WO2011118484A1 - 二次電池システム - Google Patents
二次電池システム Download PDFInfo
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- WO2011118484A1 WO2011118484A1 PCT/JP2011/056330 JP2011056330W WO2011118484A1 WO 2011118484 A1 WO2011118484 A1 WO 2011118484A1 JP 2011056330 W JP2011056330 W JP 2011056330W WO 2011118484 A1 WO2011118484 A1 WO 2011118484A1
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- Prior art keywords
- voltage
- charging
- secondary battery
- battery
- control
- Prior art date
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
- H01M10/441—Methods for charging or discharging for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
- H01M10/482—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
- H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
- H02J7/0016—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries using shunting, discharge or bypass circuits
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a secondary battery system for charging a secondary battery, and in particular, at least an assembled battery configured by connecting a plurality of single cells, each of which is a secondary battery, and voltage variation between the single cells.
- the present invention relates to a secondary battery system including a voltage equalizing device that equalizes, a charging device that charges the assembled battery, and a charging control device that controls charging of the assembled battery.
- a so-called constant current-constant voltage charging method is well known as a charging method for a secondary battery such as a lithium ion battery.
- a secondary battery such as a lithium ion battery.
- a discharge circuit is provided in parallel with each single cell, and a relative voltage is provided.
- a voltage equalizing device for equalizing the battery voltage of each unit cell is provided by discharging the unit cell having a high value.
- iron-based lithium ion battery using a lithium compound containing an iron component (for example, lithium iron phosphate) as a positive electrode active material.
- FIG. 6 shows open-circuit voltage-charge state characteristics of an iron-based lithium ion battery and a cobalt-based lithium ion battery as an example of a non-ferrous lithium ion battery.
- the open-circuit voltage-charge state characteristics of non-ferrous lithium-ion batteries have a relatively gradual rise characteristic from the beginning of charge until the end of charge, but the open-circuit voltage-charge state characteristics of ferrous lithium-ion batteries are Unlike this, the battery voltage hardly changes until the end of charging after the initial charging period, and has a characteristic of rapidly rising near full charge.
- any single battery is controlled by detecting the magnitude of the voltage difference between the single cells and starting the equalization operation of the voltage equalizing device when the voltage difference increases. As a result, the voltage difference between the cells can be reduced.
- the voltage equalizing device has a rapid equalization operation in the region where the battery voltage suddenly rises near full charge.
- An inconvenient situation occurs in which the voltage rises up to the overvoltage region without catching up with the voltage rise and without improving the voltage variation between the single cells. In order to improve such a situation, it is conceivable to increase the discharge current of the unit cell by the voltage equalizing device.
- the battery voltage decreases due to discharge from the assembled battery to the load. If the battery voltage falls into an area where the battery voltage hardly changes with respect to the change in the state of charge, the voltage equalization device does not function effectively, and the state of charge between the single cells varies. Will not be corrected.
- the present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to make it possible to accurately equalize the voltages of the individual cells without increasing the capability of the voltage equalizing device so much. .
- a first characteristic configuration of a secondary battery system is a secondary battery system for charging a secondary battery, and at least a plurality of single cells each of which is a secondary battery
- a charge control device that controls the charging current from the charging device to the assembled battery to be zero when the battery voltage of any one of the battery cells reaches a predetermined voltage rise suppression setting voltage; , Is in the point provided.
- a second characteristic configuration of the secondary battery system according to the present invention is a secondary battery system for charging a secondary battery, and is configured by connecting a plurality of unit cells, each of which is a secondary battery.
- the voltage equalization unit reduces the voltage variation between the unit cells by charging the charging current from the charging unit to the assembled battery.
- a charge control device that controls the current value to be obtained.
- the voltage equalization device operates even if the voltage variation between cells is large, and the voltage variation between each cell Will get smaller.
- variation between each cell in a voltage equalization apparatus can be determined according to the capability of a voltage equalization apparatus.
- the secondary battery is preferably an iron-based lithium ion battery using a lithium compound containing an iron component as a positive electrode active material
- the set voltage for suppressing the voltage rise is It is preferably set to a voltage value in a voltage region in which the battery voltage rapidly increases as the charging of the unit cell proceeds in the vicinity of charging, and a voltage value in a voltage region higher than 3.4V and lower than 4V. More preferably, it is set to.
- the voltage equalization apparatus includes a discharge circuit that discharges each unit cell individually, and a control unit that performs voltage equalization control that controls the discharge circuit to reduce voltage variation between the unit cells.
- the voltage equalizing device is further configured to perform an operation of equalizing voltage variations between the cells in parallel during the control operation by the charge control device.
- the charging device is provided as a device that contributes to the current flowing through the entire assembled battery. That is, basically, in a system composed only of an assembled battery and a charging device that charges the assembled battery, a charging current supplied from the charging device to the assembled battery is controlled to zero or a sufficiently small current value, so that a plurality of Even when the voltage of any one of the single cells rises and reaches a region where the voltage near the full charge suddenly rises, a state in which the voltage equalizing device functions effectively can be created.
- the assembled battery, the charging device, and a current supplied from at least one of the assembled battery and the charging device are connected in parallel to detect a current flowing through the entire assembled battery.
- a detection device is provided, and the charging control device is configured to control an output of the charging device based on detection information of the current detection device.
- the charging device in addition to an assembled battery and a charging device for charging the assembled battery, when a secondary battery system is configured by connecting a load in parallel with the assembled battery, the charging device appropriately powers the assembled battery and the load.
- the assembled battery is appropriately charged from the charging device and supplies power to the load.
- the current flowing through the assembled battery varies depending on the output of the charging device. In other words, the current flowing through the entire assembled battery can be controlled by the output of the charging device.
- the charge control device is a current detection device that detects the current flowing through the entire assembled battery when the battery voltage of any single battery reaches the set voltage for suppressing the voltage increase. Based on the detection information, the output of the charging device is controlled so that the current flowing through the entire assembled battery is zero or the current value at which the voltage variation between the individual cells can be reduced by the voltage equalizing device.
- a third characteristic configuration of the secondary battery system is a secondary battery system for charging the secondary battery, and is configured by connecting a plurality of unit cells, each of which is a secondary battery.
- An assembled battery a voltage equalizing device for equalizing voltage variations between the single cells, a charging device for charging the assembled battery, and any one of the plurality of single cells incorporated in the charging device.
- the output to the assembled battery of the charging device is controlled, and the unit cell having reached the voltage rise prevention set voltage is controlled.
- a charge control device for controlling the battery voltage so as to be maintained at the set voltage for preventing the voltage increase.
- the “voltage rise preventing Control is performed so that the battery voltage of the unit cell that has reached the “set voltage” is maintained at the “set voltage for preventing voltage rise”.
- constant voltage charging CV charging
- the control element for such control is the output from the charging device to the assembled battery. For example, if the battery voltage of the cell to be controlled rises above the “set voltage for preventing voltage rise”, the charging device The feedback control is such that the voltage applied to the entire battery pack decreases.
- the secondary battery is preferably an iron-based lithium ion battery using a lithium compound containing an iron component as a positive electrode active material.
- the set voltage for suppressing voltage rise is preferably set to a voltage value in a voltage region in which the battery voltage rapidly increases as the charging of the unit cell proceeds in the vicinity of full charge, More preferably, the set voltage for suppressing voltage rise is set to a voltage value in a voltage region higher than 3.4V and lower than 4V.
- the voltage equalization apparatus includes a discharge circuit that discharges each single cell individually, and a control unit that performs voltage equalization control that controls the discharge circuit to reduce voltage variation between the single cells. It is preferable that the voltage equalizing device is configured to perform an operation for equalizing voltage variations between the single cells in parallel even during the control operation by the charging control device.
- the voltage equalization apparatus performs the equalization operation in parallel while the battery voltage of the single battery having a large voltage increase is maintained at the “set voltage for preventing voltage increase”.
- the above “set voltage for preventing voltage rise” is set at a voltage value in a voltage region where the battery voltage suddenly rises with the progress of charging of the single cell in the vicinity of full charge. The difference in the state of charge is likely to appear as the difference in the battery voltage, and the voltage equalization apparatus is in a state where it can detect the voltage variation between the single cells and perform an accurate equalization operation.
- the assembled battery, the charging device, and a current supplied from at least one of the assembled battery and the charging device are connected in parallel to detect a current flowing through the entire assembled battery.
- a detection device is provided, and the charging control device is configured to control an output of the charging device based on detection information of the current detection device.
- the battery voltage of any single cell is near the full charge. Even in the region where the voltage suddenly rises, the current flowing through the entire assembled battery is controlled to zero or a sufficiently small current value, so that the equalization operation works effectively and the voltage variation between the individual cells is small. Go. Therefore, the voltage of each unit cell can be accurately equalized without increasing the capability of the voltage equalizing device so much.
- the current flowing through the entire assembled battery is a system that is determined solely by the charging device.
- the charging current to be supplied is reduced to zero or a sufficiently small current value, the assembled battery can be accurately equalized.
- a load is connected in parallel in addition to the assembled battery and the charging device, by controlling the output from the charging device to the assembled battery, it is possible to perform an accurate equalization operation of the assembled battery and also to the load. Also, necessary power can be supplied from the charging device.
- the ability of the voltage equalization apparatus is achieved by performing the control of suppressing the battery voltage for the single cells having a large voltage increase and the operation for equalizing the voltage variation between the single cells in parallel. Even if it is not so high, the variation in the state of charge between the single cells constituting the assembled battery is accurately reduced. Therefore, the voltage of each unit cell can be accurately equalized without increasing the capability of the voltage equalizing device so much.
- FIG. 1 is an overall block configuration diagram according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram of a control mode according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a flowchart according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a flowchart according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is an overall block configuration diagram according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing battery voltage-charging characteristics of the secondary battery.
- FIG. 7 is an overall block configuration diagram according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram of a control mode according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 9 is a flowchart according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- the secondary battery system BS includes the assembled battery 1 and the charging device 3 as main components, and includes only the charging device 3 as a device that contributes to the current flowing through the entire assembled battery 1. .
- the assembled battery 1 is configured by connecting a plurality of unit cells 1a in series. In the first embodiment, a case where four unit cells 1a are connected in series will be described as an example.
- Each unit cell 1a is a lithium ion battery using a lithium compound containing an iron component (for example, lithium iron phosphate) as a positive electrode active material, and is a so-called secondary battery.
- the assembled battery 1 is housed in a battery pack BP together with a battery monitoring device 2 that monitors each unit cell 1a.
- the battery monitoring device 2 includes a voltage measuring unit 2a including an A / D converter that measures the voltage (cell voltage) of each unit cell 1a, a control unit 2b that controls the operation of the battery monitoring unit 2, and each unit.
- a program for monitoring the battery 1a, a memory 2c for storing and holding various data, and the like, and a plurality of discharge circuits 2d connected in parallel to each unit cell 1a are provided.
- the discharge circuit 2d is configured by connecting a resistor 11 and a switch device 12 including a MOSFET in series, and the switch device 12 is turned on and off by a control signal from the control unit 2b.
- the control unit 2b turns on and off the switch device 12 based on the measured value of the battery voltage of each unit cell 1a, and discharges the unit cell 1a having a high battery voltage by the discharge circuit 2d.
- the voltage variation equalizing operation is performed to reduce the voltage variation between the batteries 1a. Therefore, the control unit 2b and the discharge circuit 2d constitute a voltage equalizing device BL that equalizes voltage variations between the single cells 1a.
- the charging device 3 is configured to convert an AC voltage of a commercial AC power source or the like into a predetermined DC voltage, and to apply the DC voltage to the assembled battery 1 for charging.
- the charging control unit 3a controls the charging operation. To do. That is, the charging control unit 3a functions as a charging control device CC that controls charging of the assembled battery 1.
- the charging control unit 3a detects the battery voltage detection signal (detection signal from the voltage measurement unit 2a) of each unit cell 1a sent via the control unit 2b of the battery monitoring device 2. Based on the above, control is performed to determine whether to continue or stop charging the assembled battery 1.
- FIG. 2 which shows the time change of the battery voltage of the unit cell 1a and various control signals which share the time axis with it
- FIG. 3 which shows the processing which the control part 2b of the battery monitoring apparatus 2 performs.
- the operation of the secondary battery system BS during charging will be described based on the flowchart and the flowchart of FIG. 4 executed by the charging control unit 3a of the charging device 3.
- FIG. 3 shows “balancer control” executed by the control unit 2b.
- the control part 2b is the result of measuring the battery voltage of each unit cell 1a measured by the voltage measurement unit 2a, the battery voltage of the maximum unit cell 1a is 3.4 V or more, and the unit cell 1a of the maximum voltage and the remaining voltage
- the switch device 12 of the discharge circuit 2d connected in parallel to the unit cell 1a having the maximum voltage is turned on (ON) As a state), the battery voltage of the unit cell 1a is lowered by the discharge to the discharge circuit 2d, and the voltage variation between the unit cells 1a is reduced.
- the “balancer control” in FIG. 3 is repeatedly executed at high speed by the control unit 2b.
- the one having the maximum battery voltage is specified, and whether or not the cell voltage of the unit cell 1a having the maximum voltage is 3.4V or more.
- the battery voltage of the maximum voltage cell 1a is 3.4 V or more
- a voltage difference between the battery voltage of the maximum cell 1a and the battery voltage of the remaining cell 1a is obtained, and the voltage difference It is confirmed whether or not there is a voltage that is equal to or higher than the setting voltage for starting the balance operation (STEP # 2).
- the setting voltage for starting the balance operation is set to “50 mV” in the present embodiment.
- FIG. 2 shows a time change A of the battery voltage of the first unit cell 1a and a time change B of the battery voltage of the second unit cell 1a.
- the middle part of FIG. It is shown that the control unit 2b outputs a control signal in response to the difference exceeding the setting voltage for starting the balance operation.
- the battery voltage of the first unit cell 1a is higher than that of the second unit cell 1a, and the voltage difference between them increases gradually.
- the balancer operation signal changes from “L” level to “H” level, and the maximum voltage of the unit cell 1a is reached.
- the switch device 12 of the corresponding discharge circuit 2d is switched to the on state.
- the first unit cell 1a (unit cell 1a with time variation A) in the upper part of FIG. 2 is fully loaded under the condition that the battery voltage of the second unit cell 1a (unit cell 1a with time variation B) hardly changes.
- the battery voltage in the vicinity of charging has entered a region where the voltage suddenly rises, and even if the discharge to the discharge circuit 2d is started, the battery voltage is not sufficiently suppressed from rising.
- the switch device 12 of the discharge circuit 2d is temporarily turned off at the timing indicated by “a2” with a gradual voltage increase of the second unit cell 1a, but the voltage change of the first unit cell 1a. Accordingly, turning on and off is repeated, and an increase in the battery voltage of the first cell 1a is suppressed (timing of “a3” and “a4”).
- FIG. 4 shows “balancer support control” executed by the charging control unit 3a.
- the charge control unit 3a when the battery voltage measurement result of each unit cell 1a measured by the voltage measurement unit 2a, when the battery voltage of any unit cell 1a reaches a predetermined "set voltage for suppressing voltage rise" Then, the charging of the assembled battery 1 by the charging device 3 is stopped, and the charging is restarted when the battery voltage of the unit cell 1a is reduced to some extent. By performing such control, the voltage equalization operation by the voltage equalization device BL is effectively activated.
- the above “set voltage for suppressing voltage rise” is set to a voltage value in a voltage region in which the battery voltage rapidly increases as the charging of the unit cell 1a progresses near the full charge of the unit cell 1a. .
- the battery voltage starts to rise from around 3.4V and rapidly rises from around 3.45V to 4V, which is the overcharge voltage. Therefore, the above “set voltage for suppressing voltage rise” is set within a voltage range exceeding 3.4V and reaching 4V.
- the state of charge (SOC) 100% is set to be about 3.45 V at the voltage of the unit cell 1a
- the above “set voltage for suppressing voltage rise” is set to the state of charge.
- SOC state of charge It is set to “3.5 V” (indicated by a broken line C in FIG. 6), which is a voltage slightly higher than 100%.
- the value of the “set voltage for suppressing voltage rise” is not limited to the above-described value, and the battery voltage rapidly increases as the voltage (3.45 V) of the state of charge (SOC) 100%.
- the control described later can also be performed at a state of charge (SOC) of 100% or less immediately before the start.
- “3.4 V” of STEP # 1 which is one of the conditions for starting the voltage equalization operation in “balancer control” in FIG. 3, is also set to the set state of “set voltage for suppressing voltage rise”. You may change suitably according to it.
- the “balancer support control” of FIG. 4 is repeatedly executed at high speed by the charging control unit 3a, and is completely independent from the control unit 2b of the battery monitoring device 2 executing the process of FIG. And running. Therefore, the above-described voltage equalization operation between the cells 1a by the voltage equalization device BL is performed in parallel during the control operation by the charge control unit 3a.
- the battery voltage measurement result of each unit cell 1 a measured by the voltage measurement unit 2 a is received from the battery monitoring device 2, and the battery voltage of the unit cell 1 a having the maximum voltage is obtained.
- the charging current from the charging device 3 to the assembled battery 1 becomes zero (0 (A)), and the current flowing through the entire assembled battery 1 also becomes zero (0 (A)).
- all of the current flowing through the discharge circuit 2d connected in parallel to the unit cell 1a becomes the discharge current of the unit cell 1a, and the battery voltage of the unit cell 1a is surely lowered.
- the above control will be specifically described with reference to FIG.
- the lower part of FIG. 2 is a signal for instructing the charge control unit 3a to stop charging and restart the charge, and the state of “H” level in the lower part of FIG.
- the “L” level permits charging of the assembled battery 1.
- the signal state changes to the signal state instructing to stop charging at the timing “b1”. To do.
- the first cell 1a is in a voltage equalizing operation under the control of the control unit 2b of the battery monitoring device 2, and the charging current from the charging device 3 is stopped, so that the discharging to the discharging circuit 2d is performed. Battery voltage drops rapidly.
- the battery voltage of the first unit cell 1a decreases to “3,45V” or less
- charging to the assembled battery 1 is resumed at the timing “b2”
- the cell voltage of the unit cell 1a increases again. Go.
- the charging is stopped and the charging is restarted at the timings “b3” to “b9”.
- the first unit cell 1a shows a voltage change as shown in FIG. 2
- the second unit cell 1a gradually increases in voltage during the period when the charging current is supplied from the charging device 3, and the unit cell The voltage variation between 1a is reduced.
- a load 4 is further added to the secondary battery system BS shown in the first embodiment, and the assembled battery 1, the charging device 3, and the load 4 are connected in parallel.
- the load 4 is supplied with operating power from one or both of the assembled battery 1 and the charging device 3.
- the configurations of the assembled battery 1 and the charging device 3 are the same as those in the first embodiment except for the control configuration and the components related thereto, which will be described later. Yes.
- the assembled battery when the battery voltage of any single cell 1a reaches “3.5V” which is the “set voltage for suppressing voltage rise”, the assembled battery This is the same as the first embodiment in that the current flowing through the whole 1 is controlled to be zero (0 (A)).
- the output to the assembled battery 1 cannot be stopped as in the first embodiment because power needs to be supplied to the load 4.
- the current sensor 21 which is the current detection device CS that detects the current flowing through the entire assembled battery 1 is provided, and the charging control unit 3a detects the detection signal corresponding to the detection signal of the current sensor 21 of “0 (A)”.
- the output to the assembled battery 1 (specifically, the applied voltage to the assembled battery 1) is controlled.
- the charging device 3 is in a control state in which the charging current is supplied so that the current flowing through the internal resistance of the assembled battery 1 is canceled by the discharge of the assembled battery 1 itself.
- the current flowing through the entire assembled battery 1 is substantially “0 (A)”.
- This control state can be maintained as long as the current supply capability of the charging device 3 is greater than the load current.
- the equalization operation of the voltage equalization apparatus BL can be effectively functioned in the second embodiment as well by the same control as the control of FIG. 4 in the first embodiment. More specifically, in STEP # 13 of the process of FIG. 4, the output to the assembled battery 1 (specifically, the detection signal of the current sensor 21 becomes a detection signal corresponding to “0 (A)”). , The voltage applied to the assembled battery 1) is controlled, and such control is stopped in STEP # 16 of FIG. 4, and substantial charging of the assembled battery 1 is resumed.
- FIG. 3 which is the control as the voltage equalizing device BL and the configuration of the voltage equalizing device BL are completely the same as those in the first embodiment, and the output of the control signal as shown in FIG.
- the resulting time variation of the battery voltage is also the same as in the first embodiment.
- the current that can be released to the discharge circuit 2d is about 90 mA, and the current that flows through the entire assembled battery 1 is less than the current value that can be released to the discharge circuit 2d. If it is smaller, the voltage equalizing device BL can be made to function, although the voltage equalizing capability is high or low.
- the current value of the control target can be lowered in accordance with the required capacity for the voltage equalization operation within a current value range smaller than the current value that can be released to the discharge circuit 2d.
- the difference in battery voltage between the maximum voltage unit cell 1a and the remaining unit cell 1a is "50 mV" or more.
- the case is illustrated, it may be a case where the difference in battery voltage between the single cell 1a having the maximum voltage and the single cell 1a having the minimum voltage becomes “50 mV” or more, and the voltage equalization operation is started.
- the setting voltage for starting the balance operation can be changed as appropriate.
- the assembled battery 1 is described by exemplifying the case where four unit cells 1a are connected in series. However, the number and connection form of the unit cells 1a constituting the assembled battery 1 are described. Can be variously changed.
- the secondary battery system BS of the present embodiment mainly includes an assembled battery 1 and a charging device 3, and a load 4 is applied to the assembled battery 1 and the charging device 3. Connected in parallel. That is, the assembled battery 1, the charging device 3, and the load 4 are connected in parallel.
- the charging device 3 supplies charging power to the assembled battery 1 and also supplies operating power to the load 4.
- the assembled battery 1 is supplied with electric power for charging from the charging device 3 when the state of charge is reduced by discharging, and appropriately supplies electric power for operation to the load 4.
- the assembled battery 1 is configured by connecting a plurality of unit cells 1a in series.
- Each unit cell 1a is a lithium ion battery using a lithium compound containing an iron component (for example, lithium iron phosphate) as a positive electrode active material, and is a so-called secondary battery.
- the assembled battery 1 is housed in a battery pack BP together with a battery monitoring device 2 that monitors each unit cell 1a.
- the battery monitoring device 2 includes an A / D converter and the like, a voltage measuring unit 2a that measures the voltage (cell voltage) of each unit cell 1a, a battery monitoring control unit 2b that controls the operation of the battery monitoring device 2, A program for monitoring each unit cell 1a, a memory 2c for storing and holding various data, and the like are provided, and a discharge circuit 2d is further provided in parallel with each unit cell 1a.
- the discharge circuit 2d is configured by connecting a resistor 11 and a switch device 12 including a MOSFET in series, and the switch device 12 is turned on and off by a control signal from the battery monitoring control unit 2b. .
- the battery monitoring control unit 2b turns on and off the switch device 12 based on the measured value of the battery voltage of each unit cell 1a, and discharges the unit cell 1a having a high battery voltage by the discharge circuit 2d.
- the voltage variation equalizing operation is performed to reduce the voltage variation between the single cells 1a. Therefore, the battery monitoring controller 2b and the discharge circuit 2d constitute a voltage equalizing device BL that equalizes voltage variations between the single cells 1a.
- the charging device 3 is configured to convert an AC voltage of a commercial AC power source or the like into a predetermined DC voltage, and apply the DC voltage to the assembled battery 1 for charging, and a charging control unit 3a that controls a charging operation; A charging output circuit 3b that outputs electric power to the assembled battery 1 or the like in accordance with a control instruction of the charging control unit 3a is provided.
- the charging control unit 3a functions as a charging control device CC that controls charging of the assembled battery 1.
- the charging control unit 3a is configured to detect the battery voltage detection signal (the detection signal from the voltage measurement unit 2a) of each unit cell 1a sent via the battery monitoring control unit 2b of the battery monitoring device 2. ), The output to the assembled battery 1 is controlled.
- FIG. 9 shows “balancer control” executed by the battery monitoring controller 2b.
- the battery monitoring control unit 2b uses the measurement result of the battery voltage of each unit cell 1a measured by the voltage measurement unit 2a, and the difference between the battery voltages of the maximum voltage unit cell 1a and the minimum voltage unit cell 1a to start the balance operation.
- the switch device 12 of the discharge circuit 2d connected in parallel to the unit cell 1a of the maximum voltage is switched to the ON state (ON state), and the unit cell 1a is discharged by discharging to the discharge circuit 2d.
- the battery voltage is reduced, and the voltage variation between the single cells 1a is reduced.
- the setting voltage difference for starting the balance operation is set to “25 mV”.
- the “balancer control” of FIG. 9 is repeatedly executed at high speed by the control unit 2b.
- the maximum voltage unit cell 1a is measured. It is confirmed whether or not the battery voltage (Vc) is equal to or higher than “3.4 V” (STEP # 1).
- the battery voltage (Vc) is specified as the maximum and the minimum, and the voltage difference ( ⁇ V) is obtained, and it is confirmed whether or not the voltage difference is equal to or larger than the balance operation start setting voltage difference (STEP # 2).
- the battery voltage (Vc) of the single cell 1a having the maximum voltage is less than “3.4V” or the voltage difference ( ⁇ V) is the set voltage difference for starting the balance operation.
- Vc battery voltage
- ⁇ V voltage difference
- the charging control unit 3a performs control that combines constant current charging and constant voltage charging for the assembled battery 1.
- the constant voltage charging is not a general control that keeps the voltage applied to the entire assembled battery 1 constant, but the battery voltage of the single cell 1a is maintained at a constant voltage ("set voltage for preventing voltage rise"). It is control to make it.
- the charging control unit 3a performs such control on the data of the battery voltage of each unit cell 1a sent from the battery monitoring device 2 and the current sensor 21 which is a current detection unit for detecting the current flowing in the assembled battery 1. Based on the detected data, it is executed by digital control by software processing.
- the control operation of the charge control unit 3a will be described with reference to FIG. 8 schematically represented in the form of a virtual control circuit.
- the amplifiers 22, 23, 24, and 25 subtract the positive potential of the single cell 1a on the low potential side from the positive potential of each single cell 1a to detect the battery voltage of each single cell 1a and amplify it to a predetermined signal level.
- the product of the input value and a predetermined voltage correction value (details will be described later) is obtained. Calculate.
- the OR circuit 26 selects and outputs the maximum voltage among the output signals of the amplifiers 22, 23, 24, 25. This is the same process in digital processing.
- the amplifier 27 amplifies the detection signal of the current sensor 21 to a predetermined signal level. Also in digital processing, the product of the detection data of the current sensor 21 and a predetermined current correction value is calculated.
- the output of the OR circuit 26 and the output of the amplifier 27 are input to the operational amplifier 28, and the operational amplifier 28 performs feedback control so that the higher voltage of the two inputs matches the reference voltage 28a.
- a signal is sent to the charging output circuit 3b to apply.
- the larger value of the data on the highest battery voltage of each unit cell 1a and the data on the charging current detected by the current sensor 21 is a value corresponding to the reference voltage 28a.
- Control to match Specifically, the larger one of the data on the highest battery voltage of each unit cell 1a and the data on the charging current detected by the current sensor 21 is greater than the value corresponding to the reference voltage 28a. Becomes larger, the output voltage of the charging output circuit 3b is decreased. Conversely, when the output voltage is smaller than the value corresponding to the reference voltage 28a, the output voltage of the charging output circuit 3b is decreased. To control.
- the voltage correction corresponding to the amplification function of the amplifiers 22, 23, 24, and 25 is set so that the value of the reference voltage 28a corresponds to “3.45V” as the value of the battery voltage of the unit cell 1a. .
- this “3.45 V” is the above “set voltage for preventing voltage rise”.
- the current correction value corresponding to the amplification function of the amplifier 27 is such that the value of the reference voltage 28a corresponds to “50 A” which is the current value of constant current charging. Is set.
- control is performed so as to maintain a state in which the charging current to the assembled battery 1 is “50 A” or the maximum voltage that has reached the “set voltage for preventing voltage rise” is reached.
- the control is performed to maintain the battery voltage of the voltage cell 1a at "3.45V".
- the above-mentioned “set voltage for preventing voltage rise” is set to a voltage value in a voltage region where the battery voltage rapidly increases as the charging of the unit cell 1a progresses near the full charge of the unit cell 1a.
- the battery voltage starts to rise from around 3.4V and rapidly rises from around 3.45V to 4V, which is the overcharge voltage. Therefore, the above “set voltage for preventing voltage rise” is set in a voltage range exceeding 3.4V and reaching 4V.
- the state of charge (SOC) 100% is set to be about 3.45 V as the voltage of the unit cell 1a, charging is performed as the above “set voltage for preventing voltage rise”.
- the state (SOC) is set to “3.45 V” (indicated by a broken line C in FIG. 6) which is the same as the voltage of 100%.
- the charging output is performed so that the charging current to the assembled battery 1 becomes “50A”.
- the output of the circuit 3b (that is, the output from the charging device 3 to the assembled battery 1) is controlled. While the constant current charging is being performed, the battery voltage of any single cell 1a increases to reach “3.45V”, and if further increased, the output of the charging output circuit 3b is decreased. On the contrary, if the battery voltage of the unit cell 1a is smaller than “3.45V” in the state where the charging current to the assembled battery 1 is smaller than “50A”, the output of the charging output circuit 3b is increased. As a result, the battery voltage of the unit cell 1a is maintained at “3.45V”, that is, “set voltage for preventing voltage rise”.
- the voltage variation equalization operation by the control of the battery monitoring control unit 2b of the battery monitoring device 2 is executed in parallel and independently of the control of the charging control unit 3a.
- the voltage equalizing device BL The switch device 12 of the discharge circuit 2d connected in parallel to the unit cell 1a that has reached the “set voltage for preventing voltage rise” is turned on and discharged to the discharge circuit 2d.
- the fact that the battery voltage of the unit cell 1a is maintained at the above “set voltage for preventing voltage rise” by the control of the charge control unit 3a means that, as a rule, no charging current flows through the unit cell 1a.
- the charging current from the charging device 3 to the assembled battery 1 all flows to the discharge circuit 2d in which the switch device 12 is in the on state, and the other single unit in which the switch device 12 of the discharge circuit 2d is in the off state.
- the battery 1a flows as a charging current. Due to this charging current, the battery voltage of the other cells 1a rises, and the voltage variation between the cells 1a becomes smaller.
- the assembled battery 1 is described by exemplifying the case where four unit cells 1a are connected in series. However, the number and connection form of the unit cells 1a constituting the assembled battery 1 are described. Can be variously changed.
- the charge control unit 3a exemplifies a configuration for receiving the measurement data of the battery voltage of each unit cell 1a from the battery monitoring device 2, but the charge control unit 3a directly receives each unit cell. You may comprise so that the battery voltage of 1a may be measured.
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Abstract
Description
このような状況を改善するには、電圧均等化装置による単電池の放電電流を大きくすることが考えられる。
充電装置から組電池に電力を供給する際、組電池に流れる電流は充電装置の出力によって変化する。換言すると、充電装置の出力によって組電池全体に流れる電流を制御できる。
このような制御のための制御要素は充電装置から組電池への出力であり、例えば、制御対象の単電池の電池電圧が上記「電圧上昇阻止用の設定電圧」より上昇すれば、充電装置が組電池全体に印加する電圧が下がるというようなフィードバック制御になる。
このような、単電池の電池電圧の抑制制御と単電池間の電圧ばらつきの均等化動作とを並行して行わせることで、組電池を構成する単電池間の充電状態のばらつきが的確に小さくなって行く。
又、組電池と充電装置とに加えて、負荷も並列接続されているシステムでは、充電装置から組電池への出力を制御することで、的確な組電池の均等化動作を行えると共に、負荷に対しても充電装置から必要な電力を供給することができる。
<第1実施形態>
図1に示すように、二次電池システムBSは、組電池1と充電装置3とを主要構成としており、組電池1全体に流れる電流に寄与する装置として、充電装置3のみが備えられている。
組電池1は複数の単電池1aを直列に接続して構成されており、本第1実施形態では、単電池1aを4個直列接続する場合を例示して説明する。
各単電池1aは鉄成分を含むリチウム化合物(例えば、リン酸鉄リチウム)を正極活物質に使用したリチウムイオン電池であり、いわゆる二次電池である。
この組電池1は、各単電池1aを監視する電池監視装置2と共に電池パックBP内に収納されている。
詳しくは後述するが、制御部2bは、各単電池1aの電池電圧の測定値に基づいてスイッチ装置12を入り切りして、電池電圧の高い単電池1aを放電回路2dで放電させることで、単電池1a間の電圧ばらつきを小さくする電圧ばらつきの均等化動作を行う。
従って、制御部2bと放電回路2dとで単電池1a間の電圧ばらつきを均等化する電圧均等化装置BLを構成している。
図3には、制御部2bにより実行される「バランサ制御」が示されている。制御部2bは、電圧測定部2aで測定した各単電池1aの電池電圧の測定結果、最大電圧の単電池1aの電池電圧が3.4V以上で、且つ、最大電圧の単電池1aと残余の単電池1aとの電池電圧の差がバランス動作開始用設定電圧を超えているものがあるときに、最大電圧の単電池1aに並列接続されている放電回路2dのスイッチ装置12を入り状態(ON状態)として、放電回路2dへの放電によってその単電池1aの電池電圧を低下させ、単電池1a間の電圧ばらつきを小さくする。
最大電圧の単電池1aの電池電圧が3.4V以上である場合は、更に、その最大電圧の単電池1aの電池電圧と残余の単電池1aの電池電圧との電圧差を求め、その電圧差が上記バランス動作開始用設定電圧以上となっているものがあるか否かを確認する(STEP#2)。
このバランス動作開始用設定電圧は、本実施の形態では、「50mV」に設定している。
図2の上段には、第1の単電池1aの電池電圧の時間変化Aと、第2の単電池1aの電池電圧の時間変化Bとが示され、図2の中段には、両者の電圧差がバランス動作開始用設定電圧を超えたことに対応して、制御部2bが制御信号を出力していることが示されている。
図4には、充電制御部3aにより実行される「バランサ支援制御」が示されている。充電制御部3aは、電圧測定部2aで測定した各単電池1aの電池電圧の測定結果、いずれかの単電池1aの電池電圧が所定の「電圧上昇抑制用の設定電圧」に達したときに、充電装置3による組電池1への充電を停止し、その単電池1aの電池電圧がある程度低下したときに充電を再開する制御を行なう。このような制御を行うことによって、電圧均等化装置BLによる電圧均等化動作が有効に機能する状態とする。
図6に示す例では、電池電圧で、3.4V付近から立ち上がり始め、3.45V付近から、過充電電圧である4Vまで一気に上昇している。
従って、上記の「電圧上昇抑制用の設定電圧」は、3.4Vを超えて、4Vに至るまでの電圧領域内で設定することになる。
その結果、単電池1aに並列接続されている放電回路2dに流れる電流は、全て単電池1aの放電電流となり、確実にその単電池1aの電池電圧を低下させて行く。
図2の下段が、充電制御部3aが充電停止と充電再開とを指示する信号であり、図2の下段において「H」レベルとなっている状態が、充電停止の信号を出力している状態であり、「L」レベルが組電池1への充電を許可している状態である。
この時、前記第1の単電池1aは電池監視装置2の制御部2bの制御によって電圧均等化動作中であり、充電装置3からの充電電流が停止することで、放電回路2dへの放電によって電池電圧が急速に低下する。
前記第1の単電池1aが図2に示すような電圧変化を示す一方で、第2の単電池1aは、充電装置3から充電電流が供給されている期間に徐々に電圧上昇し、単電池1a間の電圧ばらつきが縮小して行く。
次ぎに、本発明の第2実施形態について図5を用いて説明する。
本第2実施形態では、上記第1実施形態に示す二次電池システムBSに、更に負荷4を加えたものであり、組電池1と充電装置3と負荷4とが並列に接続されている。
ただし、本第2実施形態では、負荷4に電力を供給する必要がある関係で、上記第1実施形態のように、組電池1への出力を停止してしまうことはできない。
このため、組電池1全体に流れる電流を検出する電流検出装置CSである電流センサ21を備えて、充電制御部3aは、電流センサ21の検出信号が「0(A)」に相当する検出信号となるように、組電池1への出力(具体的には、組電池1への印加電圧)を制御する。
より具体的には、図4の処理のSTEP#13で、電流センサ21の検出信号が「0(A)」に相当する検出信号となるように、組電池1への出力(具体的には、組電池1への印加電圧)を制御し、図4のSTEP#16においてそのような制御を停止して、組電池1への実質的な充電を再開させる。
(1)上記各実施形態では、何れかの単電池1aの電池電圧が「電圧上昇抑制用の設定電圧」である「3.5V」に達したときに、組電池1全体に流れる電流が零(0(A))となるように制御する場合を例示しているが、電圧均等化装置BLによって各単電池1a間の電圧ばらつきが小さくなり得る電流値を制御目標としてもよい。
<第3実施形態>
本実施の形態の二次電池システムBSは、図7に概略的に示すように、組電池1と充電装置3とを主要構成としており、その組電池1及び充電装置3に対して負荷4が並列に接続されている。すなわち、組電池1と充電装置3と負荷4とが並列に接続されている。
各単電池1aは鉄成分を含むリチウム化合物(例えば、リン酸鉄リチウム)を正極活物質に使用したリチウムイオン電池であり、いわゆる二次電池である。
この組電池1は、各単電池1aを監視する電池監視装置2と共に電池パックBP内に収納されている。
電池監視制御部2bは、詳しくは後述するが、各単電池1aの電池電圧の測定値に基づいてスイッチ装置12を入り切りして、電池電圧の高い単電池1aを放電回路2dで放電させることで、単電池1a間の電圧ばらつきを小さくする電圧ばらつきの均等化動作を行う。
従って、電池監視制御部2bと放電回路2dとで単電池1a間の電圧ばらつきを均等化する電圧均等化装置BLを構成している。
図9には、電池監視制御部2bにより実行される「バランサ制御」が示されている。電池監視制御部2bは、電圧測定部2aで測定した各単電池1aの電池電圧の測定結果、最大電圧の単電池1aと最小電圧の単電池1aとの電池電圧の差が、バランス動作開始用設定電圧差を超えたときに、最大電圧の単電池1aに並列接続されている放電回路2dのスイッチ装置12を入り状態(ON状態)に切り替えて、放電回路2dへの放電によってその単電池1aの電池電圧を低下させ、単電池1a間の電圧ばらつきを小さくする。本実施の形態では、このバランス動作開始用設定電圧差は、「25mV」に設定している。
充電制御部3aは、組電池1に対して定電流充電と定電圧充電とを組み合わせた制御を行っている。
但し、定電圧充電は、組電池1全体に印加する電圧を一定に保つ一般的な制御ではなく、単電池1aの電池電圧が一定の電圧(「電圧上昇阻止用の設定電圧」)に維持されるようにする制御である。
アンプ22,23,24,25は、各単電池1aの正極電位から低電位側の単電池1aの正極電位を減算して各単電池1aの電池電圧を検出すると共に、所定の信号レベルに増幅する処理を示しており、デジタル処理上では、電池監視制御部2bから各単電池1aの電池電圧が入力されるので、その入力値と所定の電圧補正値(詳しくは後述する)との積を演算する。
また、組電池1への充電電流に関しては、上記基準電圧28aの値は、定電流充電の電流値である「50A」に相当するように、アンプ27の増幅機能に相当する上記電流補正値が設定されている。
従って、充電制御部3aの制御状態としては、組電池1への充電電流が「50A」となる状態を維持する制御をしているか、あるいは、「電圧上昇阻止用の設定電圧」に達した最大電圧の単電池1aの電池電圧を「3.45V」に維持する制御をしているかのどちらかになる。
図6に示す例では、電池電圧で、3.4V付近から立ち上がり始め、3.45V付近から、過充電電圧である4Vまで一気に上昇している。
従って、上記の「電圧上昇阻止用の設定電圧」は、3.4Vを超えて、4Vに至るまでの電圧領域内で設定することになる。
その定電流充電を行っている間に、何れかの単電池1aの電池電圧が上昇して「3.45V」に到達し、更に上昇しようとすると、充電出力回路3bの出力を低下させる。逆に、組電池1への充電電流が「50A」より小さくなっている状態で、上記の単電池1aの電池電圧が「3.45V」より小さくなると、充電出力回路3bの出力を上昇させて、結果として、単電池1aの電池電圧が「3.45V」、すなわち、「電圧上昇阻止用の設定電圧」に維持される。
(1)上記実施の形態では、図8で模式的に示す制御回路の機能をソフトウェア等のデジタル制御で実現する場合を例示しているが、図8の構成をアナログ制御回路として実装するように構成しても良い。
また、同様に、電圧均等化装置BLの動作条件である「バランス動作開始用設定電圧差」についても、上記実施の形態の「25mV」以外の値に設定しても良い。定電流充電の電流値「50A」についても同様である。
1a 単電池
3 充電装置
4 負荷
BL 電圧均等化装置
CC 充電制御装置
CS 電流検出装置
Claims (23)
- 二次電池を充電する二次電池システムであって、
少なくとも、夫々が二次電池である複数の単電池を接続して構成される組電池と、
前記単電池間の電圧ばらつきを均等化する電圧均等化装置と、
前記組電池に充電する充電装置と、
前記充電装置に組み込まれ、前記複数の単電池のうちのいずれかの単電池の電池電圧が所定の電圧上昇抑制用の設定電圧に達したときに、前記充電装置から前記組電池への充電電流を零となるように制御する充電制御装置と、
が備えられた二次電池システム。 - 前記二次電池は、鉄成分を含むリチウム化合物を正極活物質に使用した鉄系のリチウムイオン電池である請求項1記載の二次電池システム。
- 前記電圧上昇抑制用の設定電圧は、満充電付近において前記単電池への充電の進行に伴って電池電圧が急激に上昇する電圧領域内の電圧値に設定されている請求項1または2記載の二次電池システム。
- 前記電圧上昇抑制用の設定電圧は、3.4Vより高く4V未満の電圧領域内の電圧値に設定されている請求項3記載の二次電池システム。
- 前記電圧均等化装置は、各単電池を個別に放電させる放電回路と、前記放電回路を制御して単電池間の電圧ばらつきを小さくする電圧均等化制御を行なう制御部と、を備えている請求項1から4の何れかに記載の二次電池システム。
- 前記電圧均等化装置は、前記充電制御装置による制御動作の間も、並行して前記単電池間の電圧ばらつきの均等化動作を行うように構成されている請求項1から5の何れかに記載の二次電池システム。
- 前記組電池全体に流れる電流に寄与する装置として前記充電装置のみが備えられている請求項1から6の何れかに記載の二次電池システム。
- 前記組電池と、前記充電装置と、前記組電池と前記充電装置の少なくとも一つから電力供給される負荷とが並列に接続されて構成され、
前記組電池全体に流れる電流を検出する電流検出装置が備えられ、
前記充電制御装置は、前記電流検出装置の検出情報に基づいて、前記充電装置の出力を制御するように構成されている請求項1から7の何れかに記載の二次電池システム。 - 二次電池を充電する二次電池システムであって、
少なくとも、夫々が二次電池である複数の単電池を接続して構成される組電池と、
前記単電池間の電圧ばらつきを均等化する電圧均等化装置と、
前記組電池に充電する充電装置と、
前記充電装置に組み込まれ、前記複数の単電池のうちのいずれかの単電池の電池電圧が所定の電圧上昇抑制用の設定電圧に達したときに、前記充電装置から前記組電池への充電電流を前記電圧均等化装置にて各単電池間の電圧ばらつきが小さくなり得る電流値となるように制御する充電制御装置と、
が備えられた二次電池システム。 - 前記二次電池は、鉄成分を含むリチウム化合物を正極活物質に使用した鉄系のリチウムイオン電池である請求項9記載の二次電池システム。
- 前記電圧上昇抑制用の設定電圧は、満充電付近において前記単電池への充電の進行に伴って電池電圧が急激に上昇する電圧領域内の電圧値に設定されている請求項9または10記載の二次電池システム。
- 前記電圧上昇抑制用の設定電圧は、3.4Vより高く4V未満の電圧領域内の電圧値に設定されている請求項11記載の二次電池システム。
- 前記電圧均等化装置は、各単電池を個別に放電させる放電回路と、前記放電回路を制御して単電池間の電圧ばらつきを小さくする電圧均等化制御を行なう制御部と、を備えている請求項9から12の何れかに記載の二次電池システム。
- 前記電圧均等化装置は、前記充電制御装置による制御動作の間も、並行して前記単電池間の電圧ばらつきの均等化動作を行うように構成されている請求項9から13の何れかに記載の二次電池システム。
- 前記組電池全体に流れる電流に寄与する装置として前記充電装置のみが備えられている請求項9から14の何れかに記載の二次電池システム。
- 前記組電池と、前記充電装置と、前記組電池と前記充電装置の少なくとも一つから電力供給される負荷とが並列に接続されて構成され、
前記組電池全体に流れる電流を検出する電流検出装置が備えられ、
前記充電制御装置は、前記電流検出装置の検出情報に基づいて、前記充電装置の出力を制御するように構成されている請求項9から15の何れかに記載の二次電池システム。 - 二次電池を充電する二次電池システムであって、
少なくとも、夫々が二次電池である複数の単電池を接続して構成される組電池と、
前記単電池間の電圧ばらつきを均等化する電圧均等化装置と、
前記組電池に充電する充電装置と、
前記充電装置に組み込まれ、前記複数の単電池のうちのいずれかの単電池の電池電圧が、所定の電圧上昇阻止用の設定電圧に達したときに、前記充電装置の組電池への出力を制御して、前記電圧上昇阻止用の設定電圧に達した単電池の電池電圧を前記電圧上昇阻止用の設定電圧に維持させるように制御する充電制御装置と、
が備えられた二次電池システム。 - 前記二次電池は、鉄成分を含むリチウム化合物を正極活物質に使用した鉄系のリチウムイオン電池である請求項17記載の二次電池システム。
- 前記電圧上昇抑制用の設定電圧は、満充電付近において前記単電池への充電の進行に伴って電池電圧が急激に上昇する電圧領域内の電圧値に設定されている請求項17または18記載の二次電池システム。
- 前記電圧上昇抑制用の設定電圧は、3.4Vより高く4V未満の電圧領域内の電圧値に設定されている請求項19記載の二次電池システム。
- 前記電圧均等化装置は、各単電池を個別に放電させる放電回路と、前記放電回路を制御して単電池間の電圧ばらつきを小さくする電圧均等化制御を行なう制御部と、を備えている請求項17から20の何れかに記載の二次電池システム。
- 前記電圧均等化装置は、前記充電制御装置による制御動作の間も、並行して前記単電池間の電圧ばらつきの均等化動作を行うように構成されている請求項17から21の何れかに記載の二次電池システム。
- 前記組電池と、前記充電装置と、前記組電池と前記充電装置の少なくとも一つから電力供給される負荷とが並列に接続されて構成され、
前記組電池全体に流れる電流を検出する電流検出装置が備えられ、
前記充電制御装置は、前記電流検出装置の検出情報に基づいて、前記充電装置の出力を制御するように構成されている請求項17から22の何れかに記載の二次電池システム。
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