Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
  • F25B47/00—Arrangements for preventing or removing deposits or corrosion, not provided for in another subclass
  • F25B47/006—Arrangements for preventing or removing deposits or corrosion, not provided for in another subclass for preventing frost
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
  • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
  • B60H1/32—Cooling devices
  • B60H1/3204—Cooling devices using compression
  • B60H1/3205—Control means therefor
  • B60H1/321—Control means therefor for preventing the freezing of a heat exchanger
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
  • F25B41/00—Fluid-circulation arrangements
  • F25B41/20—Disposition of valves, e.g. of on-off valves or flow control valves
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
  • F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
  • F25B2400/04—Refrigeration circuit bypassing means
  • F25B2400/0403—Refrigeration circuit bypassing means for the condenser
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
  • F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
  • F25B2400/04—Refrigeration circuit bypassing means
  • F25B2400/0409—Refrigeration circuit bypassing means for the evaporator
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
  • F25B6/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, with several condenser circuits
  • F25B6/04—Compression machines, plants or systems, with several condenser circuits arranged in series

Definitions

• the invention relates to heating / air conditioning systems that equip some vehicles, possibly automotive type, and some buildings.
• heating / air conditioning systems are reversible heat pumps capable of operating in heating mode as in refrigeration mode. They include in particular for this purpose an internal condenser charged, in heating mode, to contribute to the heating of a so-called internal air by exchange with a heated refrigerant and under pressure, and an external evaporator charged, in heating mode, to heat the fluid Refrigerant cooled and depressurized by exchange with an air called outside.
• exchanging calories with the outside air such as for example an external evaporator or an external expander supplying an external evaporator
• internal an equipment involved in the process of exchanging calories with the indoor air
• internal such as an internal condenser or an internal evaporator or an internal pressure regulator supplying an internal evaporator
• a first solution in particular described in the document patent FR 2525330, consists in adding to the external evaporator ducts dedicated to defrosting in which circulates a heat transfer fluid from a cooling circuit (for example a vehicle engine).
• a cooling circuit for example a vehicle engine.
• the disadvantage of this first solution lies in the fact that it requires a major modification of the external evaporator.
• a second solution particularly described in patent GB 988874, consists in implanting the external evaporator in the same chamber as the internal condenser, so that the first can be heated by the refrigerant flowing in the second.
• the disadvantage of this second solution lies in the fact that it is very restrictive or impossible to implement in a motor vehicle, and detracts from overall performance.
• a third solution described in particular in US Pat. No. 5,586,448, consists in using an additional electric radiator to heat a heat-transfer fluid which is circulated in the external evaporator.
• the disadvantage of this third solution lies in the fact that it requires not only a modification of the external evaporator, but also an additional electric heating device, which is cumbersome and energy consuming (which is penalizing in terms of autonomy in the case of an electric or hybrid vehicle).
• the invention therefore aims to provide a heating / air conditioning system that does not have all or part of the aforementioned drawbacks.
• a heating / air conditioning system comprising:
• a clean internal condenser in heating mode, to contribute to the heating of a so-called internal air by exchange with the refrigerant coming from the compressor, - a clean external regulator, in heating mode, to cool the refrigerant (before it feeds the external evaporator),
• a clean external evaporator in heating mode, to heat the refrigerant from the external expansion valve by exchange with an air outside said, to supply the compressor, and
• an external condenser contiguous with the external evaporator and clean, in heating mode, to collect the refrigerant from the internal condenser to supply the external expansion valve and constitute a heat source for the adjacent external evaporator, so as to reduce the probability that the latter frost in the presence of an outside air having a low temperature.
• the external capacitor collects at its inlet a refrigerant from the internal capacitor partially gaseous and partially liquid form to provide at its output a refrigerant in liquid form.
• the refrigerant is in gaseous form.
• the condensation of the refrigerant from the gas phase to the liquid phase is therefore carried out in two parts, a part at the internal condenser first, the other part at the external condenser then.
• the presence of the external condenser allows to transmit more calories and therefore more heat to the external evaporator, which further reduces the risk of frost of the external evaporator.
• the installation according to the invention may comprise other features that can be taken separately or in combination, and in particular:
• its external condenser and its external evaporator may constitute two contiguous sub-parts of the same heat exchanger or two independent and contiguous heat exchangers;
• it can comprise a clean internal regulator, in refrigeration mode, to cool the refrigerant, and a clean internal evaporator, in refrigeration mode, to cool the indoor air by exchange with the refrigerant from the internal expansion valve;
• its external condenser can be clean, in refrigeration mode, with cooling the refrigerant from the compressor by exchange with the outside air, to supply the pre-cooled refrigerant the internal expansion valve;
• first three-way type valve and comprising an input coupled to the output of the compressor, a first output coupled to the input of the internal condenser and a second output coupled to a first input / output of the external condenser;
• it may comprise a second three-way type valve and comprising an input coupled to the output of the internal condenser, an output coupled to the input of the internal evaporator, and an input / output coupled to a second input / output of the condenser external;
• it may comprise a third three-way type valve and comprising a first input coupled to the second output of the first valve, an output coupled to the input of the external expander, and an input / output coupled to the first input / output of said first valve; external condenser;
• a fourth three-way type valve comprising a first input coupled to the output of the internal evaporator, a second input coupled to the output of the external evaporator, and an output coupled to the input of the compressor;
• Its internal condenser can be clean, in heating mode, to heat the indoor air by exchange with the refrigerant from the compressor;
• its internal condenser may be clean, in heating mode, to heat, by exchange with the refrigerant which is derived from the compressor, a coolant which is intended to supply a clean heater to heat the indoor air by heat exchange .
• the invention also proposes a vehicle, possibly of automobile type, comprising a heating / air-conditioning installation of the type presented above.
• FIG. 1 schematically and functionally illustrates a first example embodiment of a heating / air conditioning system according to the invention, in heating mode
• FIG. 2 diagrammatically and functionally illustrates a second exemplary embodiment of a heating / cooling installation according to the invention, in heating mode, and
• FIG. 3 schematically and functionally illustrates the heating / air conditioning system of Figure 1 in refrigeration mode.
• the object of the invention is to propose a heating / air conditioning (IC) installation of the reversible heat pump type.
• the heating / air conditioning (IC) system is part of a motor vehicle, such as a car, possibly of "all-electric” or “all-electric” type. hybrid". But, the invention is not limited to this application. It concerns indeed any heating / air conditioning system of the reversible heat pump type, whether intended to be installed in a vehicle or in a building.
• FIGS. 1 to 3 show diagrammatically two examples of embodiments of a heating / air-conditioning installation IC, according to the invention.
• the first exemplary embodiment, illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 3 is for example intended to be implanted in an electric motor vehicle or a building.
• the second exemplary embodiment, illustrated in FIG. 2 is for example intended to be implanted in a hybrid motor vehicle.
• An IC heating / cooling system is intended to operate in heating mode or refrigeration mode as required. It includes in particular for this purpose a compressor CP, an internal condenser CDI, an external expander DTE, an external evaporator EE, and an external condenser CDE which all intervene at least in the heating mode.
• the compressor CP is responsible for heating and pressurizing a refrigerant which, in heating mode, comes from the external evaporator EE.
• the internal condenser CDI only intervenes in the heating mode. It is responsible for contributing to the heating of a so-called interior air (which comes here from inside the passenger compartment of the vehicle) by exchange with the refrigerant converted into hot gas and pressurized by the compressor CP. It delivers on its output a refrigerant liquid phase partially cooled during the exchange with the indoor air.
• the internal condenser CDI is of gas / air type. It is therefore responsible for heating the indoor air that passes through it by exchange with the refrigerant (hot and pressurized gas) flowing in its ducts or between its stacked plates.
• the internal condenser CDI is of gas / liquid type. It is therefore responsible for heating a heat transfer fluid, which circulates in some of its conduits or between parts of its stacked plates and which is derived from a cooling circuit, by exchange with the refrigerant (hot and pressurized gas) circulating in some others of its ducts or between certain other parts of its stacked plates. This heated heat transfer fluid then regains the cooling circuit to supply a pump PE, itself responsible for supplying a heater AR which is charged, in heating mode, to heat the internal air that passes through it by exchange with the heated heat transfer fluid . Conventionally, the heat transfer fluid leaving the heater AR feeds the portion of the cooling circuit that passes through the engine MR and feeds the internal condenser CDI.
• cooler here means an air / liquid type heat exchanger.
• the heater AR may possibly be part of the IC installation.
• the external expansion valve DTE only intervenes in the heating mode. It is responsible for cooling and depressurizing the refrigerant which is derived from the external condenser CDI, before it feeds the external evaporator EE. It delivers a cooled and depressurized liquid.
• the external evaporator EE only intervenes in the heating mode. It is responsible for heating the refrigerant (cooled and depressurized liquid) which comes from the external regulator DTE by exchange with the outside air (cold), that is to say absorption of calories contained in the outside air. It delivers an output refrigerant, gas phase and slightly heated, which is intended to supply the compressor CP.
• the external condenser CDE is contiguous with the external evaporator
• contiguous here refers to being in contact with the external evaporator EE, or in the immediate vicinity of the latter (EE), typically a few centimeters, or else nested in the external evaporator EE.
• the external condenser CDE is charged, in heating mode, to collect the refrigerant, which is derived from the internal condenser CDI, to supply with this refrigerant the external expansion valve DTE and constitute a heat source for the external evaporator EE contiguous. It will be understood that this heat source (which constitutes the external condenser CDE) is likely to reduce the probability that the external evaporator EE frost in the presence of an outside air whose temperature is low.
• frost will only appear in the presence of a low outside temperature, a high hygrometry and a low outdoor air speed.
• the heating of the external evaporator EE can be done by thermal conduction, in case of interlocking or mechanical contact with the external condenser CDE, and / or through the outside air which has been heated during its passage through the external condenser CDE (which requires that the latter (CDE) is placed upstream of the external evaporator EE vis-à-vis the outside air flow, as shown).
• the external condenser CDE and the external evaporator EE may constitute two contiguous sub-parts (possibly nested) of one and the same heat exchanger or two independent and contiguous heat exchangers.
• the external condenser CDE can also operate in refrigeration mode.
• the installation must also comprise an internal expansion valve DTI and an internal evaporator El, as illustrated in FIGS. 1 to 3.
• the internal expansion valve DTI only intervenes in the refrigeration mode. It is responsible for cooling and depressurizing the refrigerant (in the liquid phase), which is derived from the external condenser CDE, before it reaches the internal evaporator El.
• the internal evaporator El also intervenes only in the refrigeration mode. It is responsible for cooling the internal air that passes through it by heat exchange with the cooled refrigerant and depressurized (in liquid phase) which is derived from the internal expansion valve DTI.
• the external condenser CDE is responsible for pre-cooling the refrigerant (hot and pressurized gas), which comes from the compressor CP, by heat exchange with the outside air, in order to supply the internal regulator DTI with pre-cooled refrigerant (in the liquid phase).
• the latter may comprise at least one of the valves Vj, three-way type, presented below:
• the installation IC may optionally comprise one or more dehydration tanks RD1, RD2.
• the installation IC comprises a first dewatering tank RD1 implanted between a first input / output of the external condenser CDE and the inlet of the external expansion valve DTE, and a second dewatering tank RD2 implanted between a second input / output external condenser CDE and the inlet of the internal evaporator El.
• the heating mode of the installation IC is indicated by arrows in FIGS. 1 and 2.
• the refrigerant flows from the compressor CP to the internal condenser CDI where it serves (FIG. 1) or only contributes (FIG. ) to heat the indoor air by heat exchange.
• the first valve V1 is then configured to direct the refrigerant to the internal condenser CDI.
• the refrigerant goes from the internal condenser CDI to the external condenser CDE, via the second valve V2 which is configured for this purpose. It then heats the external evaporator EE contiguous and thus allows it is not or little frost.
• the refrigerant goes from the external condenser CDE to the external expander DTE, via the third valve V3 which is configured for this purpose. It is then partially cooled and depressurized. Then, the refrigerant goes from the external expander DTE to the external evaporator EE where it is cooled by heat exchange with the outside air. Finally, the refrigerant goes from the external evaporator EE to the compressor CP where it is converted into heated and pressurized gas via the fourth valve V4 which is configured for this purpose.
• the cooling mode of the installation IC is shown by arrows in FIG. 3.
• the refrigerant flows from the compressor CP to the external condenser CDE where it is partially cooled by heat exchange with the outside air.
• the first V1 and third V3 valves are configured for this purpose.
• the refrigerant goes from the external condenser CDE to the internal expansion valve DTI where it is cooled and depressurized, via the second valve V2 which is configured for this purpose.
• the refrigerant goes from the internal expansion valve DTI to the internal evaporator El where it cools by heat exchange the indoor air that passes through the latter (El).
• the refrigerant goes from the internal evaporator El to the compressor CP where it is converted into heated gas and pressurized via the fourth valve V4 which is configured for this purpose.
• the invention offers a number of advantages, among which:
• thermodynamic cycle of the installation when the outside temperature is cold, or even very cold, without significantly increasing its complexity, by reducing the enthalpy at the inlet of the evaporator external, thus increasing the evaporation energy of the latter for the same flow of circulating refrigerant and therefore the same energy consumed.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Thermal Sciences (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Air-Conditioning For Vehicles (AREA)

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Publications (1)

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ID=43027449

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Cited By (3)

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Citations (6)

Family Cites Families (19)

• 2010
  • 2010-05-25 FR FR1054015A patent/FR2960628B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 2011
  • 2011-04-21 CN CN201180035878.3A patent/CN103025550B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2011-04-21 ES ES11731440.1T patent/ES2534919T3/es active Active
  • 2011-04-21 BR BR112012029728-7A patent/BR112012029728B1/pt active IP Right Grant
  • 2011-04-21 US US13/698,941 patent/US20130055747A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2011-04-21 WO PCT/FR2011/050920 patent/WO2011148071A1/fr not_active Ceased
  • 2011-04-21 JP JP2013511719A patent/JP5991965B2/ja active Active
  • 2011-04-21 EP EP11731440.1A patent/EP2576255B1/fr active Active

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