C. to 100 ° C. in the gas-water heat exchanger 121 as the first heat exchange means.
- the temperature of pure water increased from 55 ° C. to 74 ° C. in the gas-water heat exchanger 121.
- the pure water as the heat medium heated in the gas-water heat exchanger 121 raised the boiler feed water W2 from 48 ° C. to 62.5 ° C. in the heat exchanger 122 as the second heat exchange means.
- Adjustment means 10 Desulfurization agent supply apparatus 13,48 Blower 14 Desulfurization agent injection port 15 Desulfurization agent 20 Combustion furnace 20a Wall part 20b Superheater 21 Nose part (upper nose part) 22 flue 30 exhaust gas temperature reduction equipment 31 gas air heater 33 water spray device 49 chimney 50 circuit 50A main circuit 50B sub circuit 51 pipe 100 coal-fired power plant 101 pulverizer 102 boiler 103 generator 104 feed water heater 105 Denitration apparatus 106 Heat recovery apparatus 107 Electric dust collector 108 Desulfurization apparatus 110 Indirect heat exchange mechanism 111 Distributing means 112 Mixing means 113 Mixing equipment 121 Gas-water heat exchanger 122 Heat exchanger 200 Cement production equipment 201 Crusher 202 Firing apparatus 203 Clinker cooler 204 Mixing and grinding machine 300 Drying equipment
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Abstract
Description
また、本発明は、より安価且つ容易に排ガス中のSO3を処理しつつより効果的に排ガスの熱エネルギーの有効利用を図り、不具合が少なく効率の良い発電設備の操業を行うことができる燃料処理システム、排ガスの利用方法及び排ガス利用装置を提供することを目的とする。
また、本発明によれば、より安価且つ容易に排ガス中のSO3を処理しつつより効果的に排ガスの熱エネルギーの有効利用を図り、不具合が少なく効率の良い発電設備の操業を行うことができる。
図1は、本発明の全体の実施形態に係る燃料処理システムの機能ブロック図である。図1に示すように、燃料処理システム1は、データベース(DB)2、制御部3、調整手段4、及び乾燥処理設備300からなる。すなわち、処理システム1は、図示しない熱ガス供給設備から供給される熱ガスの温度を、調整手段4を用いて制御する。調整手段4の制御は、制御部3によって行われる。
(1)乾燥処理設備300を用いて乾燥する燃料の種別を特定する。
(2)上記(1)で特定された燃料の水分量及び発火点温度ITを、水分量及び発火点温度ITの情報を記憶するデータベース(DB)2から取得する。
(3)上記(2)で取得された発火点温度ITから、乾燥処理設備300にて用いる熱ガスの温度を決定する。
(4)乾燥後の燃料の水分量を決定する。
(5)上記(2)における乾燥前の燃料の水分量、及び上記(4)における乾燥後の燃料の水分量から、乾燥処理設備300において必要な熱量を決定する。
(6)上記(5)における必要な熱量、及び上記(3)における熱ガスの温度から、乾燥処理設備300に供給する熱ガスの量を決定する。
以下、制御部3と調整手段4について、より詳細に説明する。
図2は、本発明の第1の実施形態に係る燃料処理システムの全体概要を示すブロック図である。なお、ここでは低品位燃料として石炭を用いることを例に挙げて説明する。図2に示すように、処理システム1は、石炭火力発電所100と、熱ガス供給設備であるセメント製造設備200と、石炭の乾燥処理設備300とを備えて構成される。
平衡水分(質量%)=平衡含水率÷(100+平衡含水率)×100・・・(1)
図3は、本発明の第2の実施形態に係る燃料処理システムの全体概要を示すブロック図である。なお、以降において、既に説明した部分と重複する箇所には同一の符号を附して説明を割愛する。図3に示すように、第2の実施形態に係る処理システム1は、第1の実施形態に係る処理システム1の熱交換器4Aに代えて、石炭火力発電所100の給水加熱器104を調整手段4として採用した点が相違している。
図4は、本発明の第3の実施形態に係る燃料処理システムの全体概要を示すブロック図である。図4に示すように、第3の実施形態に係る処理システム1は、第2の実施形態に係る処理システム1の給水加熱器104を調整手段4として採用する点は同じである。しかし、この調整手段4が、更に分配手段111及び混合手段112を備える点が相違している。
図5は、本発明の第4の実施形態に係る燃料処理システムの全体概要を示すブロック図である。図5に示すように、第4の実施形態に係る処理システム1は、第1の実施形態に係る処理システムと同様に調整手段4として熱交換器4Aを用いる点は同じである。しかし、更に分配手段111を備える点が相違している。
また、上述した実施形態に係る処理システム1の石炭火力発電所100におけるボイラー102の燃焼炉の構成を次のようにして、石炭火力発電所100の排ガスを効果的に処理するようにしても良い。図6は、本発明の第5の実施形態に係る燃料処理システムにおける火力発電設備の燃焼炉の構造を示す図である。
図8は、本発明の第6の実施形態に係る燃料処理システムにおける火力発電設備の燃焼炉の構造を示す図である。図9は、本発明の第6の実施形態に係る燃料処理システムの全体概要を示すブロック図である。図8及び図9に示すように、本実施形態に係る燃料処理システム1は、石炭火力発電所100に適用される。
図10は、本発明の第7の実施形態に係る排ガスの利用方法の全体の流れを示すブロック図である。図11は、図10の詳細な構成を示す図である。図10及び図11に示すように、第7の実施形態に係る排ガスの利用方法は、主に低品位燃料としての石炭を乾燥処理する乾燥手段としての乾燥処理設備300と、この乾燥処理設備300から供給される乾燥処理後の石炭を燃焼利用する石炭火力発電所100とにおいて適用される。
図12は、本発明の第8の実施形態に係る排ガスの利用方法の全体の流れを示すブロック図である。図13は、図12の詳細な構成を示す図である。図12及び図13に示すように、第8の実施形態に係る排ガスの利用方法は、乾燥処理設備300にて乾燥熱源として用いられる脱硫後の排ガスが、排ガス減温設備30及び電気集塵機107を通って温度が下げられた上にダスト(灰分)が除去され、更にその後段に設置された分配手段111から分配されたものである点が、第7の実施形態に係るものと相違している。
図14は、本発明の第9の実施形態に係る排ガスの利用方法の全体の流れを示すブロック図である。図15は、図14の詳細な構成を示す図である。図14及び図15に示すように、第9の実施形態に係る排ガスの利用方法は、主に脱硫後の排ガスと熱媒体との間で熱交換を実行し、熱媒体を排ガスの熱により加熱して乾燥処理設備300の乾燥熱源として利用する点が、第7の実施形態に係るものと相違している。図14は、脱硫後の排ガスと熱媒体との間で熱交換を実行し、排ガスによって加熱された熱媒体を前記乾燥処理設備に供給し、石炭の乾燥熱源として利用する形態である。
第9の実施形態においては、脱硫後の排ガスと熱媒体との間で熱交換を実行し、熱交換された後の排ガスは、電気集塵機107を経由して大気に放出される。脱硫後の排ガスを予め集塵手段に供給し、排ガスに含まれる灰分を除去した後、熱媒体との間で熱交換を実行しても良い。
図16は、本発明の第10の実施形態に係る排ガスの利用方法の全体の流れを示すブロック図である。図17は、図16の詳細な構成を示す図である。図16及び図17に示すように、第10の実施形態に係る排ガスの利用方法は、主に脱硫後の排ガスと熱媒体との間で熱交換を実行すると共に、この熱媒体の一部をボイラー102への水の加熱に利用する点が、第9の実施形態に係るものと相違している。
図18は、本発明の第11の実施形態に係る排ガスの利用方法の全体の流れを示すブロック図である。図18に示すように、第11の実施形態に係る排ガスの利用方法は、主に低品位燃料としての石炭を乾燥処理する乾燥処理設備300と、この乾燥処理設備300から供給される乾燥処理後の石炭を燃焼利用する石炭火力発電所100とにおいて適用される。
図19は、本発明の第12の実施形態に係る排ガスの利用方法の全体の流れを示すブロック図である。図19に示すように、第12の実施形態に係る排ガスの利用方法は、混合手段112にてクリンカクーラー203からの熱ガスと混合される排ガスが、熱回収装置106及び電気集塵機107を通って温度が下げられた上に灰分(ダスト)が除去されたものである点が、第11の実施形態に係るものと相違している。
図20は、本発明の第13の実施形態に係る排ガスの利用方法の全体の流れを示すブロック図である。図21は、図20の詳細な構成を示す図である。図20及び図21に示すように、第13の実施形態に係る排ガスの利用方法は、石炭火力発電所100の脱硫装置108に代えて、脱硫剤供給装置10を設け、ボイラー102の燃焼炉20内にて排ガスの脱硫(炉内脱硫)を行う点が、第11の実施形態に係るものと相違している。後段に脱硫設備を設けても良い。
図22は、本発明の第14の実施形態に係る排ガスの利用方法の全体の流れを示すブロック図である。図23は、図22の詳細な構成を示す図である。図22及び図23に示すように、第14の実施形態に係る排ガスの利用方法は、石炭火力発電所100の脱硫装置108に代えて、脱硫剤供給装置10を設け、ボイラー102の燃焼炉20内にて排ガスの炉内脱硫を行う点が、第12の実施形態に係るものと相違している。
図24は、本発明の第15の実施形態に係る排ガスの利用方法の全体の流れを示すブロック図である。図24に示すように、第15の実施形態に係る排ガスの利用方法は、主に低品位燃料としての石炭を乾燥処理する乾燥処理設備300と、この乾燥処理設備300から供給される乾燥処理後の石炭を燃焼利用する石炭火力発電所100とにおいて適用される。
図25は、本発明の第16の実施形態に係る排ガスの利用方法の全体の流れを示すブロック図である。図26は、図25の詳細な構成を示す図である。図25及び図26に示すように、第16の実施形態に係る排ガスの利用方法は、石炭火力発電所100に脱硫剤供給装置10を設け、ボイラー102の燃焼炉20内にて排ガスの脱硫(炉内脱硫)を行う点が、第15の実施形態に係るものと相違している。
実施例1においては、燃焼炉20内のSO2+SO3のSOx濃度が200ppmであり、Ca/Sのモル比が0.93になるようにセメント工場ダストを炉内に吹き込んだ。その結果、SO3濃度は0.05ppm未満となった。
実施例2においては、燃焼炉20内のSOx濃度が180ppmであり、炉内に吹き込んだセメント工場ダストのCa/Sのモル比が2.06であったときは、SO3濃度は実施例1と同様に0.05ppm未満となった。
実施例3においては、燃焼炉20内のSOx濃度が150ppmであり、炉内に吹き込んだセメント工場ダストのCa/Sのモル比が2.92であったときは、SO3濃度は実施例1及び2と同様に0.05ppm未満となった。
なお、実施例1,2及び3において、セメント工場ダストを吹き込まない場合においては、燃焼炉20内のSOx濃度は、それぞれ脱硫前の濃度と同じであった。
2 データベース(DB)
3 制御部
4 調整手段
10 脱硫剤供給装置
13,48 ブロア
14 脱硫剤吹込口
15 脱硫剤
20 燃焼炉
20a 壁部
20b 過熱器
21 ノーズ部(上方ノーズ部)
22 煙道
30 排ガス減温設備
31 ガスエアヒーター
33 水噴霧装置
49 煙突
50 循環路
50A 主循環路
50B 副循環路
51 管路
100 石炭火力発電所
101 粉砕装置
102 ボイラー
103 発電機
104 給水加熱器
105 脱硝装置
106 熱回収装置
107 電気集塵機
108 脱硫装置
110 間接熱交換機構
111 分配手段
112 混合手段
113 混合設備
121 ガス-水熱交換器
122 熱交換器
200 セメント製造設備
201 粉砕機
202 焼成装置
203 クリンカクーラー
204 混合粉砕機
300 乾燥処理設備
Claims (22)
- 熱ガスを用いて燃料を乾燥させるための乾燥処理設備と、
前記熱ガスの温度を調整して前記乾燥処理設備に供給する調整手段と、
前記燃料の水分量及び発火点温度に関するデータに基づいて前記調整手段を制御する制御部と
を備えたことを特徴とする燃料処理システム。 - 燃料、脱硫剤及び酸素含有ガスを供給する供給口と前記燃料を前記酸素含有ガスで燃焼した後の排ガスを排出するための排出口とを備えたボイラーと、
前記ボイラーから排出された前記排ガスと熱媒体との間で熱交換を実行し、前記熱媒体が前記排ガスにより加熱されるようにした第1熱交換手段と、
前記ボイラーへ供給される水と前記熱交換された後の加熱された熱媒体との間で熱交換を実行し、前記水が前記熱媒体により加熱されるようにした第2熱交換手段と、
前記熱媒体が流通すると共に前記第1熱交換手段と前記第2熱交換手段との間を循環する循環路と
を備えたことを特徴とする請求項1記載の燃料処理システム。 - 前記調整手段は、前記熱ガスの温度に加え、前記熱ガスの流量を調整する
ことを特徴とする請求項1又は2記載の燃料処理システム。 - 前記調整手段は、熱交換器である
ことを特徴とする請求項1~3のいずれか1項記載の燃料処理システム。 - 前記熱交換器は、ボイラー給水加熱器である
ことを特徴とする請求項4記載の燃料処理システム。 - 前記調整手段は、前記熱ガスを前記熱交換器及びバイパス路に分配する分配手段と、前記熱交換器から排出された熱ガス及び前記バイパス路を通った熱ガスを混合する混合手段とを更に備える
ことを特徴とする請求項4又は5記載の燃料処理システム。 - 前記乾燥処理設備を用いて乾燥させた前記燃料を燃焼させて発電を行う火力発電設備を更に備え、
前記火力発電設備は、
前記燃料を燃焼する燃焼炉と、
前記燃焼炉に設けられる脱硫剤を注入する脱硫剤吹込手段と
を備えることを特徴とする請求項1~6のいずれか1項記載の燃料処理システム。 - 前記第1熱交換手段において前記排ガスと接触する前記循環路の表面温度は、前記排ガスの露点温度よりも高い
ことを特徴とする請求項2記載の燃料処理システム。 - 前記ボイラーは、
燃料を燃焼させるための燃焼炉と、
前記燃焼炉の上方に設けられて前記燃焼炉の空間を狭くするノーズ部と
を備え、
脱硫剤を供給する前記供給口は、前記ノーズ部近傍に位置する
ことを特徴とする請求項2又は8記載の燃料処理システム。 - 前記脱硫剤は、カルシウム化合物であり、
前記カルシウム化合物は、炭酸カルシウムを含有するセメント工場ダストを含む
ことを特徴とする請求項2、8及び9のいずれか1項記載の燃料処理システム。 - 水分と硫黄成分を含む石炭を乾燥処理設備に供給し前記石炭を乾燥し、乾燥された石炭を燃焼炉に供給し石炭を燃焼し、燃焼後の排ガスの熱を利用する排ガスの利用方法であって、
前記燃焼炉内に脱硫剤を供給し燃焼炉内において排ガスを脱硫し、
前記脱硫後排ガスの熱を前記石炭の乾燥熱源として利用する
ことを特徴とする排ガスの利用方法。 - 水分と硫黄成分を含む石炭を乾燥処理設備に供給し前記石炭を乾燥し、
乾燥された石炭を燃焼炉に供給し石炭を燃焼し、燃焼後の灰分を含む排ガスの熱を利用する排ガスの利用方法であって、
前記排ガスを排ガス減温手段によって冷却する工程と、
前記冷却された排ガスとこれよりも温度の高い熱ガスとを混合して混合ガスを生成する工程と、
前記混合ガスを前記乾燥処理設備に供給する工程と
を備え、
前記混合ガスは、酸素濃度が10容量%以下となるように生成される
ことを特徴とする排ガスの利用方法。 - 水分を含む石炭を乾燥処理設備に供給し前記石炭を乾燥し、
乾燥された石炭を燃焼炉に供給し石炭を燃焼し、燃焼後の排ガスの熱を利用する排ガスの利用方法であって、
前記燃焼炉以外の熱利用設備から排出された酸素を含有する熱ガスを、前記燃焼炉に燃焼用空気として供給する工程と、
前記排ガスを前記乾燥処理設備に供給する工程と
を備え、
前記熱ガスは、酸素濃度が15容量%以上であり、温度が250℃以上である
ことを特徴とする排ガスの利用方法。 - 前記脱硫後の排ガスを乾燥処理設備に供給し、排ガスの熱を前記石炭の乾燥熱源として利用する請求項11記載の排ガスの利用方法。
- 前記脱硫後の排ガスと熱媒体との間で熱交換を実行し、前記排ガスによって加熱された熱媒体を前記乾燥処理設備に供給し、前記石炭の乾燥熱源として利用する請求項11記載の排ガスの利用方法。
- 前記脱硫後の排ガスを集塵手段に供給し排ガスに含まれる灰分を除去し、前記灰分が除去された排ガスの熱を前記石炭の乾燥熱源として利用する請求項11、14及び15のいずれか1項記載の排ガスの利用方法。
- 前記冷却された排ガスから集塵手段によって前記灰分を除去する工程を更に備え、
前記混合ガスは、前記灰分が除去された排ガスと前記熱ガスとを混合して生成される
ことを特徴とする請求項12記載の排ガスの利用方法。 - 前記排ガスは、酸素濃度が10容量%以下である
ことを特徴とする請求項13記載の排ガスの利用方法。 - 前記熱ガスは、セメント製造設備のクリンカクーラーから排出される熱ガスである
ことを特徴とする請求項12、13、17又は18記載の排ガスの利用方法。 - 前記燃焼炉内に脱硫剤を供給し燃焼炉内において排ガスを脱硫する工程を更に備えた
ことを特徴とする請求項12、13、17~19のいずれか1項記載の排ガスの利用方法。 - 前記燃焼炉は、その上方に燃焼炉の空間を狭くするノーズ部を有し、
前記ノーズ部の近傍に前記脱硫剤を供給する請求項11~20のいずれか1項記載の排ガスの利用方法。 - 石炭を乾燥させる乾燥手段と、
乾燥された前記石炭を燃焼させる燃焼手段と、
前記燃焼手段に対し脱硫剤を供給する脱硫剤供給手段と
を備える排ガス利用装置であって、
前記乾燥手段と前記燃焼手段とを接続する排ガス供給路を設け、
前記排ガス供給路は、脱硫された排ガスを前記乾燥手段に供給し、
前記乾燥手段は、前記排ガスの熱を用いて前記石炭を乾燥させる
ことを特徴とする排ガス利用装置。
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CN104508376A (zh) * | 2012-09-13 | 2015-04-08 | 三菱重工业株式会社 | 燃煤锅炉设备、燃煤锅炉设备中的煤的干燥方法 |
JP5852252B2 (ja) * | 2012-09-13 | 2016-02-03 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | 石炭焚きボイラ設備、石炭焚きボイラ設備における石炭の乾燥方法 |
EP2896884A4 (en) * | 2012-09-13 | 2016-05-25 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | CHARCOAL BOILER INSTALLATIONS AND METHOD FOR DRYING COAL IN COAL BOILER FACILITIES |
US9360211B2 (en) | 2012-09-13 | 2016-06-07 | Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. | Coal fired boiler plant and coal drying method for coal fired boiler plant |
CN104508376B (zh) * | 2012-09-13 | 2016-11-02 | 三菱重工业株式会社 | 燃煤锅炉设备、燃煤锅炉设备中的煤的干燥方法 |
JP2017522529A (ja) * | 2014-07-17 | 2017-08-10 | サウジ アラビアン オイル カンパニー | 酸性ガス燃焼および発電のための硫酸カルシウムループサイクル |
JP2016223649A (ja) * | 2015-05-27 | 2016-12-28 | 一般財団法人電力中央研究所 | ボイラ装置及び発電設備 |
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CN104748141B (zh) | 2017-03-15 |
CN103119366A (zh) | 2013-05-22 |
CN103119366B (zh) | 2015-09-09 |
AU2011270166A1 (en) | 2013-01-31 |
AU2011270166B2 (en) | 2015-01-29 |
JPWO2011162344A1 (ja) | 2013-08-22 |
CN104748141A (zh) | 2015-07-01 |
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