WO2011162121A1 - プロパンの精製方法および精製装置 - Google Patents
プロパンの精製方法および精製装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2011162121A1 WO2011162121A1 PCT/JP2011/063508 JP2011063508W WO2011162121A1 WO 2011162121 A1 WO2011162121 A1 WO 2011162121A1 JP 2011063508 W JP2011063508 W JP 2011063508W WO 2011162121 A1 WO2011162121 A1 WO 2011162121A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C7/00—Purification; Separation; Use of additives
- C07C7/12—Purification; Separation; Use of additives by adsorption, i.e. purification or separation of hydrocarbons with the aid of solids, e.g. with ion-exchangers
- C07C7/13—Purification; Separation; Use of additives by adsorption, i.e. purification or separation of hydrocarbons with the aid of solids, e.g. with ion-exchangers by molecular-sieve technique
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/02—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C9/00—Aliphatic saturated hydrocarbons
- C07C9/02—Aliphatic saturated hydrocarbons with one to four carbon atoms
- C07C9/08—Propane
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2253/00—Adsorbents used in seperation treatment of gases and vapours
- B01D2253/10—Inorganic adsorbents
- B01D2253/102—Carbon
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2253/00—Adsorbents used in seperation treatment of gases and vapours
- B01D2253/10—Inorganic adsorbents
- B01D2253/106—Silica or silicates
- B01D2253/108—Zeolites
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2253/00—Adsorbents used in seperation treatment of gases and vapours
- B01D2253/30—Physical properties of adsorbents
- B01D2253/302—Dimensions
- B01D2253/308—Pore size
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2256/00—Main component in the product gas stream after treatment
- B01D2256/24—Hydrocarbons
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
- B01D2257/70—Organic compounds not provided for in groups B01D2257/00 - B01D2257/602
- B01D2257/702—Hydrocarbons
- B01D2257/7022—Aliphatic hydrocarbons
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2259/00—Type of treatment
- B01D2259/40—Further details for adsorption processes and devices
- B01D2259/40083—Regeneration of adsorbents in processes other than pressure or temperature swing adsorption
- B01D2259/40088—Regeneration of adsorbents in processes other than pressure or temperature swing adsorption by heating
- B01D2259/40096—Regeneration of adsorbents in processes other than pressure or temperature swing adsorption by heating by using electrical resistance heating
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2259/00—Type of treatment
- B01D2259/40—Further details for adsorption processes and devices
- B01D2259/414—Further details for adsorption processes and devices using different types of adsorbents
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a purification method and a purification device for purifying low purity propane containing ethane and / or propylene and isobutane and / or normal butane as impurities by reducing the impurities.
- Propane used for liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), fuel for thermal power generation, etc. is generally refined industrially by fractionating petroleum as a raw material. For this reason, propane that is widely used contains ethane and / or propylene derived from raw materials, and isobutane and / or normal butane as impurities, and its purity is as low as about 98.5 vol%.
- the need for high-purity propane having a low impurity concentration is increasing.
- the demand for propane is increasing as a raw material for high-voltage silicon carbide (SiC) semiconductors, and it is preferable that the impurity concentration of propane be less than 10 volppm in order to realize such high voltage resistance of silicon carbide.
- An object of this invention is to provide the refinement
- the inventors focused on the characteristics of propane, ethane, propylene, isobutane, and normal butane constituting low-purity propane, and purified high-purity propane from low-purity propane by a purification technique using molecular sieve and activated carbon as an adsorbent.
- the present invention has been conceived. That is, if the effective pore size of the pores of the molecular sieve is set to a value that allows isobutane and normal butane molecules to enter the pores, the propane molecules also enter the pores, so that the impurities are separated from propane only by the molecular sieve. It is not possible.
- ethane and propylene are less likely to be adsorbed on activated carbon than isobutane and normal butane. Therefore, when impurities are adsorbed only with activated carbon that does not have a molecular sieve function, adsorption of isobutane and normal butane is preferentially adsorbed on the adsorbent to prevent adsorption of ethane and propylene. Can not. In particular, since ethane has a lower molecular weight than that of isobutane and normal butane, and its adsorption power to activated carbon is weak, it is difficult to separate ethane from propane only with activated carbon.
- the method of the present invention is a purification method for purifying low purity propane containing ethane and / or propylene and isobutane and / or normal butane as impurities.
- the impurities are adsorbed by the activated carbon, and then the gas that has passed through the adsorber is recovered as high-purity propane.
- isobutane and / or normal butane which are less likely to be adsorbed on activated carbon than isobutane and normal butane are separated from propane by the molecular sieve.
- isobutane and / or normal butane has a higher molecular weight than vanadium and a higher van der Waals force, and therefore has a stronger adsorption force on activated carbon. Therefore, isobutane and / or normal butane is separated from propane by activated carbon. Thereby, the gas that has passed through the adsorber can be recovered as high-purity propane.
- the apparatus of the present invention adsorbs ethane and / or propylene preferentially over propane in a purification apparatus for purifying low purity propane containing ethane and / or propylene and isobutane and / or normal butane as impurities.
- an adsorber filled with activated carbon that preferentially adsorbs isobutane and / or normal butane over propane comprising a gas inlet connected to the low-purity propane supply source, A gas recovery port connected to a purity propane recovery container, and the impurities contained in the gaseous low-purity propane introduced into the adsorber from the gas inlet are adsorbed by the molecular sieve and the activated carbon
- the gas that has passed through the adsorber is recovered as high-purity propane in the recovery container through the gas recovery port. And wherein the door.
- the method of the present invention can be carried out.
- the molecular sieve is preferably a 4A type. Thereby, the molecular sieve currently used widely can be used.
- the low purity propane is introduced from the gas inlet of the adsorber and the high purity propane is recovered from the gas recovery port of the adsorber, thereby adsorbing the impurities under a pressure exceeding atmospheric pressure.
- the high-purity propane is recovered, and after the high-purity propane is recovered, the interior of the adsorber is communicated with the atmospheric pressure region via the gas inlet so that the internal pressure of the adsorber becomes atmospheric pressure.
- the gas remaining in the adsorber is exhausted to the atmospheric pressure region, and then the internal temperature is raised in the adsorber and the regeneration gas is circulated from the gas recovery port to the gas introduction port. Is preferred.
- the device of the present invention includes a first connection switching mechanism that selectively connects the gas inlet to any one of the supply source of the low-purity propane and the atmospheric pressure region.
- a second connection switching mechanism for selectively connecting the gas recovery port to any one of the recovery container and the regeneration gas supply source, and a back pressure regulator for adjusting the internal pressure of the adsorber And a temperature regulator for adjusting the internal temperature of the adsorber.
- the purity of the high-purity propane obtained is preferably 99.9 vol% or more, and more preferably 99.99 vol% or more.
- the purity of the recovered high purity propane is more preferably 99.999 vol% or more.
- the industrially advantageous method and apparatus excellent in energy efficiency for obtaining high purity propane from low purity propane can be provided, and the obtained high purity propane is used as a raw material for a silicon carbide semiconductor. be able to.
- a propane purification apparatus 1 shown in FIG. 1 is used for purifying low purity propane containing ethane and / or propylene and isobutane and / or normal butane as impurities.
- An adsorber 2 having a second adsorption tower 2b is provided.
- the first adsorption tower 2a is packed with a molecular sieve ⁇ that adsorbs ethane and propylene preferentially over propane.
- the second adsorption tower 2b is filled with activated carbon ⁇ that adsorbs isobutane and normal butane preferentially over propane.
- the low-purity propane is not particularly limited as long as it contains ethane and / or propylene and isobutane and / or normal butane as impurities, and the purity thereof is preferably 95 to 99 vol%.
- the purity of the obtained high-purity propane is not particularly limited as long as it is higher than that of the low-purity propane to be purified, but is preferably 99.9 vol% or more, more preferably 99.99 vol% or more, and when used as a raw material for a silicon carbide semiconductor More preferably, it is 99.999 vol% or more.
- the effective pore diameter of the pores of the molecular sieve ⁇ packed in the first adsorption tower 2a is a value that allows ethane molecules and propylene molecules to enter the pores but does not allow propane molecules to enter, the ethane and propylene are converted to propane.
- the molecular sieve ⁇ of this embodiment is a 4A type, and the effective pore diameter of the pores of the molecular sieve ⁇ is 0.4 nm (4 cm).
- molecular sieve ⁇ for example, molecular sieve activated carbon or molecular sieve zeolite can be used, and it is particularly preferable to use molecular sieve activated carbon having a high adsorption rate of ethane and propylene.
- the pores of the molecular sieve ⁇ cannot allow ethane molecules to enter when the effective pore diameter becomes 0.3 nm, and also allow isobutane molecules and normal butane molecules to enter when the pore diameter becomes 0.5 nm.
- the effective pore diameter of the pore is between 0.3 nm and 0.5 nm so that the molecular sieve function of selecting molecules according to the size can be achieved. What is necessary is just to set it to the homogenized value which does not let a molecule
- the form of the molecular sieve ⁇ is not particularly limited and can be, for example, granular or pellet-shaped.
- the effective pore diameter of the molecular sieve ⁇ is uniform so that one of the molecules can enter the pore and the propane molecule cannot enter.
- the 4A type molecular sieve ⁇ can be used by setting the value to 0.4 nm.
- the activated carbon ⁇ packed in the second adsorption tower 2b only needs to have a characteristic of adsorbing isobutane and normal butane preferentially over propane, and the pore diameter is not uniformized and can function as a molecular sieve. And the average effective pore diameter of the pores is preferably 0.5 nm or more.
- Normal activated carbon that does not exhibit a molecular sieving function has an average effective pore diameter of 0.5 nm or more, and can allow isobutane and normal butane molecules to enter the pores.
- coconut shell activated carbon or coal-based activated carbon can be used.
- the form of the activated carbon ⁇ is not particularly limited, and can be, for example, granular or pellet-shaped.
- the pore diameter may be made uniform.
- the effective pore diameter of the activated carbon ⁇ is preferably 0.5 nm or more so that each molecule of isobutane and normal butane can enter the pores.
- the first adsorption tower 2a and the second adsorption tower 2b are connected by piping in series.
- a gas introduction port 2 c provided in the first adsorption tower 2 a is connected to a low-purity propane supply source 7 through an on-off valve 3, a flow rate regulator 4, a pressure regulator 5, and an on-off valve 6.
- a gas recovery port 2 d provided in the second adsorption tower 2 b is connected to a high-purity propane recovery container 12 through a back pressure regulator 9 that adjusts the internal pressure of the adsorber 2 and an on-off valve 11.
- Electric heaters 16a and 16b are provided in the adsorption towers 2a and 2b as temperature regulators for adjusting the internal temperature of the adsorber 2.
- Thermometers 17a and 17b for measuring the internal temperature of each adsorber 2 are provided.
- a pressure gauge 20 for measuring the pressure between the gas recovery port 2d and the back pressure regulator 9 is provided.
- the back pressure regulator 9 and the on-off valve 11 are connected to the atmospheric pressure region via the on-off valve 21.
- a constant temperature water circulation device 24 for heating or cooling the high purity propane in the recovery container 12 is provided.
- the gas inlet 2 c is connected to the atmospheric pressure region via the on-off valve 13.
- the on-off valve 3 and the on-off valve 13 are connected to the gas connection port 2c alternatively to any one of the low-purity propane supply source 7, the recovery container 12, and the atmospheric pressure region. Configure the mechanism.
- the gas recovery port 2 d is connected to a regeneration gas supply source 19 via an on-off valve 18.
- the on-off valve 11 and the on-off valve 18 constitute a second connection switching mechanism that selectively connects the gas recovery port 2d to either the recovery container 12 or the regeneration gas supply source 19.
- gaseous low-purity propane supplied from the supply source 7 is introduced into the adsorber 2 through the gas inlet 2c, and ethane and / or propylene is adsorbed by the molecular sieve ⁇ in the first adsorption tower 2a.
- isobutane and / or normal butane is adsorbed by the activated carbon ⁇ , and the gas that has passed through the adsorber 2 is recovered as high-purity propane from the gas recovery port 2d to the recovery container 12, thereby obtaining low-purity propane.
- a purification method for purifying can be carried out.
- the adsorption pressure in the adsorber 2 is a pressure exceeding the atmospheric pressure at which propane does not liquefy at room temperature, for example, a gauge pressure of 0.5 to 0.6 MPa in order to effectively utilize the adsorption capacity of the molecular sieve ⁇ and the activated carbon ⁇ that are adsorbents. It is preferable to set the degree. For this reason, in this embodiment, first, the pressure in the adsorber 2 is set to a predetermined value by introducing low-purity propane, and an initial adsorption step for expelling the regeneration gas used in the regeneration step described later from the adsorber 2 is performed. .
- the on-off valves 3, 6, 21 are opened, the on-off valves 11, 13, 18 are closed, the flow rate of low-purity propane is adjusted by the flow rate regulator 4, and the pressure is adjusted by the pressure regulator 5.
- the inside of the adsorber 2 is brought to room temperature by the electric heaters 16 a and 16 b, and the pressure in the adsorber 2 is set to the adsorption pressure by the back pressure regulator 9.
- the pressure of the low-purity propane adjusted by the pressure regulator 5 is made higher than the pressure in the adsorber 2 set by the back pressure regulator 9. Thereby, low-purity propane is introduced into the adsorber 2, and the regeneration gas in the adsorber 2 is expelled through the on-off valve 21.
- the adsorber 2 is desirably filled with the regeneration gas concentration of 10 volppm or less and the remainder with low-purity propane.
- the regeneration gas in the adsorber 2 reaches the recovery container 12 in the next purification step, but it is diluted with the progress of the purification and the concentration is lowered, so that the step of separating the regeneration gas is unnecessary. It is.
- the on-off valve 21 is closed, the on-off valve 11 is opened, the pressure of the low-purity propane supplied from the supply source 7 is adjusted to a preset value by the pressure regulator 5, and the flow rate is adjusted to the flow rate regulator. Adjust according to 4.
- the pressure of the low-purity propane adjusted by the pressure regulator 5 is made higher than the pressure in the adsorber 2 set by the back pressure regulator 9.
- low-purity propane is introduced into the adsorber 2 from the gas inlet 2c, and impurities contained in the low-purity propane are adsorbed by the molecular sieve ⁇ and activated carbon ⁇ in the adsorber 2 under a pressure exceeding atmospheric pressure.
- a purification step is performed in which the gas that has passed through 2 is recovered in the recovery container 12 as high-purity propane.
- the pressure in the recovery container 12 is made lower than the pressure in the adsorber 2 indicated by the pressure gauge 20.
- the purification step ends before the adsorbent loses the desired adsorption function in the adsorber 2 and breakthrough starts. What is necessary is just to obtain
- the on-off valves 3, 6, and 11 are closed. Thereafter, the on-off valve 13 is opened, so that the inside of the adsorber 2 communicates with the atmospheric pressure region via the gas inlet 2c. Thereby, until the pressure in the adsorber 2 becomes atmospheric pressure, the gas remaining in the adsorber 2 is exhausted to the atmospheric pressure region, and the atmospheric pressure purging process is performed.
- the internal temperature of the adsorber 2 is raised by the electric heaters 16a and 16b while being confirmed by the thermometers 17a and 17b. Further, by opening the on-off valve 18, the regeneration gas from the supply source 19 is introduced into the adsorber 2 through the gas recovery port 2d, and is discharged from the gas introduction port 2c to the atmospheric pressure region. Thereby, the regeneration process which distribute
- the temperature in the adsorber 2 in the regeneration step is preferably 200 ° C. to 300 ° C., more preferably about 250 ° C.
- the regeneration time becomes longer, and if it exceeds 300 ° C., the energy cost increases and the pulverization of the molecular sieve ⁇ and the activated carbon ⁇ may proceed.
- the concentration of each impurity contained in the regeneration gas discharged from the gas inlet 2c is 50 ppm or less, the adsorption capacity can be recovered to 90% or more of the initial adsorption capacity of the molecular sieve ⁇ and the activated carbon ⁇ . Since the regeneration time until the adsorption capacity is restored in this manner varies depending on the flow rate of the regeneration gas, the amount of impurities adsorbed, and the temperature in the adsorber 2, it is preferable to obtain it experimentally.
- the regeneration gas it is preferable to use propane, molecular sieve ⁇ , activated carbon ⁇ , or a gas that is not active with respect to the purification apparatus 1 in the regeneration step, for example, an inert gas such as helium or argon.
- an inert gas such as helium or argon.
- the gas that has passed through the adsorber 2 can be recovered as high-purity propane. Since the molecular sieve ⁇ is a 4A type, a commonly used one can be used. In addition, adsorption efficiency can be improved by adsorbing impurities under pressures exceeding atmospheric pressure.
- adsorption capacity of molecular sieve ⁇ and activated carbon ⁇ is reduced, adsorption is performed by passing the inside of the adsorber 2 to the atmospheric pressure region.
- the molecular sieve ⁇ and the activated carbon ⁇ can be regenerated by exhausting the gas remaining in the vessel 2 and then raising the internal temperature of the adsorber 2 and causing the regeneration gas to flow through the adsorber 2.
- the purification apparatus 1 of the above embodiment high-purity propane was purified from low-purity propane under the following conditions.
- the first adsorption tower 2a was a circular tube having a diameter of 28.4 mm and a height of 1000 mm, and was filled with molecular sieve ⁇ from the lower end to a position of 980 mm.
- molecular sieve ⁇ 4A type granular molecular sieve activated carbon (manufactured by Nippon Enviro Chemicals, CMS-4A-B) having a diameter of 2.3 mm was used.
- the second adsorption tower 2b was a circular tube having a diameter of 28.4 mm and a height of 1000 mm, and was filled with activated carbon ⁇ from the lower end to a position of 980 mm.
- activated carbon ⁇ coconut shell crushed charcoal (Kuraray Chemical, Kuraray Coal GG) having a particle size of 10 to 20 mesh was used.
- high-purity propane containing ethane less than 0.1 volppm, propylene less than 0.1 volppm, isobutane less than 0.1 volppm, and normal butane less than 1 volppm was introduced into the adsorber 2, and was brought to atmospheric pressure before the pressure accumulation step.
- the helium, which is a regeneration gas, filled in the adsorber 2 is replaced, and the helium concentration measured by a gas chromatograph thermal conductivity detector (GC-TCD) is set to 1 vol% or less.
- the adsorption pressure in the adsorption towers 2a and 2b was set to 0.50 MPa as a gauge pressure.
- gaseous low-purity propane containing ethane 6868 volppm, propylene 3961 volppm, isobutane 2820 volppm, and normal butane 2210 volppm was introduced into the adsorber 2 to purify high-purity propane.
- the set pressure of the pressure regulator 5 is 0.53 MPa as a gauge pressure
- the set flow rate of the flow rate regulator 4 is 570 mL / min in a standard state
- the temperature in both adsorption towers 2a and 2b is room temperature
- the purification time is 250 minutes. It was.
- FIG. 2 shows the change over time in the purity (vol%) of purified propane recovered from the gas recovery port 2d in the purification step, and the change over time in the concentration (vol ppm) of each impurity contained in the purified propane.
- the purified propane purity and each impurity concentration were measured with a gas chromatograph hydrogen flame ionization detector (GC-FID).
- the time from the start of purification to the breakthrough is 107 minutes for ethane, 91 minutes for isobutane, Normal butane was 225 minutes and propylene did not break through within the purification time.
- the purification time is 91 minutes, high purity of ethane 0.1 volppm, propylene less than 0.1 volppm, isobutane 0.2 volppm, normal butane less than 0.1 volppm and a purity of 99.999 vol% or more Propane could be purified.
- the amount of high-purity propane obtained was 102 g, and the yield was 51.3%.
- Example 2 Low under the same conditions as in Example 1 except that the adsorption pressure is set to 0.60 MPa by the back pressure regulator 9 in the initial adsorption process and the set pressure of the pressure regulator 5 is set to 0.62 MPa in the purification process.
- High purity propane was purified from purity propane.
- FIG. 3 shows the change over time in the purity (vol%) of purified propane recovered from the gas recovery port 2d in the purification step, and the change over time in the concentration (vol ppm) of each impurity contained in the purified propane.
- the purified propane purity and each impurity concentration were measured with a gas chromatograph hydrogen flame ionization detector (GC-FID).
- the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments and examples.
- the low-purity propane to which the present invention is applied is assumed to contain ethane, propylene, isobutane, and normal butane as impurities in the above examples, but the impurity concentration in the low-purity propane varies. Any material may be used as long as it contains at least one of ethane and propylene and at least one of normal butane and isobutane as impurities.
- the low purity propane to which the present invention is applied may contain impurities other than ethane, propylene, isobutane, and normal butane.
- isobutane and / or normal butane is adsorbed by activated carbon ⁇ after adsorption of ethane and / or propylene by molecular sieve ⁇ .
- the order of adsorption is reversed by switching the arrangement of first adsorption tower 2a and second adsorption tower 2b. It may be.
- the order of adsorption of ethane and / or propylene with a molecular sieve and adsorption of isobutane and / or normal butane with activated carbon is not limited.
- the molecular sieve ⁇ and the activated carbon ⁇ are packed in the separate adsorption towers 2a and 2b, but the adsorber may be configured by a single adsorption tower filled with the molecular sieve and the activated carbon.
- the molecular sieve and the activated carbon may be stacked in layers without mixing in a single adsorption tower, or may be mixed.
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Abstract
Description
すなわち、分子篩の細孔の有効孔径を、細孔内にイソブタン、ノルマルブタンの分子を入り込ませる値に設定すると、プロパン分子も細孔内に入り込んでしまうため、分子篩のみで不純物をプロパンから分離させることはできない。一方、エタン、プロピレンはイソブタン、ノルマルブタンに比べて活性炭に吸着し難い。そのため、分子篩機能のない活性炭のみで不純物を吸着した場合、吸着剤にイソブタン、ノルマルブタンが優先して吸着されてエタン、プロピレンの吸着が阻まれるため、活性炭のみで不純物をプロパンから分離させることもできない。特にエタンはイソブタン、ノルマルブタンに比べて分子量が小さく活性炭への吸着力が弱いことから、活性炭のみでプロパンから分離させるのは困難である。
本発明方法は、エタン及び/又はプロピレン、並びに、イソブタン及び/又はノルマルブタンを不純物として含む低純度プロパンを高純度化するための精製方法において、吸着器に、エタン及び/又はプロピレンをプロパンよりも優先して吸着する分子篩と、イソブタン及び/又はノルマルブタンをプロパンよりも優先して吸着する活性炭を充填し、次に、前記吸着器にガス状の前記低純度プロパンを導入することで、前記分子篩と前記活性炭により前記不純物を吸着し、次に、前記吸着器を通過したガスを高純度プロパンとして回収することを特徴とする。
これにより、イソブタン、ノルマルブタンに比べて活性炭に吸着し難いエタン及び/又はプロピレンを、分子篩によってプロパンから分離させる。また、イソブタン及び/又はノルマルブタンは、プロパンよりも分子量が大きくファンデルワールス力が大きいため活性炭への吸着力が強いことから、イソブタン及び/又はノルマルブタンを活性炭によってプロパンから分離させる。これにより、吸着器を通過したガスを高純度プロパンとして回収できる。
本発明装置によれば本発明方法を実施できる。
この場合に本発明方法を実施するため、本発明装置は、前記ガス導入口を、前記低純度プロパンの供給源および大気圧領域の中の何れかに択一的に接続する第1接続切替機構と、前記ガス回収口を、前記回収容器および再生用ガスの供給源の中の何れかに択一的に接続する第2接続切替機構と、前記吸着器の内部圧力を調整する背圧調整器と、前記吸着器の内部温度を調整する温度調整器とを備えるのが好ましい。
第1吸着塔2aは直径28.4mm、高さ1000mmの円管状とし、その下端から980mmの位置まで分子篩αを充填した。分子篩αとして直径2.3mmの4A型粒状分子篩活性炭(日本エンバイロケミカルズ製、CMS-4A-B)を用いた。第2吸着塔2bは直径28.4mm、高さ1000mmの円管状とし、その下端から980mmの位置まで活性炭βを充填した。活性炭βとして粒度が10~20メッシュのヤシ殻破砕炭(クラレケミカル製、クラレコールGG)を用いた。
初期吸着工程として、エタン0.1volppm未満、プロピレン0.1volppm未満、イソブタン0.1volppm未満、ノルマルブタン1volppm未満を含有する高純度プロパンを吸着器2に導入し、蓄圧工程前に大気圧とされた吸着器2内に充填されていた再生用ガスであるヘリウムを置換し、ガスクロマトグラフ熱伝導度型検出器(GC-TCD)により測定したヘリウム濃度を1vol%以下とし、背圧調整器9により両吸着塔2a、2b内の吸着圧力をゲージ圧で0.50MPaに設定した。
次に精製工程として、エタン6868volppm、プロピレン3961volppm、イソブタン2820volppm、ノルマルブタン2210volppmを含有するガス状の低純度プロパンを吸着器2に導入し、高純度プロパンを精製した。この際、圧力調整器5の設定圧をゲージ圧で0.53MPa、流量調整器4の設定流量を標準状態で570mL/min、両吸着塔2a、2b内の温度を室温、精製時間を250分とした。
図2は、精製工程においてガス回収口2dから回収された精製プロパンの純度(vol%)の経時変化と、その精製プロパンに含有される各不純物の濃度(volppm)の経時変化を示す。その精製プロパン純度と各不純物濃度はガスクロマトグラフ水素炎イオン化型検出器(GC-FID)により測定した。各不純物濃度の測定値が1volppmに達した時点を各不純物についての吸着剤の破過時点であるとした場合、精製開始から破過するまでの時間は、エタンが107分、イソブタンが91分、ノルマルブタンが225分であり、プロピレンは精製時間内に破過しなかった。
実施例1によれば、精製時間を91分とすれば、エタン0.1volppm、プロピレン0.1volppm未満、イソブタン0.2volppm、ノルマルブタン0.1volppm未満を含有する純度99.999vol%以上の高純度プロパンを精製できた。この場合の高純度プロパンの取得量は102g、収率は51.3%であった。
図3は、精製工程においてガス回収口2dから回収された精製プロパンの純度(vol%)の経時変化と、その精製プロパンに含有される各不純物の濃度(volppm)の経時変化を示す。その精製プロパン純度と各不純物濃度はガスクロマトグラフ水素炎イオン化型検出器(GC-FID)により測定した。各不純物濃度の測定値が1volppmに達した時点を各不純物についての吸着剤の破過時点であるとした場合、精製開始から破過するまでの時間は、エタンが119分、イソブタンが129分、ノルマルブタンが228分であり、プロピレンは精製時間内に破過しなかった。
実施例2によれば、精製時間を121分とすれば、エタン0.4volppm、プロピレン0.1volppm未満、イソブタン0.1volppm未満、ノルマルブタン0.1volppm未満を含有する純度99.999vol%以上の高純度プロパンを精製できた。この場合の高純度プロパンの取得量は135g、収率は52.6%であった。
Claims (7)
- エタン及び/又はプロピレン、並びに、イソブタン及び/又はノルマルブタンを不純物として含む低純度プロパンを高純度化するための精製方法において、
吸着器に、エタン及び/又はプロピレンをプロパンよりも優先して吸着する分子篩と、イソブタン及び/又はノルマルブタンをプロパンよりも優先して吸着する活性炭を充填し、
次に、前記吸着器にガス状の前記低純度プロパンを導入することで、前記分子篩と前記活性炭により前記不純物を吸着し、
次に、前記吸着器を通過したガスを高純度プロパンとして回収することを特徴とするプロパンの精製方法。 - 前記分子篩は4A型とされている請求項1に記載のプロパンの精製方法。
- 前記低純度プロパンを前記吸着器のガス導入口から導入すると共に前記高純度プロパンを前記吸着器のガス回収口から回収することで、大気圧を超える圧力下で前記不純物を吸着すると共に前記高純度プロパンを回収し、
前記高純度プロパンを回収した後に前記吸着器の内圧が大気圧になるように、前記吸着器の内部を前記ガス導入口を介して大気圧領域に通じさせることで、前記吸着器内に残存するガスを大気圧領域に排気し、
しかる後に、前記吸着器において内部温度を上昇させると共に前記ガス回収口から前記ガス導入口に向かい再生用ガスを流通させる請求項1に記載のプロパンの精製方法。 - 前記低純度プロパンを前記吸着器のガス導入口から導入すると共に前記高純度プロパンを前記吸着器のガス回収口から回収することで、大気圧を超える圧力下で前記不純物を吸着すると共に前記高純度プロパンを回収し、
前記高純度プロパンを回収した後に前記吸着器の内圧が大気圧になるように、前記吸着器の内部を前記ガス導入口を介して大気圧領域に通じさせることで、前記吸着器内に残存するガスを大気圧領域に排気し、
しかる後に、前記吸着器において内部温度を上昇させると共に前記ガス回収口から前記ガス導入口に向かい再生用ガスを流通させる請求項2に記載のプロパンの精製方法。 - 回収する前記高純度プロパンの純度が99.9vol%以上である請求項1~4の中の何れか1項に記載のプロパンの精製方法。
- エタン及び/又はプロピレン、並びに、イソブタン及び/又はノルマルブタンを不純物として含む低純度プロパンを高純度化するための精製装置において、
エタン及び/又はプロピレンをプロパンよりも優先して吸着する分子篩と、イソブタン及び/又はノルマルブタンをプロパンよりも優先して吸着する活性炭を充填した吸着器を備え、
前記吸着器は、前記低純度プロパンの供給源に接続されるガス導入口と、高純度プロパンの回収容器に接続されるガス回収口を有し、
前記ガス導入口から前記吸着器に導入されたガス状の前記低純度プロパンに含まれる前記不純物が前記分子篩と前記活性炭によって吸着されることで、前記吸着器を通過したガスが高純度プロパンとして前記ガス回収口を介して前記回収容器に回収されることを特徴とするプロパンの精製装置。 - 前記ガス導入口を、前記低純度プロパンの供給源および大気圧領域の中の何れかに択一的に接続する第1接続切替機構と、
前記ガス回収口を、前記回収容器および再生用ガスの供給源の中の何れかに択一的に接続する第2接続切替機構と、
前記吸着器の内部圧力を調整する背圧調整器と、
前記吸着器の内部温度を調整する温度調整器とを備える請求項6に記載のプロパンの精製装置。
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