WO2011126092A1 - Cu-Ga合金粉末の製造方法及びCu-Ga合金粉末、並びにCu-Ga合金スパッタリングターゲットの製造方法及びCu-Ga合金スパッタリングターゲット - Google Patents
Cu-Ga合金粉末の製造方法及びCu-Ga合金粉末、並びにCu-Ga合金スパッタリングターゲットの製造方法及びCu-Ga合金スパッタリングターゲット Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/22—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the process of coating
- C23C14/34—Sputtering
- C23C14/3407—Cathode assembly for sputtering apparatus, e.g. Target
- C23C14/3414—Metallurgical or chemical aspects of target preparation, e.g. casting, powder metallurgy
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/12—Both compacting and sintering
- B22F3/14—Both compacting and sintering simultaneously
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/04—Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/04—Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
- C22C1/0425—Copper-based alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/22—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the process of coating
- C23C14/34—Sputtering
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/541—CuInSe2 material PV cells
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing a Cu—Ga alloy powder, a Cu—Ga alloy powder, and a Cu—Ga alloy used for forming a light absorption layer of a CIGS (Cu—In—Ga—Se quaternary alloy) solar cell.
- the present invention relates to a sputtering target manufacturing method and a Cu—Ga alloy sputtering target.
- This application includes Japanese Patent Application No. 2010-090475 filed on April 9, 2010 in Japan and Japanese Patent Application No. 2010- filed on August 24, 2010 in Japan. The priority is claimed on the basis of 187160, which is incorporated herein by reference with reference to these applications.
- the CIGS solar cell has, as a basic structure, a Mo electrode layer serving as a back electrode formed on a soda lime glass substrate and a Cu—In—Ga—Se serving as a light absorption layer formed on the Mo electrode layer.
- a vapor deposition method is known as a method for forming a light absorption layer made of a Cu—In—Ga—Se quaternary alloy film, but a method of forming by a sputtering method in order to obtain a uniform film over a wider area.
- a sputtering method first, an In film is formed by sputtering using an In target, and a Cu—Ga alloy film is formed on the In film by sputtering using a Cu—Ga alloy sputtering target.
- the melting method has a problem that a melt-cast Cu—Ga alloy having a composition for CIGS solar cells is brittle and easily cracked.
- the powder sintering method is regarded as a promising method for producing a sputtering target because a uniform composition can be obtained.
- Patent Document 1 As a powder sintering method, for example, in Patent Document 1, a high Ga content Cu—Ga alloy powder and a pure Cu or low Ga content Cu—Ga alloy powder are blended to produce a sputtering target by hot pressing. It is described.
- Cu—Ga alloy powder is used as a raw material for the powder sintering method.
- Cu—Ga alloy is a brittle material
- Cu and Ga are once melted and alloyed, and then pulverized to obtain Cu—Ga alloy powder. That is, in order to obtain a Cu—Ga alloy powder, a process for dissolving Cu and Ga at a high temperature and a pulverization process such as pulverizing a Cu—Ga alloy ingot are necessary.
- the present invention has been proposed in view of the above circumstances, and a Cu-Ga alloy powder production method, a Cu-Ga alloy powder, and a Cu-Ga alloy powder capable of easily producing a high-quality Cu-Ga alloy powder, and Cu-- A method for producing a Ga alloy sputtering target and a Cu—Ga alloy sputtering target are provided.
- the present inventors can easily obtain high-quality Cu—Ga alloy powder by blending Cu powder and Ga at a predetermined ratio and alloying them in a predetermined temperature range. It was also found that a high-quality Cu—Ga alloy sputtering target can be obtained.
- a mixed powder in which Cu powder and Ga are mixed at a mass ratio of 85:15 to 55:45 is mixed in an inert atmosphere for 30 to 700. It is characterized by being alloyed by stirring at a temperature of ° C.
- the Cu—Ga alloy powder according to the present invention is manufactured by the above-described manufacturing method.
- the method for producing a Cu—Ga alloy sputtering target according to the present invention comprises mixing a mixed powder containing Cu powder and Ga in a mass ratio of 85:15 to 55:45 in an inert atmosphere for 30 to 30 minutes. It is characterized by having a production process for producing Cu—Ga alloy powder by stirring and alloying at a temperature of 700 ° C., and a sintering process for molding and sintering the Cu—Ga alloy powder.
- the Cu—Ga alloy sputtering target according to the present invention is manufactured by the above-described manufacturing method.
- a high-quality Cu—Ga alloy powder can be easily obtained, and a Cu—Ga alloy sputtering target excellent in uniformity and workability can be obtained.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a Cu—Ga alloy powder.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining the outline of the method for manufacturing the Cu—Ga alloy sputtering target in one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional photograph of Cu—Ga alloy powder by EPMA mapping analysis.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram schematically showing the cross-sectional photograph shown in FIG.
- FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional photograph of a Cu—Ga alloy sintered body by EPMA mapping analysis.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram schematically showing the cross-sectional photograph shown in FIG.
- FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional photograph of Cu—Ga alloy powder by EPMA mapping analysis.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram schematically showing the cross-sectional photograph shown in FIG.
- Method for producing Cu-Ga alloy powder> material
- Cu powder and Ga are used as raw materials for the Cu—Ga alloy powder.
- the purity of the Cu powder and Ga is appropriately selected so as not to affect the characteristics of the CIGS light absorption layer formed from the Cu—Ga alloy sputtering target.
- the Cu powder for example, electrolytic Cu powder or atomized Cu powder produced by an electrolytic method or an atomizing method can be used.
- the electrolytic Cu powder is produced by depositing spongy or dendritic Cu on the cathode by electrolysis in an electrolytic solution such as a copper sulfate solution.
- an electrolytic solution such as a copper sulfate solution.
- atomized Cu powder spherical or irregular shaped Cu powder is produced by a gas atomization method, a water atomization method, a centrifugal atomization method, a melt extraction method, or the like. In addition, you may use what was manufactured by Cu methods other than these methods.
- the average particle size of the Cu powder is preferably 1 to 300 ⁇ m.
- the average particle size of the Cu powder is 1 ⁇ m or more, the Cu powder is prevented from being scattered and special handling becomes unnecessary, and the bulk of the Cu powder increases the size of the alloy powder production apparatus, resulting in an expensive apparatus. Can be prevented.
- the average particle size of the Cu powder is 300 ⁇ m or less, the surface area (BET) of the Cu powder that must be coated with Ga is insufficient, and excess unreacted liquid phase Ga tends to remain. Can be prevented.
- the average particle size of the Cu powder is determined by measuring the particle size distribution of the Cu powder by a laser diffraction method and integrating from the small diameter side, and the value becomes half the integrated value over the entire particle size (D50). It is.
- Ga is a metal having a low melting point (melting point: 29.78 ° C.) and is easily melted by heating.
- the molten Ga is coated with Cu powder to form a binary alloy.
- limiting in the shape of Ga when it is a small piece, weighing is easy.
- the small piece can be obtained by melting and casting Ga in the vicinity of room temperature and crushing the casting.
- Ga content is 25 to 41% by mass.
- Ga is 25% by mass or more, it can be uniformly coated in a short time, and when Ga is 41% by mass or less, Ga coated can be alloyed in a short time.
- the mixed powder in which Cu powder and Ga are blended at the mass ratio described above is agitated and alloyed at a temperature of 30 to 700 ° C. in an inert atmosphere to produce a Cu—Ga alloy powder.
- the Cu powder and Ga pieces weighed at the above-described mass ratio are controlled at a temperature higher than the melting point of Ga and lower than the melting point of Cu, that is, in the range of 30 to 700 ° C.
- a Cu—Ga binary alloy is formed on the surface or inside.
- the mixed powder by mixing the mixed powder in an inert atmosphere at a temperature of 30 ° C. or higher and lower than 400 ° C., a Cu—Ga binary alloy layer is formed on the surface of the Cu powder, and Cu having excellent strength and formability is obtained.
- -Ga alloy powder can be obtained.
- the mixed powder is stirred at a temperature of 400 ° C. or higher and 700 ° C. or lower in an inert atmosphere to form a Cu—Ga binary alloy inside the Cu powder, so that a Cu—Ga alloy having a uniform composition is formed.
- a powder can be obtained.
- the mixed powder is alloyed by stirring at a temperature of 30 ° C. or higher and lower than 400 ° C. in an inert atmosphere, and the alloyed powder is heat-treated at a temperature of 400 ° C. or higher and 700 ° C. or lower in an inert atmosphere. May be.
- Cu-Ga alloy powder is considered to be formed through the following process.
- Ga which has become liquid beyond the melting point, is uniformly dispersed between Cu powders while becoming small droplets by the shearing motion of mixing.
- the dispersed Ga droplets adhere to the periphery of the Cu powder, and when the Cu powder and Ga droplets come into contact with each other, the diffusion of Ga begins in the Cu powder, and alloying is performed while increasing the Ga concentration and forming a Cu-Ga intermetallic compound.
- the reaction proceeds.
- the surface of the powder is a Cu—Ga intermetallic compound layer having a high Ga concentration, and the central part is a pure Cu or a Cu phase in which Ga is dissolved.
- This mixing of Cu powder and Ga is effective for the progress of uniform alloying reaction. Moreover, it is considered that the shearing motion of mixing also suppresses the formation of a lump due to the adhesion between the powders. If a lump is generated, voids are generated in the sintered body in a sintering process such as hot pressing, and the density is not uniform.
- a mixing device in which a stirring blade or a stirring blade moves in the container can be used.
- you may use rotating container type mixing apparatuses, such as a cylinder, a double cone, and a twin shell. Also, mixing may be strengthened by throwing balls into the container.
- the container material is selected from the viewpoints of heat resistance against heating and suppression of adhesion of Ga and Cu—Ga alloys.
- glass containers such as borosilicate glass and quartz glass, ceramic containers such as alumina and zirconia, Teflon (registered trademark) resin containers, Teflon (registered trademark) coated containers, enamel containers, and the like can be used.
- Heating and mixing are preferably performed in an inert gas atmosphere such as argon gas or nitrogen gas.
- an inert gas atmosphere such as argon gas or nitrogen gas.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a Cu—Ga alloy powder obtained by the above-described manufacturing method.
- This Cu—Ga alloy powder contains 15 to 45 mass% of Ga, with the balance being Cu and inevitable impurities.
- the Cu—Ga alloy powder shown in FIG. 1A is obtained by alloying a mixed powder containing Cu powder and Ga at a temperature of 30 ° C. or more and less than 400 ° C. in an inert atmosphere.
- This Cu—Ga alloy powder includes a Cu—Ga binary alloy layer 11 on the surface and Cu 12 in the center. According to the Cu—Ga alloy powder having such a configuration, the strength is increased and excellent formability can be obtained by Cu12 at the center. Further, a Cu—Ga alloy sputtering target having a uniform composition can be obtained by sintering the Cu—Ga alloy powder.
- the Cu—Ga alloy powder shown in FIG. 1B was alloyed by stirring a mixed powder containing Cu powder and Ga at a temperature of 400 ° C. to 700 ° C. in an inert atmosphere.
- the mixed powder is alloyed by stirring at a temperature of 30 ° C. or higher and lower than 400 ° C. in an inert atmosphere, and the alloyed powder is heat-treated at a temperature of 400 ° C. or higher and 700 ° C. or lower in an inert atmosphere.
- this Cu—Ga alloy powder is composed of the Cu—Ga binary alloy 21 having a uniform composition, a Cu—Ga alloy sputtering target having a uniform composition can be easily obtained by sintering this Cu—Ga alloy powder. Can do.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining an outline of a method for manufacturing a Cu—Ga alloy sputtering target according to one embodiment of the present invention. It has a production process (A) for producing a Cu—Ga alloy powder, a sintering process (B) for sintering the Cu—Ga alloy powder, and a finishing process (C).
- A production process for producing a Cu—Ga alloy powder
- B sintering process
- C finishing process
- the same method as the above-described method for producing a Cu—Ga alloy powder is used, and a mixed powder in which Cu powder and Ga are blended at a mass ratio of 85:15 to 55:45 is inerted.
- Cu-Ga alloy powder is obtained by stirring and alloying in an atmosphere at a temperature of 30 to 700 ° C.
- the Cu—Ga alloy powder can be obtained, for example, by a mixing device in which a stirring blade rotates and a heater is installed on the outer periphery of the container as shown in FIG.
- the next sintering step (B) it is possible to use a powder sintering method in which the Cu—Ga alloy powder is formed by, for example, a press, and the formed body is sintered at 400 to 800 ° C. in a vacuum.
- the sintering method may be sintering in an inert gas atmosphere, or a hot press method (HP method) in which raw material powder is put into a heat-resistant mold at high temperature and pressed, and a gas as a pressurizing medium is used.
- HIP method hot isostatic pressing / sintering method
- a Cu—Ga alloy sputtering target can be obtained by finishing the surface of the Cu—Ga alloy sintered body to a flat surface by grinding and bonding it to a Cu backing plate.
- Cu powder and Ga are blended at a predetermined ratio and alloyed within a predetermined temperature range, so that Cu and Ga are once melt-cast at a high temperature as before, and then the Cu-Ga alloy ingot is pulverized. Since there is no such process, a high-quality Cu—Ga alloy powder can be easily obtained. In addition, a Cu—Ga alloy sputtering target having a uniform composition can be obtained easily and inexpensively.
- Example 1 In a glove box having an argon gas atmosphere, a 300 mL porcelain beaker set in a mantle heater and a stirrer having a glass stirring blade attached to the porcelain beaker were installed.
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional photograph of Cu—Ga alloy powder by EPMA mapping analysis.
- (A) is a secondary electron image of Cu—Ga alloy powder
- (B) is a Cu mapping image
- (C) is a Ga mapping image.
- the Cu concentration or Ga concentration is shown in blue to red, and the higher the concentration is, the more red it is shown.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram schematically showing the cross-sectional photograph shown in FIG. 3, and FIGS. 4A to 4C correspond to FIGS. 3A to 3C, respectively.
- the Cu concentration or the Ga concentration is shown by some dots (dots). Corresponds to the blue to red densities shown in B) and (C).
- the inside of the powder is red and the surface of the powder is light blue.
- the inside of the powder is black and the surface of the powder is orange. Therefore, the Cu—Ga alloy powder has Cu— It was found that a Ga binary alloy layer was formed.
- Cu—Ga alloy powder was press-molded at a pressure of 196 MPa using a press machine and a 100 mm ⁇ 100 mm square press die.
- This molded body was sintered in a vacuum sintering furnace (manufactured by Shimadzu Mectem Co., Ltd.) under the conditions of a vacuum degree of 2 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 2 Pa and a temperature of 700 ° C. for 1 hour, and was 100 mm long, 100 mm wide, and thick A Cu—Ga alloy sintered body having a thickness of 5 mm was produced.
- FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional photograph of a Cu—Ga alloy sintered body by EPMA mapping analysis.
- (A) is a secondary electron image of a Cu—Ga alloy sintered body
- (B) is a Cu mapping image
- (C) is a Ga mapping image.
- the mapping image has a density of blue to red, and a higher density indicates a red color.
- 6 is a diagram schematically showing the cross-sectional photograph shown in FIG. 5.
- FIGS. 6A to 6C correspond to FIGS. 5A to 5C, respectively.
- the Cu—Ga alloy sintered body was subjected to surface grinding, finished to a size of 100 mm in length, 100 mm in width and 4 mm in thickness by machining, and bonded to a Cu backing plate to obtain a Cu—Ga alloy sputtering target. .
- Example 2 The raw material Cu powder was changed to atomized Cu powder (average particle size 37 ⁇ m, oxygen: 0.03 wt%), and the heating temperature was set to 400 ° C. and the heating time was set to 2 hours. Cu—Ga alloy powder was prepared. The obtained Cu—Ga alloy powder was an off-white powder.
- FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional photograph of Cu—Ga alloy powder by EPMA mapping analysis.
- (A) is a secondary electron image of a Cu—Ga alloy powder
- (B) is a Cu mapping image
- (C) is a Ga mapping image.
- the mapping image has a density of blue to red, and a higher density indicates a red color.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram schematically showing the cross-sectional photograph shown in FIG. 7.
- FIGS. 8A to 8C correspond to FIGS. 7A to 7C, respectively.
- FIG. 8A to 8C correspond to FIGS. 7A to 7C, respectively.
- the Cu concentration or the Ga concentration is shown by some dots (dots). Corresponds to the blue to red densities shown in B) and (C). From the results shown in FIG. 7, it was found that the Cu—Ga alloy powder had a uniform composition in which a Cu—Ga binary alloy was also formed inside the Cu powder.
- Example 3 to 11, Comparative Examples 1 to 3 Cu—Ga alloy powders were obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the mixing ratio of the raw material Cu powder and Ga was changed to that shown in Table 1.
- a Cu—Ga alloy powder was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the Cu powder was an electrolytic powder (average particle size: 37 ⁇ m).
- Example 11 a Cu—Ga alloy powder was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that atomized Cu powder having an average particle diameter of 45 ⁇ m was used.
- a Cu—Ga alloy sputtering target was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the sintering temperature of Example 8 was 500 ° C. and the sintering temperature of Example 9 and Comparative Example 3 was 400 ° C.
- Table 1 shows the evaluation results of Examples 1 to 11 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3.
- the yield was evaluated based on the ratio of the obtained powder weight to the total weight of the raw materials. A yield of 97% or higher was judged as good, 90 to 97% as good, and 90% or lower as poor.
- the uniformity evaluation of the composition of the sintered body was performed by arbitrarily selecting 10 regions of 10 mm square in the cross section of the central portion in the thickness direction of the sintered body, and the variation in Ga concentration obtained by EPMA mapping analysis was If it was within ⁇ 5%, it was judged good, and if it exceeded ⁇ 5%, it was judged as bad.
- the workability of the sintered body is evaluated by examining the number of chips per 10 cm of the edge length of the sintered body after surface grinding. Rated as bad.
- Cu—Ga alloy sputtering targets were produced by changing conditions such as alloying temperature and heat treatment temperature.
- Example 12 In a glove box in an argon gas atmosphere, 68.0 g of atomized Cu powder (average particle size 5 ⁇ m, oxygen: 0.12 wt%) in a 300 mL ball mill cylindrical container made of Teflon (registered trademark), Ga small piece 32.0 g and 40 balls made of zirconia having a diameter of 10 mm were charged, sealed with a Teflon (registered trademark) container lid, and filled with argon gas. A ball mill frame was placed in an oven heated to 70 ° C., a cylindrical container was set, and heating and mixing were performed in an argon gas atmosphere at a rotation speed of 30 rpm for 1 hour. After the cylindrical container was taken out and cooled to room temperature, the container lid was opened and the contents were taken out. As a result, grayish white powder was obtained.
- Teflon registered trademark
- This powder was heat-treated in an Ar gas atmosphere at 480 ° C. for 1 hour.
- the central part of the powder is Cu—Ga alloy phase in which Cu or Ga is dissolved
- the outer peripheral part is Cu—Ga alloy phase composed of a Cu—Ga alloy phase having a Ga concentration of 30 to 70 mass%.
- the Ga concentration and oxygen content of this Cu—Ga alloy powder were analyzed, the Ga concentration was 32.1 mass% and the oxygen content was 0.10 mass%. That is, it was confirmed that the composition of the Cu—Ga alloy powder was the same as the raw material composition blended for the preparation of the Cu—Ga alloy powder.
- the oxidation was prevented during the preparation of the Cu—Ga alloy powder by comparing the oxygen content of the raw material Cu powder and the obtained Cu—Ga alloy powder.
- this Cu—Ga alloy powder was put into a graphite mold having an inner diameter of 60 mm, and the degree of vacuum was 5 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 Pa, the pressure was 25 MPa, the temperature was 700 ° C., and 1 hour using a hot press apparatus (manufactured by Daia Vacuum Co., Ltd.) A hot press was performed under the conditions described above to produce a sintered body having a diameter of 60 mm and a thickness of 3 mm. The density determined from the size and weight of the target body was 8.32 g / cm 3 . Moreover, as a result of cutting and sampling a part of the target body and observing the cross section with an SEM, no pores were observed and it was dense. Further, as a result of EPMA observation, it was found that there was no segregation of Ga concentration and variation was within ⁇ 5%, and a uniform Cu—Ga alloy structure.
- this target body was bonded to a Cu backing plate to prepare a Cu—Ga alloy target. Then, this target was attached to a sputtering apparatus (SH-450, ULVAC), and DC power of DC 100 W was applied to the target at an argon gas pressure of 0.7 Pa. It has been found that it can be sputtered.
- SH-450, ULVAC sputtering apparatus
- Example 13 In a glove box having an argon gas atmosphere, a 300 mL Pyrex (registered trademark) beaker set in a mantle heater and a stirring device equipped with a glass stirring blade were installed. 68 g of electrolytic Cu powder (average particle size 97 ⁇ m, oxygen: 0.04 wt%) and 32 g of Ga pieces were placed in a beaker and heated and mixed in an argon gas atmosphere at 250 ° C. for 1 hour while stirring. As a result, grayish white powder was obtained.
- Pyrex registered trademark
- this Cu—Ga alloy powder was heat-treated in an Ar gas atmosphere at 480 ° C. for 1 hour. As a result of EPMA observation of the cross section of the heat-treated powder, it was the same Cu—Ga alloy powder as in Example 12. Further, when the Ga concentration and oxygen content of the Cu—Ga alloy powder were analyzed, the Ga concentration was 31.9% by mass and the oxygen content was 0.04% by mass. That is, as in Example 12, the composition of the Cu—Ga alloy powder was the same as that of the raw material, and it was confirmed that oxidation was prevented during the preparation of the Cu—Ga alloy powder.
- a target body was produced in the same manner as in Example 12 using this Cu—Ga alloy powder.
- the density determined from the dimensions and weight of the target body was 8.41 g / cm 3 .
- no vacancies were observed, and the target body was dense.
- EPMA observation there was no segregation of Ga concentration and variation was within ⁇ 5%, and a uniform Cu—Ga alloy structure was obtained.
- Example 14 A 300 mL porcelain beaker set in a mantle heater and a stirring device equipped with glass stirring blades were installed in a glove box in an argon gas atmosphere.
- Atomized Cu powder (average particle size 38 ⁇ m, oxygen: 0.03 wt%) 68.0 g and Ga small piece 32.0 g were put into a beaker and heated and mixed in an argon gas atmosphere at 550 ° C. for 1 hour while stirring. . As a result, grayish white powder was obtained. This powder was not heat-treated.
- a target body was produced in the same manner as in Example 12 using this Cu—Ga alloy powder.
- the density determined from the dimensions and weight of the target body was 8.36 g / cm 3 .
- no vacancies were observed, and the target body was dense.
- EPMA observation there was no segregation of Ga concentration and variation was within ⁇ 5%, and a uniform Cu—Ga alloy structure was obtained.
- Example 15 Heat mixing was carried out in the same manner as in Example 14 except that 80.0 g of atomized Cu powder (average particle size 38 ⁇ m, oxygen: 0.03 wt%) and 20.0 g of Ga pieces were used. As a result, grayish white powder was obtained. This powder was not heat-treated.
- Example 12 As a result of EPMA observation of the cross section of this powder, it was the same Cu—Ga alloy powder as in Example 12. Further, when the Ga concentration and oxygen content of the Cu—Ga alloy powder were analyzed, the Ga concentration was 19.9 mass% and the oxygen content was 0.03 mass%. That is, as in Example 12, the composition of the Cu—Ga alloy powder was the same as that of the raw material, and it was confirmed that oxidation was prevented during the preparation of the Cu—Ga alloy powder.
- a target body was produced in the same manner as in Example 12 using this Cu—Ga alloy powder.
- the density determined from the dimensions and weight of the target body was 8.31 g / cm 3 .
- no vacancies were observed, and the target body was dense.
- EPMA observation there was no segregation of Ga concentration and variation was within ⁇ 5%, and a uniform Cu—Ga alloy structure was obtained.
- Example 16 Heat mixing was carried out in the same manner as in Example 14 except that 60.0 g of atomized Cu powder (average particle size 38 ⁇ m, oxygen: 0.03 wt%) and 40.0 g of Ga pieces were used. As a result, grayish white powder was obtained. This powder was not heat-treated.
- Example 12 As a result of EPMA observation of the cross section of this powder, it was the same Cu—Ga alloy powder as in Example 12. Further, when the Ga concentration and oxygen content of this Cu—Ga alloy powder were analyzed, the Ga concentration was 40.0 mass% and the oxygen content was 0.03% mass. That is, as in Example 12, the composition of the Cu—Ga alloy powder was the same as that of the raw material, and it was confirmed that oxidation was prevented during the preparation of the Cu—Ga alloy powder.
- a target body was produced in the same manner as in Example 12 except that the temperature of hot pressing was 400 ° C.
- the density determined from the dimensions and weight of the target body was 8.43 g / cm 3 .
- SEM observation of the cross section of the target body in the same manner as in Example 12 no vacancies were observed, and the target body was dense.
- EPMA observation there was no segregation of Ga concentration and variation was within ⁇ 5%, and a uniform Cu—Ga alloy structure was obtained.
- Example 17 Heat mixing was performed in the same manner as in Example 14 except that atomized Cu powder (oxygen: 0.01 wt% or less) having an average particle diameter of 178 ⁇ m was used. As a result, grayish white powder was obtained. This powder was not heat-treated.
- Example 12 As a result of observing the cross section of this powder with EPMA, it was the same Cu—Ga alloy powder as in Example 12. Further, when the Ga concentration and oxygen content of the Cu—Ga alloy powder were analyzed, the Ga concentration was 32.0 mass% and the oxygen content was 0.01 mass% or less. That is, as in Example 12, the composition of the Cu—Ga alloy powder was the same as that of the raw material, and it was confirmed that oxidation was prevented during the preparation of the Cu—Ga alloy powder.
- a target body was produced in the same manner as in Example 12 using this Cu—Ga alloy powder.
- the density obtained from the size and weight of the target body was 8.29 g / cm 3 .
- no vacancies were observed, and the target body was dense.
- EPMA observation there was no segregation of Ga concentration and variation was within ⁇ 5%, and a uniform Cu—Ga alloy structure was obtained.
- Example 18 A 300 mL porcelain beaker set in a mantle heater and a stirring device equipped with glass stirring blades were installed in a glove box in an argon gas atmosphere. 68.0 g of electrolytic Cu powder (average particle size 300 ⁇ m, oxygen: 0.04 wt%) and 32.0 g of Ga pieces were placed in a beaker and heated and mixed in an argon gas atmosphere at 700 ° C. for 2 hours while stirring. . As a result, a gray powder was obtained. This powder was not heat-treated. As a result of observing the EPMA cross section of this powder, it was the same Cu—Ga alloy powder as in Example 12. Further, when the Ga concentration and oxygen content of the Cu—Ga alloy powder were analyzed, the Ga concentration was 32.0 mass% and the oxygen content was 0.05% or less.
- this Cu—Ga alloy powder was put into a graphite mold having an inner diameter of 60 mm, and the degree of vacuum was 5 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 Pa, the pressure was 25 MPa, the temperature was 700 ° C., and the temperature was 2 hours.
- a hot press was performed under the conditions described above to produce a sintered body having a diameter of 60 mm and a thickness of 3 mm.
- the density determined from the size and weight of the target body was 8.30 g / cm 3 . Moreover, as a result of observing a cross section of a part of the target body, voids were not recognized and the structure was dense and uniform. Further, as a result of SEM observation of the cross section of the target body in the same manner as in Example 12, no vacancies were observed, and the target body was dense. Further, as a result of EPMA observation, there was no segregation of Ga concentration and variation was within ⁇ 5%, and a uniform Cu—Ga alloy structure was obtained.
- Example 19 In a glove box in an argon gas atmosphere, 68.0 g of electrolytic Cu powder (average particle size 97 ⁇ m, oxygen: 0.013 wt%) in a Teflon (registered trademark) resin-made cylindrical container for a ball mill, Ga small piece 32.0 g and 40 balls made of zirconia having a diameter of 10 mm were charged, sealed with a Teflon (registered trademark) container lid, and filled with argon gas. A ball mill frame was placed in an oven heated to 30 ° C., a cylindrical container was set, and heating and mixing were performed in an argon gas atmosphere at a rotation speed of 30 rpm for 1 hour. After the cylindrical container was taken out and cooled to room temperature, the contents were taken out by opening the container lid. As a result, gray powder was obtained.
- This powder was heat-treated in an Ar gas atmosphere at 480 ° C. for 1 hour.
- the central part of the powder is Cu—Ga alloy phase in which Cu or Ga is dissolved
- the outer peripheral part is Cu—Ga alloy phase composed of a Cu—Ga alloy phase having a Ga concentration of 30 to 70 mass%.
- the cross section of the heat-treated powder it was the same Cu—Ga alloy powder as in Example 12. Further, when the Ga concentration and oxygen content of the Cu—Ga alloy powder were analyzed, the Ga concentration was 32.1 mass% and the oxygen content was 0.02 mass%. That is, as in Example 12, the composition of the Cu—Ga alloy powder was the same as that of the raw material, and it was confirmed that oxidation was prevented during the preparation of the Cu—Ga alloy powder.
- a target body was produced in the same manner as in Example 12 using this Cu—Ga alloy powder.
- the density determined from the dimensions and weight of the target body was 8.41 g / cm 3 .
- no vacancies were observed, and the target body was dense.
- EPMA observation there was no segregation of Ga concentration and variation was within ⁇ 5%, and a uniform Cu—Ga alloy structure was obtained.
- Example 20 As a result of heating and mixing in the same manner as in Example 12 except that atomized Cu powder (average particle size 1 ⁇ m, oxygen: 0.18 wt%) was used, gray powder was obtained. This powder was heat-treated in the same manner as in Example 12 and observed by EPMA. As a result, it was the same Cu—Ga alloy powder as in Example 12. Further, when the Ga concentration and oxygen content of this Cu—Ga alloy powder were analyzed, the Ga concentration was 32.2 mass% and the oxygen content was 0.19%.
- a target body was prepared using this Cu—Ga alloy powder in the same manner as in Example 12, and the density obtained from the dimensions and weight was 8.34 g / cm 3 . Further, as a result of SEM observation of the cross section of the target body in the same manner as in Example 12, no vacancies were observed, and the target body was dense. Further, as a result of EPMA observation, there was no segregation of Ga concentration and variation was within ⁇ 5%, and a uniform Cu—Ga alloy structure was obtained.
- Tables 2 and 3 show the evaluation results of Examples 12 to 20.
- Cu—Ga alloy powder can be obtained by stirring while heating Cu powder and Ga, respectively, and a Cu—Ga alloy sputtering target having a uniform composition can be easily obtained by sintering using this. It turns out that it is obtained. Therefore, according to the present invention, Cu-Ga alloy powder is obtained at low cost because it does not require a step of once melting and casting Cu and Ga at a high temperature as in the prior art and then pulverizing the Cu-Ga alloy ingot. be able to.
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Abstract
Description
本出願は、日本国において2010年4月9日に出願された日本特許出願番号特願2010-090475、及び、日本国において2010年8月24日に出願された日本特許出願番号特願2010-187160を基礎として優先権を主張するものであり、これらの出願を参照することにより、本出願に援用される。
(原料)
Cu-Ga合金粉末の原料として、Cu粉末及びGaが用いられる。Cu粉末及びGaの純度は、Cu-Ga合金スパッタリングターゲットから形成されるCIGS光吸収層の特性に影響を与えないように適宜選択される。
Cu粉末とGaとは、質量比で85:15~55:45の割合で配合する。Gaは、融点が低い金属(融点:29.78℃)であるため、加熱することにより容易に融解し、融解したGaがCu粉末を被覆する。Ga量が15質量%以上であることにより、Gaによる均一被覆が可能となると共に、得られた粉末を焼結した際に均一な合金組織にすることが可能となる。また、Ga量が45質量%以下であることにより、Cu粉末の間に存在する多量のGaによって粉末同士が結合して塊状になるのを防ぎ、合金粉末の収率を向上させることができる。
上述した質量比でCu粉末とGaとが配合された混合粉末を、不活性雰囲気中で30~700℃の温度で攪拌して合金化し、Cu-Ga合金粉を作製する。具体的には、上述した質量比で秤量したCu粉末とGa小片を、Gaの融点よりも高くCuの融点よりも低い温度、すなわち、30~700℃の範囲で温度を制御し、Cu粉末の表面又は内部にCu-Ga二元系合金を形成する。
図1は、上述した製法によって得られるCu-Ga合金粉末を模式的に示す断面図である。このCu-Ga合金粉末は、Gaを15~45質量%含み、残部がCuと不可避不純物からなる。
次に、上述したCu-Ga合金粉末を用いたCu-Ga合金スパッタリングターゲットの製造方法について説明する。
実施例
アルゴンガス雰囲気にしたグローブボックス内に、マントルヒーターにセットした容量300mLの磁器製ビーカーと、この磁器製ビーカーにガラス製攪拌羽根を取り付けた攪拌装置とを設置した。
原料のCu粉末を、アトマイズCu粉末(平均粒径37μm、酸素:0.03wt%)としたこと、及び加熱温度を400℃、加熱時間を2時間としたこと以外は実施例1と同様にして、Cu-Ga合金粉末を作製した。得られたCu-Ga合金粉末は、灰白色の粉であった。
実施例3~9、比較例1~3では、原料のCu粉末とGaの混合割合を表1に示すものにした以外は、実施例1と同様にしてCu-Ga合金粉末を得た。また、実施例10では、Cu粉末を電解粉(平均粒径37μm)とした以外は、実施例1と同様にしてCu-Ga合金粉末を得た。また、実施例11では、平均粒径45μmのアトマイズCu粉末を用いた以外は、実施例1と同様にしてCu-Ga合金粉末を得た。また、実施例8の焼結温度を500℃、実施例9及び比較例3の焼結温度を400℃とした以外は、実施例1と同様にしてCu-Ga合金スパッタリングターゲットを作製した。
アルゴンガス雰囲気にしたグローブボックス内で、テフロン(登録商標)樹脂製の300mLボールミル用円筒容器内に、アトマイズCu粉末(平均粒径5μm、酸素:0.12wt%)を68.0g、Ga小片を32.0g、及び直径10mmのジルコニア製ボール40個を投入し、テフロン(登録商標)容器蓋で密閉してアルゴンガスを封入した。70℃に加熱したオーブン内にボールミル架台を設置し、円筒容器をセットして回転数30rpm、1時間のアルゴンガス雰囲気中の加熱混合を行った。円筒容器を取り出して室温まで冷却した後に、容器蓋を開けて内容物を取り出したところ、灰白色の粉が得られた。
アルゴンガス雰囲気にしたグローブボックス内に、マントルヒーターにセットした300mLのパイレックス(登録商標)ビーカーと、ガラス製攪拌羽根を取り付けた攪拌装置とを設置した。電解Cu粉末(平均粒径97μm、酸素:0.04wt%)68g、Ga小片32gをビーカーに投入して攪拌しながら250℃、1時間のアルゴンガス雰囲気中の加熱混合を実施した。その結果、灰白色の粉が得られた。
アルゴンガス雰囲気にしたグローブボックス内に、マントルヒーターにセットした300mLの磁器製ビーカーと、ガラス製攪拌羽根を取り付けた攪拌装置とを設置した。アトマイズCu粉末(平均粒径38μm、酸素:0.03wt%)68.0g、Ga小片32.0gをビーカーに投入して攪拌しながら550℃、1時間のアルゴンガス雰囲気中の加熱混合を実施した。その結果、灰白色の粉が得られた。この粉の熱処理は行わなかった。
アトマイズCu粉末(平均粒径38μm、酸素:0.03wt%)80.0g、Ga小片20.0gとした以外は実施例14と同様にして加熱混合を実施した。その結果、灰白色の粉が得られた。この粉の熱処理は行わなかった。
アトマイズCu粉末(平均粒径38μm、酸素:0.03wt%)60.0g、Ga小片40.0gとした以外は実施例14と同様にして加熱混合を実施した。その結果、灰白色の粉が得られた。この粉の熱処理は行わなかった。
平均粒径178μmのアトマイズCu粉末(酸素:0.01wt%以下)を用いた以外は、実施例14と同様にして加熱混合を実施した。その結果、灰白色の粉が得られた。この粉の熱処理は行わなかった。
アルゴンガス雰囲気にしたグローブボックス内に、マントルヒーターにセットした300mLの磁器製ビーカーと、ガラス製攪拌羽根を取り付けた攪拌装置とを設置した。電解Cu粉末(平均粒径300μm、酸素:0.04wt%)68.0g、Ga小片32.0gをビーカーに投入して攪拌しながら700℃、2時間のアルゴンガス雰囲気中の加熱混合を実施した。その結果、灰色の粉が得られた。この粉の熱処理は行わなかった。この粉のEPMA断面観察した結果、実施例12と同様のCu-Ga合金粉であった。また、このCu-Ga合金粉末のGa濃度及び酸素含有量を分析したところ、Ga濃度が32.0質量%、酸素含有量が0.05%以下であった。
アルゴンガス雰囲気にしたグローブボックス内で、テフロン(登録商標)樹脂製の300mLボールミル用円筒容器内に、電解Cu粉末(平均粒径97μm、酸素:0.013wt%)を68.0g、Ga小片を32.0g、及び直径10mmのジルコニア製ボール40個を投入し、テフロン(登録商標)容器蓋で密閉してアルゴンガスを封入した。30℃に加熱したオーブン内にボールミル架台を設置し、円筒容器をセットして回転数30rpm、1時間のアルゴンガス雰囲気中の加熱混合を行った。円筒容器を取り出して室温まで冷却した後に、容器蓋を開けて内容物を取り出したところ、灰色の粉が得られた。
アトマイズCu粉末(平均粒径1μm、酸素:0.18wt%)を用いた以外は実施例12と同様にして加熱混合を行った結果、灰色の粉が得られた。この粉を実施例12と同様に熱処理してEPMA観察した結果、実施例12と同様のCu-Ga合金粉であった。また、このCu-Ga合金粉末のGa濃度及び酸素含有量を分析したところ、Ga濃度が32.2質量%、酸素含有量が0.19%であった。
Claims (9)
- Cu粉末とGaとが質量比で85:15~55:45の割合で配合された混合粉末を、不活性雰囲気中で30~700℃の温度で攪拌して合金化することを特徴とするCu-Ga合金粉末の製造方法。
- 前記混合粉末を、不活性雰囲気中で30℃以上400℃未満の温度で攪拌し、
前記Cu粉末の表面にCu-Ga二元系合金層を形成することを特徴とする請求項1記載のCu-Ga合金粉末の製造方法。 - 前記混合粉末を、不活性雰囲気中で400℃以上700℃以下の温度で攪拌し、
前記Cu粉末の内部にCu-Ga二元系合金を形成することを特徴とする請求項1記載のCu-Ga合金粉末の製造方法。 - 前記混合粉末を、不活性雰囲気中で30℃以上400℃未満の温度で攪拌して合金化し、該合金化粉末を、不活性雰囲気中で400℃以上700℃以下の温度で熱処理することを特徴とする請求項1記載のCu-Ga合金粉末の製造方法。
- 前記Cu粉末の平均粒径が1~300μmであることを特徴とする請求項1乃至4のいずれかに記載のCu-Ga合金粉末の製造方法。
- 請求項1~5のいずれかに記載の製造方法により製造されることを特徴とするCu-Ga合金粉末。
- Cu粉末とGaとが質量比で85:15~55:45の割合で配合された混合粉末を、不活性雰囲気中で30~700℃の温度で攪拌して合金化し、Cu-Ga合金粉末を作製する作製工程と、
前記Cu-Ga合金粉末を成型し、焼結する焼結工程と
を有することを特徴とするCu-Ga合金スパッタリングターゲットの製造方法。 - 前記焼結工程では、ホットプレス法を用いることを特徴とする請求項7記載のCu-Ga合金スパッタリングターゲットの製造方法。
- 請求項7又は8のいずれかに記載の製造方法により製造されることを特徴とするCu-Ga合金スパッタリングターゲット。
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TWI471442B (zh) | 2015-02-01 |
JP2011231399A (ja) | 2011-11-17 |
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JP5740988B2 (ja) | 2015-07-01 |
CN102844134A (zh) | 2012-12-26 |
KR20130034022A (ko) | 2013-04-04 |
CN102844134B (zh) | 2016-06-01 |
KR101509299B1 (ko) | 2015-04-07 |
US9435023B2 (en) | 2016-09-06 |
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