WO2011160583A1 - 一种单缸插销式伸缩臂装置和插销互锁装置 - Google Patents

一种单缸插销式伸缩臂装置和插销互锁装置 Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2011160583A1
WO2011160583A1 PCT/CN2011/076096 CN2011076096W WO2011160583A1 WO 2011160583 A1 WO2011160583 A1 WO 2011160583A1 CN 2011076096 W CN2011076096 W CN 2011076096W WO 2011160583 A1 WO2011160583 A1 WO 2011160583A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
arm
pin
cylinder
sleeve
latch
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2011/076096
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
查铂
柳志勇
马胜
Original Assignee
湖南三一智能控制设备有限公司
三一汽车起重机械有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 湖南三一智能控制设备有限公司, 三一汽车起重机械有限公司 filed Critical 湖南三一智能控制设备有限公司
Publication of WO2011160583A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011160583A1/zh

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
    • B66C23/00—Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes
    • B66C23/62—Constructional features or details
    • B66C23/64—Jibs
    • B66C23/70—Jibs constructed of sections adapted to be assembled to form jibs or various lengths
    • B66C23/701—Jibs constructed of sections adapted to be assembled to form jibs or various lengths telescopic
    • B66C23/708—Jibs constructed of sections adapted to be assembled to form jibs or various lengths telescopic locking devices for telescopic jibs

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of construction machinery, and more particularly to a latch interlocking device for a single cylinder latch type telescopic arm device.
  • the present invention also relates to a single cylinder latch type telescopic arm device including the above-described latch interlocking device.
  • the telescopic arm is an important part of the crane.
  • the load on the hoist is realized by the telescopic arm, and its advantages and disadvantages will greatly affect the performance of the construction crane.
  • Large P-clamp cranes typically use a single-cylinder bolt-type telescopic boom.
  • the device is driven by a telescopic cylinder, the cylinder of the telescopic cylinder has a cylinder pin and a plugging device, and is selectively connectable between the cylinder pin and any of the telescopic arms, and the end of the cylinder rod is fixed to the arm of the basic arm. tail.
  • the cylinder pin is first locked with the distal arm, and the arm pin between the distal arm and the adjacent pitch arm is opened, and the other arm pins are locked, and the cylinder is extended.
  • the arm pin between the last arm and the adjacent arm is relocked, the cylinder pin is unlocked, the cylinder is retracted, and the cylinder pin is locked to the section adjacent to the last arm.
  • the arm extending adjacent to the last arm extends relative to the basic arm; the above process is repeated to realize the sequential extension of each arm.
  • the arms of each section are connected to the other arm by arm pins or by cylinder pins.
  • the retraction of the telescopic arms of the respective sections relative to the basic arms can be achieved by the same principle. If the arm pin and the cylinder pin are unlocked at the same time, that is, the lock between the arm and the arm and the telescopic cylinder is simultaneously released, the arm will fall off due to the loss of the constraint, which is extremely dangerous, therefore, when When the arm pin is unlocked between the arms, the arm and the telescopic cylinder must be in a reliable locked state. Conversely, when the cylinder pin between the arm and the telescopic cylinder is unlocked, the arm pin between the arms must be reliably locked. State, in In the single-cylinder pin type telescopic arm structure, an interlocking device for the arm pin and the cylinder pin is usually required.
  • the arm pin and the cylinder pin are interlocked by electric or hydraulic driving.
  • the arm pin and the cylinder pin are controlled by electric signals, and the cylinder pin is controlled.
  • the electrical signal of the arm pin does not function at the same time to realize the electrical interlock between the arm pin and the cylinder pin.
  • the hydraulic driving mode the arm pin and the cylinder pin are controlled by the reversing valve, and the pin pin and the pin pin are respectively pulled out.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a latch interlocking device for a single cylinder latch type telescopic arm device which can improve the interlocking reliability of the arm pin and the cylinder pin and has a low production cost.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a single cylinder latch type telescopic arm device including the above-described latch interlocking device.
  • the present invention provides a latch interlocking device for a single cylinder latch type telescopic arm device, comprising a sleeve assembled on a telescopic cylinder of a single cylinder latch type telescopic arm device, outside the sleeve a circumferential wall is provided with a groove, and an arm pin insertion and assembly member is provided; when the cylinder pin of the single cylinder plug type telescopic arm device is in an unlocked state, an inner end portion thereof is located in the groove, and the sleeve is restrained The axis is rotated; in the locked state, the inner end of the cylinder pin is disengaged from the groove, and the sleeve can be rotated about its axis under the action of the driving component, and the arm pin insertion and removal component is driven Pull out the arm pin of the single cylinder latch telescopic arm unit.
  • the outer peripheral wall of the sleeve restricts the inner end of the cylinder pin from retracting.
  • the arm pin insertion and removal member and the groove are in a wrong position in the circumferential direction of the sleeve Leaving.
  • the arm pin insertion and extraction member is an arm pin hook, and the arm pin hook is gradually opened outward in the radial direction of the sleeve.
  • the number of the arm pins is four, and is distributed along the circumferential direction of the pitch arms.
  • the number of the arm pin hooks is the same as the number of the arm pins, and is evenly distributed along the circumferential direction of the sleeve.
  • the end of the arm pin adjacent to the arm pin is mounted with a hook, the axis of the hook is substantially perpendicular to the axis of the arm pin, and the arm pin passes through the hook The arm pin is pulled out of its pin hole.
  • a spring in a compressed state is mounted between the arm pin and the respective said arm, said arm pin having a tendency to move in a direction away from the axis of the pitch arm by the action of the spring.
  • the number of the grooves is two, and the two grooves are hooked in the circumferential direction of the sleeve.
  • the cylinder pin includes a main body portion and a boss portion, and the cylinder pin is inserted into the recess through the boss portion.
  • the present invention also provides a single cylinder latch type telescopic arm device comprising the latch interlocking device according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the latch interlocking device is disposed outside the telescopic cylinder.
  • the latch interlocking device for a single cylinder latch type telescopic arm device comprises a sleeve rotatable about its own axis under the driving of a power component, and the sleeve is provided with a slot capable of receiving the cylinder pin.
  • the inner end of the cylinder pin may be located in the slot, and the outer peripheral wall of the sleeve is fixedly connected with the arm pin insertion and unloading member.
  • the driving member rotates around its axis, the sleeve drives the arm pin insertion and extraction member to pull out the arm. pin.
  • the arm pin is locked and the cylinder pin is opened for the initial position of operation.
  • the cylinder pin is inserted into the groove, and the arm pin is located in the pin hole of the adjacent two arm, due to the pin of the arm pin insertion and removal member The action is carried out by the sleeve.
  • the cylinder pin limits the rotation of the sleeve about its axial direction, so that the sleeve cannot drive the arm pin.
  • the pulling part completes the pulling action, so that the arm pin cannot be unlocked, so that the arm pin is reliably locked between the two arms;
  • the arm pin insertion and removal part is driven Gradually pull out the arm pin, when the cylinder pin is pulled out of the groove and abuts against the outer circumference of the sleeve
  • the arm pin insertion and extraction member pulls out the arm pin.
  • the sleeve restricts the movement of the cylinder pin in its own axial direction, so that the cylinder pin cannot be unlocked, thereby being reliably locked to the telescopic cylinder and the predetermined pitch arm. between.
  • the latch interlock device realizes the interlock between the cylinder pin and the arm pin through the above mechanism, the mechanism does not need complicated hydraulic circuit and electric circuit, the structure is relatively simple, the production cost is low, and the work reliability Higher.
  • the arm pin insertion and extraction member is an arm pin hook, and the arm pin hook is gradually opened outward in the radial direction of the sleeve.
  • the structure of the arm pin hook is relatively simple, and the production process is relatively simple, thereby further reducing the production cost of the latch interlock device provided by the present invention.
  • the number of the grooves may be two, and the two grooves are uniformly formed in the circumferential direction of the sleeve.
  • the cylinder pins on the telescopic cylinder are generally provided with two, correspondingly, the above grooves are provided with two, which can meet the general use requirements, thereby improving the application range of the bolt interlock device. , improved its applicability.
  • FIG. 1 is a partial perspective view showing a cylinder pin unlocked in a specific embodiment of the latch interlocking device provided by the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a perspective view of the latch interlocking device of Figure 1 when the cylinder pin is locked;
  • Figure 3 is a schematic view showing the structure of the latch interlocking device shown in Figure 1 in a plan view;
  • Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of Figure 3;
  • Fig. 5 is a structural schematic view showing a specific embodiment of an arm pin insertion and removal member in the latch interlocking device provided by the present invention.
  • the core of the present invention is to provide a latch interlocking device for a single cylinder latch type telescopic arm device which can improve the interlocking reliability of the arm pin and the cylinder pin and has a low production cost.
  • Another core of the present invention is to provide a single cylinder latch telescopic arm assembly including the above described latch interlock.
  • FIG. 1 is a partial perspective view of a latch pin interlocking device according to an embodiment of the present invention, in which a cylinder pin is unlocked;
  • FIG. 2 is a latch interlock shown in FIG. 1 .
  • 3 is a perspective view of the latch interlocking device shown in FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the plug AA of FIG.
  • the latch interlock device provided by the present invention is used for a single cylinder latch type telescopic arm device (hereinafter referred to as a telescopic arm device), and the telescopic arm device includes at least two sections mounted on a crane body
  • the arm and the arm are sequentially assembled and can respectively extend or retract relative to the upper arm thereof, and a telescopic cylinder 1 is installed inside the last arm, and the telescopic cylinder 1 is used for powering the telescopic expansion of the arm
  • a cylinder pin 2 is mounted on the telescopic cylinder 1 for selectively locking the telescopic cylinder 1 with one of the arm arms, and an arm pin 3, a cylinder pin 2 and an arm are mounted between adjacent arm arms The pin 3 can be locked or unlocked respectively.
  • the cylinder pin 2 When a section arm is extended relative to the upper section arm thereof, the cylinder pin 2 is first locked with the joint arm, so that the joint arm and the telescopic cylinder 1 to be extended are extended. The fixed connection, and then the arm pin 3 between the joint arm and the adjacent joint arm is opened, the arm pin 3 between the other joint arms is locked, the cylinder of the telescopic cylinder 1 is extended, thereby driving the joint arm extension Out; after the knot arm reaches the predetermined position Relocking the arm pin 3 between the joint arm and the adjacent pitch arm, the cylinder pin 2 is unlocked, the locking relationship between the extended joint arm and the telescopic cylinder 1 is released, and the cylinder is retracted; the latch interlocking device includes a sleeve 4 is disposed on the outer side of the telescopic cylinder 1.
  • the outer peripheral wall of the sleeve 4 is provided with a positioning groove 5, and the inner end of the cylinder pin 2 abuts against the outer peripheral wall of the sleeve 4 or in the groove 5.
  • the inner end of the cylinder pin 2 may also have an appropriate distance from the outer peripheral wall of the sleeve 4; the outer peripheral wall of the sleeve 4 is fixedly coupled with the arm pin insertion and extraction member, and when rotated around its axis under the action of the driving member, The sleeve 4 drives the arm pin insertion member to pull out the arm pin 3; when the arm pin 3 is pulled out, the inner end portion of the cylinder pin 2 abuts against the outer peripheral wall of the sleeve 4, or maintains an appropriate distance from the outer peripheral wall of the sleeve 4. .
  • the outer peripheral wall of the sleeve 4 restricts the inner end of the cylinder pin from retracting when the arm pin 3 is pulled out.
  • the number of the above-mentioned cylinder pins 2 may be two, and is substantially uniformly arranged along the cylinder circumference of the cylinder 1 so as to be When the cylinder pin 2 is locked, a relatively uniform force can be applied to the pitch arm in the circumferential direction to ensure the accuracy of the pitch arm extending in the axial direction.
  • the number of the cylinder pins 2 is not limited to two, and it may be three or more.
  • the number of the grooves 5 described above may be two, and the two grooves 5 are uniformly formed in the circumferential direction of the sleeve 4. Since in the telescopic arm device, the cylinder pin 2 on the telescopic cylinder is generally provided with two, correspondingly, the above-mentioned recess 5 is provided with two, which can meet the general use requirements, thereby improving the application range of the latch interlock device. , improved its applicability.
  • the number of the grooves 5 is not limited to two. When the number of the cylinder pins 2 changes, the number of the grooves 5 should also change correspondingly. Generally, the number of the grooves 5 should be no less than The number of cylinder pins 2, as well as the strength requirements of the sleeve 4, is also taken into consideration to avoid the strength of the sleeve 4 being affected by the presence of too many grooves 5 in the sleeve 4.
  • the cylinder pin 2 may further include a main body portion and a boss portion, and the cylinder pin 2 is inserted into the recessed portion 5 through the boss portion thereof to improve the torsional resistance of the cylinder pin 2 and extend the service life of the cylinder pin 2.
  • the cylinder pin 2 and the arm pin 3 can be prevented from being simultaneously unlocked by disengaging the arm pin insertion member from the position of the groove 5 in the circumferential direction of the sleeve 4.
  • the relative position of the recess 5 to the arm pin insertion member can also be changed in other conventional manners, as long as the arm pin 2 cannot be positioned in the recess 5 when the arm pin insertion member is pulled out of the arm pin 3.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of a specific embodiment of an arm pin insertion and removal member in the telescopic arm device provided by the present invention.
  • the above-described arm pin insertion and extraction member may be an arm pin hook 6, and the arm pin hook 6 is gradually opened outward in the radial direction of the sleeve 4.
  • the structure of the arm pin hook 6 is relatively simple, and the production process is relatively simple, thereby further reducing the production cost of the latch interlocking device provided by the present invention.
  • the number of the arm pins 3 described above may be four and evenly distributed along the circumferential direction of the pitch arms to ensure uniform locking force of the arm pins 3 to the pitch arms, and to avoid tilting of the arm arms due to uneven force.
  • the number of the arm pins 3 is not limited to four, and may be three or two, or may be more than four, as the use permits.
  • the number of the above-mentioned arm pin hooks 6 is the same as the number of the arm pins 3, and is evenly distributed along the circumferential direction of the sleeve 4, thus ensuring that each of the arm pins 3 has a corresponding arm pin hook for providing the pulling force. Improve the performance of the device.
  • the number of arm pin hooks 6 is at least equal to that of the arm pin 3.
  • the number is equal, that is, the number of the arm pin hooks 6 may be more than the number of the arm pins 3.
  • the surface of the arm pin hook 6 in contact with the arm pin 3 may be processed into an arc shape, and the radius of the arc near the side of the substrate is smaller than the radius of the side away from the substrate, that is, an arc similar to the form of the involute, through the arm
  • the sliding of the pin 3 on the curved portion effects axial movement of the arm pin 3; it is also possible to machine the surface in contact with each other into a parabolic form of a suitable form so as to be able to drive the arm pin 3 for axial movement.
  • the arm pin 3 may be mounted with a hook on the end near the arm pin 6, the axis of the hook is substantially perpendicular to the axis of the arm pin 3, and the arm pin 6 passes the hook pin 3 from the pin hole thereof through the hook Pull out so that the arm pin 6 can more easily pull out the arm pin 3.
  • a spring in a compressed state is mounted between the arm pin 3 and the corresponding pitch arm, and the arm pin 3 has a tendency to move away from the axis of the pitch arm under the action of the spring.
  • the arm pin 3 When the arm pin 3 is not subjected to the arm pin insertion and removal member When it acts, it can move in the direction of the locking of the arm pin under the action of the spring, or has a tendency to move in the locking direction, so that the locking state is more reliable when the arm pin 3 is in the locked state.
  • the above-described arm pin insertion/removal member is not limited to the form of the arm pin hook 6, and the arm pin insertion member may be other power components conventionally used in the art such as a cylinder or a motor.
  • the rotation of the sleeve 4 about its own axis can be realized under the driving of the driving component.
  • the driving component can be various types of motors with appropriate output rotational speeds, hydraulic motors, etc., and its main function is sleeve 4
  • the rotation provides an appropriate amount of driving force, and the specific form of the driving member should not be limited by the specification as long as the usage requirement can be achieved.
  • the sleeve 4 is rotatable about its own axis in accordance with a predetermined rotational speed and rotational direction. Having a predetermined rotational speed and rotational direction means that depending on the structural form and volume of the telescopic arm device, and the difference in motion under different operating conditions, the rotational speed and rotational direction of the sleeve 4 may be different, and the specific rotational speed and The direction of rotation should be determined according to the actual use requirements, and is not limited here.
  • the arm pin 3 is locked and the cylinder pin 2 is opened to be the initial position of operation.
  • the cylinder pin 2 is inserted into the groove 5, and the arm pin 3 is located in the pin hole on the adjacent two-section arms due to the arm pin insertion.
  • the pulling action of the pulling member is completed by the sleeve 4.
  • the cylinder pin 2 limits the sleeve 4 around its axial direction.
  • the arm pin insertion member When the cylinder pin 2 is pulled out from the groove 5 and abuts against the outer peripheral wall of the sleeve 4, the arm pin insertion member will arm the pin 3 Pulling out, at this time, since the cylinder pin 2 abuts against the outer peripheral wall of the sleeve 4, the sleeve 4 restricts the movement of the cylinder pin 2 in its own axial direction, so that the cylinder pin 2 cannot be unlocked, thereby being reliably locked to Between the telescopic cylinder 1 and the predetermined pitch arm. Thus, it is ensured that one of the cylinder pin 2 and the arm pin 3 is in the unlocked state during the work, and the other can be reliably in the locked state.
  • the latch interlocking device realized by the invention realizes the interlock between the cylinder pin 2 and the arm pin 3 through the above mechanism, the mechanism does not need complicated hydraulic circuit and electric circuit, the structure is relatively simple, the production cost is low, and the work High reliability.
  • the present invention also provides a single-cylinder latch type telescopic arm device including the above-mentioned latch interlocking device.
  • a single-cylinder latch type telescopic arm device including the above-mentioned latch interlocking device.
  • the other parts of the single-cylinder latch type telescopic arm device please refer to the prior art. Let me repeat.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Jib Cranes (AREA)

Abstract

公开了一种插销互锁装置，其包括套装于伸缩油缸（1）上的套筒（4），所述套筒（4）的外圆周壁上设置有凹槽（5)和臂销插拔部件（6)；当缸销（2）处于解锁状态下，缸销（2)的内端部位于所述凹槽（5）中，并限制所述套筒（4）绕其轴线自转；当所述缸销（2）处于锁定状态下，所述缸销（2)的内端部脱离所述凹槽（5），且所述套筒（4）能够在驱动部件的作用下绕其轴线自转，并带动所述臂销插拔部件（6）拔出臂销（3）。通过该装置实现了缸销和臂销之间的互锁，且该装置无需繁琐的液压回路和电气线路，结构较为简单，生产成本较低，工作可靠性较高。还公开了一种使用上述插销互锁装置的单缸插销式伸缩臂装置。

Description

一种单缸插销式伸缩臂装置和插销互锁装置 本申请要求于 2010 年 6 月 22 日提交中国专利局、 申请号为 201010212167.6、 发明名称为"一种单缸插销式伸缩臂装置和插销互锁装 置"的中国专利申请的优先权， 其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。 技术领域
本发明涉及工程机械领域， 特别涉及一种用于单缸插销式伸缩臂装置 的插销互锁装置。 本发明还涉及一种包括上述插销互锁装置的单缸插销式 伸缩臂装置。
背景技术
随着我国经济建设的快速发展，市场对于各种起重机的需求日益增大。 伸缩臂是起重机的重要部件，吊重时的承载均是通过伸缩臂来实现的， 其优劣会在很大程度上影响工程起重机的使用性能。
较大 P屯位的起重机一般采用单缸插销式伸缩臂装置。 该种装置由一根 伸缩油缸驱动， 伸缩油缸的缸筒具有缸销和插拔装置， 通过缸销与任一节 伸缩臂之间可选择地连接， 且其缸杆末端固定在基本臂的臂尾。
当需要各节伸缩臂相对于基本臂伸出时， 缸销首先与末节臂锁定， 且 末节臂与相邻节臂之间的臂销打开， 其他各臂销均锁定， 缸筒伸出， 从而 带动末节臂伸出； 末节臂达到预定的位置后， 重新锁住末节臂与相邻节臂 之间的臂销， 缸销解锁， 缸筒收回， 再使缸销锁定与末节臂相邻的节臂， 通过同样的方式， 使与末节臂相邻的节臂相对于基本臂伸出； 重复以上过 程， 即可实现各节臂的依次伸出。 显然地， 在正常的工作状态下， 各节臂 分别通过臂销与其他节臂连接， 或者通过缸销与油缸连接。 以相同的原理 可以实现各节伸缩臂相对于基本臂的缩回。 如果出现臂销、 缸销同时解除 锁定， 也即节臂间及节臂与伸缩油缸之间的锁定同时解除， 节臂将由于失 去约束而发生脱落， 这种情况是极其危险的， 因此， 当臂销解除节臂间锁 定时， 节臂与伸缩油缸必须处于可靠的锁定状态， 反之， 当节臂与伸缩油 缸之间的缸销解除锁定时， 节臂之间的臂销必须处于可靠的锁定状态， 在 单缸插销式伸缩臂结构中， 通常需要安装臂销和缸销的互锁装置。
在典型的单缸插销式伸缩臂装置中， 使用电气或者液压驱动的方式实 现臂销及缸销的互锁； 在电气驱动方式中， 臂销和缸销均由电信号控制， 通过控制缸销和臂销的电信号不同时起作用， 以实现臂销与缸销的电气互 锁； 在液压驱动方式中， 臂销和缸销通过换向阀控制， 臂销和缸销的拔销 动作分别由换向阀的两个工作位控制，当换向阀在对应于臂销的工作位时， 切断换向阀对应于缸销拔销油缸的供油， 反之亦然， 从而实现液压互锁。 上述电气和液压的方法可以在一定程度上避免臂销和缸销同时缩回，但是， 由于起重臂全部伸出时总长度较大， 使得液压回路和电气线路较长， 不仅 使得单缸插销伸缩臂装置的成本较高， 且较容易出现故障， 臂销和缸销的 互锁可靠性较差。
因此， 如何降低单缸插销伸缩臂装置的生产成本， 并且提高臂销和缸 销的互锁可靠性就成为本领域技术人员亟须解决的问题。 发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种用于单缸插销式伸缩臂装置的插销互锁装 置， 其能够提高臂销和缸销的互锁可靠性， 且具有较低的生产成本。 本发 明的另一目的是提供一种包括上述插销互锁装置的单缸插销式伸缩臂装 置。
为解决上述技术问题， 本发明提供一种用于单缸插销式伸缩臂装置的 插销互锁装置， 包括套装于单缸插销式伸缩臂装置的伸缩油缸上的套筒， 所述套筒的外圓周壁上设置有凹槽， 并设有臂销插拔部件； 单缸插销式伸 缩臂装置的缸销处于解锁状态时， 其内端部位于所述凹槽中， 并限制所述 套筒绕其轴线自转； 处于锁定状态下， 所述缸销的内端部脱离所述凹槽， 且所述套筒能够在驱动部件的作用下可绕其轴线自转， 并带动所述臂销插 拔部件拔出单缸插销式伸缩臂装置的臂销。
优选地， 所述缸销处于锁定状态时， 所述套筒的外周壁限制所述缸销 的内端部缩回。
优选地， 所述臂销插拔部件与所述 槽在所述套筒周向上的位置相错 离。
优选地， 所述臂销插拔部件为臂销勾， 所述臂销勾沿所述套筒的径向 向外渐开。
优选地， 所述臂销的数量为四个， 且沿所述节臂的周向均勾分布。 优选地， 所述臂销勾的数目与所述臂销的数目相同， 且沿所述套筒的 周向均匀分布。
优选地， 所述臂销靠近所述臂销勾的端部上安装有勾柱， 所述勾柱的 轴线与所述臂销的轴线大体垂直， 所述臂销勾通过所述勾柱将所述臂销自 其销孔中拔出。
优选地，所述臂销与相应的所述节臂之间安装有处于压缩状态的弹簧， 所述臂销在所述弹簧的作用下具有向远离所述节臂轴线的方向运动的趋 势。
优选地， 所述凹槽的数目为两个， 且两所述凹槽均勾地开设于所述套 筒的周向。
优选地， 所述缸销包括主体部和凸起部， 所述缸销通过所述凸起部插 装于所述凹槽。
本发明还提供一种单缸插销式伸缩臂装置， 包括上述任一项所述的插 销互锁装置， 该插销互锁装置套装于伸缩油缸外侧。
本发明所提供的用于单缸插销式伸缩臂装置的插销互锁装置， 包括能 够在动力部件的驱动下绕其自身轴线转动的套筒， 且套筒上开设有能够容 纳缸销的 槽， 解锁时缸销的内端部可以位于 槽中， 套筒的外周壁固定 连接有臂销插拔部件， 在驱动部件的作用下绕其轴线自转时， 套筒带动臂 销插拔部件拔出臂销。 以臂销锁定、 缸销打开为工作的初始位置， 此时， 缸销插装于上述凹槽中， 臂销位于相邻两节臂上的销孔中， 由于臂销插拔 部件的拔销动作是在套筒的带动下完成的， 此时， 由于缸销卡在套筒的径 向凹槽中， 缸销限制了套筒绕其轴向的转动， 从而使得套筒无法带动臂销 插拔部件完成拔销动作， 使得臂销无法解除锁定， 进而使得臂销可靠地锁 定于两节臂之间； 当缸销在动力部件的作用下绕其自身轴线转动时， 带动 臂销插拔部件逐渐将臂销拔出， 当缸销自凹槽中拔出并抵靠于套筒的外周 壁时， 臂销插拔部件将臂销拔出， 此时， 套筒限制了缸销在其自身轴向上 的运动， 使得缸销无法解除锁定， 从而可靠地锁定于伸缩油缸与预定节臂 之间。 这样， 保证了在工作过程中缸销和臂销两者中的一者如果处于解除 锁定的状态， 另一者能够可靠地处于锁定的状态。 本发明所提供的插销互 锁装置通过以上机构实现了缸销和臂销之间的互锁， 该机构无需繁瑣的液 压回路和电气线路， 结构较为筒单， 生产成本较低， 且工作可靠性较高。
在一种优选的实施方式中， 上述臂销插拔部件为臂销勾， 臂销勾沿所 述套筒的径向向外渐开。 臂销勾的结构较为筒单， 生产工艺较为筒单， 从 而进一步降低了本发明所提供的插销互锁装置的生产成本。
在另一种具体实施方式中， 上述凹槽的数目可以为两个， 且两凹槽均 匀地开设于套筒的周向。 在单缸插销式伸缩臂装置中， 伸缩油缸上的缸销 一般设置有两个， 相应的， 上述凹槽设置有两个， 能够满足普遍的使用要 求， 从而提高了插销互锁装置的适用范围， 提高了其适用性。
附图说明
图 1为本发明所提供插销互锁装置一种具体实施方式中缸销解除锁定 时的局部立体图；
图 2为图 1所示插销互锁装置在缸销锁定时的立体图；
图 3为图 1所示插销互锁装置的俯视方向的结构示意图；
图 4为图 3中 A-A方向的剖视示意图；
图 5为本发明所提供的插销互锁装置中臂销插拔部件一种具体实施方 式的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
本发明的核心是提供一种用于单缸插销式伸缩臂装置的插销互锁装 置， 其能够提高臂销和缸销的互锁可靠性， 且具有较低的生产成本。 本发 明的另一核心是提供一种包括上述插销互锁装置的单缸插销式伸缩臂装 置。
为了使本技术领域的人员更好地理解本发明的技术方案， 下面结合附 图和具体实施方式对本发明作进一步的详细说明。
请参考图 1、 图 2、 图 3以及图 4; 图 1为本发明所提供插销互锁装置 一种具体实施方式中缸销解除锁定时的局部立体图； 图 2为图 1所示插销 互锁装置在缸销锁定时的立体图； 图 3为图 1所示插销互锁装置的俯视方 向的结构示意图； 图 4为图 3中 A-A方向的剖视示意图。
在一种具体实施方式中， 本发明所提供的插销互锁装置用于单缸插销 式伸缩臂装置（以下筒称伸缩臂装置），该伸缩臂装置包括安装于起重机机 体上的至少两节节臂， 各节节臂依次套装且能够分别相对于其上一节节臂 伸出或者缩回， 在末节节臂的内部安装有伸缩油缸 1 , 该伸缩油缸 1用于 为节臂的伸缩提供动力； 伸缩油缸 1上安装有缸销 2, 该缸销 2用于可选 择地将伸缩油缸 1与其中一节节臂锁定， 各相邻节臂之间安装有臂销 3 , 缸销 2和臂销 3能够分别锁定或者解除锁定， 当某节节臂相对于其上一节 节臂伸出时， 缸销 2首先与该节节臂锁定， 令欲伸出的该节节臂与伸缩油 缸 1固定连接， 而后该节节臂与相邻节臂之间的臂销 3打开， 其他各节臂 之间的臂销 3均锁定， 伸缩油缸 1的缸筒伸出， 从而带动该节节臂伸出； 该节节臂达到预定的位置后， 重新锁住该节节臂与相邻节臂之间的臂销 3 , 缸销 2解锁，伸出后的节臂与伸缩油缸 1之间的锁定关系解除，缸筒收回； 插销互锁装置包括套装于伸缩油缸 1外侧的套筒 4, 该套筒 4的外周壁设 有起定位作用的凹槽 5 , 缸销 2的内端部抵靠于套筒 4的外周壁或者位于 凹槽 5中， 当然，缸销 2的内端部也可以与套筒 4的外周壁具有适当距离； 套筒 4的外周壁固定连接有臂销插拔部件， 在驱动部件的作用下绕其轴线 自转时， 套筒 4带动臂销插拔部件拔出臂销 3; 臂销 3被拔出时缸销 2的 内端部抵靠于套筒 4的外周壁， 或者与套筒 4的外周壁保持适当距离。 总 之， 臂销 3被拔出时套筒 4的外周壁限制所述缸销的内端部缩回。
需要指出的是， 对于圓柱体， 通常具有三个方向， 即： 垂直于顶壁和 底壁的轴线所在的轴向、 沿截面圓的半径方向延伸的径向， 以及位于横截 面上并环绕截面圓圓心的周向。对于正多边体等类似于圓柱体的其他柱体， 通常也可以通过上述概念表示相对应的方向。 本文即是如此。 上述缸销 2 的数量可以为两个， 且沿所述油缸 1的缸筒周向大体均匀地设置， 以便当 缸销 2锁定时， 能够在周向上对节臂施加较为均匀的力， 保证节臂沿轴向 伸出的精确度。 缸销 2的数目也不局限于两个， 其也可以为三个或者更多 个。
上述凹槽 5的数目可以为两个， 且两凹槽 5均匀地开设于套筒 4的周 向。 由于在伸缩臂装置中， 伸缩油缸上的缸销 2—般设置有两个， 相应的， 上述凹槽 5设置有两个， 能够满足普遍的使用要求， 从而提高了插销互锁 装置的适用范围， 提高了其适用性。
显然的， 上述凹槽 5的数目也不局限于两个， 当缸销 2的数目发生变 化时， 凹槽 5的数目也应相应的发生变化， 一般的， 凹槽 5的数目应不少 于缸销 2的数目， 同时也要考虑到套筒 4的强度要求， 避免由于在套筒 4 上开设过多的凹槽 5而影响套筒 4的强度。
上述缸销 2可以进一步包括主体部和凸起部， 缸销 2通过其凸起部插 装于上述凹槽 5 , 以便提高缸销 2的抗扭性能， 延长缸销 2的使用寿命。
可以通过使臂销插拔部件与凹槽 5在所述套筒 4周向上的位置相错离 的方式， 避免缸销 2和臂销 3同时解锁。 可也以采用其他常见方式改变凹 槽 5与臂销插拔部件的相对位置， 只要确保臂销插拔部件拔出臂销 3时， 缸销 2不能位于凹槽 5中即可。
请参考图 5 , 并请一并参考图 1至图 4, 图 5为本发明所提供的伸缩臂 装置中臂销插拔部件一种具体实施方式的结构示意图。
上述臂销插拔部件可以为臂销勾 6, 臂销勾 6沿所述套筒 4的径向向 外渐开。 臂销勾 6的结构较为筒单， 生产工艺较为筒单， 从而进一步降低 了本发明所提供的插销互锁装置的生产成本。
上述臂销 3的数量可以为四个， 且沿节臂的周向均匀分布， 以便保证 臂销 3对节臂的锁紧力的均匀， 避免节臂由于受力不均匀而造成的倾斜。 显然的， 臂销 3的数量也不局限于四个， 在使用情况允许时， 也可以为三 个或者两个， 或者可以多于四个。
上述臂销勾 6的数目与臂销 3的数目相同， 且沿套筒 4的周向均匀分 布， 这样， 保证了每一个臂销 3均有一个对应的臂销勾为其提供拔销力， 提高了装置的工作性能。 从理论上来讲， 臂销勾 6的数目至少与臂销 3的 数目相等即可， 也即臂销勾 6的数目可以多于臂销 3的数目。
上述臂销勾 6与臂销 3相接触的表面可以加工为弧形， 该弧形靠近基 板一侧的半径小于远离基板一侧的半径， 也即类似于渐开线形式的弧形， 通过臂销 3在弧形部上的滑动实现臂销 3的轴向运动； 也可以将两者相接 触的表面加工成适当形式的抛物线形式，以便能够驱动臂销 3作轴向运动。
上述臂销 3在靠近臂销勾 6的端部上可以安装有勾柱， 该勾柱的轴线 与臂销 3的轴线大体垂直， 臂销勾 6通过勾柱将臂销 3 自其销孔中拔出， 以便臂销勾 6更加方便地将臂销 3拔出。
上述臂销 3与相应的节臂之间安装有处于压缩状态的弹簧， 臂销 3在 弹簧的作用下具有向远离节臂轴线的方向运动的趋势， 当臂销 3没有受到 臂销插拔部件的作用时， 能够在弹簧的作用下向臂销锁定的方向运动， 或 者具有向锁定方向运动的趋势， 以便当臂销 3处于锁定状态时， 锁定状态 更加可靠。
上述臂销插拔部件也不局限于臂销勾 6的形式， 该臂销插拔部件也可 以为油缸或者电机等本领域中常规使用的其他动力部件。
上述套筒 4绕其自身轴线的转动可以在驱动部件的驱动下实现， 该驱 动部件可以为具有适当输出转速的各种形式的电机，也可以为液压马达等， 其主要作用是为套筒 4的转动提供适当大小的驱动力， 只要能够达到该使 用要求， 该驱动部件的具体形式不应受到本说明书的限制。
上述套筒 4能够按照预定的转速和转动方向绕其自身轴线转动。 具有 预定的转速和转动方向是指， 根据伸缩臂装置的结构形式和体积的不同， 以及在不同的工况下的动作差异，套筒 4的转速和转动方向可能有所不同， 其具体转速和转动方向应根据实际的使用要求确定， 在此不做限定。
以臂销 3锁定、 缸销 2打开为工作的初始位置， 此时， 缸销 2插装于 上述凹槽 5中， 臂销 3位于相邻两节臂上的销孔中， 由于臂销插拔部件的 拔销动作是在套筒 4的带动下完成的， 此时， 由于缸销 2卡在套筒 4的径 向凹槽 5中， 缸销 2限制了套筒 4绕其轴向的转动， 从而使得套筒 4无法 带动臂销插拔部件完成拔销动作， 使得臂销 3无法解除锁定， 进而使得臂 销 3可靠地锁定于两节臂之间； 当缸销 2在动力部件的作用下绕其自身轴 线转动时， 带动臂销插拔部件逐渐将臂销 3拔出， 当缸销 2自凹槽 5中拔 出并抵靠于套筒 4的外周壁时， 臂销插拔部件将臂销 3拔出， 此时， 由于 缸销 2抵靠于套筒 4的外周壁， 套筒 4限制了缸销 2在其自身轴向上的运 动， 使得缸销 2无法解除锁定， 从而可靠地锁定于伸缩油缸 1与预定节臂 之间。 这样， 保证了在工作过程中缸销 2和臂销 3两者中的一者如果处于 解除锁定的状态， 另一者能够可靠地处于锁定的状态。 本发明所提供的插 销互锁装置通过以上机构实现了缸销 2和臂销 3之间的互锁， 该机构无需 繁瑣的液压回路和电气线路， 结构较为筒单， 生产成本较低， 且工作可靠 性较高。
除了上述插销互锁装置， 本发明还提供一种包括上述插销互锁装置的 单缸插销式伸缩臂装置， 该单缸插销式伸缩臂装置的其他各部分结构请参 考现有技术， 在此不再赘述。
以上对本发明所提供的单缸插销式伸缩臂装置及其插销互锁装置进行 述， 以上实施例的说明只是用于帮助理解本发明的方法及其核心思想。 应 当指出， 对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说， 在不脱离本发明原理的前 提下， 还可以对本发明进行若干改进和修饰， 这些改进和修饰也落入本发 明权利要求的保护范围内。

Claims

权 利 要 求
1、一种用于单缸插销式伸缩臂装置的插销互锁装置， 其特征在于， 包 括套装于单缸插销式伸缩臂装置的伸缩油缸（ 1 )上的套筒（ 4 ), 所述套筒 (4)的外圓周壁上设置有凹槽（5), 并设有臂销插拔部件； 单缸插销式伸 缩臂装置的缸销 (2)处于解锁状态时， 其内端部位于所述凹槽（5) 中， 并限制所述套筒 （4)绕其轴线自转； 处于锁定状态下， 所述缸销 （2) 的 内端部脱离所述凹槽（5), 且所述套筒（4)能够在驱动部件的作用下可绕 其轴线自转， 并带动所述臂销插拔部件拔出单缸插销式伸缩臂装置的臂销 (3)。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的用于单缸插销式伸缩臂装置的插销互锁装 置， 其特征在于， 所述缸销 (2)处于锁定状态时， 所述套筒 （4) 的外周 壁限制所述缸销 (2) 的内端部缩回。
3、 根据权利要求 2所述的用于单缸插销式伸缩臂装置的插销互锁装 置， 其特征在于， 所述臂销插拔部件与所述凹槽（5)在所述套筒 （4)周 向上的位置相错离。
4、 根据权利要求 3所述的用于单缸插销式伸缩臂装置的插销互锁装 置， 其特征在于， 所述臂销插拔部件为臂销勾 （6), 所述臂销勾 （6)沿所 述套筒 （4) 的径向向外渐开。
5、 根据权利要求 4所述的用于单缸插销式伸缩臂装置的插销互锁装 置， 其特征在于， 所述臂销（3)的数量为四个， 且沿所述节臂的周向均匀 分布； 所述臂销勾 （6) 的数目与所述臂销 （3) 的数目相同， 且沿所述套 筒 （4) 的周向均匀分布。
6、 根据权利要求 5所述的用于单缸插销式伸缩臂装置的插销互锁装 置， 其特征在于， 所述臂销 （3) 靠近所述臂销勾 （6) 的端部上安装有勾 柱， 所述勾柱的轴线与所述臂销 （3) 的轴线大体垂直， 所述臂销勾 （6) 通过所述勾柱将所述臂销 （3) 自其销孔中拔出。
7、 根据权利要求 6所述的用于单缸插销式伸缩臂装置的插销互锁装 置， 其特征在于， 所述臂销（3)与相应的所述节臂之间安装有处于压缩状 态的弹簧（7), 所述臂销 （3)在所述弹簧（7) 的作用下具有向远离所述 节臂轴线的方向运动的趋势。
8、根据权利要求 1至 7任一项所述的用于单缸插销式伸缩臂装置的插 销互锁装置，其特征在于，所述凹槽（5)的数目为两个，且两所述凹槽（5) 均匀地开设于所述套筒 （4) 的周向。
9、根据权利要求 1至 7任一项所述的用于单缸插销式伸缩臂装置的插 销互锁装置， 其特征在于， 所述缸销（2)包括主体部和凸起部， 所述缸销
(2)通过所述凸起部插装于所述凹槽（5)。
10、 一种单缸插销式伸缩臂装置， 其特征在于， 包括权利要求 1至 9 任一项所述的插销互锁装置， 该插销互锁装置套装于伸缩油缸（1)外侧。
PCT/CN2011/076096 2010-06-22 2011-06-22 一种单缸插销式伸缩臂装置和插销互锁装置 WO2011160583A1 (zh)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN 201010212167 CN101850935B (zh) 2010-06-22 2010-06-22 一种单缸插销式伸缩臂装置和插销互锁装置
CN201010212167.6 2010-06-22

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2011160583A1 true WO2011160583A1 (zh) 2011-12-29

Family

ID=42802652

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/CN2011/076096 WO2011160583A1 (zh) 2010-06-22 2011-06-22 一种单缸插销式伸缩臂装置和插销互锁装置

Country Status (2)

Country Link
CN (1) CN101850935B (zh)
WO (1) WO2011160583A1 (zh)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110550563A (zh) * 2018-06-04 2019-12-10 马尼托瓦克起重机有限责任公司 具有旋转延伸和锁定系统的伸缩吊杆
EP4019455A4 (en) * 2019-08-21 2023-10-11 Tadano Ltd. WORKING MACHINE

Families Citing this family (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101850935B (zh) * 2010-06-22 2013-03-06 三一汽车起重机械有限公司 一种单缸插销式伸缩臂装置和插销互锁装置
CN101979307B (zh) * 2010-10-14 2012-08-08 三一汽车起重机械有限公司 伸缩臂式起重机用单缸插拔销机构
CN102275834B (zh) * 2011-05-19 2012-12-12 三一汽车起重机械有限公司 一种伸缩臂及包括该伸缩臂的工程机械
CN103342298B (zh) * 2013-07-08 2015-09-16 徐州重型机械有限公司 一种用于起重机的节臂拆装装置
CN103626054B (zh) * 2013-12-13 2015-10-14 三一汽车起重机械有限公司 起重臂拔销结构、起重臂和起重机
CN103613007B (zh) * 2013-12-18 2015-07-08 三一汽车起重机械有限公司 起重臂插销结构、起重臂和起重机
CN103950848B (zh) * 2014-05-20 2016-03-23 徐州重型机械有限公司 单缸插销伸缩装置及起重机
CN104724617B (zh) * 2015-03-30 2017-03-15 徐州重型机械有限公司 臂销结构和伸缩臂
CN104930315B (zh) * 2015-06-23 2017-10-27 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 支架组件锁合结构、显示器组件、空气净化器及家用电器
CN106946146B (zh) * 2017-04-28 2018-04-03 浙江诚康钢管有限公司 一种提升装置
CN110902582B (zh) * 2019-12-04 2021-07-09 太原重工股份有限公司 伸缩臂及包括这种伸缩臂的起重机
CN111189744A (zh) * 2020-03-16 2020-05-22 广西交通科学研究院有限公司 孔道灌浆密实度检测装置及检测方法

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6520359B2 (en) * 2000-05-08 2003-02-18 Grove U.S. Llc Lateral boom locking and actuating unit
CN1600671A (zh) * 2004-10-12 2005-03-30 大连理工大学 多节臂单油缸伸缩控制系统的插销互锁装置及其互锁方法
DE202004017598U1 (de) * 2004-11-12 2006-03-23 Liebherr-Werk Ehingen Gmbh Teleskopausleger
CN101537979A (zh) * 2009-04-14 2009-09-23 三一汽车制造有限公司 一种锁定销插拨装置及带有该锁定销插拨装置的起重机
CN101850935A (zh) * 2010-06-22 2010-10-06 三一汽车起重机械有限公司 一种单缸插销式伸缩臂装置和插销互锁装置
CN201694760U (zh) * 2010-06-22 2011-01-05 三一汽车起重机械有限公司 一种单缸插销式伸缩臂装置和插销互锁装置

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6520359B2 (en) * 2000-05-08 2003-02-18 Grove U.S. Llc Lateral boom locking and actuating unit
CN1600671A (zh) * 2004-10-12 2005-03-30 大连理工大学 多节臂单油缸伸缩控制系统的插销互锁装置及其互锁方法
DE202004017598U1 (de) * 2004-11-12 2006-03-23 Liebherr-Werk Ehingen Gmbh Teleskopausleger
CN101537979A (zh) * 2009-04-14 2009-09-23 三一汽车制造有限公司 一种锁定销插拨装置及带有该锁定销插拨装置的起重机
CN101850935A (zh) * 2010-06-22 2010-10-06 三一汽车起重机械有限公司 一种单缸插销式伸缩臂装置和插销互锁装置
CN201694760U (zh) * 2010-06-22 2011-01-05 三一汽车起重机械有限公司 一种单缸插销式伸缩臂装置和插销互锁装置

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110550563A (zh) * 2018-06-04 2019-12-10 马尼托瓦克起重机有限责任公司 具有旋转延伸和锁定系统的伸缩吊杆
EP3578500A1 (en) * 2018-06-04 2019-12-11 Manitowoc Crane Companies, LLC Telescoping boom with rotary extension and locking system
US11117789B2 (en) 2018-06-04 2021-09-14 Manitowoc Crane Companies, Llc Telescoping boom with rotary extension and locking system
CN110550563B (zh) * 2018-06-04 2023-08-22 马尼托瓦克起重机有限责任公司 具有旋转延伸和锁定系统的伸缩吊杆
EP4019455A4 (en) * 2019-08-21 2023-10-11 Tadano Ltd. WORKING MACHINE

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN101850935B (zh) 2013-03-06
CN101850935A (zh) 2010-10-06

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
WO2011160583A1 (zh) 一种单缸插销式伸缩臂装置和插销互锁装置
CN105649427B (zh) 机械门锁
CN205822940U (zh) 一种自校准离合器
US20140284108A1 (en) Drawworks system
US11014584B2 (en) Coupler telescopic apparatus and coupler
US11851308B2 (en) Telescopic pipe
US20100012908A1 (en) Spring-latched connection for torque transmitting shaft
JP5119273B2 (ja) 施錠装置
EP2752383B1 (en) Locking device for locking outrigger in engineering machinery
WO2013078816A1 (zh) 单缸插销油缸及具有该油缸的伸缩臂装置、起重机
JPH10279285A (ja) 旋回ロック機構
CN201694760U (zh) 一种单缸插销式伸缩臂装置和插销互锁装置
CN105971395A (zh) 推拉式把手锁
CN208089009U (zh) 一种电动门锁及其离合器
CN114835000A (zh) 锁止机构、吊具及作业机械
CN110902582B (zh) 伸缩臂及包括这种伸缩臂的起重机
CN221216946U (zh) 履带起重机的回转机构和履带起重机
KR100989570B1 (ko) 크레인용 케이블의 권선장치
CN202808229U (zh) 臂销摇臂、插销机构、吊臂伸缩系统及起重机
CN215666807U (zh) 一种塔机钢丝绳放气装置
CN106629426B (zh) 起重机
CN219950190U (zh) 旋转工装
CN217555590U (zh) 一种适用于球体构件的吊装夹具
CN208435661U (zh) 旋转锁止装置及移动dr
CN213807067U (zh) 一种电子锁

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application

Ref document number: 11797614

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1

NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: DE

122 Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase

Ref document number: 11797614

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1