WO2011155103A1 - 2次元位置マップ校正方法 - Google Patents
2次元位置マップ校正方法 Download PDFInfo
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a two-dimensional position map calibration method for calibrating a two-dimensional position map used when detecting radiation with a radiation detector comprising a plurality of scintillator elements and an optical sensor optically coupled thereto.
- a radiation detector comprising a plurality of scintillator elements and an optical sensor optically coupled thereto.
- a PET (Positron Emission Tomography) apparatus As a nuclear medicine diagnostic apparatus, that is, an ECT (Emission Computed Tomography) apparatus, a PET (Positron Emission Tomography) apparatus will be described as an example.
- the PET apparatus detects a plurality of gamma rays generated by annihilation of positrons, that is, positrons, and reconstructs a tomographic image of a subject only when the gamma rays are simultaneously detected by a plurality of detectors. It is configured.
- a radiopharmaceutical containing a positron emitting nuclide is administered into a subject, and a 511 KeV pair annihilation gamma ray released from the administered subject consists of a group of a number of detection elements (for example, scintillators). Detect with a detector. And if ⁇ -rays are detected at the same time by two detectors within a certain period of time, they are counted as a pair of annihilation ⁇ -rays, and the point of occurrence of pair annihilation is on the straight line of the detected detector pair Is identified. By accumulating such coincidence information and performing reconstruction processing, a positron emitting nuclide distribution image (ie, a tomographic image) is obtained.
- a positron emitting nuclide distribution image ie, a tomographic image
- FIG. 10 is a two-dimensional position map in the case of a DOI detector in which four layers of scintillators are stacked in the depth direction. The position indicated by a white circle (indicated by “ ⁇ ” in FIG. 10) is the first layer (in FIG.
- the scintillator of “3rd Layer” indicates the scintillator of the fourth layer (indicated by “4th Layer” in FIG. 10) at the position indicated by the white square (shown by “ ⁇ ” in FIG. 10).
- LUT Look Up Table
- the array of regions corresponding to the scintillator elements is distorted by finding and finding breakpoints by creating a histogram on the two-dimensional position map step by step from the whole to a part.
- a discrimination method that can divide the area even when the camera is on the road.
- the distortion of the arrangement of the areas corresponding to the scintillator elements is large, there is a case where the area division cannot be performed accurately even by the method of Patent Document 2 described above.
- a laborious operation is required such as manually moving the region boundary.
- the present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and an object thereof is to provide a two-dimensional position map calibration method capable of accurately calibrating a two-dimensional position map even when there is distortion. .
- the present invention has the following configuration. That is, the two-dimensional position map calibration method of the present invention is a radiation detector composed of a plurality of scintillator elements arranged one-dimensionally, two-dimensionally or three-dimensionally, and an optical sensor optically coupled thereto. A lookup table is created from a two-dimensional position map that is used when detecting radiation, and the signal intensity obtained by the optical sensor is two-dimensionally represented in correspondence with the incident position of the radiation incident on the scintillator element.
- a two-dimensional position map calibration method for obtaining a histogram by forming a histogram with a signal intensity of the two-dimensional position map as a vertical axis and a coordinate axis direction of the two-dimensional position map as a horizontal axis;
- the two-dimensional position map is vertically and horizontally applied to the region divided by the histogram break points acquired in the histogram forming step.
- a map determination step that applies a map determination condition using a feature amount extracted from the divided lattice shape, and changes the region delimited by the break point until the map determination condition is satisfied in the map determination step.
- the map determination step is repeated.
- a histogram is obtained by forming a histogram with the signal intensity of the two-dimensional position map as the vertical axis and the coordinate axis direction of the two-dimensional position map as the horizontal axis.
- a map determination condition using a feature amount extracted from a lattice shape obtained by dividing a two-dimensional position map vertically and horizontally with respect to an area divided by break points by a histogram acquired in the histogram forming step.
- a map determination step to be applied is provided. Even when the area divided by the breakpoints is not appropriate and the area division fails, the success or failure of the area division in the area can be easily determined by applying the map determination condition in the map determination step.
- the map segmentation process is repeated by changing the region delimited by the delimiter points until the map determination condition is satisfied, so that the region satisfying the map determination condition is determined to be appropriate, and the region division in the region is accurately performed. Even when there is distortion, the two-dimensional position map can be accurately calibrated.
- a specific example of the above-described histogram forming step is to calculate the sum of signal intensities along the coordinate axes of the two-dimensional position map, and to form a histogram with the sum of the signal intensities as the vertical axis and the coordinate axis orthogonal to the coordinate axis as the horizontal axis.
- the above-mentioned histogram is acquired.
- the above map determination condition is applied to an area partitioned by a breakpoint, and an area partitioned by a breakpoint until the map determination condition is satisfied,
- the map determination process is repeated by changing the signal strength sum in descending order. Normally, a region with a large sum of signal strengths can be regarded as appropriate, but if the map determination condition is not satisfied, the region is regarded as unsuitable, and the regions are changed in descending order of the sum of signal strengths. By repeating the map determination step, it is possible to find a region having the largest sum of signal intensities among regions deemed appropriate.
- the calibration may be stopped when the number of repetitions in the above map determination step exceeds a preset number, or when there is no area delimited by the break point in the map determination step. May stop calibration. By making such a determination, it can be automatically determined that the area division has failed.
- breakpoints it is preferable to determine as follows. That is, it includes a breakpoint determination step of comparing the signal intensities of the histograms to obtain respective minimum values and determining the positions of these minimum values as breakpoints. By obtaining the minimum value, each breakpoint can be accurately determined.
- the break point determination step may be a break reference point determination step that determines a break point as a reference as a break reference point.
- the break point determination step temporarily determines a break point as a reference as a temporary break reference point. Compare each signal strength in the area delimited by the temporary delimitation reference point determination step and the temporary delimitation reference point determined in the temporary delimitation reference point determination step to obtain each local minimum value, It may be a delimitation reference point determination step for determining the position as a delimitation reference point that is a delimitation point as a reference. That is, in the former case, the separation reference point is determined without determining the temporary separation reference point, and in the latter case, the separation reference point is determined after the provisional separation reference point is determined.
- a breakpoint that corrects the position of the breakpoint to be corrected by comparing the signal strength around each breakpoint to be corrected based on the breakpoint reference point determined in the break reference point determination step described above. It is preferable to provide a correction step and apply the map determination condition after correction in the breakpoint correction step. By correcting the breakpoints, the breakpoints after the correction take into account the distortion, and the area partitioned by the breakpoints is also accurate.
- breakpoint re-correction process that re-corrects the position of the breakpoint by comparing the breakpoints corrected in the breakpoint correction process described above, and map determination after re-correction in the breakpoint recorrection process It is preferable to apply the conditions.
- the breakpoints after the recorrection take into account the distortion, and the area delimited by the breakpoints becomes more accurate.
- the ratio of the average width at one end of the lattice delimited by the break points to the average width at the other end is equal to or less than a predetermined ratio. If the ratio of the average width exceeds the predetermined ratio, it can be considered that the width difference between the end portions has widened, so that the area can be determined to be inappropriate, and conversely the ratio of the average width is the predetermined ratio. If the ratio is less than or equal to the ratio, it can be considered that there is not much difference in width between the end portions, so that the region can be determined to be appropriate.
- the number of grids whose aspect ratio of the width of the grids separated by the break points deviates from 1 is not more than a predetermined number.
- map determination condition is that the size in the vicinity of the end of the lattice divided by the break points is smaller than the size at the center. If the dimension near the edge of the grid is larger than the dimension at the center, the grid at the end is clogged by the grid near the edge, so that the area can be determined to be inappropriate, and conversely the edge of the grid If the size in the vicinity is smaller than the size in the center, the lattice at the end is not clogged by the lattice near the end, so that the region can be determined to be appropriate.
- the map determination condition in the map determination step is applied to the region.
- the success or failure of the region division can be easily determined.
- the map segmentation process is repeated by changing the region delimited by the delimiter points until the map determination condition is satisfied, so that the region satisfying the map determination condition is determined to be appropriate, and the region division in the region is accurately performed. Even when there is distortion, the two-dimensional position map can be accurately calibrated.
- FIG. 1 is a side view and block diagram of a PET (Positron Emission Tomography) apparatus according to an embodiment. It is a schematic perspective view of a gamma ray detector.
- A is a top view of a gamma ray detector
- (b) is a side view of a gamma ray detector.
- It is a flowchart which shows the arithmetic processing by a two-dimensional position map calibration part.
- FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing a lattice division calculation process of FIG. 4.
- FIG. 6 is a plan view of a two-dimensional position map for explaining the lattice division of FIGS. 4 and 5.
- FIG. 5 is a plan view of a two-dimensional position map for explaining the breakpoint correction of FIG.
- FIG. 5 is a plan view of a two-dimensional position map for explaining the breakpoint fine correction in FIG. 4. It is a top view which shows the example of area
- FIG. 1 is a side view and a block diagram of a PET (Positron Emission Tomography) apparatus according to an embodiment
- FIG. 2 is a schematic perspective view of a ⁇ -ray detector
- FIG. 3A is a ⁇ -ray detector
- FIG. 3B is a side view of the ⁇ -ray detector.
- the PET apparatus includes a top plate 1 on which a subject M is placed as shown in FIG.
- the top plate 1 is configured to move up and down and translate along the body axis Z of the subject M.
- the subject M placed on the top 1 is scanned from the head to the abdomen and foot sequentially through the opening 2a of the gantry 2, which will be described later. Get the image. Note that there is no particular limitation on the scanned part and the scanning order of each part.
- the PET apparatus includes a gantry 2 having an opening 2a and a ⁇ -ray detector 3.
- the ⁇ -ray detector 3 is arranged in a ring shape so as to surround the body axis Z of the subject M, and is embedded in the gantry 2.
- the ⁇ -ray detector 3 corresponds to the radiation detector in the present invention.
- the PET apparatus includes a table driving unit 4, a controller 5, an input unit 6, an output unit 7, a memory unit 8, a position calculation circuit 9, a look-up table 10, a coincidence circuit 11, A configuration unit 12 and a two-dimensional position map calibration unit 13 are provided.
- the top plate driving unit 6 is a mechanism for driving the top plate 1 so as to perform the above-described movement, and is configured by a motor or the like not shown.
- the controller 5 comprehensively controls each part constituting the PET apparatus according to the present embodiment.
- the controller 5 includes a central processing unit (CPU).
- the input unit 6 sends data and commands input by the operator to the controller 5.
- the input unit 6 includes a pointing device represented by a mouse, a keyboard, a joystick, a trackball, a touch panel, and the like.
- the output unit 7 includes a display unit represented by a monitor, a printer, and the like.
- the memory unit 8 and the lookup table 10 are composed of storage media represented by ROM (Read-only Memory), RAM (Random-Access Memory), and the like.
- the count value (count) simultaneously counted by the coincidence circuit 11 and the image processed by the reconstruction unit 12 are written and stored in the RAM, and are read from the RAM as necessary.
- a scintillator block 31 (FIG. 2), which will be described later, has a count value (count value) corresponding to the signal intensity of an electrical signal obtained by a photomultiplier tube 33 (see FIGS. 2 and 3) described later.
- a two-dimensional position map expressed in a two-dimensional manner corresponding to the incident position of the ⁇ -ray incident on the scintillator element in FIG. 3 corresponds to each position in the two-dimensional position map and each scintillator element.
- the table is written and stored in the look-up table 10 and is read out from the look-up table 10 when the two-dimensional position map calibrating unit 13 calibrates, and the ⁇ -ray detection signal is associated with the crystal element by referring to the table.
- map determination conditions to be described later are written in advance and stored, and applied to determination conformance in step S50 of FIG. 4 to be described later.
- the ROM stores in advance a program for performing various nuclear medicine diagnosis and arithmetic processing related to the flow of FIGS. 4 and 5 described later, and the controller 5 executes the program according to the program. Arithmetic processing relating to nuclear medicine diagnosis and the flow of FIGS. 4 and 5 is performed.
- the reconstruction unit 12 and the two-dimensional position map calibration unit 13 are input by a program stored in a ROM of a storage medium represented by the memory unit 8 or the like described above, or by a pointing device represented by the input unit 6 or the like, for example. This is realized by the controller 5 executing the instruction.
- the ⁇ -rays generated from the subject M to which the radiopharmaceutical is administered are converted into light by the scintillator block 31 (see FIGS. 2 and 3) of the ⁇ -ray detector 3, and the converted light is converted into the ⁇ -ray detector.
- the photomultiplier tube 3 (PMT: Photo Multiplier Tube) 32 (see FIGS. 2 and 3) is multiplied and converted into an electric signal.
- the electric signal is sent to the position calculation circuit 9 as image information (pixel value, that is, a count value simultaneously counted by the ⁇ -ray detector 3).
- the position calculation circuit 9 refers to the look-up table 10 at the time of nuclear medicine diagnosis, and refers to the two-dimensional position map to determine which scintillator element of the scintillator block 31 (see FIGS. 2 and 3) has the counted value. It is determined whether it is incident at. Specifically, the center of gravity is calculated for each incident to obtain the incident position on the scintillator element. The obtained incident position and count value (image information) are sent to the coincidence counting circuit 11.
- the coincidence circuit 11 checks the position of the scintillator block 31 (see FIG. 2 and FIG. 3) (more specifically, the incident position on the scintillator element) and the incident timing of the ⁇ -ray, and 2 on both sides of the subject M. Only when ⁇ rays are simultaneously incident on the two scintillator blocks 31, the sent image information is determined as appropriate data. When ⁇ rays are incident only on one scintillator block 31, the coincidence counting circuit 11 rejects.
- the image information sent to the coincidence circuit 11 is sent to the reconstruction unit 12 as projection data.
- the reconstruction unit 12 reconstructs the projection data to obtain an image of the subject M.
- the image is sent to the output unit 7 via the controller 5. In this manner, nuclear medicine diagnosis is performed based on the image obtained by the reconstruction unit 12.
- the ⁇ -ray detector 3 includes a scintillator block 31 composed of a plurality of scintillator elements, and a photomultiplier tube (hereinafter simply referred to as “PMT”) optically coupled to the scintillator block 31. ”Is abbreviated as“ ”.
- Each scintillator element constituting the scintillator block 31 converts ⁇ rays into light by emitting light with the incidence of ⁇ rays. By this conversion, the scintillator element detects ⁇ rays. The light emitted from the scintillator element is sufficiently diffused by the scintillator block 31 and input to the PMT 32.
- the PMT 32 multiplies the light converted by the scintillator block 31 and converts it into an electrical signal.
- the electric signal is sent as image information (pixel value) to the position calculation circuit 9 (see FIG. 1) and further to the coincidence counting circuit 11 (see FIG. 1) as described above.
- the scintillator elements constituting the scintillator block 31 correspond to the scintillator elements in the present invention
- the photomultiplier tube (PMT) 32 corresponds to the photosensor in the present invention.
- the size of each ⁇ -ray detector 3 is not limited to this.
- a ⁇ -ray detector 3 including a scintillator block 31 in which scintillator elements are arranged in 32 ⁇ 32 ⁇ 4 layers and a PMT 32 having a 16 ⁇ 16 multi-anode is used.
- the number of scintillator elements constituting the scintillator block 31 and the number of multi-anodes of the PMT 32 are not particularly limited.
- FIGS. 4 is a flowchart showing the calculation processing by the two-dimensional position map calibrating unit
- FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing the calculation processing of the grid division of FIG. 4
- FIG. 6 is the grid division of FIG. 4
- FIG. 7 is a plan view of a two-dimensional position map used for explanation
- FIG. 7 is a plan view of a two-dimensional position map used for explanation of correction of breakpoints in FIG. 4
- FIG. 8 is a description of breakpoint fine correction of FIG. It is a top view of the two-dimensional position map with which it uses for.
- Step S10 Two-dimensional position map input A two-dimensional position map is input (see FIG. 10). Specifically, before performing an actual nuclear medicine diagnosis, a Na-22 radiation source is uniformly irradiated from above the ⁇ -ray detector 3 to obtain a two-dimensional position map, and then the region is divided. The entire map is labeled with scintillator element position numbers to create a table, which is written and stored in the lookup table 10.
- the two-dimensional position map is an image of 1024 ⁇ 1024 pixels (pixels), and the look-up table (LUT) has the position numbers of the scintillator elements in an array of 1024 ⁇ 1024. That is, in the lookup table (LUT), each position (1024 ⁇ 1024 pixels) in the two-dimensional position map is associated with each scintillator element.
- Step S20 Grid division When a two-dimensional position map is input in step 10, lattice division is performed.
- Step S21 Determination of Histogram Range Specifically, in order to determine the histogram range, a total sum of count values is obtained along the coordinate axes of the two-dimensional position map. For example, as shown in FIG. 6A, the sum of the count values is obtained along the coordinate axis direction with respect to the row of the two-dimensional position map M. At this time, when the area is not sufficiently divided and the count value overlaps or the count value extends over two areas, the count value is added together when the count value overlaps. If you are straddling, add to one of them. In addition, when the count value overlaps or the count value extends over two areas, it is a case where there is distortion or an end area of the two-dimensional position map M. The sum of the count values may be obtained along both the row and the column.
- a parallel straight line is drawn along the coordinate axis (in this case, the coordinate axis related to a row) on the two-dimensional position map M, and the two-dimensional position map M is divided into a plurality of bands.
- the straight line is the boundary B 1 in FIG. 6 (a).
- each boundary B 1 a sum of the count values at each boundary B 1.
- every two bands adjacent to each other including the separated band by this boundary B 1 obtaining the sum of the count values of the pixels (pixels) included in the region of the two bands.
- each one of the band delimited by this boundary B 1 may be the total sum of the count values of the pixels (pixels) included in the region of the one band.
- one reference region (referred to as “histogram range” in this embodiment) is set based on the sum.
- the sum of the count values of the pixels included in the two band regions is obtained, the sum of the count values is compared with the sum of the count values in the other regions, and the sum is first and second. Is determined as a count range. The first and second largest areas are selected in case the first data itself is wrong. Of course, only the first largest region may be determined as the histogram range. Also, the end region on the two-dimensional position map M and the region having a wide band width that is highly influenced by distortion are excluded. Thus the area bounded on the temporary delimiting reference point (histogram range), and a region T 1 as a reference in FIG. 6 (b).
- this step S21 corresponds to the histogram forming step, the histogram range determining step, and the temporary delimitation reference point determining step in the present invention.
- Step S22 Determination of Separation Reference Point
- each count value in the region T 1 (histogram range) which is the first and second largest region is determined.
- Each minimum value is obtained by comparison.
- a breakpoint “breakpoint reference point” based on the position of the minimum value is used. That is, by comparing the respective count values determined respective minimum values respectively in the region T 1 delimited by a provisional delimiting reference points determined in step S21, to determine the location of their minimum value as a separator reference point.
- a graph G 2 is created with the region T 1 along the row as the horizontal axis and the total value of the count values as the vertical axis. Then, it extracts a point which is a minimum value in the graph G 2 as a separator reference point.
- the delimiting reference points, and FIG. 6 (c) the delimiting reference points D 1 to an enlarged portion of FIG. 6 (b).
- This step S22 corresponds to a delimitation reference point determining step in the present invention.
- the above-mentioned step S21 and this step S22 comprise the breakpoint determination process in this invention.
- Step S23 After determining the breakpoint reference points D 1 delimited grating creation step S22, respectively redrawn again each boundary B 1 a along the respective delimiting reference points D 1. Specifically, it redraws the boundaries along the columns is perpendicular to the boundary B 1 drawn along the rows. By this redrawing, a delimiter grid is created for the two-dimensional position map M, and the grid division including steps S21 to S23 is performed. The redrawn boundaries, and the boundary B 2 in FIG. 6 (c).
- the sum of the count values is obtained along the coordinate axis direction with respect to the row of the two-dimensional position map M, and the sum (addition) of the count values is used as the vertical axis.
- It has obtained a histogram (graph) G 1 which is the horizontal axis coordinate axes about the columns perpendicular to the axis about the line Te. Determining the position of the minimum value of the histogram G 1 as a temporary delimiting reference points, in the respective temporary delimiting reference points, drawing a parallel boundaries B 1 along the coordinate axis relating to the line on the two-dimensional position map M, each of the boundary and the total sum of count values for each pixel included in the area delimited by B 1.
- the sum of the count values is obtained along the coordinate axis direction for the column of the two-dimensional position map M, the sum (addition) of the count values is the vertical axis, and the coordinate axis for the row orthogonal to the coordinate axis for the column is the horizontal axis.
- a histogram (graph) G 3 (not shown in FIG. 6) is acquired. The position of the minimum value of the histogram G 3 is determined as a temporary delimitation reference point, and at each temporary delimitation reference point, a boundary B 3 parallel to the coordinate axis related to the column on the two-dimensional position map M (not shown in FIG. 6). ) draw, obtaining the sum of the count values for each pixel included in the area bounded by each of boundary B 3.
- a region T 2 along the column is set, and a graph G 4 (FIG. 6 (FIG. 6 (D)) is shown with the region T 3 along the column as the horizontal axis and the total value of the count values as the vertical axis. see d)).
- the position of the minimum value in the graph G 4 is determined as a delimiter reference point D 2 (not shown in FIG. 6), and along each delimitation reference point D 2 and along the line, a boundary B 4 (FIG. 6 (e )) Is redrawn to create a delimiter grid along the row direction and perform grid division along the row direction.
- grid division along the column direction (steps S21 to S23) and the grid division along the row direction (steps S21 to S23) may be performed in parallel, or the grid division along the column direction (step S21). To S23), grid division along the row direction (steps S21 to S23) may be performed. Conversely, after grid division along the row direction (steps S21 to S23), grid division along the column direction may be performed. Division (steps S21 to S23) may be performed.
- Step S30 Correction of breakpoints
- the regions T 1 and T 2 set in step S21 as a reference
- the boundaries B 2 and B 4 redrawn in step S23 are sequentially adjacent and moved while being corrected.
- the position of the breakpoint to be corrected is corrected by comparing the count values around the breakpoint.
- the region where the regions T 1 and T 2 intersect each other is the correction start reference.
- the modified start reference is also the delimiting reference points D 1, a reference point, which is also delimiting reference points D 2. From this correction start reference, correction is made in the direction of each coordinate axis along the direction of the arrow in FIG. 7A (breakpoint correction movement direction), and this correction is sequentially performed for each adjacent boundary B 2 , B 4 , in other words, adjacent By moving while moving for each breakpoint, all breakpoints are corrected.
- the coordinate axis direction to be modified is a horizontal axis in the area surrounded by the breakpoints around the breakpoint to be modified, and the coordinate axis is
- G 5 which the sum of the (added) as the vertical axis of the summed count value in the direction perpendicular against
- This step S30 corresponds to a breakpoint correcting step in the present invention.
- Step S40 Fine Break Point Correction
- the break point position is re-corrected by comparing the break points corrected in Step S30. Since this re-correction is smaller than the correction in step S30, it is defined as “fine correction” in this specification.
- the absolute value of the difference between the coordinates of the breakpoints adjacent to each other in the coordinate axis direction to be corrected (hereinafter abbreviated as “difference value”) is obtained, and one breakpoint having the largest coordinate increment is excluded. The average value of the difference values is obtained for the remaining break points.
- a predetermined multiple for example, 4 times the average value of the difference values. If the sum of difference values between adjacent breakpoints is greater than or equal to a predetermined multiple of the average value of the difference values, it is determined that the breakpoints are discontinuous, and conversely, When the sum of the difference values between adjacent breakpoints is less than a predetermined multiple of the average value of the difference values, it is determined that the breakpoints are not protruding and maintain continuity. If it is determined that the position is discontinuous, the position of the breakpoint is finely corrected by using the average value of the coordinates of the breakpoints adjacent to each other as the coordinates after fine correction.
- a predetermined multiple for example, 4 times
- White circles indicate break points before fine correction
- black circles indicate break points after fine correction.
- the first white circle from the bottom and the second white circle from the bottom maintain continuity, but only the third white circle from the bottom protrudes, indicating that it is discontinuous. Therefore, by finely correcting the third white circle break point from the bottom, it can be re-corrected to the position of the black circle break point. Based on the breakpoints indicated by the black circles as the result of the re-correction, each boundary is redrawn as shown in FIG.
- this step S40 corresponds to the breakpoint recorrection step in the present invention.
- Step S50 Determination conformity?
- the region division result regions T 1 and T 2 in which the correction in step S30 and the fine correction in step S40 are also taken into consideration
- the break points finely corrected (recorrected) in step S40 is 2
- a determination is made by applying a map determination condition using a feature amount extracted from a lattice shape obtained by dividing the dimension position map vertically and horizontally.
- the map determination conditions are stored in advance in the memory unit 8 (see FIG. 1). As map determination conditions, the following conditions are mentioned, for example.
- the ratio of the average width of the lattice near the left end to the average width of the lattice near the right end is equal to or less than a predetermined ratio.
- the ratio of the average width of the lattice near the upper end to the average width of the lattice near the lower end is equal to or less than a predetermined ratio.
- the conditions of A and B indicate that the ratio of the average width at one end of the lattice delimited by the break points and the average width at the other end is equal to or less than a predetermined ratio. If the ratio of the average width exceeds the predetermined ratio, it can be considered that the width difference between the end portions has widened, so that the area can be determined to be inappropriate, and conversely the ratio of the average width is the predetermined ratio. If the ratio is less than or equal to the ratio, it can be considered that there is not much difference in width between the end portions, so that the region can be determined to be appropriate.
- the specific value of the predetermined ratio is not particularly limited and may be appropriately set according to the design matters. For example, when the width difference between the end portions exceeds 1.5 to 2 times, If the area is inappropriate, the predetermined ratio can be set to 1.5 to 2 times.
- the condition of C indicates that the number of grids whose aspect ratio of the width of the grids delimited by the delimiters deviates from 1 is not more than a predetermined number.
- a specific aspect ratio value of the width of the grating that deviates from 1 is not particularly limited, and may be set according to design matters as appropriate.
- the predetermined number is not particularly limited, and may be set according to the design items as appropriate.For example, when the total number exceeds 1/256, if the region is inappropriate, The total number can be set to 1/256 (eight corresponding to 1/256 of 2 ⁇ 1024 in the case of regions T 1 and T 2 ).
- the condition of D indicates that the size in the vicinity of the end of the lattice divided by the break point is smaller than the size at the center. If the size in the vicinity of the end of the lattice is larger than the size in the center, for example, as shown in the left region of FIG. 9, the lattice at the end is clogged by the lattice in the vicinity of the end, so that the region is determined to be inappropriate. Conversely, if the size near the end of the grid is smaller than the size at the center, the grid at the end is not clogged by the grid near the end, so that the region can be determined to be appropriate.
- the vicinity of the end is not particularly limited, and may be set according to the design matters as appropriate. For example, when the central area is 0 in the area from the end to the center, as shown in FIG. A region of ⁇ 7 / 8 can be set as the vicinity of the end. The same applies to the right region, the upper region, and the lower region in FIG.
- the process proceeds to the lookup table creation in the next step S60.
- the process returns to S21 in step S20, delimited by the temporary delimiting reference points A region where the sum of the count values of the pixels included in the two band regions is the third and fourth largest is set as a histogram range, and steps S22, S23, S30, S40 and S50 are repeated in the same manner.
- step S22, S23, S30, Step S50 is repeated (including S40).
- the calibration may be stopped when the number of repetitions in step S50 exceeds a preset number, or the calibration is stopped when there is no area delimited by the breakpoints in step S50. May be. By making such a determination, it can be automatically determined that the area division has failed.
- the number of times set in advance is not particularly limited, and may be set according to design matters as appropriate.
- this step S50 corresponds to the map determination step in the present invention.
- Step S60 Lookup Table Creation
- the two-dimensional position map calibration unit 13 reads out from the lookup table 10 and rewrites the two-dimensional position map. Create a lookup table by proofreading.
- FIG. 9 shows a case where there is distortion in the arrangement of the scintillator element regions (in FIG. 9, there is distortion in the region closer to the left than the center). It is confirmed in FIG. 9 that even when there is such distortion, discrimination can be performed by calibrating the two-dimensional position map. Furthermore, by redrawing the boundary and performing correction and fine correction (re-correction), the boundary is redrawn in the distorted area, and the grid is divided by the redrawn boundary. This is also confirmed in FIG.
- the count value of the two-dimensional position map is the vertical axis and the coordinate axis direction of the two-dimensional position map is the horizontal axis.
- a histogram forming step (step S21) for obtaining a histogram by forming a histogram is provided, and the region divided by the break points (temporary break reference points in the present embodiment) by the histogram obtained in the histogram forming step (step S21).
- a map determination step (step S50) for applying a map determination condition using the feature amount extracted from the lattice shape obtained by dividing the two-dimensional position map vertically and horizontally.
- the success or failure of the area division in the area can be easily determined by applying the map determination condition in the map determination step (step S50). Can do. Then, the area delimited by the delimiter points (temporary delimitation reference points in the present embodiment) is changed until the map determination condition is satisfied, and the map determination step (step S50) is repeated, so that the area that satisfies the map determination condition Is determined to be appropriate, the region can be accurately divided in the region, and the two-dimensional position map can be accurately calibrated even when there is distortion.
- the sum of the count values is obtained along the coordinate axes of the two-dimensional position map, and the histogram (for example, the above-described histogram (for example, A histogram G 1 ) is acquired.
- the histogram for example, the above-described histogram (for example, A histogram G 1 ) is acquired.
- the map determination condition described above is applied to an area that is divided into break points (temporary break reference points in this embodiment), and the area is divided into break points until the map determination condition is satisfied.
- the map determination process is repeated by changing the region in descending order of the sum of the count values. Normally, an area with a large sum of count values can be regarded as appropriate, but if the map determination condition is not satisfied, the area is regarded as inappropriate and the areas are changed in descending order of the sum of count values. By repeating the map determination step (step S50), it is possible to find an area having the largest sum of count values among areas deemed appropriate.
- each breakpoint (a temporary breakpoint reference point and a breakage reference point in this embodiment) can be accurately determined.
- the delimiter determination process includes a temporary delimitation reference point determination process (step S21) for determining a delimiter point temporarily set as a temporary delimitation reference point, and the temporary delimitation reference point determination process.
- a temporary delimitation reference point determination process step S21 for determining a delimiter point temporarily set as a temporary delimitation reference point
- the temporary delimitation reference point determination process Each count value in the area delimited by the temporary delimitation reference point determined in (Step S21) is compared to obtain each minimum value, and the position of the minimum value is a delimiter that is a delimiter point
- This is a delimiter reference point determination step (step S22) that is determined as a reference point. In this case, the delimitation reference point is determined after determining the temporary delimitation reference point.
- the count values around the breakpoints to be corrected are compared based on the breakage reference points determined in the above-described breakage reference point determination step (step S22).
- a breakpoint correcting step (step S30) for correcting the position of the breakpoint to be corrected is provided, and the map determination condition is applied in step S50 after the breakpoint correction step (step S30).
- the breakpoint recorrection step for recorrecting (finely correcting) the position of the breakpoint by comparing the breakpoints corrected in the breakpoint correction step (step S30) described above. (Step S40), and after the re-correction (fine correction) in the break point re-correction step (step S40), the map determination condition is applied in step S50.
- the break point after re-correction takes distortion into consideration further, and the area delimited by the break point becomes more accurate. .
- the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment, and can be modified as follows.
- the PET apparatus has been described as an example of the nuclear medicine diagnosis apparatus provided with the radiation detection apparatus.
- the present invention detects tomographic images of a subject by detecting a single gamma ray. It can also be applied to a SPECT (Single-Photon-Emission-CT) apparatus that reconfigures the image.
- SPECT Single-Photon-Emission-CT
- the present invention can also be applied to a PET-CT apparatus that combines a PET apparatus and a CT apparatus. Further, the present invention can also be applied to radiation other than ⁇ (for example, ⁇ rays and ⁇ rays).
- the DOI detector is composed of a plurality of scintillator elements arranged three-dimensionally, but is also applied to a radiation detector composed of a plurality of scintillator elements arranged two-dimensionally or three-dimensionally. can do.
- a photomultiplier tube (PMT) has been described as an example of the photosensor.
- any photosensor optically coupled to the scintillator element may be an avalanche photodiode or silicon photomultiplier. It is not particularly limited as exemplified by the prior.
- the count value is adopted as the signal strength, but an electric signal having a continuous value may be adopted as the signal strength.
- the position of the minimum value is determined as a break point (in the above-described embodiment, the temporary break reference point or the break reference point) by obtaining the minimum value. Good.
- the boundary of the two-dimensional position map corresponds to the portion of the minimum value, and therefore it is preferable to use the minimum value as in the embodiment. .
- the map determination condition described above is applied to the area partitioned by the breakpoints, and the signal strength (described above)
- the map determination process (step S50) is repeated in the descending order of the sum of the count values), but it is not always necessary to change the signal strength (the count value in the above-described embodiment) in the descending order.
- the map determination process may be repeated by changing the order of the areas adjacent to the first and second largest areas.
- the breakpoint determination step includes a temporary breakage reference point determination step (step S21) for determining a breakpoint that is temporarily set as a reference, and a temporary breakage reference point determination step (step S21).
- the respective signal strengths (count values in the above-described embodiment) in the region delimited by the temporary delimitation reference points determined in S21) are compared to obtain the respective minimum values, and the positions of these minimum values are determined as the reference
- the delimitation reference point determination step (step S22) is determined as the delimitation reference point that is the delimitation point.
- the temporary delimitation reference point determination step is not necessarily performed. That is, only the delimitation reference point may be determined without determining the temporary delimitation reference point.
- the breakpoint correcting step (step S30) for correcting the position of the breakpoint to be corrected or the breakpoint recorrecting step (step S40) for recorrecting (finely correcting) the position of the breakpoint.
- the breakpoint recorrecting step (step S40) for recorrecting (finely correcting) the position of the breakpoint.
- the map determination conditions are the conditions A to D. However, if the map determination conditions use the feature amounts extracted from the lattice shape obtained by dividing the two-dimensional position map vertically and horizontally, however, the present invention is not limited to this.
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Abstract
Description
すなわち、この発明の2次元位置マップ校正方法は、1次元,2次元あるいは3次元に配置された複数のシンチレータ素子と、それらに光学的に結合された光センサとで構成された放射線検出器で放射線を検出する際に用いられる、前記光センサで得られた信号強度を前記シンチレータ素子に入射された前記放射線の入射位置に対応させて2次元状に表した2次元位置マップからルックアップテーブル作成する2次元位置マップ校正方法であって、前記2次元位置マップの信号強度を縦軸にして前記2次元位置マップの座標軸方向を横軸にしてヒストグラム化してヒストグラムを取得するヒストグラム化工程と、そのヒストグラム化工程で取得された前記ヒストグラムによる区切り点に区切られた領域に対して、前記2次元位置マップを縦横で区切った格子形状から抽出された特徴量を用いたマップ判定条件を適用するマップ判定工程とを備え、そのマップ判定工程で当該マップ判定条件を満たすまで前記区切り点に区切られた領域を変更して、前記マップ判定工程を繰り返すことを特徴とするものである。
31 … シンチレータブロック
32 … 光電子増倍管(PMT)
G1,G3 … ヒストグラム(グラフ)
D1,D2 … 区切り基準点
M … 2次元位置マップ
図1は、実施例に係るPET(Positron Emission Tomography)装置の側面図およびブロック図であり、図2は、γ線検出器の概略斜視図であり、図3(a)は、γ線検出器の平面図、図3(b)は、γ線検出器の側面図である。
2次元位置マップを入力する(図10を参照)。具体的には、実際の核医学診断を行う前に、予め、Na-22線源をγ線検出器3の上方から一様照射して2次元位置マップを得た後、領域分割を行い、マップ全体をシンチレータ素子の位置番号にラベリングしてテーブルを作成して、ルックアップテーブル10に書き込んで記憶する。本実施例では、2次元位置マップは、1024×1024画素(ピクセル)の画像とし、ルックアップテーブル(LUT)は1024×1024の配列にシンチレータ素子の位置番号を有する。つまり、ルックアップテーブル(LUT)では、2次元位置マップにおける各位置(1024×1024画素)と各々のシンチレータ素子とを対応させている。
ステップ10で2次元位置マップを入力したら格子分割を行う。
具体的には、ヒストグラム範囲を決定するために、2次元位置マップの座標軸に沿ってカウント値の総和を求める。例えば、図6(a)に示すように、2次元位置マップMの行に関する座標軸方向に沿ってカウント値の総和をそれぞれ求める。このとき、領域分割が十分に行われないことによって、カウント値が重なる部分や、カウント値が2つの領域にまたがっている場合には、カウント値が重なるときにはともに加算し、カウント値が2つの領域にまたがっているときにはいずれかの一方に加算すればよい。また、カウント値が重なる部分や、カウント値が2つの領域にまたがっている場合には、歪みがあるケースあるいは2次元位置マップMの端領域のケースであるので、好ましくは、それらの領域を除いて行・列の両方に沿ってカウント値の総和を求めてもよい。
ステップS21で基準となる領域T1(ヒストグラム範囲)を決定したら、1番目,2番目に大きい領域である領域T1(ヒストグラム範囲)中の各々のカウント値を比較して各々の極小値をそれぞれ求める。本実施例では、この極小値の位置を基準とした区切り点「区切り基準点」とする。つまり、ステップS21で決定された仮区切り基準点で区切られた領域T1における各々のカウント値を比較して各々の極小値をそれぞれ求めて、それら極小値の位置を区切り基準点として決定する。具体的には、基準となる領域T1(ヒストグラム範囲)を決定したら、行に沿った領域T1を横軸として、カウント値の合計値を縦軸としたグラフG2を作成する。そして、そのグラフG2で極小値となっている点を区切り基準点として抽出する。この区切り基準点を、図6(b)の一部を拡大した図6(c)では区切り基準点D1とする。このステップS22は、この発明における区切り基準点決定工程に相当する。また、上述のステップS21およびこのステップS22で、この発明における区切り点決定工程を構成する。
ステップS22で区切り点基準点D1を決定したら、各々の区切り基準点D1に沿って各々の境界B1をそれぞれ再度描きなおす。具体的には、行に沿って描画された境界B1に対して垂直方向である列に沿って境界を再描画する。この再描画によって2次元位置マップMを区切り格子を作成して、ステップS21~S23からなる格子分割を行う。この再描画された境界を、図6(c)では境界B2とする。
ステップS21で設定された領域T1,T2を基準として、ステップS23で描きなおされた境界B2,B4ごとに順に隣接して移動しながら、修正対象となる区切り点の周囲の各々のカウント値を比較することで、修正対象となる区切り点の位置を修正する。本実施例の場合には、領域T1,T2が互いに交叉した領域が修正開始基準である。この修正開始基準は、区切り基準点D1でもあり、区切り基準点D2でもある基準点である。この修正開始基準から、図7(a)の矢印の方向(区切り点修正移動方向)に沿って各座標軸方向に修正し、この修正を順次隣接した境界B2,B4ごとに、言い換えれば隣接した区切り点ごとに移動しながら行うことで、全ての区切り点について修正を行う。
ステップS30で修正された各々の区切り点を比較することで区切り点の位置を再修正する。この再修正では、ステップS30での修正よりも小さいので、本明細書では「微修正」と定義する。本実施例では、修正対象の座標軸方向で互いに隣接する区切り点の座標の差分の絶対値(以下、「差分値」と略記する)を求め、最も座標の増分が大きい区切り点を1つ除いて残りの区切り点について差分値の平均値を求める。次に、各区切り点について、互いに隣接する区切り点との差分値の和がその差分値の平均値の所定倍(例えば4倍)以上であるか否かについて判定する。もし、互いに隣接する区切り点との差分値の和がその差分値の平均値の所定倍以上の場合には、その区切り点が突出した点で不連続性であるとして判定し、逆に、互いに隣接する区切り点との差分値の和がその差分値の平均値の所定倍未満の場合には、その区切り点は突出しておらず連続性を保っているとして判定する。そして、不連続性であると判定した場合には、互いに隣接する区切り点の座標の平均値を、微修正後の座標とすることで、区切り点の位置を微修正する。
このようにステップS40で微修正(再修正)された区切り点で区切られた領域分割結果(ステップS30の修正・ステップS40の微修正も考慮された領域T1,T2)に対して、2次元位置マップを縦横で区切った格子形状から抽出された特徴量を用いたマップ判定条件を適用して、判定適合を行う。
B.上端近くの格子の平均幅と下端近くの格子の平均幅との比率が、所定の比率以下
C.格子の幅の縦横比が1から乖離した格子が、所定の個数以下
D.格子の端部近傍における平均サイズが、中央における平均サイズよりも小さい
これらの条件のいずれかを満たす場合に、判定適合としてもよいし、これらの条件を複数組み合わせて、組み合わされた条件をすべて満たした場合に、判定適合としてもよい。
以上のステップS10~S50(ステップS21~S23も含む)を行うことで、2次元位置マップ校正部13はルックアップテーブル10から読み出して、2次元位置マップを書き換えて校正することでルックアップテーブルを作成する。
Claims (16)
- 1次元,2次元あるいは3次元に配置された複数のシンチレータ素子と、それらに光学的に結合された光センサとで構成された放射線検出器で放射線を検出する際に用いられる、前記光センサで得られた信号強度を前記シンチレータ素子に入射された前記放射線の入射位置に対応させて2次元状に表した2次元位置マップからルックアップテーブル作成する2次元位置マップ校正方法であって、
前記2次元位置マップの信号強度を縦軸にして前記2次元位置マップの座標軸方向を横軸にしてヒストグラム化してヒストグラムを取得するヒストグラム化工程と、
そのヒストグラム化工程で取得された前記ヒストグラムによる区切り点に区切られた領域に対して、前記2次元位置マップを縦横で区切った格子形状から抽出された特徴量を用いたマップ判定条件を適用するマップ判定工程と
を備え、
そのマップ判定工程で当該マップ判定条件を満たすまで前記区切り点に区切られた領域を変更して、前記マップ判定工程を繰り返すことを特徴とする2次元位置マップ校正方法。 - 請求項1に記載の2次元位置マップ校正方法において、
前記ヒストグラム化工程では、前記2次元位置マップの座標軸に沿って信号強度の総和を求め、その信号強度の総和を縦軸にして当該座標軸に直交する座標軸を横軸にしてヒストグラム化して前記ヒストグラムを取得することを特徴とする2次元位置マップ校正方法。 - 請求項1または請求項2に記載の2次元位置マップ校正方法において、
前記区切り点に区切られた領域に対して前記マップ判定条件を適用して、当該マップ判定条件を満たすまで前記区切り点に区切られた領域を、信号強度の総和が大きい順に変更して、前記マップ判定工程を繰り返すことを特徴とする2次元位置マップ校正方法。 - 請求項1から請求項3のいずれかに記載の2次元位置マップ校正方法において、
前記マップ判定工程での繰り返し回数が、予め設定された回数を超えた場合には校正を停止することを特徴とする2次元位置マップ校正方法。 - 請求項1から請求項4のいずれかに記載の2次元位置マップ校正方法において、
前記マップ判定工程で、前記区切り点に区切られた領域がなくなった場合には校正を停止することを特徴とする2次元位置マップ校正方法。 - 請求項1から請求項5のいずれかに記載の2次元位置マップ校正方法において、
前記ヒストグラムの各々の信号強度を比較して各々の極小値をそれぞれ求めて、それら極小値の位置を前記区切り点として決定する区切り点決定工程を備えることを特徴とする2次元位置マップ校正方法。 - 請求項6に記載の2次元位置マップ校正方法において、
前記区切り点決定工程は、基準とした前記区切り点を区切り基準点として決定する区切り基準点決定工程であることを特徴とする2次元位置マップ校正方法。 - 請求項6に記載の2次元位置マップ校正方法において、
前記区切り点決定工程は、
仮に基準とした前記区切り点を仮区切り基準点として決定する仮区切り基準点決定工程と、
その仮区切り基準点決定工程で決定された前記仮区切り基準点で区切られた領域における各々の信号強度を比較して各々の極小値をそれぞれ求めて、それら極小値の位置を、基準とした区切り点である区切り基準点として決定する区切り基準点決定工程と
であることを特徴とする2次元位置マップ校正方法。 - 請求項8に記載の2次元位置マップ校正方法において、
前記仮区切り基準点決定工程で決定された前記仮区切り基準点で、前記2次元位置マップの座標軸に沿って平行な直線からなる境界を引き、当該2次元位置マップを複数個の帯に分割し、前記境界に区切られた帯ごとに信号強度の総和をそれぞれ求めて、各帯での信号強度の総和をそれぞれ比較して、その総和が1番目あるいは2番目に大きい領域を、基準となるヒストグラム範囲として決定するヒストグラム範囲決定工程を備え、
前記区切り基準点決定工程では、そのヒストグラム範囲決定工程で決定された前記ヒストグラム範囲中の信号強度を比較して各々の極小値をそれぞれ求めて、それら極小値の位置を前記区切り基準点として決定することを特徴とする2次元位置マップ校正方法。 - 請求項7に記載の2次元位置マップ校正方法において、
前記区切り基準点決定工程で決定された前記区切り基準点に基づいて、修正対象となる前記区切り点の周囲の各々の信号強度を比較することで、前記修正対象となる区切り点の位置を修正する区切り点修正工程を備え、
その区切り点修正工程で修正した後に前記マップ判定条件を適用することを特徴とする2次元位置マップ校正方法。 - 請求項10に記載の2次元位置マップ校正方法において、
前記区切り点修正工程で修正された各々の区切り点を比較することで区切り点の位置を再修正する区切り点再修正工程を備え、
その区切り点再修正工程で再修正した後に前記マップ判定条件を適用することを特徴とすることを特徴とする2次元位置マップ校正方法。 - 請求項8に記載の2次元位置マップ校正方法において、
前記区切り基準点決定工程で決定された前記区切り基準点に基づいて、修正対象となる前記区切り点の周囲の各々の信号強度を比較することで、前記修正対象となる区切り点の位置を修正する区切り点修正工程を備え、
その区切り点修正工程で修正した後に前記マップ判定条件を適用することを特徴とする2次元位置マップ校正方法。 - 請求項12に記載の2次元位置マップ校正方法において、
前記区切り点修正工程で修正された各々の区切り点を比較することで区切り点の位置を再修正する区切り点再修正工程を備え、
その区切り点再修正工程で再修正した後に前記マップ判定条件を適用することを特徴とすることを特徴とする2次元位置マップ校正方法。 - 請求項1から請求項13のいずれかに記載の2次元位置マップ校正方法において、
前記マップ判定条件は、前記区切り点で区切られた格子の一方の端部における平均幅と他方の端部における平均幅との比率が、所定の比率以下であることを特徴とする2次元位置マップ校正方法。 - 請求項1から請求項14のいずれかに記載の2次元位置マップ校正方法において、
前記マップ判定条件は、前記区切り点で区切られた格子の幅の縦横比が1から乖離した格子が、所定の個数以下であることを特徴とする2次元位置マップ校正方法。 - 請求項1から請求項15のいずれかに記載の2次元位置マップ校正方法において、
前記マップ判定条件は、前記区切り点で区切られた格子の端部近傍における寸法が、中央における寸法よりも小さいことを特徴とする2次元位置マップ校正方法。
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