WO2011140857A1 - 一种电动汽车驱动系统 - Google Patents

一种电动汽车驱动系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011140857A1
WO2011140857A1 PCT/CN2011/071712 CN2011071712W WO2011140857A1 WO 2011140857 A1 WO2011140857 A1 WO 2011140857A1 CN 2011071712 W CN2011071712 W CN 2011071712W WO 2011140857 A1 WO2011140857 A1 WO 2011140857A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
motor
electric vehicle
controlling
brake
speed regulating
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2011/071712
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
李峰
秦兴权
李昱
李宝
张雁桥
何强
Original Assignee
北汽福田汽车股份有限公司
北京五源通汽车电子科技有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from CN2010101758070A external-priority patent/CN101844511B/zh
Priority claimed from CN201010245479.7A external-priority patent/CN102343828B/zh
Application filed by 北汽福田汽车股份有限公司, 北京五源通汽车电子科技有限公司 filed Critical 北汽福田汽车股份有限公司
Priority to DE112011101648T priority Critical patent/DE112011101648T5/de
Priority to US13/697,999 priority patent/US9039558B2/en
Priority to JP2013510485A priority patent/JP5558630B2/ja
Publication of WO2011140857A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011140857A1/zh

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Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H37/00Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00
    • F16H37/02Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings
    • F16H37/06Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts
    • F16H37/08Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B60K1/02Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units comprising more than one electric motor
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K17/00Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
    • B60K17/04Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing
    • B60K17/12Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing of electric gearing
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K17/00Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
    • B60K17/34Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles
    • B60K17/356Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles having fluid or electric motor, for driving one or more wheels
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L15/00Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles
    • B60L15/20Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles for control of the vehicle or its driving motor to achieve a desired performance, e.g. speed, torque, programmed variation of speed
    • B60L15/2045Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles for control of the vehicle or its driving motor to achieve a desired performance, e.g. speed, torque, programmed variation of speed for optimising the use of energy
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/10Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines
    • B60L50/16Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines with provision for separate direct mechanical propulsion
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/60Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
    • B60L50/61Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries by batteries charged by engine-driven generators, e.g. series hybrid electric vehicles
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K7/00Disposition of motor in, or adjacent to, traction wheel
    • B60K2007/0092Disposition of motor in, or adjacent to, traction wheel the motor axle being coaxial to the wheel axle
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K7/00Disposition of motor in, or adjacent to, traction wheel
    • B60K7/0007Disposition of motor in, or adjacent to, traction wheel the motor being electric
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2210/00Converter types
    • B60L2210/10DC to DC converters
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/42Drive Train control parameters related to electric machines
    • B60L2240/421Speed
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/42Drive Train control parameters related to electric machines
    • B60L2240/423Torque
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60YINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
    • B60Y2400/00Special features of vehicle units
    • B60Y2400/61Arrangements of controllers for electric machines, e.g. inverters
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/62Hybrid vehicles
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/64Electric machine technologies in electromobility
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/72Electric energy management in electromobility

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a vehicle drive system, and more particularly to an electric vehicle drive system. Background technique
  • an object of the present invention is to provide an electric vehicle drive system.
  • the electric vehicle drive system has the advantages of simple structure, convenient assembly, low manufacturing cost, and good power performance and endurance.
  • the present invention provides an electric vehicle drive system, the system comprising: an energy storage device; a first motor electrically connected to the energy storage device; a speed control motor electrically connected to the energy storage device; a single row planetary gear mechanism comprising a sun gear, a ring gear and a planet carrier having planet wheels, wherein the planet wheels on the planet carrier mesh with the ring gear and the sun gear, respectively, the output shaft of the first motor The ring gear is connected, and an output shaft of the speed regulating motor passes through a brake and the The sun wheel is connected.
  • the utility model has the advantages that the automobile power output device has the advantages of: replacing the gearbox in the transmission drive system with the speed regulating motor + single-row planetary gear mechanism, so that the structure of the entire powertrain is simple and compact, easy to assemble, light in weight, and manufacturing cost. low.
  • the first motor can work as much as possible in the high-efficiency speed range, which improves the energy utilization rate and increases the cruising range.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of an electric vehicle driving system provided by the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a graph showing the efficiency characteristics of the first motor
  • FIG. 4 is a view showing an electric vehicle driving system according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of an electric vehicle drive system according to a third embodiment of the present invention. detailed description
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of an electric vehicle driving system provided by the present invention.
  • the present invention provides an electric vehicle driving system, comprising: an energy storage device 1; a first motor 2 electrically connected to the energy storage device 1; a speed regulating motor 3, and the storage device
  • the device 1 is electrically connected; and the single-row planetary gear mechanism includes a sun gear 4, a ring gear 5 and a planet carrier 6 having a planet gear 7, wherein the planet gears 7 on the planet carrier 6 and the ring gear 5 and The sun gear 4 is meshed, the output shaft of the first motor 2 is connected to the ring gear 5, and the output shaft of the speed regulating motor 3 is passed through a system.
  • the actuator 8 is connected to the sun gear 4.
  • the speed regulating motor 3 can be a high-speed, low-power motor compared to the first motor 2, and the first motor 2 can be a permanent magnet synchronous motor or a permanent magnet brushless brush commonly used in electric vehicles. Motor.
  • the brake 8 is used to lock the connection between the speed regulating motor 3 and the sun gear 4 to prevent mechanical energy from being transmitted between the two.
  • the brake 8 can be any brake 8 that can achieve the braking effect.
  • each motor has a high efficiency zone and a low efficiency zone
  • Fig. 2 is a graph of the efficiency characteristics of the first motor 2.
  • the speed regulating motor 3 can drive the sun gear 4 when the first motor 2 operates in the low efficiency zone, so that the first motor 2 connected to the ring gear 5 works as much as possible in the speed interval nl corresponding to the high efficiency zone.
  • -n2 to improve energy utilization and improve the cruising range of electric vehicles.
  • the electric vehicle drive system may further include: a final drive 9 that meshes with an output wheel of the carrier 6; and a front axle differential 10 that is disposed on the front axle output shaft 11, and The final drive 9 is connected to output the power transmitted by the final drive 9 through the front axle differential 10 to the front axle output shaft 11.
  • an electric vehicle front wheel drive system is formed.
  • Reference numeral 12 in Fig. 3 denotes a wheel mounted to the front axle output shaft 11.
  • the electric vehicle drive system may further include a controller electrically connected to the first motor 2, the speed regulating motor 3, and the brake 8, and may perform the following operations according to the electric vehicle operating conditions.
  • a controller electrically connected to the first motor 2, the speed regulating motor 3, and the brake 8, and may perform the following operations according to the electric vehicle operating conditions. The following is a detailed description of the operation of the controller:
  • the starting point of an electric car is usually divided into two types. One is to start on the ground. At this time, the driver only needs to lightly step on the accelerator, and the other is to start on the ramp. At this time, the driver needs to step on the accelerator.
  • the first motor 2 When the electric vehicle is in the flat starting condition, the first motor 2 is controlled to be turned on and in the electric working mode, the speed regulating motor 3 is controlled to be closed, and the control brake 8 is locked. In this case, the brake 8 is locked, so that the sun gear 4 in the single-row planetary gear mechanism can be fixed, so that only the first motor 2 drives the ring gear 5 to rotate, so that the first motor 2 and the starting vehicle speed are fixed. Proportional relationship In the control (equivalent to the first gear used when starting the gearbox), the ring gear 5 and the carrier 6 act to cause the carrier 6 to operate, and the carrier 6 drives the final drive 9 and the front axle differential 10 to satisfy The kinetic energy of the demand is transmitted to the front axle output shaft 11, thereby driving the wheels to rotate to drive the car.
  • the first motor 2 and the speed regulating motor 3 are controlled to be turned on and in the electric working mode, and the brake 8 is controlled to be unlocked. At this time, the electric power of the electric vehicle is simultaneously supplied by the first motor 2 and the speed regulating motor 3, so that it is suitable for the driving mode in which the driver slams on the throttle.
  • the rotation speed of the wheel 4 is the rotation speed of the ring gear 5, so the rotation speed of the first motor 2 can be adjusted by the speed control motor 3, so that the first motor 2 can be in a high speed range, as shown in FIG.
  • the first motor 2 and the speed-regulating motor 3 are controlled to be turned on and in an electric working mode, and the brake 8 is controlled to be unlocked. At this time, the electric power demand of the electric vehicle is large, and the power is simultaneously supplied by the first motor 2 and the speed regulating motor 3, thereby satisfying the demand for torque of the electric vehicle.
  • the first motor 2 When the electric vehicle is in the deceleration braking condition, the first motor 2 is controlled to be turned on and in the power generating operation mode, the speed regulating motor 3 is controlled to be closed, and the brake 8 is controlled to be locked. At this time, the mechanical energy of the front axle output shaft 11 drives the first motor 2 to operate, so that the first motor 2 transmits the generated electric energy to the energy storage device 1. At this time, the locking of the brake 8 can prevent the mechanical energy of the front axle output shaft 11 from driving the speed regulating motor 3 to idle, so that the mechanical energy can be used to drive the first motor 2 as much as possible to generate more electric energy.
  • the first motor 2 and the speed regulating motor 3 are controlled to be turned off, and the brake 8 is controlled to be unlocked. This allows the electric car to have a good start/stop function and can be started in a short time.
  • the controller can judge various working conditions according to signals obtained from steering wheels, brakes, accelerator pedals, and various sensors on the electric vehicle (for example, a vehicle speed sensor, an engine speed sensor, a motor speed sensor, etc.), thereby different according to different conditions.
  • the determination of the operating condition based on the signal obtained from the sensor can be set by a person of ordinary skill in the art in accordance with the common knowledge in the art according to the actual operation of the vehicle, and is not the focus of the present invention, and will not be further described herein.
  • the electric vehicle drive system may further include: a second motor 14 electrically connected to the energy storage device 1; a rear axle reducer 15 connected to an output shaft of the second motor 14;
  • the rear axle differential 16 is disposed on the rear axle output shaft 17 and is coupled to the rear axle reducer 15 to output the power transmitted by the rear axle reducer 15 through the rear axle differential 16 to the rear axle.
  • Reference numeral 12 in Fig. 4 also denotes wheels mounted to the front axle output shaft 11 and the rear axle output shaft 17.
  • the electric vehicle driving system further includes a controller electrically connected to the first motor 2, the second motor 14, the speed regulating motor 3, and the brake 8, and can perform the following operations according to the electric vehicle working condition. .
  • a controller electrically connected to the first motor 2, the second motor 14, the speed regulating motor 3, and the brake 8, and can perform the following operations according to the electric vehicle working condition. .
  • the following is a detailed description of the operation of the controller:
  • the first motor 2 When the electric vehicle is in the flat starting condition, the first motor 2 is controlled to be turned on and in the electric working mode, and the speed regulating motor 3 and the second motor 14 are controlled to be closed, and the brake 8 is controlled to be locked. At this time, because the power demand of the electric vehicle is not high, the vehicle can be driven by a predecessor. In this case, the brake 8 is locked, so that the sun gear 4 in the single-row planetary gear mechanism can be fixed, so that only the first motor 2 drives the ring gear 5 to rotate, so that the first motor 2 and the starting vehicle speed are fixed.
  • the first motor 2 and the second motor 14 are controlled to be turned on and in the electric working mode, the speed regulating motor 3 is controlled to be closed, and the brake 8 is controlled to be locked.
  • the electric power of the electric vehicle is simultaneously supplied by the first motor 2 and the second motor 14, and is started in a four-wheel drive manner, thereby being suitable for the driving mode in which the driver slams on the accelerator.
  • the first motor 2 and the speed regulating motor 3 are controlled to be turned on and in the electric working mode, and the second motor 14 is controlled to be closed, and the brake 8 is controlled to be unlocked.
  • the vehicle can be driven by the first motor 2 and the speed regulating motor 3 in a pre-drive manner, and the rotation speed of the first motor 2 can be adjusted by the speed regulating motor 3, so that the first The motor 2 can be in a high speed range.
  • the first motor 2, the second motor 14 and the speed regulating motor 3 are controlled to be turned on and in an electric working mode, and the brake 8 is controlled not to be locked.
  • the electric vehicle has a large power demand, and the three provide the kinetic energy to the electric vehicle at the same time.
  • the first motor 2 is controlled to be turned on and in the power generating operation mode, and the speed regulating motor 3 and the second motor 14 are controlled to be closed, and the brake 8 is controlled to be locked.
  • the first motor 2, the second motor 14 and the speed regulating motor 3 are controlled to be turned off, and the brake 8 is controlled to be unlocked. This allows the electric car to have a good start/stop function and can be started in a short time.
  • this embodiment adds rear wheel drive and has the advantages of the four-wheel drive system, mainly in the following four aspects:
  • the four-wheel drive system provides powerful dynamic performance under normal driving conditions (flat road surface and sufficient road adhesion). (2) At high speeds, the four-wheel drive system can increase driving stability due to increased wind resistance.
  • the front wheel drive may have understeer when the vehicle accelerates to turn.
  • the rear wheel drive tends to oversteer when the vehicle accelerates to turn, and the four-wheel drive system can distribute the front and rear wheel drive forces according to the driving state of the vehicle. Greatly improve the steering performance of the vehicle.
  • the four-wheel drive system can reduce the torque output of the front wheels and the torque output of the rear axle motor when the front wheels are slipping; When slipping, the torque output of the rear axle motor can be reduced and driven by the front axle motor. Thereby, the vehicle can be prevented from slipping and the passing property of the vehicle can be improved.
  • controller controls the first motor 2 and the second motor 14 to achieve the above advantages, reference may be made to the control mode of the conventional four-wheel drive system, which has been constructed in the prior art and will not be described herein.
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of an electric vehicle drive system according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
  • the electric vehicle drive system may further include: two hub motors 18 respectively located on the two rear wheels 12 of the vehicle and electrically connected to the energy storage device 1 for directly driving the vehicle Wheel 12.
  • an electric vehicle front and rear wheel drive system is formed.
  • the difference between the front and rear wheel drive system and the front and rear wheel drive system in the second embodiment is that it does not include a rear axle output shaft and is located on the rear axle output shaft.
  • the rear axle reducer 15 and the rear axle differential 16 have two rear wheels 12 that are independently driven directly by the two hub motors 18, respectively.
  • the electric vehicle driving system further includes a controller electrically connected to the first motor 2, the two hub motors 18, the speed regulating motor 3, and the brake 8, and can be operated according to the electric vehicle.
  • a controller electrically connected to the first motor 2, the two hub motors 18, the speed regulating motor 3, and the brake 8, and can be operated according to the electric vehicle.
  • the first motor 2 When the electric vehicle is in the flat starting condition, the first motor 2 is controlled to be turned on and in the electric working mode, and the speed regulating motor 3 and the two hub motors 18 are controlled to be closed, and the brake 8 is controlled to be locked. At this time, because the power demand of the electric vehicle is not high, the vehicle can be driven by a predecessor. In this case, the brake 8 is locked, so that the sun gear 4 in the single-row planetary gear mechanism can be fixed, so that only the first motor 2 drives the ring gear 5 to rotate, thereby causing the first motor 2 to start.
  • the speed of the vehicle has a fixed proportional relationship, which is convenient for control (equivalent to the first gear used when starting the gearbox).
  • the ring gear 5 and the carrier 6 act to cause the carrier 6 to operate, and the carrier 6 drives the final drive 9 and
  • the front axle differential 10 transmits kinetic energy that satisfies the demand to the front axle output shaft 11, thereby driving the wheels to rotate to drive the car.
  • the first motor 2 and the two hub motors 18 are controlled to be turned on and in the electric working mode, the speed regulating motor 3 is controlled to be closed, and the brake 8 is controlled to be locked. At this time, the electric power of the electric vehicle is simultaneously supplied by the first motor 2 and the two hub motors 18, so that it is suitable for the driving mode in which the driver slams on the throttle.
  • the first motor 2 and the speed regulating motor 3 are controlled to be turned on and in the electric working mode, and the two hub motors 18 are controlled to be closed, and the brake 8 is controlled to be unlocked.
  • the vehicle can be driven by the first motor 2 and the speed regulating motor 3, and the rotation speed of the first motor 2 can be adjusted by the speed regulating motor 3, so that the first The motor 2 can be in a high speed range.
  • the first motor 2, the two hub motors 18, and the speed regulating motor 3 are turned on and in an electric working mode, and the brake 8 is controlled to be unlocked.
  • the electric vehicle has a large power demand, and the power is provided by the four at the same time, thereby meeting the demand for torque of the electric vehicle.
  • the first motor 2 is controlled to be turned on and in the power generating operation mode, and the speed regulating motor 3 and the two hub motors 18 are controlled to be closed, and the brake 8 is controlled to be locked.
  • the first motor 2, the two hub motors 18, and the speed regulating motor 3 are controlled to be closed, and the brake 8 is controlled to be unlocked. This allows the electric car to have a good start/stop function and can be started in a short time.
  • the two rear wheels are respectively driven by two independent hub motors 18, which can have the following advantages on the basis of the advantages of the second embodiment: (1) Braking can be achieved in a manner that provides a braking torque to the hub motor 18, so that ABS, ESP, and other braking devices used in conventional electric vehicles can be omitted.
  • the stability of the vehicle can be achieved in such a manner that the hub motor 18 provides a braking torque or a driving torque, thereby realizing an ESP-like function.
  • controller controls the hub motor 18 to achieve the above advantages, reference may be made to the control of the conventional four-wheel drive and/or four-wheel independent drive system, which has been constructed in the prior art and will not be described again.
  • the controller can turn off the faulty motor and drive the electric vehicle with other motors to drive the electric car home or repair. Make repairs.
  • the fault detection it can be detected in various ways. For example, the controller can calculate the difference between the actual speed of the motor and the desired speed in real time, if the difference is in a long time (for example, 15 minutes to 2 hours) If both exceed a predetermined value (for example, 150 - 600 rpm), it is judged that the motor has malfunctioned.
  • a predetermined value for example, 150 - 600 rpm
  • variable speed motor 3 for the variable speed motor 3, its desired rotational speed exists with the desired rotational speed of the first motor A fixed proportional relationship, the ratio being determined by the single row of planetary gear mechanisms.
  • motor refers to a machine that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy and/or converts electrical energy into mechanical energy.
  • the first motor 1 has a power generation mode and an electric mode.
  • the motor and the other motor are motors having only the electric mode.
  • the present invention is not limited thereto, and the first motor 1 may be a motor having only an electric mode (in this case, the energy storage device is omitted when the electric vehicle is braked) 1 Reverse charging function), the other motor may also be a motor having a power generation mode and an electric mode (if necessary, a function of reverse charging the energy storage device 1 when the electric vehicle brakes).
  • the first motor 1 may be a motor having only an electric mode (in this case, the energy storage device is omitted when the electric vehicle is braked) 1 Reverse charging function)
  • the other motor may also be a motor having a power generation mode and an electric mode (if necessary, a function of reverse charging the energy storage device 1 when the electric vehicle brakes).
  • the energy storage device 1 may include: a battery 19; and a DC/DC converter 20 electrically connected to the battery 19 Connected for DC/DC conversion of the output of the battery 19 and/or the input to the battery 19.
  • the DC/DC converter 20 can boost or step down the power output from the battery 19 to meet the power demand of the entire electric vehicle, for example, for the first motor 2, the speed regulating motor 3,
  • the DC/DC converter 20 needs to boost the power output from the battery 19, and supplies the boosted power to the high voltage devices to meet its operation. demand.
  • the battery 19 can be a lithium iron phosphate or lithium manganese oxide battery.
  • the energy storage device 1 may further include a capacitor 21 disposed between the DC/DC converter 20 and the battery 19 for the battery 19 to be braked by the electric vehicle.
  • a capacitor 21 disposed between the DC/DC converter 20 and the battery 19 for the battery 19 to be braked by the electric vehicle.
  • a large pulse current is prevented from flowing into the battery 19 to protect the battery 19.
  • the small capacity of the capacitor 21 affects the effect of the battery 19 recovering power during braking, and the large capacity is costly, and the preferred size is 1500-1600 Fo.
  • the energy storage device 1 further includes a battery management system 22 electrically connected to the battery 19 for managing charging and discharging of the battery 19 and balancing of the battery 19, thereby improving The service life of the battery 19.
  • a battery management system 22 electrically connected to the battery 19 for managing charging and discharging of the battery 19 and balancing of the battery 19, thereby improving The service life of the battery 19.
  • the invention is a technical scheme designed according to the technical indexes of pure electric vehicles and analyzing the characteristics of electric vehicles at home and abroad, comprehensive power, economy and vehicle cost requirements, which cancels the gearbox in the traditional structure and adopts speed regulation.
  • the motor 3 and the single-row planetary gear mechanism make the structure of the entire powertrain simple and compact, easy to assemble, light in weight, low in manufacturing cost, increase the speed regulation range of the first motor 2, improve energy utilization, and increase cruising range.
  • the electric vehicle drive system of the present invention can select different driving modes according to working conditions: front drive, rear drive and full drive.
  • the speed regulating motor 3 can adjust the speed of the first motor 2, so that the first motor 2 operates in the most efficient speed range, and the whole vehicle can reach the maximum mileage of the battery 19.
  • the full-drive driving mode can be adopted, so that the whole vehicle has the best power. If the first motor 2 for performing the precursor fails, the second motor 14 or the hub motor can be driven to travel using the rear drive.

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Description

一种电动汽车驱动系统
技术领域
本发明涉及一种车辆驱动系统, 特别涉及一种电动汽车驱动系统。 背景技术
目前, 由于燃油汽车对环境的污染以及国际石油价格的不断攀升, 纯电 动汽车作为绿色新能源技术的一个分支, 具有零排放、 噪声低、 结构相对简 单、 可以实现交通能源来源多元化等优点, 逐渐为人们所关注, 市场份额也 逐年增加。 但是, 纯电动汽车仍有很多不如人意的缺点, 现有的纯电动汽车 采用的驱动机构仍为电动机 +变速箱的模式, 由于变速箱存在结构复杂、 装 配困难、 重量重、 制造成本高等不足, 会大大增加整车的生产成本。 另外, 传统纯电动汽车还由于电池电量和电动机功率的原因而具有突出表现为行 驶里程短、 动力性较差等缺点, 这些均成为了纯电动汽车广泛推广的主要瓶 颈。 发明内容
针对上述提出的技术问题,本发明的目的在于提供一种电动汽车驱动系 统。 该电动汽车驱动系统具有结构简单、 装配方便、 制造成本低且动力性能 与续航能力好的优点。
为达到上述目的, 本发明提供一种电动汽车驱动系统, 该系统包括: 储 能装置; 第一电机, 与所述储能装置电连接; 调速电机, 与所述储能装置电 连接; 以及单排行星齿轮机构,包括太阳轮、齿圈以及具有行星轮的行星架, 其中该行星架上的行星轮分别与所述齿圈和所述太阳轮啮合,所述第一电机 的输出轴与所述齿圈相连, 且所述调速电机的输出轴通过一制动器与所述太 阳轮相连。
本发明的汽车动力输出装置的有益效果在于: 利用调速电机 +单排行星 齿轮机构代替了传动驱动系统中的变速箱, 使得整个动力总成的结构简单紧 凑、 装配容易、 重量轻、 制造成本低。 另外, 通过调速电机的调速, 可使得 第一电机尽量工作于高效率转速范围, 提高了能量利用率, 增加续航里程。 附图说明
图 1为本发明提供的电动汽车驱动系统的结构示意图;
图 2为第一电机的效率特性图;
图 3为根据本发明第一实施方式的电动汽车驱动系统的
图 4为根据本发明第二实施方式的电动汽车驱动系统的
Figure imgf000004_0001
图 5为根据本发明第三实施方式的电动汽车驱动系统的结构示意图。 具体实施方式
为了让本发明的上述和其他目的、 特征和优点能更明显, 下文将配合所 附图示, 作详细说明如下。 此外, 在本发明的说明中, 相同的构件以相同的 符号表示, 于此合先叙明。 需要说明的是, 图 1-图 5中的虚线代表电连接, 实线代表机械连接。
图 1为本发明提供的电动汽车驱动系统的结构示意图。 如图 1所示, 本 发明提供了一种电动汽车驱动系统, 该系统包括: 储能装置 1 ; 第一电机 2, 与所述储能装置 1电连接; 调速电机 3, 与所述储能装置 1电连接; 以及单 排行星齿轮机构, 包括太阳轮 4、 齿圈 5以及具有行星轮 7的行星架 6, 其 中该行星架 6上的行星轮 7分别与所述齿圈 5和所述太阳轮 4啮合,所述第 一电机 2的输出轴与所述齿圈 5相连,且所述调速电机 3的输出轴通过一制 动器 8与所述太阳轮 4相连。
其中, 相比于所述第一电机 2, 所述调速电机 3可为高转速、 小功率电 机,所述第一电机 2可采用电动汽车上通常使用的永磁同步电机或永磁无刷 电机。 所述制动器 8用于对调速电机 3与太阳轮 4之间的连接进行锁止, 防 止机械能在两者之间传递。制动器 8可采用能完成制动效果的任何制动器 8。
如本领域所公知的, 每一电机存在高效率区和低效率区, 图 2为第一电 机 2的效率特性图。 所述调速电机 3可在第一电机 2工作于低效率区时, 通 过驱动太阳轮 4, 使得与齿圈 5相连的第一电机 2尽可能工作于与高效率区 相对应的速度区间 nl-n2内, 以此提高能量利用率, 提升电动汽车的续航里 程。
图 3为根据本发明第一实施方式的电动汽车驱动系统的结构示意图。如 图 3所示, 所述电动汽车驱动系统还可包括: 主减速器 9, 与所述行星架 6 的输出轮啮合; 以及前轴差速器 10, 设于前轴输出轴 11上, 并与所述主减 速器 9相连, 以将该主减速器 9通过该前轴差速器 10传递的动力输出至前 轴输出轴 11。 在此形成了一种电动车辆前轮驱动系统。 图 3中的标号 12代 表安装于前轴输出轴 11的车轮。
优选地, 所述电动汽车驱动系统还可包括控制器, 该控制器与所述第一 电机 2、 调速电机 3以及制动器 8电连接, 并可根据电动汽车工况执行以下 操作。 以下针对该控制器的操作进行详细介绍:
电动汽车的起步通常分为两种, 一种为平地起步, 此时驾驶员只需轻踩 油门即可, 一种为坡道起步, 此时驾驶员需要猛踩油门。
当电动汽车处于平地起步工况时,控制第一电机 2开启且处于电动工作 模式, 控制调速电机 3关闭, 控制制动器 8锁止。 在这种情况下, 制动器 8 锁止, 可以使得单排行星齿轮机构中的太阳轮 4固定, 从而仅由第一电机 2 带动齿圈 5转动, 从而使得第一电机 2与起步的车速有固定的比例关系, 便 于控制 (相当于使用变速箱起步时用到的一档), 齿圈 5与行星架 6通过啮 合作用使得行星架 6运转, 行星架 6驱动主减速器 9和前轴差速器 10将满 足需求的动能传递到前轴输出轴 11, 从而带动车轮转动, 以驱动汽车。
当电动汽车处于坡道起步工况时,控制第一电机 2和调速电机 3开启且 处于电动工作模式, 控制所述制动器 8不锁止。 此时, 电动汽车的动力由第 一电机 2和调速电机 3同时提供, 从而适合于驾驶员猛踩油门的驾驶模式。
当电动汽车处于巡航工况时,控制第一电机 2和调速电机 3开启且处于 电动工作模式, 控制所述制动器 8不锁止。 由于单排行星齿轮机构中各个部 件的转速之间有固定的比例关系, 即 (1 + ^ = + ^ ( ^是齿圈 5与太 阳轮 4的齿数比, 是行星架 6的转速, 是太阳轮 4的转速, 是齿圈 5 的转速), 所以第一电机 2的转速可以通过调速电机 3来进行调节, 使得第 一电机 2可以在高效率的转速范围内,如图 2所示的 [nl, n2]的转速范围内(即 高效率区的转速范围内, 该高效率区的转速范围根据不同的电机而有所不 同, 例如, [2000, 2200] ), 使得第一电机 2具有较高的效率, 从而使得电动 汽车的续航里程大大增加。
当电动汽车处于急加速、 爬坡或路况恶劣工况时, 控制第一电机 2和调 速电机 3开启且处于电动工作模式, 控制所述制动器 8不锁止。 此时, 电动 汽车的动力需求很大, 动力由第一电机 2和调速电机 3同时提供, 从而满足 电动汽车对扭矩的需求。
当电动汽车处于减速制动工况时,控制第一电机 2开启且处于发电工作 模式, 控制所述调速电机 3关闭, 控制所述制动器 8锁止。 此时, 前轴输出 轴 11的机械能带动第一电机 2运转, 从而使得第一电机 2将产生的电能传 送到储能装置 1中。 此时, 制动器 8锁止可以防止前轴输出轴 11的机械能 带动调速电机 3空转,从而使得机械能尽可能多地用于带动第一电机 2运转, 以产生更多的电能。 当电动汽车处于拥堵或是红绿灯等车工况时,控制所述第一电机 2和调 速电机 3关闭, 控制所述制动器 8不锁止。 这使得电动汽车具有很好的启 / 停功能, 可在很短的时间内完成起步。
其中, 所述控制器可根据从方向盘、 刹车、 油门踏板以及电动汽车上的 各个传感器(例如, 车速传感器、发动机转速传感器、 电动机转速传感器等) 获得的信号来判断各种工况, 从而根据不同工况来进行以上控制。对于根据 从传感器获得的信号如何判断工况是本领域普通技术人员可以结合本领域 的公知常识根据车辆实际运行情况来设定的, 不属于本发明的重点, 在此不 再赘述。
图 4为根据本发明第二实施方式的电动汽车驱动系统的结构示意图。如 图 4所示, 所述电动汽车驱动系统还可包括: 第二电机 14, 与所述储能装置 1 电连接; 后轴减速器 15, 与所述第二电机 14的输出轴相连; 以及后轴差 速器 16, 设于后轴输出轴 17上, 并与所述后轴减速器 15相连, 以将该后轴 减速器 15通过该后轴差速器 16传递的动力输出至后轴输出轴 17。在此形成 了一种电动汽车前后轮驱动系统。 图 4中的标号 12同时代表安装于前轴输 出轴 11和后轴输出轴 17的车轮。
优选地, 所述电动汽车驱动系统还包括控制器, 该控制器与所述第一电 机 2、 第二电机 14、 调速电机 3以及制动器 8电连接, 并可根据电动汽车工 况执行以下操作。 以下针对该控制器的操作进行详细介绍:
当电动汽车处于平地起步工况时,控制所述第一电机 2开启且处于电动 工作模式,控制所述调速电机 3和所述第二电机 14关闭,控制所述制动器 8 锁止。 此时由于电动汽车的动力需求不高, 可以前驱的方式来驱动车辆。 在 这种情况下,制动器 8锁止,可以使得单排行星齿轮机构中的太阳轮 4固定, 从而仅由第一电机 2带动齿圈 5转动,从而使得第一电机 2与起步的车速有 固定的比例关系, 便于控制(相当于使用变速箱起步时用到的一档), 齿圈 5 与行星架 6通过啮合作用使得行星架 6运转,行星架 6驱动主减速器 9和前 轴差速器 10将满足需求的动能传递到前轴输出轴 11, 从而带动车轮转动, 以驱动汽车。
当电动汽车处于坡道起步工况时, 控制所述第一电机 2和第二电机 14 开启且处于电动工作模式, 控制所述调速电机 3关闭, 控制所述制动器 8锁 止。 此时, 电动汽车的动力由第一电机 2和第二电机 14同时提供, 以四驱 的方式进行起步, 从而适合于驾驶员猛踩油门的驾驶模式。
当电动汽车处于巡航工况时,控制所述第一电机 2和调速电机 3开启且 处于电动工作模式, 控制所述第二电机 14关闭, 控制所述制动器 8不锁止。 此时, 由于电动汽车的动力需求不高, 可由第一电机 2和调速电机 3来以前 驱的方式驱动车辆, 且第一电机 2的转速可以通过调速电机 3来进行调节, 使得第一电机 2可以在高效率的转速范围内。
当电动汽车处于急加速、爬坡或路况恶劣工况时,控制所述第一电机 2、 第二电机 14以及调速电机 3开启且处于电动工作模式, 控制所述制动器 8 不锁止。 此时电动汽车的动力需求很大, 由三者同时给电动汽车提供动能。
当电动汽车处于减速制动工况时,控制所述第一电机 2开启且处于发电 工作模式, 控制所述调速电机 3和第二电机 14关闭, 控制所述制动器 8锁 止。
当电动汽车处于拥堵或是红绿灯等车工况时, 控制所述第一电机 2、 第 二电机 14以及调速电机 3关闭, 控制所述制动器 8不锁止。 这使得电动汽 车具有很好的启 /停功能, 可在很短的时间内完成起步。
该实施方式与第一实施方式相比, 增加了后轮驱动, 具备了四轮驱动系 统的优点, 主要表现在以下四个方面:
( 1 )在正常行驶情况下 (路面平坦, 道路能提供足够的附着力), 四轮 驱动系统可提供强大的动力性能。 (2)在高速行驶时, 由于风阻增大, 四轮驱动系统可增加行驶稳定性。
( 3 ) 前轮驱动在车辆加速转弯时会出现转向不足的现象, 后轮驱动在 车辆加速转弯时又会存在转向过度的倾向, 而四轮驱动系统可根据车辆行驶 状态分配前后轮驱动力, 极大地改善车辆的转向性能。
(4 ) 在越野和泥泞路面及雨天和雪天道路易滑的情况下, 四轮驱动系 统在前轮打滑时, 可减小前轮的扭矩输出, 启动后轴电机的扭矩输出; 在后 轮打滑时, 可减小后轴电机的扭矩输出, 采用前轴电机驱动。 从而, 可防止 车辆打滑, 提高车辆的通过性。
至于控制器如何对第一电机 2和第二电机 14进行控制以实现上述优点, 则可参考传统四轮驱动系统的控制方式,其已构成现有技术,于此不再赘述。
图 5为根据本发明第三实施方式的电动汽车驱动系统的结构示意图。如 图 5所示, 所述电动汽车驱动系统还可包括: 两个轮毂电机 18, 分别位于车 辆的两个后轮 12上, 且与所述储能装置 1 电连接, 用于直接驱动车辆后轮 12。 在此形成了一种电动汽车前后轮驱动系统, 该前后轮驱动系统与第二实 施方式中的前后轮驱动系统之间的区别在于,其未包含后轴输出轴以及位于 该后轴输出轴上的后轴减速器 15和后轴差速器 16,其两个后轮 12是分别直 接由两个轮毂电机 18独立驱动的。
优选地, 所述电动汽车驱动系统还包括控制器, 该控制器与所述第一电 机 2、 所述两个轮毂电机 18、 调速电机 3以及制动器 8电连接, 并可根据电 动汽车工况执行以下操作。 以下针对该控制器的操作进行详细介绍:
当电动汽车处于平地起步工况时,控制所述第一电机 2开启且处于电动 工作模式, 控制所述调速电机 3和所述两个轮毂电机 18关闭, 控制所述制 动器 8锁止。 此时由于电动汽车的动力需求不高, 可以前驱的方式来驱动车 辆。 在这种情况下, 制动器 8锁止, 可以使得单排行星齿轮机构中的太阳轮 4固定, 从而仅由第一电机 2带动齿圈 5转动, 从而使得第一电机 2与起步 的车速有固定的比例关系, 便于控制 (相当于使用变速箱起步时用到的一 档), 齿圈 5与行星架 6通过啮合作用使得行星架 6运转, 行星架 6驱动主 减速器 9和前轴差速器 10将满足需求的动能传递到前轴输出轴 11, 从而带 动车轮转动, 以驱动汽车。
当电动汽车处于坡道起步工况时,控制所述第一电机 2和两个轮毂电机 18开启且处于电动工作模式, 控制所述调速电机 3关闭, 控制所述制动器 8 锁止。 此时, 电动汽车的动力由第一电机 2和两个轮毂电机 18同时提供, 从而适合于驾驶员猛踩油门的驾驶模式。
当电动汽车处于巡航工况时,控制所述第一电机 2和调速电机 3开启且 处于电动工作模式, 控制所述两个轮毂电机 18关闭, 控制所述制动器 8不 锁止。 此时, 由于电动汽车的动力需求不高, 可由第一电机 2和调速电机 3 来以前驱的方式驱动车辆, 且第一电机 2的转速可以通过调速电机 3来进行 调节, 使得第一电机 2可以在高效率的转速范围内。
当电动汽车处于急加速、爬坡或路况恶劣工况时,控制所述第一电机 2、 两个轮毂电机 18以及调速电机 3开启且处于电动工作模式, 控制所述制动 器 8不锁止。 此时, 电动汽车的动力需求很大, 动力由四者同时提供, 从而 满足电动汽车对扭矩的需求。
当电动汽车处于减速制动工况时,控制所述第一电机 2开启且处于发电 工作模式,控制所述调速电机 3和两个轮毂电机 18关闭,控制所述制动器 8 锁止。
当电动汽车处于拥堵或是红绿灯等车工况时, 控制所述第一电机 2、 两 个轮毂电机 18以及调速电机 3关闭, 控制所述制动器 8不锁止。 这使得电 动汽车具有很好的启 /停功能, 可在很短的时间内完成起步。
本实施方式与第二实施方式相比,两个后轮分别采用两个独立的轮毂电 机 18进行驱动, 从而可在第二实施方式的优点的基础上, 具有以下优点: ( 1 )可以以对轮毂电机 18提供制动力矩的方式实现制动, 从而可省略 传统电动汽车上使用的 ABS、 ESP以及其它的制动装置。
(2) 在电动汽车出现转向不足或转向过度的情况下, 可以以使轮毂电 机 18提供制动力矩或驱动力矩的方式实现车辆的稳定性,从而实现类似 ESP 的功能。
至于控制器如何对轮毂电机 18进行控制以实现上述优点, 则可参考传 统四轮驱动和 /或四轮独立驱动系统的控制方式,其已构成现有技术,于此不 再赘述。
在以上三种实施方式的电动汽车驱动系统中,如果其中一个或部分电机 出现故障, 控制器可关闭出现故障的电机, 并采用其他电机进行驱动电动汽 车, 以将电动汽车开回家或修理处进行修理。 至于故障检测, 可以采用各种 方式检测, 例如, 所述控制器可以实时计算电机的实际转速与期望转速之间 的差异, 如果该差异在较长时间内 (例如, 15分钟到 2个小时)均超过预定 值 (例如, 150 - 600 rpm), 则判断该电机发生故障。 对于第一电机 2而言, 其期望转速为与其高效率区相对应的速度区(如图 2所示);对于调速电机 3 而言, 其期望转速与所述第一电机的期望转速存在一固定的比例关系, 该比 例由所述单排行星齿轮机构所决定。需要说明的是,本文中所出现的"电机" 指将机械能转化为电能和 /或将电能转化为机械能的机器, 在以上实施方 式中, 所述第一电机 1 为具有发电模式和电动模式的电机, 其他电机为 仅具电动模式的电机, 然而本发明并不限于此, 所述第一电机 1 亦可为 仅具电动模式的电机 (此时, 需省略电动汽车制动时给储能装置 1 反向 充电的功能), 所述其他电机亦可为具有发电模式和电动模式的电机 (必 要时, 亦可实现电动汽车制动时给储能装置 1反向充电的功能)。
以下参见图 3-图 5, 对所述储能装置 1的具体实施方式进行描述。 所述 储能装置 1可包括: 电池 19; 以及 DC/DC转换器 20, 与所述电池 19电连 接, 用于对所述电池 19的输出和 /或至该电池 19的输入进行 DC/DC转换。 其中, 所述 DC/DC转换器 20可以对从电池 19输出的电能进行升压或降压 转换, 以满足整个电动汽车的用电需求, 例如对于诸如第一电机 2、 调速电 机 3、 第二电机 14以及轮毂电机 18之类的高压设备而言, 该 DC/DC转换 器 20需对电池 19输出的电能进行升压, 并将升压之后的电能提供给这些高 压设备, 以满足其运行需求。 所述电池 19可为磷酸铁锂或锰酸锂电池。
优选地,所述储能装置 1还可包括电容 21,该电容 21设置在所述 DC/DC 转换器 20与所述电池 19之间, 用于在因电动汽车制动而给所述电池 19充 电时, 防止大的脉冲电流流入电池 19, 以保护所述电池 19。 所述电容 21的 容量小会影响制动时电池 19回收电能的效果, 容量大则成本较高, 优选大 小为 1500-1600 Fo
优选地, 所述储能装置 1还可包括电池管理系统 22, 该电池管理系统 22与所述电池 19电连接, 用于对所述电池 19的充放电以及电池 19的平衡 进行管理, 从而提高电池 19的使用寿命。
本发明是根据纯电动汽车的技术指标并通过分析国内外电动汽车的特 点, 综合动力性、 经济性及整车成本要求而设计的技术方案, 它取消了传统 结构中的变速箱, 采用调速电机 3和单排行星齿轮机构, 使得整个动力总成 的结构简单紧凑、 装配容易、 重量轻、 制造成本低, 增加了第一电机 2的调 速范围, 提高了能量利用率, 增加续航里程。
另外, 本发明的电动汽车驱动系统可根据工况选择不同的驱动方式: 前 驱、 后驱以及全驱。 当电动汽车采用前驱时, 调速电机 3可以对第一电机 2 进行调速, 使第一电机 2工作在效率最高的转速范围内, 整车能够达到电池 19的最大的行驶里程。 在起步、 超车、 加速、 爬坡等工况条件下, 可以采用 全驱的驱动方式, 这样整车有最好的动力性。 如果用于进行前驱的第一电机 2发生故障,则可以驱动第二电机 14或轮毂电动机使用后驱的方式行驶。在 制动减速时, 锁止调速电机 3和太阳轮 4之间的制动器 8, 第一电机 2作为 发电机使用, 向电容 21充电, 电容 21充满后才会向电池 19充电, 减少了 瞬间大电流给电池 19造成的损害, 从而增加了电池 19的使用寿命。
虽然本发明已通过上述实施例所公开,然而上述实施例并非用以限定本 发明, 任何本发明所属技术领域中技术人员, 在不脱离本发明的精神和范围 内, 应当可以作各种的变动与修改。 因此本发明的保护范围应当以所附权利 要求书所界定的范围为准。

Claims

权利要求
1、 一种电动汽车驱动系统, 其中, 该系统包括:
储能装置 (1);
第一电机 (2), 与所述储能装置 (1) 电连接;
调速电机 (3), 与所述储能装置 (1) 电连接; 以及
单排行星齿轮机构, 包括太阳轮 (4)、 齿圈 (5) 以及具有行星轮 (7) 的行星架 (6), 其中该行星架 (6) 上的行星轮 (7) 分别与所述齿圈 (5) 和所述太阳轮 (4) 啮合, 所述第一电机 (2) 的输出轴与所述齿圈 (5) 相 连, 且所述调速电机 (3) 的输出轴通过一制动器 (8) 与所述太阳轮 (4) 相连。
2、根据权利要求 1所述的电动汽车驱动系统, 其中, 所述调速电机(3) 比所述第一电机 (2) 转速高、 功率小。
3、 根据权利要求 1所述的电动汽车驱动系统, 其中, 该系统还包括: 主减速器 (9), 与所述行星架 (6) 的输出轮啮合; 以及
前轴差速器 (10), 设于前轴输出轴 (11) 上, 并与所述主减速器 (9) 相连, 以将该主减速器 (9) 通过该前轴差速器 (10) 传递的动力输出至前 轴输出轴 (11)。
4、 根据权利要求 3所述的电动汽车驱动系统, 其中, 该系统还包括控 制器, 该控制器与所述第一电机 (2)、 所述调速电机 (3) 以及所述制动器
(8) 电连接, 并执行以下操作:
当电动汽车处于平地起步工况时, 控制所述第一电机 (2) 开启且处于 电动工作模式, 控制所述调速电机 (3) 关闭, 控制所述制动器 (8) 锁止; 当电动汽车处于坡道起步工况、 巡航工况、 或急加速、 爬坡或路况恶劣 工况时, 控制所述第一电机 (2) 和所述调速电机 (3 ) 开启且处于电动工作 模式, 控制所述制动器 (8 ) 不锁止;
当电动汽车处于减速制动工况时, 控制所述第一电机 (2) 开启且处于 发电工作模式, 控制所述调速电机 (3 ) 关闭, 控制所述制动器 (8) 锁止; 和 /或
当电动汽车处于拥堵或是红绿灯等车工况时, 控制所述第一电机 (2) 和所述调速电机 (3 ) 关闭, 控制所述制动器 (8) 不锁止。
5、 根据权利要求 3所述的电动汽车驱动系统, 其中, 该系统还包括: 第二电机 (14), 与所述储能装置 (1 ) 电连接;
后轴减速器 (15 ), 与所述第二电机 (14) 的输出轴相连; 以及 后轴差速器 (16), 设于后轴输出轴 (17 ) 上, 后轴差速器 (16) 与所 述后轴减速器(15 )相连, 以将该后轴减速器(15 )通过该后轴差速器(16) 传递的动力输出至后轴输出轴 (17)。
6、 根据权利要求 5所述的电动汽车驱动系统, 其中, 该系统还包括控 制器, 该控制器与所述第一电机 (2)、 第二电机 (14)、 调速电机 (3 ) 以及 制动器 (8) 电连接, 并执行以下操作:
当电动汽车处于平地起步工况时, 控制所述第一电机 (2) 开启且处于 电动工作模式, 控制所述调速电机 (3 ) 和所述第二电机 (14) 关闭, 控制 所述制动器 (8 ) 锁止;
当电动汽车处于坡道起步工况时, 控制所述第一电机 (2) 和所述第二 电机 (14) 开启且处于电动工作模式, 控制所述调速电机 (3 ) 关闭, 控制 所述制动器 (8) 锁止; 当电动汽车处于巡航工况时, 控制所述第一电机 (2) 和所述调速电机 (3 ) 开启且处于电动工作模式, 控制所述第二电机 (14) 关闭, 控制所述 制动器 (8) 不锁止;
当电动汽车处于急加速、 爬坡或路况恶劣工况时, 控制所述第一电机 (2)、 所述第二电机 (14) 以及所述调速电机 (3 ) 开启且处于电动工作模 式, 控制所述制动器 (8) 不锁止;
当电动汽车处于减速制动工况时, 控制所述第一电机 (2) 开启且处于 发电工作模式, 所述调速电机 (3 ) 和所述第二电机 (14) 关闭, 控制所述 制动器 (8) 锁止; 和 /或
当电动汽车处于拥堵或是红绿灯等车工况时, 控制所述第一电机 (2)、 第二电机 (14) 以及调速电机 (3 ) 关闭, 控制所述制动器 (8 ) 不锁止。
7、 根据权利要求 3所述的电动汽车驱动系统, 其中, 该系统还包括: 两个轮毂电机 (18 ), 分别位于车辆的两个后轮 (12) 上, 且与所述储 能装置 (1 ) 电连接, 用于直接驱动所述后轮 (12)。
8、 根据权利要求 7所述的电动汽车驱动系统, 其中, 该系统还包括控 制器, 该控制器与所述第一电机 (2)、 所述两个轮毂电机 (18 )、 所述调速 电机 (3 ) 以及所述制动器 (8) 电连接, 并执行以下操作:
当电动汽车处于平地起步工况时, 控制所述第一电机 (2) 开启且处于 电动工作模式, 控制所述调速电机 (3 ) 和所述两个轮毂电机 (18 ) 关闭, 控制所述制动器 (8 ) 锁止;
当电动汽车处于坡道起步工况时, 控制所述第一电机 (2) 和所述两个 轮毂电机 (18 ) 开启且处于电动工作模式, 控制所述调速电机 (3 ) 关闭, 控制所述制动器 (8 ) 锁止; 当电动汽车处于巡航工况时, 控制所述第一电机 (2) 和所述调速电机 (3 ) 开启且处于电动工作模式, 控制所述两个轮毂电机 (18 ) 关闭, 控制 所述制动器 (8) 不锁止;
当电动汽车处于急加速、 爬坡或路况恶劣工况时, 控制所述第一电机 (2)、 所述两个轮毂电机 (18 ) 以及所述调速电机 (3 ) 开启且处于电动工 作模式, 控制所述制动器 (8) 不锁止;
当电动汽车处于减速制动工况时, 控制所述第一电机 (2) 开启且处于 发电工作模式, 控制所述两个轮毂电机 (18 ) 和所述调速电机 (3 ) 关闭, 控制所述制动器 (8 ) 锁止; 和 /或
当电动汽车处于拥堵或是红绿灯等车工况时, 控制所述第一电机 (2)、 所述两个轮毂电机 (18) 以及调速电机 (3 ) 关闭, 控制所述制动器 (8 ) 不 锁止。
9、 根据权利要求 4、 6或 8所述的电动汽车驱动系统, 其中, 所述控制 器还执行以下操作:
检测与所述控制器相连的电机的状态; 以及
当电机出现故障时, 关闭该电机, 并利用未出现故障的电机来驱动。
10、根据权利要求 1所述的电动汽车驱动系统,其中,所述储能装置(1 ) 包括:
电池 (19); 以及
DC/DC转换器(20), 与所述电池(19) 电连接, 用于对所述电池(19) 的输出和 /或至该电池 (19) 的输入进行 DC/DC转换。
11、 根据权利要求 10所述的电动汽车驱动系统, 其中, 所述储能装置 (1) 还包括:
电容 (21), 设置在所述 DC/DC转换器 (20) 与所述电池 (19) 之间
12、 根据权利要求 10或 11所述的电动汽车驱动系统, 其中, 所述储能 装置 (1) 还包括:
电池管理系统 (22), 与所述电池 (19) 电连接, 用于对所述电池 (19) 的充放电以及电池的平衡进行管理。
PCT/CN2011/071712 2010-05-14 2011-03-11 一种电动汽车驱动系统 WO2011140857A1 (zh)

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