WO2011129359A1 - 排気ガス浄化装置 - Google Patents

排気ガス浄化装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011129359A1
WO2011129359A1 PCT/JP2011/059153 JP2011059153W WO2011129359A1 WO 2011129359 A1 WO2011129359 A1 WO 2011129359A1 JP 2011059153 W JP2011059153 W JP 2011059153W WO 2011129359 A1 WO2011129359 A1 WO 2011129359A1
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Prior art keywords
exhaust
catalyst
temperature
injection
internal combustion
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PCT/JP2011/059153
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
長岡　大治
輝男 中田
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いすゞ自動車株式会社
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Publication date
Application filed by いすゞ自動車株式会社 filed Critical いすゞ自動車株式会社
Priority to CN201180018716.9A priority Critical patent/CN102844532B/zh
Priority to US13/640,966 priority patent/US8973348B2/en
Priority to EP11768880.4A priority patent/EP2559872A4/en
Publication of WO2011129359A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011129359A1/ja

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
    • F02D41/021—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine
    • F02D41/0235—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F02D41/024—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to increase temperature of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F02D41/025—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to increase temperature of the exhaust gas treating apparatus by changing the composition of the exhaust gas, e.g. for exothermic reaction on exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
    • B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
    • B01D53/9459—Removing one or more of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, or hydrocarbons by multiple successive catalytic functions; systems with more than one different function, e.g. zone coated catalysts
    • B01D53/9477—Removing one or more of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, or hydrocarbons by multiple successive catalytic functions; systems with more than one different function, e.g. zone coated catalysts with catalysts positioned on separate bricks, e.g. exhaust systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N11/00—Monitoring or diagnostic devices for exhaust-gas treatment apparatus, e.g. for catalytic activity
    • F01N11/002—Monitoring or diagnostic devices for exhaust-gas treatment apparatus, e.g. for catalytic activity the diagnostic devices measuring or estimating temperature or pressure in, or downstream of the exhaust apparatus
    • F01N11/005—Monitoring or diagnostic devices for exhaust-gas treatment apparatus, e.g. for catalytic activity the diagnostic devices measuring or estimating temperature or pressure in, or downstream of the exhaust apparatus the temperature or pressure being estimated, e.g. by means of a theoretical model
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/023—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/023—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles
    • F01N3/025—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles using fuel burner or by adding fuel to exhaust
    • F01N3/0253—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles using fuel burner or by adding fuel to exhaust adding fuel to exhaust gases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
    • F01N3/0821—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents combined with particulate filters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
    • F01N3/0828—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents characterised by the absorbed or adsorbed substances
    • F01N3/0842—Nitrogen oxides
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/105—General auxiliary catalysts, e.g. upstream or downstream of the main catalyst
    • F01N3/106—Auxiliary oxidation catalysts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
    • F02D41/14—Introducing closed-loop corrections
    • F02D41/1438—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor
    • F02D41/1444—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases
    • F02D41/1446—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases the characteristics being exhaust temperatures
    • F02D41/1447—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases the characteristics being exhaust temperatures with determination means using an estimation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/30—Controlling fuel injection
    • F02D41/38—Controlling fuel injection of the high pressure type
    • F02D41/40—Controlling fuel injection of the high pressure type with means for controlling injection timing or duration
    • F02D41/402—Multiple injections
    • F02D41/405—Multiple injections with post injections
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2251/00—Reactants
    • B01D2251/20—Reductants
    • B01D2251/208—Hydrocarbons
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2279/00—Filters adapted for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours specially modified for specific uses
    • B01D2279/30—Filters adapted for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours specially modified for specific uses for treatment of exhaust gases from IC Engines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
    • B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
    • B01D53/9404—Removing only nitrogen compounds
    • B01D53/9409—Nitrogen oxides
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
    • B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
    • B01D53/944—Simultaneously removing carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons or carbon making use of oxidation catalysts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2240/00—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
    • F01N2240/04—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being an electric, e.g. electrostatic, device other than a heater
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2510/00—Surface coverings
    • F01N2510/06—Surface coverings for exhaust purification, e.g. catalytic reaction
    • F01N2510/068—Surface coverings for exhaust purification, e.g. catalytic reaction characterised by the distribution of the catalytic coatings
    • F01N2510/0684—Surface coverings for exhaust purification, e.g. catalytic reaction characterised by the distribution of the catalytic coatings having more than one coating layer, e.g. multi-layered coatings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2560/00—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics
    • F01N2560/06—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being a temperature sensor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/03—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being hydrocarbons, e.g. engine fuel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2900/00—Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F01N2900/06—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing
    • F01N2900/16—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing said parameters being related to the exhaust apparatus, e.g. particulate filter or catalyst
    • F01N2900/1602—Temperature of exhaust gas apparatus
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/40—Engine management systems

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an exhaust gas purification device having an exhaust aftertreatment device provided in an exhaust passage of an internal combustion engine, and an exhaust pipe injection valve on the upstream side of the exhaust aftertreatment device.
  • DPF diesel particulate filter
  • LNT LNT storage reduction type
  • the injected fuel reaches the downstream DPF or LNT while being thermally decomposed (vaporized) in the exhaust gas, and the temperature of the catalyst is increased by combustion of HC and CO, or the NOx reducing agent Function as.
  • the temperature at which the thermal decomposition of the injected fuel into HC and CO begins is 200 to 250 ° C or higher. Therefore, in order to prevent fuel from adhering to the exhaust pipe, the temperature inside the exhaust pipe is 200 to 250 ° C or higher. It is preferable to perform injection. Therefore, when performing in-pipe injection at an exhaust gas temperature of 200 ° C. or lower such as an idle, it is necessary to use multi-stage injection together to raise the temperature of the exhaust gas.
  • Patent Document 1 discloses an exhaust gas purification device in which a NOx occlusion reduction type catalyst is provided in an exhaust passage of an internal combustion engine, and exhaust pipe internal injection and multistage injection can be used together during NOx reduction control.
  • the injection pattern is significantly retarded as compared with the normal injection, and the combustion is concentrated in the expansion stroke. Therefore, since the air-fuel ratio ⁇ decreases and the in-cylinder pressure also decreases during acceleration, combustion may become unstable and drivability may deteriorate due to poor acceleration or the like.
  • the fuel (light oil) injected into the exhaust pipe reaches the downstream catalyst without being decomposed, so the front of the catalyst may cause filter clogging with fuel There is sex. Further, at the time of forced regeneration (rich spike) of LNT, HC slip may deteriorate due to a reduction in NOx reduction efficiency.
  • the present invention has been made in view of such problems, and with a simple configuration, the low temperature characteristics of the exhaust aftertreatment device can be improved, the NOx reduction purification rate can be improved, and the generation of white smoke can be effectively reduced.
  • An object is to provide an exhaust gas purification device.
  • an exhaust gas purification apparatus of the present invention includes an exhaust aftertreatment device provided in an exhaust passage of an internal combustion engine, and an exhaust passage provided in the exhaust passage upstream of the exhaust aftertreatment device.
  • the output value of the exhaust gas temperature estimation means is less than or equal to a threshold value during the regeneration control according to, post-injection for supplying fuel to the first catalyst is performed in order to raise the catalyst temperature of the second catalyst above the threshold value.
  • the fuel injection of the internal combustion engine is controlled by multi-stage injection including.
  • the electric heater further includes an electric heater provided upstream of the second catalyst, and an electric heater control unit that controls the operation of the electric heater, and the electric heater control unit performs regeneration control by the regeneration control unit.
  • the electric heater may be operated when the output value of the exhaust temperature estimating means is not more than a threshold value.
  • first catalyst and the second catalyst may have a metal carrier and may be formed integrally with the exhaust passage.
  • the exhaust aftertreatment device may include a DPF and an LNT storage reduction catalyst.
  • the exhaust aftertreatment device may include a DPF and an SCR selective reduction catalyst.
  • the low-temperature characteristics of the exhaust aftertreatment device can be improved with a simple configuration, the reduction purification rate of NOx can be improved, and the generation of white smoke can be effectively reduced. be able to.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an exhaust gas purification device according to an embodiment of the present invention. It is a block diagram which shows control ECU of the exhaust-gas purification apparatus which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. It is a flowchart which shows PM forced regeneration control of the exhaust-gas purification apparatus which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. It is a flowchart which shows LNT forced regeneration control of the exhaust-gas purification apparatus which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. It is the schematic which shows the structure of the exhaust-gas purification apparatus which concerns on other embodiment. It is the schematic which shows the structure of the exhaust gas aftertreatment apparatus which concerns on other embodiment.
  • FIG. 1 to 4 illustrate an exhaust gas purification apparatus 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the same parts are denoted by the same reference numerals, and their names and functions are also the same. Therefore, detailed description thereof will not be repeated.
  • the diesel engine (internal combustion engine) 10 is provided with an intake manifold 10b and an exhaust manifold 10a.
  • An intake passage 14 for introducing fresh air (intake air) by opening an intake valve (not shown) in the diesel engine 10 is connected to the intake manifold 10b, and an exhaust valve (not-in-use) is connected to the exhaust manifold 10a.
  • An exhaust passage 11 for discharging exhaust gas is connected by opening the valve (shown).
  • An intake throttle 18, an intercooler 17, a supercharger 12, and a mass air flow sensor 16 are interposed upstream of the intake passage 14, and an air filter 15 is provided at the tip of the intake passage 14.
  • the intake manifold 10b and the exhaust manifold 10a are communicated with each other by an EGR passage 19, and an EGR cooler 20 and an EGR valve 21 are provided in the EGR passage 19.
  • a light oil decomposition catalyst (second catalyst) 36 that thermally decomposes (vaporizes) light oil as fuel is provided in the exhaust passage 11 on the downstream side of the oxidation catalyst 35.
  • an exhaust pipe injection valve (exhaust passage fuel injection means) 22 for injecting fuel into the exhaust pipe is provided between the oxidation catalyst 35 and the light oil decomposition catalyst 36.
  • An exhaust temperature sensor 24 that detects the temperature of exhaust gas discharged from the diesel engine 10 is provided in the exhaust passage 11 upstream of the oxidation catalyst 35.
  • the exhaust aftertreatment device 30 includes an LNT (LNT storage reduction catalyst) 31 and a DPF 32 in order from the upstream side.
  • LNT LNT storage reduction catalyst
  • the LNT 31 has a known structure and is configured by supporting a NOx occlusion material or the like on a honeycomb structure catalyst carrier.
  • the LNT 31 occludes NOx during normal operation in a lean atmosphere, and releases NOx occluded in a rich atmosphere to reduce and purify it to N 2 .
  • diesel engines are operated in a lean atmosphere. Accordingly, the LNT 31 is regenerated to reduce and purify NOx to N 2 by injecting fuel from the in-pipe injection valve 22 into a rich atmosphere temporarily by an LNT forced regeneration control unit (regeneration control means) 44 described later. Control is performed.
  • LNT forced regeneration control unit regeneration control means
  • the DPF (Diesel Particulate Filter) 32 has a known structure and includes a large number of cells made of ceramic honeycomb structures as gas flow paths, and alternately seals the upstream side and the downstream side. Configured.
  • the DPF 32 collects PM (particulate matter) contained in the exhaust gas and is heated to a PM combustion temperature (for example, about 500 ° C.) by a PM forced regeneration control unit (regeneration control means) 43 described later. Thus, regeneration control for burning and removing the accumulated PM is performed.
  • the oxidation catalyst 35 is configured by supporting platinum (Pt) or the like on a carrier having a honeycomb structure made of metal or ceramic.
  • the oxidation catalyst 35 is heated to an oxidation catalyst activation temperature (for example, 200 ° C. to 250 ° C.) or higher by post injection described later.
  • the light oil cracking catalyst 36 decomposes a long chain component of light oil into a short chain HC component or CO component, and supports palladium (Pd) as a main component on a carrier having a honeycomb structure made of metal or ceramic. Configured.
  • the temperature of the oxidation catalyst 35 is raised by post-injection by an engine injection control unit (internal combustion engine injection control means) 42 of the control ECU 40 described later, and the exhaust gas temperature passing through the oxidation catalyst 35 is the catalyst activation temperature.
  • the temperature is raised above (eg, 200 ° C.
  • the fuel (light oil) injected from the exhaust pipe injection valve 22 at the time of regeneration control of the LNT 31 and DPF 32 is quickly pyrolyzed into short chain HC and CO. , And sent to the LNT 31 and DPF 32 on the downstream side.
  • the capacities of the oxidation catalyst 35 and the light oil cracking catalyst 36 are values that can allow S / V (for example, about 100,000 hr-1) when the operation state of the diesel engine 10 is from idle to low load, That is, it is set at an upper limit value that can ensure catalyst activity.
  • S / V for example, about 100,000 hr-1
  • the exhaust gas purification device 1 can be made more compact by integrating it with the exhaust passage 11.
  • control ECU 40 according to the present embodiment will be described.
  • the control ECU 40 includes a known CPU, ROM, RAM, input port, output port, and the like. In addition, output signals from an engine speed sensor (not shown), an accelerator opening sensor (not shown), an exhaust temperature sensor 24, and the like are input to the control ECU 40 after A / D conversion.
  • the control ECU 40 includes an exhaust temperature estimation unit (exhaust temperature estimation unit) 41, an engine injection control unit (internal combustion engine injection control unit) 42, and a PM forced regeneration control unit (regeneration). Control means) 43 and an LNT forced regeneration control unit (reproduction control means) 44 as a part of functional elements.
  • these functional elements are described as being included in the control ECU 40, which is an integral piece of hardware. However, any one of these functional elements may be provided in separate hardware.
  • the exhaust temperature estimation unit (exhaust temperature estimation means) 41 estimates the temperature of exhaust gas discharged from the diesel engine 10. This estimated temperature is calculated based on a temperature characteristic map (not shown) showing the relationship between the fuel injection amount and the exhaust gas amount created in advance.
  • Engine injection control unit (internal combustion engine injection control means) 42 controls fuel injection of the diesel engine 10. More specifically, when the estimated temperature Tc of the exhaust temperature estimating unit 41 is equal to or lower than a threshold value (for example, 200 ° C.), the engine injection control unit 42 pilots fuel during one combustion stroke (intake-compression-explosion-exhaust). A control signal for performing multi-stage injection in which injection is performed multiple times of injection, main injection, after injection, and post injection is output to the fuel injection valve 9. On the other hand, when the estimated temperature Tc of the exhaust temperature estimating unit 41 is higher than the threshold value (200 ° C.), the engine injection control unit 42 performs normal injection that injects an appropriate amount of fuel once according to the operation state during one combustion stroke. A control signal to be performed is output to the fuel injection valve 9.
  • a threshold value for example, 200 ° C.
  • the engine injection control unit 42 raises the catalyst temperature of the oxidation catalyst 35 to a threshold (200 ° C.) or more by post injection that injects a small amount of fuel at a predetermined time out of the multistage injection, and the oxidation catalyst 35.
  • a threshold 200 ° C.
  • the fuel injection of the diesel engine 10 is controlled by switching the multistage injection to the normal injection.
  • the exhaust gas temperature used for this control can be the detected value Ts of the exhaust temperature sensor 24 instead of the estimated temperature Tc by the exhaust temperature estimating unit 41.
  • the PM forced regeneration control unit (regeneration control means) 43 performs PM forced regeneration control in which the PM collected and deposited in the DPF 32 is heated to the PM combustion temperature (for example, about 500 ° C.) and incinerated and removed.
  • pressure sensors (not shown) are provided on the upstream side and the downstream side of the exhaust aftertreatment device 30, the pressure difference between the pressure sensors is equal to or greater than a predetermined value, and the estimated temperature Tc or When the detection value Ts is higher than the threshold value (200 ° C.), PM forced regeneration control for supplying fuel from the in-pipe injection valve 22 to the light oil cracking catalyst 36 is performed.
  • the fuel (light oil) supplied to the light oil cracking catalyst 36 is accelerated by thermal decomposition (vaporization) under a temperature condition of 200 ° C. or higher, and is supplied to the downstream DPF 32 in a thermally decomposed state.
  • the LNT forced regeneration control unit (regeneration control means) 44 performs forced regeneration control of the LNT 31 that temporarily makes the air-fuel ratio rich. Specifically, the NOx occlusion amount integrated based on a NOx emission map (not shown) using the engine speed and the load as parameters is equal to or greater than a predetermined value, and the estimated temperature Tc or the detected value Ts is a threshold (200 ° C.). ), A rich spike that temporarily makes a rich atmosphere by injecting fuel from the exhaust pipe injection valve 22 is performed. By this rich spike, the NOx stored in the LNT 31 is reduced and purified.
  • the LNT forced regeneration control may be performed periodically at a predetermined cycle.
  • step (hereinafter, the step is simply referred to as S) 100 it is confirmed whether the amount of PM collected in the DPF 32 exceeds an allowable value based on the differential pressure of the pressure sensor. If the differential pressure is greater than or equal to a predetermined value, that is, if the amount of collected PM exceeds the allowable value, the process proceeds to S110. On the other hand, when the differential pressure is smaller than the predetermined value, that is, when the PM collection amount does not exceed the allowable value, this control is returned.
  • the estimated temperature Tc of the exhaust temperature estimating unit 41 is equal to or lower than a threshold value (200 ° C.). If the estimated temperature Tc is equal to or lower than the threshold value, it is determined that the temperature of the oxidation catalyst 35 needs to be increased, and the process proceeds to S120. On the other hand, when the estimated temperature Tc is higher than the threshold value, it is determined that the temperature of the oxidation catalyst 35 is not increased, the process proceeds to S150, PM forced regeneration control is executed, and the process returns. Note that the detection value Ts of the exhaust temperature sensor 24 can also be used for this determination.
  • the catalyst temperature of the oxidation catalyst 35 raised in S120 is maintained at the target temperature (200 ° C. to 250 ° C. or higher), and the multistage injection is stopped.
  • the catalyst temperature of the oxidation catalyst 35 is maintained at the target temperature (200 ° C. to 250 ° C. or higher)
  • the exhaust gas temperature flowing near the exhaust pipe injection valve 22 and the catalyst temperature of the light oil cracking catalyst 36 are similarly changed.
  • the temperature is raised to the target temperature (200 ° C. to 250 ° C. or higher) and held.
  • the PM forced regeneration control unit 43 performs PM forced regeneration control in which fuel is injected from the exhaust pipe injection valve 22 to raise the temperature to the PM combustion temperature (eg, about 500 ° C.), and this control is returned.
  • the estimated temperature Tc of the exhaust temperature estimating unit 41 is equal to or lower than a threshold value (200 ° C.). If the estimated temperature Tc is equal to or lower than the threshold value, it is determined that the temperature of the oxidation catalyst 35 needs to be increased, and the process proceeds to S220. On the other hand, if the estimated temperature Tc is higher than the threshold value, it is determined that the temperature of the oxidation catalyst 35 does not need to be increased, the process proceeds to S250, LNT forced regeneration control is executed, and the process returns. Note that the detection value Ts of the exhaust temperature sensor 24 can also be used for this determination.
  • the catalyst temperature of the oxidation catalyst 35 raised in S220 is maintained at the target temperature (200 ° C. to 250 ° C. or higher), and the multistage injection is stopped.
  • the catalyst temperature of the oxidation catalyst 35 is maintained at the target temperature (200 ° C. to 250 ° C. or higher)
  • the exhaust gas temperature flowing near the exhaust pipe injection valve 22 and the catalyst temperature of the light oil cracking catalyst 36 are similarly changed.
  • the temperature is raised to the target temperature (200 ° C. to 250 ° C. or higher) and held.
  • the LNT forced regeneration control unit 44 executes LNT forced regeneration control (rich spike) that injects fuel from the in-pipe injection valve 22 to make a rich atmosphere, and this control is returned.
  • LNT forced regeneration control rich spike
  • the exhaust gas purification apparatus 1 has the following operations and effects.
  • a threshold value for example, 200 ° C.
  • post injection is performed, and the oxidation catalyst 35 and the light oil cracking catalyst 36
  • the catalyst temperature is raised to a target temperature (for example, 200 ° C. to 250 ° C. or more) and maintained. Under this temperature condition, the fuel (light oil) injected from the exhaust pipe injection valve 22 is promoted to be thermally decomposed into HC and CO.
  • the fuel injected from the exhaust pipe injection valve 22 is clogged by the filter adhering to the front surface of the light oil decomposition catalyst 36 and the downstream LNT 31 and DPF 32, and the fuel adhering to the exhaust pipe volatilizes. Generation of white smoke can be effectively suppressed.
  • the exhaust injection by the in-pipe injection valve 22 can be performed at a low exhaust temperature or a low load, the low temperature characteristics of the PM forced regeneration and LNT forced regeneration can be improved.
  • the fuel injection of the diesel engine 10 is performed by multistage injection when the estimated temperature Tc of the exhaust temperature estimating unit 41 is equal to or lower than the threshold (200 ° C.), and the catalyst temperature of the oxidation catalyst 35 is equal to or higher than the threshold (200 ° C.). If held, the multistage injection is quickly stopped and switched to normal injection.
  • the multistage injection in which the injection pattern is significantly retarded compared to the normal injection can be limited only when the oxidation catalyst 35 is heated, the state in which the combustion caused by the acceleration of the multistage injection becomes unstable is similarly limited. It is possible to effectively reduce deterioration of drivability due to acceleration failure or the like.
  • the capacities of the oxidation catalyst 35 and the light oil cracking catalyst 36 are set to capacities that allow S / V (for example, 100000 hr-1) when the operating state of the diesel engine 10 is from idle to low load. .
  • an electric heater 37 is provided upstream of the light oil cracking catalyst 36, and the operation of the electric heater 37 is controlled by an electric heater control unit (not shown) provided in the control ECU 40. You can also.
  • the detected value Ts of the exhaust gas temperature sensor 24 or the estimated temperature Tc of the exhaust gas temperature estimation unit 41 is equal to or lower than the threshold value (200 ° C.)
  • the temperature of the light oil cracking catalyst 36 is increased by operating the electric heater 37. Since the thermal decomposition of the light oil) is promoted, it becomes possible to effectively perform PM forced regeneration and LNT forced regeneration from the low exhaust temperature.
  • an SCR (SCR selective reduction catalyst) 33 may be arranged instead of the LNT 31 constituting the exhaust aftertreatment device 30.
  • a urea injection valve (not shown) may be provided on the upstream side of the SCR 33.
  • the exhaust aftertreatment device 30 has been described as being provided in the order of the LNT 31 and the DPF 32 or the SCR 33 and the DPF 32 from the upstream side. It can also be replaced.
  • Exhaust gas purification device 10 Diesel engine (internal combustion engine) 11 exhaust passage 22 exhaust pipe injection valve (exhaust passage fuel injection means) 30 Exhaust aftertreatment device 31 LNT (LNT storage reduction catalyst) 32 DPF 33 SCR (SCR selective reduction catalyst) 35 Oxidation catalyst (first catalyst) 36 Light oil cracking catalyst (second catalyst) 41 Exhaust temperature estimation unit (exhaust temperature estimation means) 42 Engine injection control unit (internal combustion engine injection control means) 43 PM forced regeneration control unit (regeneration control means) 44 LNT forced regeneration control unit (reproduction control means)

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Abstract

　排気ガス浄化装置に関し、簡素な構成で、排気後処理装置の低温特性を改善するとともに、ＮＯｘの還元浄化率を向上し、白煙の発生を効果的に低減する。　内燃機関１０の排気通路１１に設けられた排気後処理装置３０と、排気管内噴射弁２２と、第１の触媒３５と、排気管内噴射弁２２から噴射される燃料を熱分解する第２の触媒３６と、排気温度を推定する排気温度推定部４１と、内燃機関１０の燃料噴射を制御するエンジン噴射制御部４２と、排気後処理装置３０の再生を制御する再生制御部４３，４４とを備え、エンジン噴射制御部４２は、再生制御部４３，４４による再生に際し、排気温度推定部４１の出力値が閾値以下の場合は、第１の触媒３５に燃料を供給するポスト噴射を含む多段噴射で内燃機関の燃料噴射を制御するようにした。

Description

排気ガス浄化装置
　本発明は、内燃機関の排気通路に設けられた排気後処理装置と、排気後処理装置の上流側に排気管内噴射弁とを有する排気ガス浄化装置に関する。
　ディーゼルエンジン（内燃機関）の排気後処理装置として、排気ガス中の粒子状物質（ＰＭ）を捕集するＤＰＦ（ディーゼル・パティキュレイト・フィルタ）や、ＮＯｘを還元浄化するＬＮＴ（ＬＮＴ吸蔵還元型触媒）が用いられている。また、このＤＰＦやＬＮＴの強制再生として、排気管内に燃料を直接噴射する排気管内噴射が知られている。排気管内噴射はポスト噴射に比べ燃料によるオイル希釈が無く、また、排気後処理装置の強制再生時にＥＧＲを併用できるのでＮＯｘの悪化防止等の利点がある。
　この排気管内噴射においては、噴射された燃料は排気ガス中で熱分解（気化）されながら下流側のＤＰＦやＬＮＴに到達して、ＨＣ,ＣＯの燃焼により触媒を昇温したり、ＮＯｘ還元剤として機能する。噴射された燃料のＨＣ,ＣＯへの熱分解が始まる温度は２００～２５０℃以上なので、排気管への燃料付着等を防止するためには、排気ガス温度が２００～２５０℃以上の時に排気管内噴射を行うことが好ましい。そのため、アイドル等２００℃以下の排気ガス温度で排気管内噴射を行う場合は、排気ガスを昇温すべく多段噴射を併用する必要がある。
　例えば、特許文献１には、内燃機関の排気通路にＮＯｘ吸蔵還元型の触媒を設け、ＮＯｘ還元制御時には排気管内噴射と多段噴射とを併用し得る排気ガス浄化装置が開示されている。
特開２００７－１７０２１８号公報
　ところで、排気ガスの昇温のために行う多段噴射は、噴射パターンが通常噴射に比べ大幅にリタードされて、燃焼は膨張行程に集中することになる。したがって、加速時には空燃比λが低下して筒内圧力も低下するため、燃焼が不安定となり加速不良等によるドライバビリティの悪化を招く場合がある。
　また、アイドル以外の運転条件で多段噴射を中止して通常噴射を行うようにすると、低負荷領域で排気ガス温度が低下する。このような状態で排気管内噴射を行うと、噴射された燃料（軽油）は熱分解されずに排気管内に付着する。そのため、この付着した燃料が排気ガス温度の上昇時に揮発して白煙を発生させる可能性がある。
　また、排気ガス温度の低い低排ガス温度雰囲気では、排気管内に噴射された燃料（軽油）は分解が進まない状態で下流側の触媒に到達するので、触媒前面が燃料によるフィルタ目詰まりを引き起こす可能性がある。また、ＬＮＴの強制再生（リッチスパイク）時には、ＮＯｘの還元効率低下により、ＨＣスリップが悪化する場合がある。
　本発明はこのような課題に鑑みてなされたもので、簡素な構成で、排気後処理装置の低温特性を改善するとともに、ＮＯｘ還元浄化率を向上し、白煙の発生を効果的に低減できる排気ガス浄化装置を提供することを目的とする。
　上述の目的を達成するため、本発明の排気ガス浄化装置は、内燃機関の排気通路に設けられた排気後処理装置と、前記排気後処理装置の上流側の前記排気通路に設けられた排気通路燃料噴射手段と、前記排気通路燃料噴射手段の上流側の前記排気通路に設けられた第１の触媒と、前記排気通路燃料噴射手段と前記排気後処理装置との間の前記排気通路に設けられ、前記排気通路燃料噴射手段から噴射される燃料を熱分解する第２の触媒と、前記内燃機関の排気温度を検出または推定して出力する排気温度推定手段と、前記内燃機関の燃料噴射を制御する内燃機関噴射制御手段と、前記排気通路燃料噴射手段から燃料を噴射して行う前記排気後処理装置の再生を制御する再生制御手段とを備え、前記内燃機関噴射制御手段は、前記再生制御手段による再生制御に際し、前記排気温度推定手段の出力値が閾値以下の場合は、前記第２の触媒の触媒温度を閾値以上に昇温すべく、前記第１の触媒に燃料を供給するポスト噴射を含む多段噴射で、前記内燃機関の燃料噴射を制御することを特徴とする。
　また、前記第２の触媒の上流部に設けられた電気ヒータと、前記電気ヒータの稼働を制御する電気ヒータ制御部とをさらに備え、前記電気ヒータ制御部は、前記再生制御手段による再生制御に際し、前記排気温度推定手段の出力値が閾値以下の場合に前記電気ヒータを稼働させるようにしてもよい。
　また、前記第１の触媒及び前記第２の触媒は、メタル製の担体を有するとともに、前記排気通路と一体形成されるようにしてもよい。
　また、前記排気後処理装置は、ＤＰＦとＬＮＴ吸蔵還元型触媒とを備えるようにしてもよい。
　また、前記排気後処理装置は、ＤＰＦとＳＣＲ選択還元型触媒とを備えるようにしてもよい。
　本発明の排気ガス浄化装置によれば、簡素な構成で、排気後処理装置の低温特性を改善することができるとともに、ＮＯｘの還元浄化率を向上し、白煙の発生を効果的に低減することができる。
本発明の一実施形態に係る排気ガス浄化装置の概略図である。 本発明の一実施形態に係る排気ガス浄化装置の制御ＥＣＵを示すブロック図である。 本発明の一実施形態に係る排気ガス浄化装置のＰＭ強制再生制御を示すフローチャートである。 本発明の一実施形態に係る排気ガス浄化装置のＬＮＴ強制再生制御を示すフローチャートである。 他の実施形態に係る排気ガス浄化装置の構成を示す概略図である。 他の実施形態に係る排気後処理装置の構成を示す概略図である。
　以下、図面により、本発明に係る一実施形態について説明する。
　図１～４は、本発明の一実施形態に係る排気ガス浄化装置１を説明するものである。同一の部品には同一の符号を付してあり、それらの名称および機能も同じである。したがって、それらについての詳細な説明は繰返さない。
　図１に示すように、ディーゼルエンジン（内燃機関）１０には、吸気マニホールド１０ｂと排気マニホールド１０ａとが設けられている。また、この吸気マニホールド１０ｂには、ディーゼルエンジン１０内の吸気弁（不図示）の開弁により新気（吸入空気）を導入する吸気通路１４が接続され、排気マニホールド１０ａには、排気弁（不図示）の開弁により排気ガスを排出する排気通路１１が接続されている。
　吸気通路１４の上流側には吸気スロットル１８と、インタクーラー１７と、過給器１２と、マスエアフローセンサ１６が介装され、さらに吸気通路１４の先端にはエアフィルタ１５が設けられている。また、吸気マニホールド１０ｂと排気マニホールド１０ａとは、ＥＧＲ通路１９によって連通され、このＥＧＲ通路１９には、ＥＧＲクーラー２０とＥＧＲ弁２１とが設けられている。
　排気通路１１の下流側には、詳細を後述する排気後処理装置３０が設けられており、その上流側には、酸化触媒（第１の触媒）３５が設けられている。また、酸化触媒３５の下流側の排気通路１１には、燃料である軽油を熱分解（気化）する軽油分解触媒（第２の触媒）３６が設けられている。
　酸化触媒３５と軽油分解触媒３６との間には、排気管内に燃料を噴射する排気管内噴射弁（排気通路燃料噴射手段）２２が設けられている。また、酸化触媒３５の上流側の排気通路１１には、ディーゼルエンジン１０から排出される排気ガス温度を検出する排気温度センサ２４が設けられている。
　排気後処理装置３０は、上流側から順にＬＮＴ（ＬＮＴ吸蔵還元型触媒）３１とＤＰＦ３２とを備え構成されている。
　ＬＮＴ３１は、公知の構造であって、ハニカム構造の触媒担体にＮＯｘ吸蔵材等を担持して構成されている。このＬＮＴ３１は、リーン雰囲気の通常運転時にＮＯｘを吸蔵するとともに、リッチ雰囲気下で吸蔵したＮＯｘを放出してＮ2に還元浄化する。一般的にディーゼルエンジンはリーン雰囲気で運転される。したがって、ＬＮＴ３１は、後述するＬＮＴ強制再生制御部（再生制御手段）４４によって、排気管内噴射弁２２から燃料を噴射して一時的にリッチ雰囲気にすることで、ＮＯｘをＮ2に還元浄化する再生制御が行われる。
　ＤＰＦ（ディーゼル・パティキュレイト・フィルタ）３２は、公知の構造あって、セラミック製のハニカム構造体からなる多数のセル内をガス流路として備え、上流側と下流側とを交互に目封じして構成されている。このＤＰＦ３２は、排気ガスに含まれるＰＭ（粒子状物質）を捕集するとともに、後述するＰＭ強制再生制御部（再生制御手段）４３によってＰＭ燃焼温度（例えば、５００℃程度）まで昇温されることで、堆積したＰＭを燃焼除去する再生制御が行われる。
　酸化触媒３５は、メタル又はセラミック製のハニカム構造を有する担体に、白金（Ｐｔ）等を担持して構成されている。この酸化触媒３５は、後述するポスト噴射によって酸化触媒活性温度（例えば、２００℃～２５０℃）以上に昇温される。
　軽油分解触媒３６は、軽油の長鎖成分を分解して短鎖のＨＣ成分やＣＯ成分に分解するもので、メタル又はセラミック製のハニカム構造を有する担体に、パラジウム（Ｐｄ）を主成分として担持して構成されている。この軽油分解触媒３６は、後述する制御ＥＣＵ４０のエンジン噴射制御部（内燃機関噴射制御手段）４２によるポスト噴射によって酸化触媒３５が昇温され、この酸化触媒３５を通過する排気ガス温度が触媒活性温度（例えば２００℃～２５０℃）以上に昇温されると、ＬＮＴ３１やＤＰＦ３２の再生制御時に排気管内噴射弁２２から噴射される燃料（軽油）を速やかに短鎖のＨＣやＣＯに熱分解して、下流側のＬＮＴ３１やＤＰＦ３２へと送り出す。
　本実施形態において、この酸化触媒３５と軽油分解触媒３６との容量は、各々でディーゼルエンジン１０の運転状態がアイドル～低負荷時におけるＳ／Ｖ（例えば、１０００００ｈｒ－１程度）を許容できる値、すなわち触媒活性が確保できる上限値で設定されている。また、酸化触媒３５と軽油分解触媒３６とにメタル製の担体を用いた場合は、排気通路１１と一体構造にすることで、排気ガス浄化装置１をよりコンパクトにできる。
　次に、本実施形態に係る制御ＥＣＵ４０について説明する。
　制御ＥＣＵ４０は、公知のＣＰＵやＲＯＭ、ＲＡＭ、入力ポート、出力ポート等を備え構成されている。また、制御ＥＣＵ４０には、エンジン回転数センサ（不図示）、アクセル開度センサ（不図示）、排気温度センサ２４等の出力信号がＡ／Ｄ変換された後に入力される。
　図２に示すように、本実施形態に係る制御ＥＣＵ４０は、排気温度推定部（排気温度推定手段）４１と、エンジン噴射制御部（内燃機関噴射制御手段）４２と、ＰＭ強制再生制御部（再生制御手段）４３と、ＬＮＴ強制再生制御部（再生制御手段）４４とを一部の機能要素として有する。これら各機能要素は、本実施形態では一体のハードウェアである制御ＥＣＵ４０に含まれるものとして説明するが、これらのいずれか一部を別体のハードウェアに設けることもできる。
　排気温度推定部（排気温度推定手段）４１は、ディーゼルエンジン１０から排出される排気ガスの温度を推定する。この推定温度は、予め作成した燃料噴射量と排気ガス量との関係を示す温度特性マップ（不図示）に基づいて算出される。
　エンジン噴射制御部（内燃機関噴射制御手段）４２は、ディーゼルエンジン１０の燃料噴射を制御する。より詳しくは、排気温度推定部４１の推定温度Ｔｃが閾値（例えば、２００℃）以下の時、エンジン噴射制御部４２は、１燃焼行程（吸気－圧縮－爆発－排気）中に、燃料をパイロット噴射、メイン噴射、アフター噴射、ポスト噴射の複数回で噴射する多段噴射を行う制御信号を燃料噴射弁９に出力する。一方、排気温度推定部４１の推定温度Ｔｃが閾値（２００℃）よりも高い時、エンジン噴射制御部４２は、１燃焼行程中に運転状態に応じた適量の燃料を１回噴射する通常噴射を行う制御信号を燃料噴射弁９に出力する。
　また、エンジン噴射制御部４２は、この多段噴射のうち、所定の時期に少量の燃料を噴射するポスト噴射によって酸化触媒３５の触媒温度を閾値（２００℃）以上に昇温するとともに、酸化触媒３５の触媒温度を２００℃～２５０℃以上（以下、目標温度ともいう）に保持すると、多段噴射を通常噴射に切り換えてディーゼルエンジン１０の燃料噴射を制御するように構成されている。なお、この制御に利用する排気ガス温度は、排気温度推定部４１による推定温度Ｔｃに替えて、排気温度センサ２４の検出値Ｔｓを用いることもできる。
　ＰＭ強制再生制御部（再生制御手段）４３は、ＤＰＦ３２に捕集されて堆積したＰＭをＰＭ燃焼温度（例えば５００℃程度）まで昇温して焼却除去するＰＭ強制再生制御を行う。具体的には、排気後処理装置３０の上流側と下流側とには圧力センサ（不図示）が設けられており、この圧力センサの差圧が所定値以上になり、かつ、推定温度Ｔｃ又は検出値Ｔｓが閾値（２００℃）よりも高い場合に、燃料を排気管内噴射弁２２から軽油分解触媒３６に供給するＰＭ強制再生制御が行われる。この、軽油分解触媒３６に供給された燃料（軽油）は、２００℃以上の温度条件下で熱分解（気化）が促進され、熱分解された状態で下流側のＤＰＦ３２へと供給される。
　ＬＮＴ強制再生制御部（再生制御手段）４４は、空燃比を一時的にリッチ雰囲気にするＬＮＴ３１の強制再生制御を行う。具体的には、エンジン回転数と負荷とをパラメータとするＮＯｘ排出マップ（不図示）に基づいて積算したＮＯｘ吸蔵量が所定値以上となり、かつ、推定温度Ｔｃ又は検出値Ｔｓが閾値（２００℃）よりも高い場合に、排気管内噴射弁２２から燃料を噴射させることで一時的にリッチ雰囲気にするリッチスパイクが実施される。このリッチスパイクにより、ＬＮＴ３１に吸蔵されているＮＯｘは還元浄化される。なお、このＬＮＴ強制再生制御を、所定の周期で定期的に行うようにしてもよい。
　本発明の一実施形態に係る排気ガス浄化装置１は、以上のように構成されているので、例えば図３，４に示すフローに従って以下のような制御が行われる。
　まず、図３に示すＰＭ強制再生制御フローから説明する。
　ステップ（以下、ステップを単にＳと記載する）１００では、圧力センサの差圧に基づいて、ＤＰＦ３２に捕集されたＰＭ捕集量が許容値を超えたか否かが確認される。差圧が所定値以上の場合、すなわちＰＭ捕集量が許容値を超えた場合は、Ｓ１１０へと進む。一方、差圧が所定値よりも小さい場合、すなわちＰＭ捕集量が許容値を超えていない場合は、本制御はリターンされる。
　Ｓ１１０では、排気温度推定部４１の推定温度Ｔｃが閾値（２００℃）以下であるか否かが確認される。推定温度Ｔｃが閾値以下であれば酸化触媒３５の昇温は必要と判定されＳ１２０へと進む。一方、推定温度Ｔｃが閾値より高い場合は、酸化触媒３５の昇温は不要と判定されＳ１５０へと進み、ＰＭ強制再生制御が実行されてリターンされる。なお、この判定に排気温度センサ２４の検出値Ｔｓを用いることもできる。
　Ｓ１２０では、エンジン噴射制御部４２によってポスト噴射が実行され、酸化触媒３５の触媒温度は閾値（２００℃）以上となるように昇温される。
　Ｓ１３０では、Ｓ１２０で昇温された酸化触媒３５の触媒温度が目標温度（２００℃～２５０℃以上）に保持されて多段噴射は中止される。なお、酸化触媒３５の触媒温度が目標温度（２００℃～２５０℃以上）に保持されると、排気管内噴射弁２２の近くを流れる排気ガス温度や軽油分解触媒３６の触媒温度も同様に、この目標温度（２００℃～２５０℃以上）に昇温されて保持される。
　Ｓ１４０では、ＰＭ強制再生制御部４３によって、排気管内噴射弁２２から燃料を噴射してＰＭ燃焼温度（例えば５００℃程度）まで昇温するＰＭ強制再生制御が実行され、本制御はリターンされる。
　次に、図４に示すＬＮＴ３１の強制再生制御フローを説明する。
　Ｓ２００では、ＮＯｘ排出マップ（不図示）に基づいて積算したＮＯｘ吸蔵量が所定値以上であるか否かが確認される。ＮＯｘ吸蔵量が所定値以上の場合は、ＬＮＴ３１のＮＯｘ吸蔵能力は飽和状態と判定されＳ２１０へと進む。一方、ＮＯｘ吸蔵量が所定値よりも小さい場合は、本制御はリターンされる。
　Ｓ２１０では、排気温度推定部４１の推定温度Ｔｃが閾値（２００℃）以下であるか否かが確認される。推定温度Ｔｃが閾値以下であれば酸化触媒３５の昇温が必要と判定されＳ２２０へと進む。一方、推定温度Ｔｃが閾値より高い場合は、酸化触媒３５の昇温は不要と判定されＳ２５０へと進み、ＬＮＴ強制再生制御が実行されてリターンされる。なお、この判定に排気温度センサ２４の検出値Ｔｓを用いることもできる。
　Ｓ２２０では、エンジン噴射制御部４２によってポスト噴射が実行され、酸化触媒３５の触媒温度は閾値（２００℃）以上となるように昇温される。
　Ｓ２３０では、Ｓ２２０で昇温された酸化触媒３５の触媒温度が目標温度（２００℃～２５０℃以上）に保持されて多段噴射は中止される。なお、酸化触媒３５の触媒温度が目標温度（２００℃～２５０℃以上）に保持されると、排気管内噴射弁２２の近くを流れる排気ガス温度や軽油分解触媒３６の触媒温度も同様に、この目標温度（２００℃～２５０℃以上）に昇温されて保持される。
　Ｓ２４０では、ＬＮＴ強制再生制御部４４によって、排気管内噴射弁２２から燃料を噴射してリッチ雰囲気にするＬＮＴ強制再生制御（リッチスパイク）が実行され本制御はリターンされる。
　上述のような構成により、本発明の一実施形態に係る排気ガス浄化装置１によれば以下のような作用・効果を奏する。
　すなわち、ＰＭ強制再生制御やＬＮＴ強制再生制御に際し、排気温度推定部４１の推定温度Ｔｃが閾値（例えば、２００℃）以下の場合はポスト噴射が行われ、酸化触媒３５と軽油分解触媒３６との触媒温度は目標温度（例えば、２００℃～２５０℃以上）に昇温されて保持される。この温度条件下で、排気管内噴射弁２２から噴射された燃料（軽油）は、ＨＣ，ＣＯへの熱分解が促進される。
　したがって、排気管内噴射弁２２から噴射された燃料が、軽油分解触媒３６や下流側のＬＮＴ３１，ＤＰＦ３２の前面に付着することで生じるフィルタ目詰まりや、排気管内に付着した燃料が揮発することで生じる白煙の発生等を効果的に抑止できる。当然ながら、排気管内噴射弁２２による排気噴射を低排気温度時や低負荷時から行うことが可能となるので、ＰＭ強制再生やＬＮＴ強制再生の低温特性を改善することができる。
　また、ディーゼルエンジン１０の燃料噴射は、排気温度推定部４１の推定温度Ｔｃが閾値（２００℃）以下の場合は多段噴射で行われるとともに、酸化触媒３５の触媒温度が閾値（２００℃）以上に保持されると、この多段噴射を速やかに中止して通常噴射へと切り換えられる。
　したがって、噴射パターンが通常噴射に比べ大幅にリタードされる多段噴射を酸化触媒３５の昇温時のみに制限できるので、多段噴射の加速時等に引き起こされる燃焼が不安定となる状態も同様に制限でき、加速不良等によるドライバビリティの悪化を効果的に低減することができる。
　また、酸化触媒３５及び軽油分解触媒３６の容量は、各々でディーゼルエンジン１０の運転状態がアイドル～低負荷時におけるＳ／Ｖ（例えば、１０００００ｈｒ－１）を許容できる程度の容量で設定されている。
　したがって、排気ガス浄化装置１の製造コストの増加を最小限に抑えることができる。
　なお、本発明は、上述の実施形態に限定されるものではなく、本発明の趣旨を逸脱しない範囲で、適宜変形して実施することが可能である。
　例えば、図５に示すように、軽油分解触媒３６の上流部に電気ヒータ３７を設け、この電気ヒータ３７の稼動を制御ＥＣＵ４０に設けた電気ヒータ制御部（不図示）によって制御するように構成することもできる。排気温度センサ２４の検出値Ｔｓ又は排気温度推定部４１の推定温度Ｔｃが閾値（２００℃）以下の時に、電気ヒータ３７を稼働させて軽油分解触媒３６を昇温すれば、排気噴射による燃料（軽油）の熱分解が促進されるので、排気温度の低温時からＰＭ強制再生やＬＮＴ強制再生を効果的に行うことが可能となる。
　また、図６に示すように、排気後処理装置３０を構成するＬＮＴ３１に替えてＳＣＲ（ＳＣＲ選択還元型触媒）３３を配置することもできる。この場合、ＳＣＲ３３の上流側に尿素噴射弁（不図示）を設ければよい。
　また、本実施形態において、排気後処理装置３０は、上流側から、ＬＮＴ３１，ＤＰＦ３２もしくは、ＳＣＲ３３，ＤＰＦ３２の順に設けられるものとして説明したが、必ずしもこの順序で配置する必要はなく、適宜この順序を入れ替えて配置することもできる。
　１　排気ガス浄化装置
　１０　ディーゼルエンジン（内燃機関）
　１１　排気通路
　２２　排気管内噴射弁（排気通路燃料噴射手段）
　３０　排気後処理装置
　３１　ＬＮＴ（ＬＮＴ吸蔵還元型触媒）
　３２　ＤＰＦ
　３３　ＳＣＲ（ＳＣＲ選択還元型触媒）
　３５　酸化触媒（第１の触媒）
　３６　軽油分解触媒（第２の触媒）
　４１　排気温度推定部（排気温度推定手段）
　４２　エンジン噴射制御部（内燃機関噴射制御手段）
　４３　ＰＭ強制再生制御部（再生制御手段）
　４４　ＬＮＴ強制再生制御部（再生制御手段）

Claims (5)

  1. 　内燃機関の排気通路に設けられた排気後処理装置と、前記排気後処理装置の上流側の排気通路に設けられた排気通路燃料噴射手段と、前記排気通路燃料噴射手段の上流側の排気通路に設けられた第１の触媒と、前記排気通路燃料噴射手段と前記排気後処理装置との間の排気通路に設けられ、前記排気通路燃料噴射手段から噴射される燃料を熱分解する第２の触媒と、前記内燃機関の排気温度を検出または推定して出力する排気温度推定手段と、前記内燃機関の燃料噴射を制御する内燃機関噴射制御手段と、前記排気通路燃料噴射手段から燃料を噴射して行う前記排気後処理装置の再生を制御する再生制御手段と、を備え、
    　前記内燃機関噴射制御手段は、前記再生制御手段による再生制御に際し、前記排気温度推定手段の出力値が閾値以下の場合は、前記第２の触媒の触媒温度を閾値以上に昇温すべく、前記第１の触媒に燃料を供給するポスト噴射を含む多段噴射で前記内燃機関の燃料噴射を制御する
    ことを特徴とする排気ガス浄化装置。
  2. 　前記第２の触媒の上流部に設けられた電気ヒータと、前記電気ヒータの稼働を制御する電気ヒータ制御部と、をさらに備え、
    　前記電気ヒータ制御部は、前記再生制御手段による再生制御に際し、前記排気温度推定手段の出力値が閾値以下の場合に前記電気ヒータを稼働させる
    ことを特徴とする請求項１に記載の排気ガス浄化装置。
  3. 　前記第１の触媒及び前記第２の触媒は、メタル製の担体を有するとともに、前記排気通路と一体形成される
    ことを特徴とする請求項１又は２に記載の排気ガス浄化装置。
  4. 　前記排気後処理装置は、ＤＰＦとＬＮＴ吸蔵還元型触媒とを備える
    ことを特徴とする請求項１～３の何れかに記載の排気ガス浄化装置。
  5. 　前記排気後処理装置は、ＤＰＦとＳＣＲ選択還元型触媒とを備える
    ことを特徴とする請求項１～３の何れかに記載の排気ガス浄化装置。 
PCT/JP2011/059153 2010-04-15 2011-04-13 排気ガス浄化装置 WO2011129359A1 (ja)

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CN201180018716.9A CN102844532B (zh) 2010-04-15 2011-04-13 废气净化装置
US13/640,966 US8973348B2 (en) 2010-04-15 2011-04-13 Exhaust gas purification device
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CN103339351A (zh) * 2012-01-04 2013-10-02 丰田自动车株式会社 排气加热方法

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CN102844532A (zh) 2012-12-26
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