WO2011162333A1 - 耐衝撃性ポリアミド組成物及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
耐衝撃性ポリアミド組成物及びその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2011162333A1 WO2011162333A1 PCT/JP2011/064403 JP2011064403W WO2011162333A1 WO 2011162333 A1 WO2011162333 A1 WO 2011162333A1 JP 2011064403 W JP2011064403 W JP 2011064403W WO 2011162333 A1 WO2011162333 A1 WO 2011162333A1
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- vinylbenzylamine
- bis
- disubstituted
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- caprolactam
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G69/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic amide link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G69/02—Polyamides derived from amino-carboxylic acids or from polyamines and polycarboxylic acids
- C08G69/08—Polyamides derived from amino-carboxylic acids or from polyamines and polycarboxylic acids derived from amino-carboxylic acids
- C08G69/14—Lactams
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G69/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic amide link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G69/02—Polyamides derived from amino-carboxylic acids or from polyamines and polycarboxylic acids
- C08G69/08—Polyamides derived from amino-carboxylic acids or from polyamines and polycarboxylic acids derived from amino-carboxylic acids
- C08G69/14—Lactams
- C08G69/16—Preparatory processes
- C08G69/18—Anionic polymerisation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G69/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic amide link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G69/02—Polyamides derived from amino-carboxylic acids or from polyamines and polycarboxylic acids
- C08G69/08—Polyamides derived from amino-carboxylic acids or from polyamines and polycarboxylic acids derived from amino-carboxylic acids
- C08G69/14—Lactams
- C08G69/16—Preparatory processes
- C08G69/18—Anionic polymerisation
- C08G69/20—Anionic polymerisation characterised by the catalysts used
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L77/00—Compositions of polyamides obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic amide link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L77/02—Polyamides derived from omega-amino carboxylic acids or from lactams thereof
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an impact resistant polyamide composition having improved toughness and impact strength and a method for producing the same.
- Anionic polymerization of lactams such as caprolactam in the presence of an anionic polymerization catalyst and a polymerization activator is a well-known technique. It is a known technique to manufacture various molded products.
- Polyamides such as polycaprolactam obtained by anionic polymerization generally have an advantage of high crystallinity and excellent properties such as mechanical strength, abrasion resistance, creep resistance and chemical resistance.
- the impact strength is low, the elongation at break is insufficient, and the toughness is lacking.
- a substituted amide monomer such as N, N-dimethylbenzamide, N, N-dimethylacetamide, N-methylpyrrolidone as a plasticizer.
- Patent Document 1 discloses the use of an N-alkylpyrrolidone having a lower alkyl substituent, wherein the alkyl group has 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and methyl or ethyl is most preferred.
- monomer plasticizers bleed out and lose their effect over time. For this reason, it has been proposed to use polymer plasticizers.
- Patent Document 2 discloses anionic polymerization in the presence of nylon 11.
- Patent Document 3 a highly branched polymer based on an aromatic compound is used, and this polymer is bonded to polyamide.
- Patent Literature 4 discloses that polyamide is modified by block copolymerization
- Patent Literature 5 and Patent Literature 6 disclose that carbamoyllactam and polyol are modified.
- a modification technique for polymerizing in the presence of a prepolymer is disclosed.
- the polymerization time is increased by adding another polymer to the polymerization system, and there is a disadvantage that the viscosity of the raw material is increased. This is disadvantageous for polymerization at the molding site because a process is required. Further, it can be pointed out that the impact strength is not necessarily improved sufficiently.
- the present invention provides an impact-resistant polyamide composition having improved toughness and impact strength, and capable of easily polymerizing a polymerization raw material at a molding site while maintaining a viscosity that is easy to handle, and a novel production method thereof. For the purpose.
- the present invention relates to (A) an anionic polymerization catalyst, (B) an anionic polymerization activator, and (C) 2.0 to 30% by weight of N, N represented by the following general formula (I) with respect to ⁇ -caprolactam.
- a polymerizable composition comprising a di-substituted vinylbenzylamine, (D) a radical polymerization initiator, and (E) ⁇ -caprolactam (hereinafter referred to simply as ⁇ -caprolactam with the symbol (E) omitted). It is a thing.
- the present invention relates to (A) an anionic polymerization catalyst, (B) an anionic polymerization activator, and (C) 2.0 to 30% by weight of N, represented by the following general formula (I) based on ⁇ -caprolactam:
- anionic polymerization of ⁇ -caprolactam was initiated, under the conditions of reaction temperature of reaction system of 120 to 180 ° C. and reaction time of 10 seconds to 120 minutes.
- reaction temperature of reaction system of 120 to 180 ° C. and reaction time of 10 seconds to 120 minutes.
- reaction temperature of reaction system of 120 to 180 ° C.
- reaction time 10 seconds to 120 minutes.
- reaction time 10 seconds to 120 minutes
- R 1 and R 2 are the same or different from each other, and are a linear or branched saturated hydrocarbon group having 2 to 15 carbon atoms, provided that the saturated hydrocarbon The group may have one —O— bond between two carbon atoms, one for two carbons and one or two for three or more carbons.
- the N, N-disubstituted vinylbenzylamine (C) is such that R 1 and R 2 in the general formula (I) are linear or branched and have 2 to 12 carbon atoms. Alkyl groups which are the same or different from each other.
- the N, N-disubstituted vinylbenzylamine (C) is such that R 1 and R 2 in the general formula (I) are linear or branched C 2-12.
- the N, N-disubstituted vinylbenzylamine (C) is N, N-bis (ethyl) -4-vinylbenzylamine or N, N-bis (n-propyl) -4-vinylbenzylamine.
- the radical polymerization initiator (D) is preferably tetraphenylethanediol.
- N, N-disubstituted vinylbenzylamine (C) is preferably 2.0 to 30% by weight and the N, N-disubstituted vinylbenzylamine is based on ⁇ -caprolactam. 0.01 to 20% by weight of the radical polymerization initiator (D) is present with respect to (C).
- the polyamide composition of the present invention maintains the same high crystallinity as polycaprolactam anionically polymerized in the absence of the radical polymerization system using the above N, N-disubstituted vinylbenzylamine (C). Has been. Thus, the advantageous properties provided by the high crystallinity are maintained without loss.
- the polyamide composition of the present invention has high Izod impact strength, excellent toughness, and maintains high crystallinity, and has properties such as mechanical strength, wear resistance, creep resistance, and chemical resistance. Are better.
- the production method of the present invention does not decrease the polymerization rate associated with the use of the polymer component, and can keep the viscosity of the polymerization raw material low, and does not impair the advantageous characteristics of anionic polymerization of caprolactam.
- FIG. 2 is a GPC chart of the polymer composition of Example 1.
- FIG. 2 is a DSC chart of the polymer composition of Example 1. The drawing substitute photograph by AFM of the polymer composition of Example 1 and the polymer composition of Comparative Example 1.
- the anionic polymerization of caprolactam itself can be performed according to a known method using a known starting material. That is, a conventionally known polyamide production method of polymerizing ⁇ -caprolactam, preferably in the presence of an anionic polymerization catalyst and an anionic polymerization activator, preferably under substantially anhydrous conditions can be used.
- ⁇ -Caprolactam exhibits a low-viscosity liquid at a melting point of 70 ° C. or higher, and can be made into a thermoplastic polymer by anionic polymerization in the presence of a catalyst and an activator.
- the reaction is carried out under anhydrous conditions without adding water, it is not excluded that moisture derived from water vapor in the atmosphere is contained. Therefore, the reaction is carried out under substantially anhydrous conditions. That is, a small amount of water, for example, 1000 ppm or less, preferably 500 ppm or less, more preferably 200 ppm or less may be contained in the reaction system.
- anionic polymerization catalyst (A) examples include alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, hydrides of these metals, oxides, hydroxides, carbonates, carboxylates, alkylates, alkoxides, lactamates, and Grignards. There may be mentioned at least one selected from the group consisting of compounds. Of these, alkali metal lactamates (for example, Na-caprolactamate, K-caprolactamate, etc.) are preferable. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the amount of the anionic polymerization catalyst (A) used is preferably 0.03 to 2.5% by weight based on ⁇ -caprolactam. More preferably, it is 0.5 to 2.0% by weight, and still more preferably 1.0 to 1.5% by weight.
- anionic polymerization activator (B) examples include isocyanates, acyllactams, carbamide lactams, isocyanurate derivatives, acid halides, urea derivatives and the like.
- known organic isocyanates such as n-butyl isocyanate, phenyl isocyanate, octyl isocyanate, 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate, tolylene diisocyanate, isophorone diisocyanate, N-acetyl- ⁇ -caprolactam, 1, Examples include 6-hexamethylene biscarbamide lactam, triallyl isocyanurate, terephthaloyl chloride, 1,3-diphenylurea and the like. Of these, organic isocyanates are preferable. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the amount of the anionic polymerization activator (B) used is preferably 0.03 to 3.5% by weight with respect to ⁇ -caprolactam. More preferably, it is 0.3 to 2.5% by weight, and still more preferably 0.5 to 1.5% by weight.
- R 1 and R 2 in the general formula (I) are the same substituents. Or different substituents. Substitutes having the same substituent can be obtained by producing a substituted amine using one kind of substituted compound, and substitutes having different substituents can be produced using two kinds of substituted compounds. Can be obtained. Although there is no limitation in particular about whether a substituent is the same or different, Generally the substituent which has the same substituent easily available can be used preferably.
- R 1 and R 2 in the general formula (I) are a straight chain or branched chain saturated hydrocarbon group having 2 to 15 carbon atoms, provided that the saturated hydrocarbon group is between two carbon atoms.
- One —O— bond may be included in the case of 2 carbon atoms and one or two in the case of 3 or more carbon atoms.
- Examples of the saturated hydrocarbon group having no —O— bond between two carbon atoms include an alkyl group having 2 to 15 carbon atoms.
- the linear or branched alkyl group having 2 to 15 carbon atoms is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include ethyl, propyl, butyl, amyl, hexyl, octyl, decyl, dodecyl, ethylhexyl and the like.
- examples thereof include ethyl, propyl, butyl, amyl, hexyl, octyl, decyl, dodecyl, ethylhexyl and the like.
- ethyl, propyl, butyl, amyl, hexyl, octyl, decyl and dodecyl are preferable, and ethyl and propyl are more preferable.
- R 1 and R 2 are the same or more preferred alkyl groups as described above.
- Examples of the saturated hydrocarbon group having an —O— bond between two carbon atoms include —CH 2 —O—CH 3 in the case of 2 carbon atoms, and —CH 2 —O—C 2 in the case of 3 carbon atoms.
- hydrocarbon groups satisfying the conditions for straight-chain or molecular chain saturated hydrocarbon groups having up to 15 carbon atoms can be easily listed.
- R 1 and R 2 are the same or more preferred groups as described above.
- N-disubstituted vinylbenzylamine (C) represented by the general formula (I) the substitution position on the benzene ring of the vinyl group is not particularly limited. It may be a substituted product or a p-substituted product. In general, since p-substituted products are easily available, they can be preferably used.
- N, N-disubstituted vinylbenzylamine (C) represented by the general formula (I) include N, N-bis (ethyl) -4-vinylbenzylamine, N, N -Bis (n-propyl) -4-vinylbenzylamine, N, N-bis (n-butyl) -4-vinylbenzylamine, N, N-bis (n-amyl) -4-vinylbenzylamine, N, N-bis (n-hexyl) -4-vinylbenzylamine, N, N-bis (n-octyl) -4-vinylbenzylamine, N, N-bis (n-decyl) -4-vinylbenzylamine, N , N-bis (n-dodecyl) -4-vinylbenzylamine, N, N-bis (2-methoxyethyl) -4-vinylbenzylamine, N, N-N-bis
- N N-bis (ethyl) -4-vinylbenzylamine, N, N-bis (n-propyl) -4-vinylbenzylamine, N, N is more preferable from the viewpoint of impact resistance.
- the blending amount of the N, N-disubstituted vinylbenzylamine (C) is preferably 2.0 to 30% by weight, more preferably 5.0 to 20% by weight with respect to ⁇ -caprolactam. %, More preferably 10 to 15% by weight.
- the radical polymerization initiator (D) in the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it can initiate radical polymerization, and the following compounds can be used: 2,2-bis (4,4-di-t -Butylperoxycyclohexyl) propane, 1,1-bis (t-butylperoxy) -3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexane, 1,1-bis (t-butylperoxy) cyclohexane, n-butyl- Peroxyketals such as 4,4-bis (t-butylperoxy) palate, hydroperoxides such as cumene hydroperoxide, diisopropylbenzene peroxide, t-butylcumyl peroxide, di-t-butyl peroxide Such as dialkyl peroxides, lauroyl peroxide, benzoyl peroxide, etc.
- Acyl hydroperoxides such as bis (t-butylcyclohexyl) peroxydicarbonate, t-butylperoxybenzoate, t-butylperoxyacetate, 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-di Organic peroxides such as peroxyesters such as (benzoylperoxy) hexane, azoisobutyronitrile, 2,2-azobis (2-methylbutyronitrile), 1,1-azobis (cyclohexane-1- Azo compounds such as carbonitrile), peroxides such as benzoyl peroxide, hexaphenylethane, tetraphenylsuccinodinitrile, tetraphenylethanediol (such as benzopinacol), tetraphenylethanediphenoxy, tetraphenylethane ( Phenyl substitution such as trimethylsiloxane) Tan acids and the like.
- peroxides such as benzo
- the blending amount of the radical polymerization initiator (D) is preferably 0.1 to 10% by weight, more preferably 1 to 5% by weight with respect to the N, N-disubstituted vinylbenzylamine (C). .
- the polymer composition of the present invention is obtained by polymerizing a polymerizable composition comprising the components (A) to (D) and ⁇ -caprolactam as the component (E).
- the method for producing the polymer composition of the present invention includes a method of performing radical polymerization in the presence of an anionic polymer after anionic polymerization, a method of performing anionic polymerization in the presence of a radical polymer after radical polymerization, an anionic polymer and a radical Examples thereof include a method of uniformly mixing a polymer with a solvent in the presence of a solvent, if necessary, and the production method of the present invention is preferably applied.
- the above radical polymerization initiator, radical polymerizable monomer and blending amount thereof are used.
- the reaction conditions are a reaction temperature of 120 to 180 ° C., preferably 140 to 160 ° C., and a reaction time of 10 seconds to 120 minutes, preferably 30 to 60 minutes.
- ⁇ -caprolactam an anionic polymerization catalyst (A), an anionic polymerization activator (B), an N, N-disubstituted vinylbenzylamine (C) represented by the above general formula (I) and
- the radical polymerization initiator (D) is mixed, and preferably placed under these reaction conditions under normal pressure, an anionic polymerization reaction and a radical polymerization reaction occur, and the composition of the present invention is obtained.
- Each of the above components includes, for example, a system in which an anionic polymerization catalyst (A) and a radical polymerization initiator (D) are added in advance to ⁇ -caprolactam, an anionic polymerization activator (B) and the general formula (I) in ⁇ -caprolactam. ), An N, N-disubstituted vinylbenzylamine (C) added system is prepared, and both are mixed and reacted under the above reaction conditions.
- A anionic polymerization catalyst
- D radical polymerization initiator
- B anionic polymerization activator
- I the general formula (I) in ⁇ -caprolactam.
- C N, N-disubstituted vinylbenzylamine
- the compositions of the examples have peaks on the high molecular weight side and the low molecular weight side, respectively.
- polycaprolactam and poly N, N-disubstituted vinylbenzylamine have independent single peaks at an elution time of about 22 minutes and an elution time of about 27 minutes, respectively.
- fusing point computed from the DSC measurement were substantially equivalent to the blank.
- the polyamide composition obtained by the production method of the present invention is not a mixture of polycaprolactam and N, N-disubstituted vinylbenzylamine monomer.
- the crystalline region of polyamide and the other amorphous region are dispersed microscopically in nano order.
- Poly N, N-disubstituted vinylbenzylamine is formed, and polycaprolactam and poly N, N-disubstituted vinylbenzylamine coexist and are likely to be polymer alloyed.
- the polycaprolactam and the poly N, N-disubstituted vinylbenzylamine are considered to have no bond at the chain end as judged from the raw material monomers.
- the anionic polymerization of lactam monomer and the radical polymerization of vinyl monomer are performed substantially simultaneously using these monomer mixtures as starting materials. Therefore, according to the present invention, a polymer alloy can be formed without using a polymer blending method. A new method of manufacturing is proposed.
- Examples 1 to 11 Preparation of Alloyed Polyamide Composition
- ⁇ -caprolactam and each component were mixed to prepare a monomer mixed melt, and the polyamide compositions of Examples 1 to 11 were obtained by the following procedure.
- ⁇ -caprolactam 1.1% by weight of sodium lactamate as an anionic polymerization catalyst, 0.8% by weight of 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate as an anionic polymerization accelerator, and N, N-disubstituted vinylbenzylamine monomer 10
- 0.03% by weight of benzopinacol was used.
- the reaction conditions are 160 ° C., 60 minutes, and reaction in an open system.
- solution A 100 parts by weight of sufficiently dried ⁇ -caprolactam was heated and melted to 100 ° C., 0.4 parts by weight of metallic sodium was dissolved, and then 0.6 parts by weight of a radical polymerization initiator was blended to prepare solution A.
- a radical polymerization initiator 100 parts by weight of ⁇ -caprolactam sufficiently dried in another system was blended with 1.6 parts by weight of 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate and 20 parts by weight of N, N-disubstituted vinylbenzylamine monomer, and the mixture was heated to 110 ° C.
- Liquid B was prepared by heating and melting. Liquid A and liquid B were mixed immediately before casting into the mold.
- This mixed melt was poured into a mold heated and maintained at 160 ° C., and polymerization was carried out at the same temperature in an open system. While maintaining the mold temperature at 160 ° C., the mold was held for 60 minutes and then demolded to obtain a test piece.
- Comparative Examples 1 to 3 Preparation of Blank Polyamide Composition 100 parts by weight of sufficiently dried ⁇ -caprolactam was heated and melted to 100 ° C., and 0.4 parts by weight of metallic sodium was dissolved to prepare solution A (Na-caprolactam 2 .2 parts by weight). Further, 1.6 parts by weight of 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate was blended with 100 parts by weight of ⁇ -caprolactam sufficiently dried in another system, and heated to 110 ° C. to prepare a liquid B. Liquid A and liquid B were mixed immediately before casting into the mold. This mixed melt was poured into a mold heated and maintained at 160 ° C., and polymerization was carried out at the same temperature in an open system. While maintaining the mold temperature at 160 ° C., the mold was held for 60 minutes and then demolded to obtain a test piece.
- Evaluation 2 Appearance of the obtained polymer (presence of bleeding out) Method: Determined visually. With respect to the bleed-out on the polymer surface, the wet state and the presence or absence of precipitation of heterogeneous components were confirmed. The case where it judged visually that there was no bleed-out was evaluated as none.
- Evaluation 3 Izod notch impact strength of polymer (J / m) Method: Izod impact strength: measured at 23 ° C. according to ASTM D256.
- Evaluation 4 Polymer crystallinity (DSC measurement) Method: DSC measurement was performed to calculate the crystallinity of the polyamide. In the measurement, the temperature was increased from room temperature to 250 ° C. at 20 ° C./min.
- the degree of crystallinity of polyamide is a percentage of the value obtained by dividing the heat of fusion (J / g) of the polyamide calculated from the DSC melting peak area by 191 J / g, which is the theoretical value when the degree of crystallinity of the polyamide is 100%.
- FIG. 2 shows a DSC chart of the polymer composition of Example 1 as an example.
- FIG. 1 shows a GPC chart of the polymer composition of Example 1 as an example.
- the molecular weight measurement peaks of the polyamide compositions of Examples 1 to 11 are observed on the high molecular weight side and the low molecular weight side, and it is considered that the high molecular weight side is a polyamide and the low molecular weight side is a polymer formed by radical polymerization. .
- the polymers of Comparative Examples 1 to 3 do not contain a low molecular weight component.
- the weight average molecular weight of the polyamide composition is lower than the weight average molecular weight of the control polyamide (hydrous 120 ppm) of Comparative Example 1, but the control polyamide (hydrous 500 ppm) of Comparative Example 2 and It was higher than the weight average molecular weight of the control polyamide of Comparative Example 3 (water content: 1000 ppm). From this, it was found that the inhibitory influence on anionic polymerization was low in the production method of the present invention. On the other hand, the low molecular weight side weight average molecular weights of Examples 1 to 11 are considered to be due to the radical polymer.
- the weight average molecular weight is about 5000 to 8000, it is considered that the high molecular weight is being advanced by radical polymerization. In some cases (ie, Examples 7 and 8), low polymerization degree was observed, but it was estimated that the monomer molecular weight was large and the terminal group concentration was relatively low, and the polymerization degree was difficult to increase.
- Evaluation 7 Observation method by AFM: In order to investigate the morphology of the polymer, phase difference mode measurement by AFM (atomic force microscope) was performed. The fracture surfaces (2 ⁇ m ⁇ 2 ⁇ m) of the polymers of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 were observed with a tapping mode AFM. A Shimadzu scanning probe microscope SPM-9600 was used as the AFM measuring apparatus. The results are shown in FIG. The left figure is Comparative Example 1, and the right figure is Example 1.
- the difference in brightness in the image of FIG. 3 is due to the difference in the elastic modulus of the polymer surface.
- the bright part is a crystalline domain and the dark part is an amorphous domain, and these regions can be clearly distinguished.
- the light-dark difference was also observed in the alloyed polyamide (polymer of Example 1), it exhibited a morphology clearly different from that of the blank, and the elastic modulus showing poly N, N-disubstituted vinylbenzylamine was extremely high. A low region is not confirmed, and it can be determined that the crystalline region of the polyamide and the other amorphous region are dispersed microscopically in the nano order.
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Abstract
Description
また、本発明は、(A)アニオン重合触媒、(B)アニオン重合活性剤、(C)ε-カプロラクタムに対して2.0~30重量%の下記一般式(I)で表されるN,N-ジ置換ビニルベンジルアミン及び(D)ラジカル重合開始剤の存在下に、ε-カプロラクタムのアニオン重合を開始し、反応系の反応温度120~180℃、反応時間10秒~120分の条件で反応させることを特徴とするポリアミド組成物の製造方法でもある。
さらに本発明は、上記重合性組成物を重合してなるポリマー組成物でもある。
本発明の他の好ましい態様において、上記N,N-ジ置換ビニルベンジルアミン(C)は、上記一般式(I)中のR1、R2が、直鎖又は分岐鎖の炭素数2~12の、互いに同一又はそれぞれ異なる、飽和炭化水素基(ただし、前記飽和炭化水素基は、2つの炭素原子間の-O-結合を1つ有する。)である。
本発明の別の好ましい態様において、上記N,N-ジ置換ビニルベンジルアミン(C)は、上記一般式(I)中のR1、R2が、互いに同一であり、-(CH2)m-O-(CH2)n-CH3(ただし、n=0、1、2、3又は4であり、m=1又は2である。)で表される基である。
本発明において、上記N,N-ジ置換ビニルベンジルアミン(C)は、N,N-ビス(エチル)-4-ビニルベンジルアミン、N,N-ビス(n-プロピル)-4-ビニルベンジルアミン、N,N-ビス(n-ブチル)-4-ビニルベンジルアミン、N,N-ビス(n-アミル)-4-ビニルベンジルアミン、N,N-ビス(n-ヘキシル)-4-ビニルベンジルアミン、N,N-ビス(n-オクチル)-4-ビニルベンジルアミン、N,N-ビス(n-デシル)-4-ビニルベンジルアミン、N,N-ビス(n-ドデシル)-4-ビニルベンジルアミン、N,N-ビス(2-メトキシエチル)-4-ビニルベンジルアミン、N,N-ビス(2-エトキシエチル)-4-ビニルベンジルアミン及びN,N-ジ-2-エチルヘキシル-4-ビニルベンジルアミンからなる群から選択される少なくとも1種を好ましく使用される。
(1)本発明においては、ポリマー組成物において低分子量成分のブリードアウトがなく、また、GPCやDSCによる証拠から、ラジカル重合性成分のポリマー化が行われる。しかも、カプロラクタムのアニオン重合が阻害されることがない。このため、ラジカル重合性モノマー成分とカプロラクタムとをそれぞれ原料として、ラジカル重合ポリマーとアニオン重合ポリマーとが共存した、おそらくはポリマーアロイ化した、組成物を得ることができる。このようなポリアミド改質方法は従来知られていない。
(2)本発明のポリアミド組成物は、上記N,N-ジ置換ビニルベンジルアミン(C)を使用したラジカル重合系の非存在下でアニオン重合したポリカプロラクタムと同程度の高結晶化度が維持されている。従って、高い結晶化度によってもたらされる有利な特性が失われることなく維持される。
(3)本発明のポリアミド組成物は、アイゾット衝撃強度が高く、靱性に優れ、しかも、高結晶化度を維持し、機械強度、耐磨耗性、耐クリープ性、耐薬品性等の特性に優れている。
(4)本発明の製造方法は、ポリマー成分使用に伴う重合速度の低下がなく、しかも、重合原料の粘性を低く保持することができ、カプロラクタムのアニオン重合の有利な特質が損なわれない。
4VBA:4-ビニルベンジルアミン
ラジカル重合性モノマー:表1に示すN,N-ジ置換ビニルベンジルアミンモノマー
アロイ化ポリアミド組成物の調製
表1の配合により、それぞれ、ε-カプロラクタムと各成分を混合してモノマー混合融液を調製し、下記の手順によって、実施例1~11のポリアミド組成物を得た。ただし、ε-カプロラクタムに対してアニオン重合触媒としてナトリウムラクタメート1.1重量%、アニオン重合促進剤として1,6-ヘキサメチレンジイソシアネート0.8重量%、N,N-ジ置換ビニルベンジルアミンモノマー10重量%、ラジカル重合開始剤としてベンゾピナコール0.03重量%を用いた。また反応条件は、160℃、60分、開放系での反応である。すなわち、十分に乾燥させたε-カプロラクタム100重量部を100℃に加温溶融し、金属ナトリウム0.4重量部を溶解させてからラジカル重合開始剤0.6重量部を配合してA液を調製した(Na-カプロラクタメート2.2重量部相当)。更に、別の系において十分に乾燥したε-カプロラクタム100重量部に1,6-ヘキサメチレンジイソシアネート1.6重量部、N,N-ジ置換ビニルベンジルアミンモノマー20重量部を配合して110℃に加熱溶融させてB液を調製した。A液とB液を金型内部に注型する直前に混合した。この混合融液を、160℃に加熱保持した金型内に注入して、開放系にて同温度で重合を実施した。金型温度を160℃に保ったまま、60分間保持した後に脱型し試験片を得た。
ブランクポリアミド組成物の調製
十分に乾燥させたε-カプロラクタム100重量部を100℃に加温溶融し、金属ナトリウム0.4重量部を溶解させてA液を調製した(Na-カプロラクタメート2.2重量部相当)。更に、別の系において十分に乾燥したε-カプロラクタム100重量部に1,6-ヘキサメチレンジイソシアネート1.6重量部を配合して110℃に加熱溶融させて、B液を調製した。A液とB液を金型内部に注型する直前に混合した。この混合融液を、160℃に加熱保持した金型内に注入して、開放系にて同温度で重合を実施した。金型温度を160℃に保ったまま、60分間保持した後に脱型し試験片を得た。
評価1:モノマーの相溶性
方法:目視による判定で、カプロラクタムとラジカル重合モノマー原料の相溶性を確認した。カプロラクタムとラジカル重合モノマー原料とのモノマー混合融液を110℃で観察し、透明である場合を相溶と判定し、白濁や乳濁する場合を非相溶と判定した。
評価2:得られたポリマーの外観(ブリードアウトの有無)
方法:目視により判定した。ポリマー表面のブリードアウトについて、湿潤状態や不均一成分の析出の有無を確認した。ブリードアウトが無いと目視により判定した場合を無しと評価した。
評価3:ポリマーのアイゾット切り欠け衝撃強度(J/m)
方法:アイゾット衝撃強度:ASTM D256に準拠して、23℃で測定した。
評価4:ポリマーの結晶化度(DSC測定)
方法:ポリアミドの結晶化度を算出するためにDSC測定を行った。測定は室温から250℃まで20℃/minで昇温した。ポリアミドの結晶化度は、DSC融解ピーク面積から算出されたポリアミドの融解熱量(J/g)から、ポリアミドの結晶化度が100%の場合の理論値である191J/gで除した値の百分率で表した。図2に、例として、実施例1のポリマー組成物のDSCチャートを示した。
条件:
溶離液:ヘキサフルオロイソプロパノール(5mol/L、トリフルオロ酢酸ナトリウム添加)
標準物質:PMMA、ジメチルフタレート
カラム温度:40℃
カラム:Shodex GPCHFIP-806M×2、HFIP-803(昭和電工社製)
図1に、例として、実施例1のポリマー組成物のGPCチャートを示した。
方法:80℃×3日間にて熱水抽出された未反応モノマー量を以下の方法で測定した:ポリアミド重合性組成物から約1.0g切り出した試験片を、80℃の熱水中で3日間浸漬させた。浸漬後、120℃で0.1MPa以下で12時間減圧乾燥させた試験片の重量を測定し、熱水抽出後の試験片の重量とした。未反応モノマー量は、次式:
未反応モノマー量(wt%)=[熱水抽出前の試験片の重量-熱水抽出後の試験片の重量]/熱水抽出前の試験片の重量×100(%)
で表した。
方法:ポリマーのモルフォロジーを調べるために、AFM(原子間力顕微鏡)による位相差モード測定を実施した。実施例1と比較例1のポリマーの破断面(2μm×2μm)をタッピングモードAFMで観察した。AFM測定装置は、島津走査型プローブ顕微鏡SPM-9600を使用した。結果を図3に示した。左図が比較例1、右図が実施例1である。
Claims (15)
- N,N-ジ置換ビニルベンジルアミン(C)は、上記一般式(I)中のR1、R2が、直鎖又は分岐鎖の炭素数2~12の、互いに同一又はそれぞれ異なる、アルキル基である請求項1記載の重合性組成物。
- N,N-ジ置換ビニルベンジルアミン(C)は、上記一般式(I)中のR1、R2が、直鎖又は分岐鎖の炭素数2~12の、互いに同一又はそれぞれ異なる、飽和炭化水素基(ただし、前記飽和炭化水素基は、2つの炭素原子間の-O-結合を1つ有する。)である請求項1記載の重合性組成物。
- N,N-ジ置換ビニルベンジルアミン(C)は、上記一般式(I)中のR1、R2が、互いに同一であり、-(CH2)m-O-(CH2)n-CH3(ただし、n=0、1、2、3又は4であり、m=1又は2である。)で表される基である請求項3記載の重合性組成物。
- N,N-ジ置換ビニルベンジルアミン(C)は、N,N-ビス(エチル)-4-ビニルベンジルアミン、N,N-ビス(n-プロピル)-4-ビニルベンジルアミン、N,N-ビス(n-ブチル)-4-ビニルベンジルアミン、N,N-ビス(n-アミル)-4-ビニルベンジルアミン、N,N-ビス(n-ヘキシル)-4-ビニルベンジルアミン、N,N-ビス(n-オクチル)-4-ビニルベンジルアミン、N,N-ビス(n-デシル)-4-ビニルベンジルアミン、N,N-ビス(n-ドデシル)-4-ビニルベンジルアミン、N,N-ビス(2-メトキシエチル)-4-ビニルベンジルアミン、N,N-ビス(2-エトキシエチル)-4-ビニルベンジルアミン及びN,N-ジ-2-エチルヘキシル-4-ビニルベンジルアミンからなる群から選択される少なくとも1種である請求項1記載の重合性組成物。
- ラジカル重合開始剤(D)は、テトラフェニルエタンジオールである請求項1~5のいずれか記載の重合性組成物。
- N,N-ジ置換ビニルベンジルアミン(C)に対して0.01~20重量%のラジカル重合開始剤(D)を含有する請求項1~6のいずれか記載の重合性組成物。
- 請求項1~7のいずれか記載の重合性組成物を重合してなるポリマー組成物。
- (A)アニオン重合触媒、
(B)アニオン重合活性剤、
(C)ε-カプロラクタムに対して2.0~30重量%の下記一般式(I):
(D)ラジカル重合開始剤
の存在下に、ε-カプロラクタムのアニオン重合を開始し、反応系の反応温度120~180℃、反応時間10秒~120分の条件で反応させることを特徴とするポリアミド組成物の製造方法。 - N,N-ジ置換ビニルベンジルアミン(C)は、上記一般式(I)中のR1、R2が、直鎖又は分岐鎖の炭素数2~12の、互いに同一又はそれぞれ異なる、アルキル基である請求項1記載の製造方法。
- N,N-ジ置換ビニルベンジルアミン(C)は、上記一般式(I)中のR1、R2が、直鎖又は分岐鎖の炭素数2~12の、互いに同一又はそれぞれ異なる、飽和炭化水素基(ただし、前記飽和炭化水素基は、2つの炭素原子間の-O-結合を1つ有する。)である請求項1記載の製造方法。
- N,N-ジ置換ビニルベンジルアミン(C)は、上記一般式(I)中のR1、R2が、互いに同一であり、-(CH2)m-O-(CH2)n-CH3(ただし、n=0、1、2、3又は4であり、m=1又は2である。)で表される基である請求項3記載の製造方法。
- N,N-ジ置換ビニルベンジルアミン(C)は、N,N-ビス(エチル)-4-ビニルベンジルアミン、N,N-ビス(n-プロピル)-4-ビニルベンジルアミン、N,N-ビス(n-ブチル)-4-ビニルベンジルアミン、N,N-ビス(n-アミル)-4-ビニルベンジルアミン、N,N-ビス(n-ヘキシル)-4-ビニルベンジルアミン、N,N-ビス(n-オクチル)-4-ビニルベンジルアミン、N,N-ビス(n-デシル)-4-ビニルベンジルアミン、N,N-ビス(n-ドデシル)-4-ビニルベンジルアミン、N,N-ビス(2-メトキシエチル)-4-ビニルベンジルアミン、N,N-ビス(2-エトキシエチル)-4-ビニルベンジルアミン及びN,N-ジ-2-エチルヘキシル-4-ビニルベンジルアミンからなる群から選択される少なくとも1種である請求項1記載の製造方法。
- ラジカル重合開始剤(D)は、テトラフェニルエタンジオールである請求項1~5のいずれか記載の製造方法。
- N,N-ジ置換ビニルベンジルアミン(C)に対して0.01~20重量%のラジカル重合開始剤(D)を存在させる請求項1~6のいずれか記載の製造方法。
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EP20110798214 EP2586812A4 (en) | 2010-06-23 | 2011-06-23 | SHOCK-RESISTANT POLYAMIDE COMPOSITION AND METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION THEREOF |
CN201180030714.1A CN102947368B (zh) | 2010-06-23 | 2011-06-23 | 耐冲击性聚酰胺组合物及其制造方法 |
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CN102947368A (zh) | 2013-02-27 |
CN102947368B (zh) | 2014-11-05 |
JPWO2011162333A1 (ja) | 2013-08-22 |
US9006381B2 (en) | 2015-04-14 |
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